agn science with the agn science with the wide … · agn science with the agn science with the...
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AGN Science with the AGN Science with the Wide FieldWide Field
X-ray TelescopeX-ray Telescope
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Stephen Murray/CfA / P.I.Riccardo Giacconi /Johns Hopkins University / Senior Adv. ScientistAndy Ptak/ Johns Hopkins University / Project Scientist
Italy: Stefano Borgani INAF/Trieste Roberto Gilli INAF/BolognaSilvano Molendi INAFMaurizio PaolilloGiovanni Pareschi INAF/Brera Piero Rosati ESOPaolo Tozzi INAF/Trieste Gianpiero Tagliaferri INAF/Brera ....
US: Steve Allen Stanford University Niel Brandt Penn State University Mark Bautz MIT Chris Burrows SolutionsIQ Ron Elsner MSFC Kathryn Flanagan Space Telescope Science InstituteBill FormanMichael Paul Applied Physics Laboratory Brian Ramsey MSFCAlexey Vikhlinin Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsMartin Weisskopf MSFC....
Institutions:CfA
JHU/APLINAF OABrera, OATs, OABo, OANa
INAF/IASF-Mi/BoASI/ASDC
ESOMIT
MSFCPSU
StanfordSTScI
U. Trieste, Napoli, Bologna
WFXT Core TeamWFXT Core Team
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
The WFXT mission: one high resolution, high collecting area and wide FOV X-ray telescope with low background, to image the 0.5-7 keV X-ray sky down to very low fluxes and characterize the spectra of millions of X-ray sources. The scientific outcome will be a coverage of at leasthalf of the 0.5-7 keV X-ray sky with a quality and a depth at the level of future wide area surveys, a product which is not delivered by any other existing or planned mission.
WFXT in few wordsWFXT in few words
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Constant PSF on a large FOVConstant PSF on a large FOV
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
X-ray optics with polynomial profile X-ray optics with polynomial profile
Mirrors are usually built in the Wolter I (paraboloid-hyperboloid) configuration which provides, in principle, perfect on-axis images.
This design exhibits no spherical aberration on-axis but suffers from field curvature, coma and astigmatism, which make the angular resolution to degrade rapidly with increasing off-axis angles.
More general mirror designs than Wolter's exist in which the primary and secondary mirror profiles are expanded as a power series. These polynomial solutions are well suited for optimization purposes, which may be used to increase the angular resolution at large off-axis positions, degrading the on-axis performances (Burrows, Burgh and Giacconi 1992)
In the design also the length of each mirror element, the shift among intersection-planes and the curvature of the focal plane system must be optimized (see Conconi & Campana 2001; Conconi et al., 2004)
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Constant PSF on a large FOVConstant PSF on a large FOV
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
WFXTWFXT effective areaeffective area
X 3
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Grasp vs angular resolution
Flux limit vs solid angleFlux limit vs solid angle
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
1 deg
XMM - 1.5 Msec
XMM COSMOS survey (2 deg2) (Cappelluti et al. 2009)
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Chandra COSMOS survey (1 deg2) (Elvis et al. 2009)
Chandra - 1.8 Msec
Bands (keV)[0.5-2] [2-4.5][4.5-7]
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
WFXT - 13 Ksec
Bands (keV)[0.5-1] [1.0-2][2.0-7]
WFXT simulation (one tile from the medium survey)
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
WFXT-Chandra comparison in COSMOS
WFXT - 5” HEW Chandra Cosmos - ~2” HEW
Planned SurveysPlanned Surveys
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Very wild range ofpredictions for z>6 AGN:
Observations of significant samples at z>6 would constrainthe physics of early BH formation disentanglingbetween several scenariose.g. providing info onmass of BH seeds, accretion mechanisms
How many WFXT will see?
The LogN-logSThe LogN-logS
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
High-z AGN with WFXT
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
High-z AGN in WFXT Surveys
Spectra of high-z AGN with WFXT
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Santos et al. 2010
AGN-ICM interactions: Cool cores in X-ray Clusters at high-z
Results from Chandra
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Cool core evolution: Chandra vs WFXT
Santos et al. 2010
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
Cool core evolution vs resolution
Santos et al. 2010
WFXT Key Features (www.wfxt.eu)WFXT Key Features (www.wfxt.eu)
Constant PSF (5” goal HEW) across 1 degree FOV
Total Effective area ~ 15 X Chandra at 1 keV (goal 10000 cm2) with three modules
Bandpass: ~ 0.4-7 keV
Dedicated survey mission, calibrated data products released with no proprietary period.
Science goals: evolution of AGN population, star forming galaxies traced up to z>1, discovery and characterization of groups and clusters, halo stars, SNR and compact Galactic objects.
Will serve as a target finder for future X-ray missions
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
ConclusionsConclusionsGrasp and PSF are crucial to deliver an X-ray survey competitive with large area survey in other wavelengths: on mission made only for surveys.
From these surveys, WFXT will generate a legacy dataset of > 107 AGN to z > 6, a substantial fraction with X-ray spectra sufficient to distinguish obscured from unobscured quasars, anda sample of ~> 5 x 105 clusters of galaxies to z~ 2, while characterizing the physics of the ICM from many of them. These surveys will address fundamental questions of how supermassive black holes grow and influence the evolution of the host galaxy and how clusters form and evolve, as well as providing large samples of massive clusters that can be used in cosmological tests. All WFXT data will become public through a series of annual Data Releases that will constitute a vast scientific legacy for decades. Immense legacy value and synergies future instruments: ALMA, JWST, EUCLID/JDEM, IXO, …
Black holes and Revelations, Ferrara May 27, 2010 Paolo Tozzi for the WFXT Team
check www.wfxt.eu