aim: what events/occurrences led to the bolshevik revolution? (continuing from yesterday’s)

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Aim: What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution? (Continuing from yesterday’s) Title: The Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution Do Now: 1. Please complete the handout (located at the front of the room).

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Aim: What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution? (Continuing from yesterday’s). Title: The Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution Do Now: Please complete the handout (located at the front of the room). . What is this cartoon saying about Russian Society, economy, and political - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Aim: What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution? (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Title: The Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution Do Now: 1. Please complete the handout (located at the front of

the room).

Page 2: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

1. What is this cartoon saying about Russian Society, economy, and political system?2. Might this political cartoon help us comprehend the MOTIVES/reasons for revolution? Why, or why not? EXPLAIN!!

Page 3: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)
Page 4: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Cause and Effect

What were some causes of the Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution (Oct./Nov. 1917)?

Answer(s): growing unrest, major distinctions between the “HAVES” vs. “HAVE NOTS,” lack of food/resources throughout. Entered WWI (which cost countless $$), over 2 million troops died, outdated infrastructure, including industries, inspired rebellions against a weak & corrupt czar.

Page 5: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Causes & Effects of Two Russian Revolutions, 1917Causes: Czarist Russia

Effects/Causes: March Revolution

Effects: Bolshevik Revolution

Page 6: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)
Page 7: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

• Bankruptcy of Czarist Regime

• Grave impact of 3 years of war

• Military defeat in WWI

• Economic deprivation

• Riots & strikes

• Distrust in pro-German factions in Imperial Court

• War weariness

Causes

• Mutiny of the troops

• Garrisoning of the Capital

February/ March

Revolution

• Creation of the Provisional Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers Deputies

• Formation of the Provisional Coalition Gov’t (Dual Power) headed by Prince George Lvov, then Alexander Kerensky

• Czar Nicholas II forced to abdicate

• Royal Family shot dead

• 1st All Russian Congress• With the help of the

Germans, Lenin & the Bolsheviks (REDS) come to power in RUSSIA.

Effects

Page 8: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

LONG-TERM CAUSE

S

Oppression of former

Serfs Geographical Isolation

Autocracy &

Absolutism of CzarsClass

inequalities

Defeat In

Crimean War

Rise of

Marxism =

Creation of

U.S.S.R.

Page 9: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)
Page 10: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)
Page 11: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

World War I: The Final Blow

• Heavy losses in World War I reveal government’s weakness

• Nicholas goes to war front; Czarina Alexandra runs government in his absence

Page 12: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

The impact of WWI

• Military Defeats– Russian army was big but poorly equipped– Lost two major battles in 1914– Caused loss of civilian and military morale– Tsar now held responsible for the defeats as

he had taken charge of the army

Page 13: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Impact of WWI

Criticism of the Tsar

Poor military commander

Poor political leader

Left the Tsarina in charge of the government

Refused to accept advice from the Duma

Criticism if the Tsarina

Inexperienced and incompetent ruler

Under the influence of Rasputin

Unpopular because she was German

Role of Rasputin

Claimed to be a healer. Disliked by many yet held influence over both the Tsar and Tsarina

Page 14: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Economic problems

• Over 15 million men joined the army• not enough workers in factories and farms• caused shortages of food and materials• Railway system very poor

– could not supply the troops– could not supply the towns– food prices rose

Impact WWIImpact WWI

Page 15: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Social discontent

• Food shortages and price rises caused widespread discontent

• The war had seen the population move from the countryside to the cities

• The cities soon became overcrowded and people lived in terrible conditions

Impact WWIImpact WWI

Page 16: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

First Steps

• In March 1917, strikes expand; soldiers refuse to fire on workers.• Most of the tension is caused by Nicholas II personally taking

command of the military in World War I, and the war going so badly.

Page 17: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

The Czar Steps Down

• March Revolution—protests become uprising; Nicholas abdicates throne

• Duma establishes provisional, or temporary government

• Soviets—committees of Socialist revolutionaries—control many cities

Page 18: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Lenin Returns to Russia

• In April 1917, Germans aid Lenin in returning from exile to Russia (pictured in disguise with his goatee shaved and wearing a wig).

Page 19: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

The Provisional Government Topples

• In November 1917, workers take control of the government

Page 20: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Bolsheviks in Power

• Lenin gives land to peasants, puts workers in control of factories

• Bolsheviks sign treaty with Germany (Treaty of Brest-Litvosk); Russia pulls out of World War I– What did that mean?

Page 21: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Civil War Rages in Russia

• Civil War between Bolsheviks’ Red Army and loosely allied White Army

• Red Army wins three-year war that leaves 14 million dead

Page 22: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

New Economic Policy

• In March 1921, Lenin launches New Economic Policy; has some capitalism

• NEP and peace restore economy shattered by war and revolution

• By 1928, Russia’s farms and factories are producing again

Page 23: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Political Reforms

• Lenin creates self-governing republics under national government

• In 1922, country renamed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)

• Communist Party—new name taken by Bolsheviks from the writings of Marx

Page 24: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Long term causesGEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATION• The great size of Russia led to geographical and

cultural isolation from the West.• The empire stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea

and from Poland to the Pacific• Russia was therefore shielded from the liberalizing

influences of the French Revolution and the Enlightenment.

• The Empire also lagged behind in terms of industrialization

• The expanse of the empire is reflected in the large population [150 - 160 million]

Page 25: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)
Page 26: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Long term causesAUTOCRACY & ABSOLUTISM OF CZARS• Political parties were banned• Radicals were imprisoned or sent to Siberia as

exiles• Censorship of the press• Control of public meetings• Tsar’s word was law• Weak and limited political institutions

Page 27: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Long term causesCLASS INEQUALITIES• Peasants comprised 80% of the total population• Less than a third of peasants were literate• Life expectancy in the countryside was under 40

years• Peasants did not own land and all farming was done

on communal land• Peasants were heavily taxed by the commune &

corporal punishment was administered by a Land Captain

Page 28: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Long term causesRISE IN MARXISM• The development of the Russian Democratic

Labor Movement/Party.• Eventually split into the Mensheviks and

Bolsheviks• They felt that the industrialization of Russia

would lead to destruction of the landowning classes

• One great Marxist/Bolshevik leader was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov

Page 29: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Long term causesOPPRESSION OF THE SERFS• A serf is an unfree peasant who is bound to

the land & is obligated to pay duties to the lord. If the land is sold, the serf is sold with the land.

Page 30: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Long term causesOPPRESSION OF THE SERFS• A serf is an unfree peasant who is bound to

the land & is obligated to pay duties to the lord. If the land is sold, the serf is sold with the land.

Page 31: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Immediate causesDEFEAT IN RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR (1904-05)• War over control of Manchuria and Korea

• Resulted in the annihilation of the Russian Baltic fleet by the Japanese in Tshusima

• Russia sign a peace treaty in August 1905 giving Japan control over Korea and North Manchuria

Page 32: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Immediate causes1905 REVOLUTION• Outcome?

– Unrestrained massacre leaving hundreds dead and others wounded [BLOODY SUNDAY]

– Assassination of the Tsar’s uncle Grand Duke Sergei who was governor-general in Moscow

– Constitutional Reform leading to the DUMA PERIOD characterized by limited democracy

Page 33: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)
Page 34: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Immediate causesWORLD WAR I• Russian troops experienced acute

demoralization• Gov’t mismanagement of the war effort• Russia did not possess the industrial capacity

to sustain a war in terms of:– Equipment– Supplies– Internal transport

Page 35: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION• The course of the revolution may be split into

two distinctive phases

• PHASE 1: February/ March• PHASE 2: October/ November

Page 36: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

October / November revolution• Also called the Bolshevik Revolution because

the main personalities involved were members of the Bolshevik party

• The Bolsheviks were against the Provisional government

• Each proposal made by the Provisional gov’t was contested by the Bolsheviks

Page 37: Aim:  What events/occurrences led to the Bolshevik Revolution?  (Continuing from yesterday’s)

Agricultural Society• Russian society under czars mostly agricultural• Unlike other European countries, Russia had not industrialized• Much of population, serfs—workers considered part of land they worked

Societal Problem• Serfs had to make regular payments of goods, labor to lords• Some in government wanted to improve conditions, unable to make reforms• Russian serfdom way of life, a major problem in Russian society

Serfs• Controlled by lords, wealthy nobles who owned land• Technically not slaves; living conditions, lack of freedom, resembled slavery• Not allowed to leave property where born; did not own land they worked

Serfdom