aggressive behaviors within polities

8/13/2019 Aggressive Behaviors Within Polities

1/24

Aggressive Behaviors within Polities, 1948-1962: A Cross-National StudyAuthor(s): Ivo K. Feierabend and Rosalind L. FeierabendSource: The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Sep., 1966), pp. 249-271Published by: Sage Publications, Inc.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/173000.

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2/24


3/24

250505050 FEIERABENDFEIERABENDFEIERABENDFEIERABENDof few

Itof may

inexpectations, and needs

for forof time, and

oftion:social satisfaction frustration

types ofwhichof systemic are

gated thisstudy.

In the frustration-aggressionto political con-cept bethe of coerciveness of

the constructive ofto wellthe administrative, entrepreneurial,in

of politics. ofment furthermore associated

of scapegoating mi-thein

frustration-aggressionthe of political

of relative offrustration,

2. Ifstabfiity still given

It nonparticipant Polit-of

of fewIt

of mayin

expectations, and needsfor for

of time, andof

tion:social satisfaction frustration


gated thisstudy.









of fewIt

of mayin


of time, andof



gated thisstudy.









of fewIt

of mayin


of time, andof



gated thisstudy.









the ofand,

theis to in of ~e

Frameworkis

explicated in way,used in

itsthe

the of

of andit the of di-

and of (Dol-et al., 1939; Maier, 1949; 1959;

1961; themostbasic and of the

isthe of (Dollard et al.,

p. lead toof

is not to ifthe of

the agents.4

the ofand,

theis to in of ~e

Frameworkis


itsthe

the of

of andit the of di-




p. lead toof

is not to ifthe of

the agents.4

the ofand,

theis to in of ~e

Frameworkis


itsthe

the of

of andit the of di-




p. lead toof

is not to ifthe of

the agents.4

the ofand,

theis to in of ~e

Frameworkis


itsthe

the of

of andit the of di-




p. lead toof

is not to ifthe of

the agents.44 of the of thein eliciting(For of1965.)

4 of the of thein eliciting(For of1965.)



CONFLICT 1RESOLUTION VOLU1VfE X' NUI~BEI~ 3ONFLICT 1RESOLUTION VOLU1VfE X' NUI~BEI~ 3ONFLICT 1RESOLUTION VOLU1VfE X' NUI~BEI~ 3ONFLICT 1RESOLUTION VOLU1VfE X' NUI~BEI~ 3

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4/24

POLlTIES,POLlTIES,POLlTIES,POLlTIES,whichsolutions to

or(The ofand theIfis of acts of

If, of the coercivenessofthein

aga'mst and/orcanIf acts of

occur the faceof

the ofin the of.to the of

set ofing

can be thefrustration-aggression theof of andical (Merton,1949; Lasswell,1951; 1960; et al.,Deutsch, Gurr,

The of the isscope of

not .thein

of all

whichsolutions toor(The ofand the

Ifis of acts of



occur the faceof


set ofing



not .thein

of all


Ifis of acts of



occur the faceof


set ofing



not .thein

of all


Ifis of acts of



occur the faceof


set ofing



not .thein

of all

politicalat anof cases, theent cross-nationalwhich for

eighty-fourfour are 1.)cross-nationalthe cross-culturalof 1957; Feierabend, 1962).of the is col-ection of cross-national Al-

ables ofof the Cross-Politythe sta-

areto outonfor~ eighty-four fifteen-yearThe fromtwo WorldAffairsand thebooks. in which in

of and(Feierabend Feierabend,The IBMof events.5o[ the

WITH BETTY NESVOLD, W.AND G. LITELLIn orderto the


















WITH BETTY NESVOLD, W.AND G. LITELLIn orderto the5 ofthe Index the instrue~tions to raters, etc., is theInter-University for Re-

1248, Ann Michigan,

5 ofthe Index the instrue~tions to raters, etc., is theInter-University for Re-1248, Ann Michigan,





5/24

252525252 1VO FEIERABENDVO FEIERABENDVO FEIERABENDVO FEIERABEND

d'dtatan'ests to 4, andof

to (or ofity the (orquantity) of the to

of each country'sthe of

of1.?.table, it be of

theis than

of theof

scale ofthere is com-

of at each scalemost

butof underdeveloped pol-and the

small ofat scale

from Latinbloc.

contrm'y ethnocentrie expecta~tions, not at scaleis the of scale.

to the of in-





theis than

of theof




small ofat scale

from Latinbloc.


to the of in-





theis than

of theof




small ofat scale

from Latinbloc.


to the of in-





theis than

of theof




small ofat scale

from Latinbloc.


to the of in-

ternalof

scale theof1964).

seven-pointfrom (denoting

(denotingEach of the scale observationallyof

senting of in-be ofof each

scale. forof

official falls thethe scale; the2 of

the4 coups d'etatand war the

Consensual for judgesThe of judges theof

r-of com-

of .the oftions the scale two

level of for theeighty-four forseven-year

r-stabfiity

for the of eighty-fourfor the seven-year

1955-1961.the of the

seven-year

ternalof

scale theof1964).




scale. forof




r-of com-



r-stabfiity



seven-year

ternalof

scale theof1964).




scale. forof




r-of com-



r-stabfiity



seven-year

ternalof

scale theof1964).




scale. forof




r-of com-



r-stabfiity



seven-year

o profries theof the Eck-stein's fromlence per 1950-1962."rank-order twor--.69. thelow Bus-sett's ofindependent/number of chief1945-1961." rank-order be-two r = .38.:




VOLUl%fEVOLUl%fEVOLUl%fEVOLUl%fE



6/24

e~Zea. Rich Switzer. 404 526 652b 2 3 ....4 5 6SrAmLITY INSTAmLIr?e~Zea. Rich Switzer. 404 526 652b 2 3 ....4 5 6SrAmLITY INSTAmLIr?e~Zea. Rich Switzer. 404 526 652b 2 3 ....4 5 6SrAmLITY INSTAmLIr?e~Zea. Rich Switzer. 404 526 652b 2 3 ....4 5 6SrAmLITY INSTAmLIr?

POLITIES,POLITIES,POLITIES,POLITIES,

FREQUENCY IN TERMS THEIR DEGmm F RELATIVESTABILITY, 1955-19-61(STAmLITYcotmSHOWNor EACH oveTRY)




U. orS. 495465

Dom. Rep.Iran 459454Japan 453451451Ghana 451lordan 448445443437433432431USSR 430 430Chfie 427Burma 427 422429.429.China 429.

dor 421415413419.409407Af~hani-

U. orS. 495465


dor 421415413419.409407Af~hani-

U. orS. 495465


dor 421415413419.409407Af~hani-

U. orS. 495465


dor 421415413419.409407Af~hani-

Tunisia 325318317317U.S. 316

Libya 309E. Ger-307307306306

Tunisia 325318317317U.S. 316

Libya 309E. Ger-307307306306

Tunisia 325318317317U.S. 316

Libya 309E. Ger-307307306306

Tunisia 325318317317U.S. 316

Libya 309E. Ger-307307306306

599 599Korea 596 584583581Iraq 579556Syria 554552GuatemMa 546541 535




Nether-

103Luxem

Nether-

103Luxem

Nether-

103Luxem

Nether-

103Luxem

9.17219.

206202

9.17219.

206202

9.17219.

206202

9.17219.

206202 681681681681

1964).7 fre-of of Wpesof in-temal forthe eighty-four for the time1948-1962. of

(1) global for all


(1) global for all


(1) global for all


(1) global for all

for all drawnto ofthe under kady.in 1,inin 1950s and

level in the 1960s.(2) of of'mstabfiity of of

18 (executionofpersons) to 403 (acquisition of

office). theof




office). theof




office). theof




office). theof

7 in Hoole's1964on World The

on Affairs nd


on Affairs nd


on Affairs nd


on Affairs nd



7/24

254545454 IVO FEIERABENDVO FEIERABENDVO FEIERABENDVO FEIERABEND5o0o0o0o0

350300250

15olOO50

350300250

15olOO50

350300250

15olOO50

350300250

15olOO50

' ? * t ? -'194849 50 51 52 53' ? * t ? -'194849 50 51 52 53' ? * t ? -'194849 50 51 52 53' ? * t ? -'194849 50 51 52 53 ~g 55 56 ~T58 59 6o 6m6~YEAR~g 55 56 ~T58 59

6o 6m6~YEAR~g 55 56 ~T58 59

6o 6m6~YEAR~g 55 56 ~T58 59

6o 6m6~YEAR

Fic. of 1948-1962.ic. of 1948-1962.ic. of 1948-1962.ic. of 1948-1962.

rank-orderingthe first frequencyof (1,555

of ofand of

laws). The (704of in-

large-scale demon-strations, andlaw. The third (333 inform of coups d'dtat, and

the fourthpri-marfly of

civil in-relationship the

?requeney of of anevent theof which


of ofand of







of ofand of







of ofand of






?orthe frequency of of all

instabilityfrom 136

one eventof

An in under-of

which theofof

ofRummel

factor-analyzing of in-ternal for three-year

(1955-1957),rev-


instabilityfrom 136

one eventof

An in under-of

which theofof

ofRummel


(1955-1957),rev-


instabilityfrom 136

one eventof

An in under-of

which theofof

ofRummel


(1955-1957),rev-


instabilityfrom 136

one eventof

An in under-of

which theofof

ofRummel


(1955-1957),rev-

CONFLICT X 3ONFLICT X 3ONFLICT X 3ONFLICT X 3



8/24

ROTATE1) MATRIX OF MrssuingSFACTOItS*

partic- revo- Dem- Im- Guer-ipation lution strug- on- pris- rilla--Tur---Re- Elec- stra- war-VAIllABLES moil Riot tion tion ment war fare







of =of total 23.33 6.77 5.89 5.32 3.62= 71.46

~.50.

of =of total 23.33 6.77 5.89 5.32 3.62= 71.46

~.50.

of =of total 23.33 6.77 5.89 5.32 3.62= 71.46

~.50.

of =of total 23.33 6.77 5.89 5.32 3.62= 71.46

~.50.

POLlTIES, 1948-1962POLlTIES, 1948-1962POLlTIES, 1948-1962POLlTIES, 1948-1962 255555555

-01 -23 -11-1913 -2110 19

61' 121343 15 -17 -12 -1961' -02 1026-06 27 112864* -04 11 14-14

2114 54*-12 -01 01-14-1011 03 1501 14 3101 -07-21 -0104 42 2131 14 4501 -40

O0 -36 32 -19 -13

-01 -23 -11-1913 -2110 19

61' 121343 15 -17 -12 -1961' -02 1026-06 27 112864* -04 11 14-14

2114 54*-12 -01 01-14-1011 03 1501 14 3101 -07-21 -0104 42 2131 14 4501 -40

O0 -36 32 -19 -13

-01 -23 -11-1913 -2110 19

61' 121343 15 -17 -12 -1961' -02 1026-06 27 112864* -04 11 14-14

2114 54*-12 -01 01-14-1011 03 1501 14 3101 -07-21 -0104 42 2131 14 4501 -40

O0 -36 32 -19 -13

-01 -23 -11-1913 -2110 19

61' 121343 15 -17 -12 -1961' -02 1026-06 27 112864* -04 11 14-14

2114 54*-12 -01 01-14-1011 03 1501 14 3101 -07-21 -0104 42 2131 14 4501 -40

O0 -36 32 -19 -13

of ofof nongovernmentalof

11.12.14.16. of ofof few19. ofof21. lawof24. ofand

d'dtat



d'dtat



d'dtat



d'dtat

the Rummel for thefound two-factor solu- of 1963

tion: and war. revolution, andRummel (1966) factor-analyzed Hoole (1964) factor-analyzed vari-Eckstein's collec- ables fifteen-year

of (Eckstein, from1962) for the 1946-1950. and five major and

dimen- five five major















9/24

256565656 IVO L. FEIERABENDVO L. FEIERABENDVO L. FEIERABENDVO L. FEIERABEND

Feierabend, Feierabend,Litell (1966), Hoole'sfor fifteen-year 1948-1962

and thetwo

andVarimax

for theThe first

for afterfirst,and

palace-revolution-lack ofstruggle-purge

ofIt

the first two fac-theRumreel andthe

each theof all

andsmall,and and and ter-

could itanonfie,

andcon-

trast to Itd'dtat, martialaw,

ofnot

buthighlyorganized conspiratorial


and thetwo

andVarimax

for theThe first

for afterfirst,and


ofIt


each theof all


could itanonfie,

andcon-


ofnot



and thetwo

andVarimax

for theThe first

for afterfirst,and


ofIt


each theof all


could itanonfie,

andcon-


ofnot



and thetwo

andVarimax

for theThe first

for afterfirst,and


ofIt


each theof all


could itanonfie,

andcon-


ofnot


Andtheyet

ofof isthe

is the of andcoupd'dtat.of

infor 71.5% the

firstfor half of (53%).for less half the com-

mon theparrems: two

twoof civil war and

the of

ofto~VITH ET'rY NESVOLD

the for the variable,stability, were factor-ing of

twoinvestigated. (1)(lower) theany the lower

thethe thethe to instaMlity.The the ofthe anygiven inthe order, a

Andtheyet

ofof isthe


infor 71.5% the


mon theparrems: two

twoof civil war and

the of





Andtheyet

ofof isthe


infor 71.5% the


mon theparrems: two

twoof civil war and

the of





Andtheyet

ofof isthe


infor 71.5% the


mon theparrems: two

twoof civil war and

the of





NU/vIBER 3NU/vIBER 3NU/vIBER 3NU/vIBER 3



10/24

1948-19621948-19621948-19621948-1962on will1964).

theof frustration-aggressionwell from

of1958; Deutsch, 1961; Cutright, 1963). Infirst

be ofh'ustration.

low ='wantlowlow = low

'~ high = low ?mstrationof

the dif-of the

In our theis newand well lead

long runof very

set It

and of'm

and andofofand of

and ofandof

thethe all

on will1964).theof frustration-aggression

well fromof

1958; Deutsch, 1961; Cutright, 1963). Infirstbe of

h'ustration.



the dif-of the


long runof very

set It

and of'm

and andofofand of

and ofandof

thethe all


well fromof


h'ustration.



the dif-of the


long runof very

set It

and of'm

and andofofand of

and ofandof

thethe all


well fromof


h'ustration.



the dif-of the


long runof very

set It

and of'm

and andofofand of

and ofandof

thethe all

pm'ticipantsnfor that.theway of

The of modem althoughof is

Theof of1958), also "the

ofthe ?rustrating of the

Theof

of andtion a to

the ofBut lag

and haof

itand satisfaction, and the

ofand the

It ati ofis, at

far tobe the sinceit to

but willthe theof

it may willand will

way to





Theof

of andtion a to

the ofBut lag

and haof


ofand the

It ati ofis, at


but willthe theof

it may willand will

way to





Theof

of andtion a to

the ofBut lag

and haof


ofand the

It ati ofis, at


but willthe theof

it may willand will

way to





Theof

of andtion a to

the ofBut lag

and haof


ofand the

It ati ofis, at


but willthe theof

it may willand will

way to



11/24

IVO L. FEIERABENDVO L. FEIERABENDVO L. FEIERABENDVO L. FEIERABENDfield

Inkeles, 1960; Doob, 1960; Cantril,1963, and Verba, 1964).For t~e of ansive and very

The ofand

of cross-na-few

ofGNPand in-per

per of outof satisfaction. andper of also

couldthe The was

well avafiabfiity fTheindicators, of

o?at of

Aof and usethe Formay till Or,

can-the satisfaction of while GNPper mayFor

the ofDeutsch, 1961).wasfor .the ofand and lifetwo

fieldInkeles, 1960; Doob, 1960; Cantril,

1963, and Verba, 1964).For t~e of ansive and veryThe of

andof cross-na-

fewofGNPand in-

perper of outof satisfaction. and

per of alsocould

the The waswell avafiabfiity f

Theindicators, ofo?

at ofAof and usethe For

may till Or,can-the satisfaction of while GNP

per mayForthe ofDeutsch, 1961).

wasfor .the ofand and lifetwo



andof cross-na-

fewofGNPand in-


per of alsocould


Theindicators, ofo?







andof cross-na-

fewofGNPand in-


per of alsocould


Theindicators, ofo?





(GNP,

?mstration andThe all of thefirstand for

of .theeighty-fourof the Thewas ratio. country'scoded six

(GNP,and was

coun.try's was higher.sthefor the 1948-1955

for the 1955-1961. Itwould

politicaI in-stabfifties.

The of thethe of

thethe The

in Table Theleast of

oftion,occur.

(GNP,



(GNP,and was




The of thethe of

thethe The


oftion,occur.

(GNP,



(GNP,and was




The of thethe of

thethe The


oftion,occur.

(GNP,



(GNP,and was




The of thethe of

thethe The


oftion,occur.

sThe of cor-be con-due to the un-of cross-national Forof in cross-nationalRussett(1964) and Rumreel 1963).




RESOLUTION VOLUME XRESOLUTION VOLUME XRESOLUTION VOLUME XRESOLUTION VOLUME X



12/24

FRUSTRATION AND OF STABILITY*OFOF RATIO OF FORMATIONTO WANT

STABILITY LowIranIraqItalyJapanChile of Africa

Palds[anDom.

HaitiIndia

Rica

22

square**= 30.5, = ~.001 Yule's Q =of this the data the UNsources. with data all indices.All ehi in and the following are for in of the smallthe noncon[irmingcells.



Palds[anDom.

HaitiIndia

Rica

22




Palds[anDom.

HaitiIndia

Rica

22




Palds[anDom.

HaitiIndia

Rica

22


POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962

of formationsatisfaction alsotween are pre-in 4. of in-

in is


in is


in is


in is

of equalof thethe of

lationship (Yule'sGNP of the

predictors, of



predictors, of



predictors, of



predictors, of



13/24

THE EIGHT FRUST~ON AND DEcramOFSTABILITY




LrrE~T~(below (above Total90%) 9O%)

2982p-


14/24

POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962 261616161the

in theof the muchthe for thein the

Trulyhence of in-

cluded inthannity.?

foreach of

the forthen

ing score bethe of

the .two inscore

signifi-car~t. inthe the pre-theof and ofence coun-

alsothe difference

reachcance.

con-the lack ofand

In of the lack of ineighty-four for the

the


Trulyhence of in-

cluded inthannity.?

foreach of

the forthen

ing score bethe of

the .two inscore


alsothe difference

reachcance.

con-the lack ofand


the


Trulyhence of in-

cluded inthannity.?

foreach of

the forthen

ing score bethe of

the .two inscore


alsothe difference

reachcance.

con-the lack ofand


the


Trulyhence of in-

cluded inthannity.?

foreach of

the forthen

ing score bethe of

the .two inscore


alsothe difference

reachcance.

con-the lack ofand


the predictors ofalso empir/calfor

for of the

From com-of

It which120

1,000of the haw

per1,900 with GNPof the

in If all of

willif

thefail the

ofto the

betwveen stabflit-y,rank-ordered

the .threeand lxaditional

forthe

theem Theto equal in thewhile at the of the

coun-


for of the

From com-of

It which120

1,000of the haw


in If all of

willif

thefail the

ofto the



forthe


coun-


for of the

From com-of

It which120

1,000of the haw


in If all of

willif

thefail the

ofto the



forthe


coun-


for of the

From com-of

It which120

1,000of the haw


in If all of

willif

thefail the

ofto the



forthe


coun-

?This onis to of Russettet al. (1964) GNPtwo.92.






15/24

AND STABILITY

N stability t p* t p*Modern countries

268t 6.18


16/24


is thewhich

the istheofity of of

the of theof ofof andof

the gapleast inthe

the [aster theof thegiven the (the lower)

o[Conroe, 1965).first in hy-

pat-for of eighty-fourthe under

1948-1962. thethe of oc-

of 1),that the

the the sixto to

the inhalf cal-seven-year

for first

the seven-year for the

is thewhich



the gapleast inthe





of 1),that the

the the sixto to


for first


is thewhich



the gapleast inthe





of 1),that the

the the sixto to


for first


is thewhich



the gapleast inthe





of 1),that the

the the sixto to


for first


eighty-four = .43).Not but

As ofthe tability-instabilityfor

year-by-ofthe at

two o?best-fit fifteen-year

of fromby variance.

of thetwo to be in-

(Spear-= Of thethe scale

ofempiricallyis thefluctuation of

rather theit

of and not theof in over (in-eco-

onlyyearly fluctuations inpredictors ofthe of

of in sta-ofwill

and willof To



year-by-ofthe at


of fromby variance.

of thetwo to be in-



rather theit



of in sta-ofwill

and willof To



year-by-ofthe at


of fromby variance.

of thetwo to be in-



rather theit



of in sta-ofwill

and willof To



year-by-ofthe at


of fromby variance.

of thetwo to be in-



rather theit



of in sta-ofwill

and willof To



17/24

6RELATIONSHIP RATE ON AND RATE

IN STABILITY

INSTABILITYFLUCTUATIONSIN YEAn.LY TABILITY

(PERCENT) TOTAL

CubaNew ZealandCanada PakistanChileDenmarkEcuador 36Cuatemala of S. A/rica

UnitedUruguay

31JapanChana KoreaIndia Burma

RicaDom. 31

USSHIraq

26Total 31

~ 30.01 p ----


18/24

RANK-ORDEH COILRELATIONS (l~-IO) OF CHANGE ON VARIABLES ANDTWO MEASUI~S OF STABILITY, 1948--1962

N stabil- ityeducation .57dayPostprimary .36 .41of .21.31

.17 .14.01National



.17 .14.01National



.17 .14.01National



.17 .14.01National

POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962 265656565

indicator.l? areof

isof forfor

o? inthe of the

ofof the

ofthe

theof six of the

may table,highly

of

indicator.l? areof

isof forfor

o? inthe of the

ofof the

ofthe

theof six of the

may table,highly

of

indicator.l? areof

isof forfor

o? inthe of the

ofof the

ofthe

theof six of the

may table,highly

of

indicator.l? areof

isof forfor

o? inthe of the

ofof the

ofthe

theof six of the

may table,highly

of

inof

pro-thefrom 1962 cor-

the1955-19'61

r ofofof the

and Re-also

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19/24

RELATIONSHIP LEVELANDMEANBATE CHANCE NVARIABLESMODEHNITYHATE

countries countries Totalw..Pakistan LuxembourgChileCuba Austr/a ZealandBelgium SwedenItaly Denmark Switzerland 34Mexico KingdomIceland Unitedof Ireland

Korea USSHPeruGhana

High India 33EgyptIraq

Japan

Total 13 32 67square 31.0; = ~.001.



Korea USSHPeruGhana


Japan

Total 13 32 67square 31.0; = ~.001.



Korea USSHPeruGhana


Japan

Total 13 32 67square 31.0; = ~.001.



Korea USSHPeruGhana


Japan

Total 13 32 67square 31.0; = ~.001.

266666666 IVO K. AND ROSALIND FEIERABEHDVO K. AND ROSALIND FEIERABEHDVO K. AND ROSALIND FEIERABEHDVO K. AND ROSALIND FEIERABEHD

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20/24

PtELATIONSHIP MODERNITY AND RATE OF IN

IN MODEHNITY LEVELTraditional , Transitional

BurmaChina Morocco RicaLow Ghana Dom. Rep, USSRPhilippines Portugal Kingdorn 35India EgyptIraq TunisiaJordan

5

Chile Peru Ausixia NewGreeee 35Italy Un. of FinlandJapan A/ficaKorea

17 17

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relatively

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21/24

10OF ON ECOLOGICAL AND IN

STABILITY AS BY VARIANCE AND SLOPE

Low Low variance/positive variance andECO-VAHIABLES variance/negative

16W.

13Ireland CubaItaly Un.low Bulgaria 20Philippines PaldstanGreece

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IVO K. ItOSALIND FEIERABENDVO K. ItOSALIND FEIERABENDVO K. ItOSALIND FEIERABENDVO K. ItOSALIND FEIERABEND68686868

offluctuation and time.

speak of syn-which exemplified by theofcally and no

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andin

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be suchconflict

CONFLICT VOLUME NUMBERCONFLICT VOLUME NUMBERCONFLICT VOLUME NUMBERCONFLICT VOLUME NUMBER



22/24

POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962POLITIES, 1948-1962of

ofcan

offor

Of Thefactlead

from frustra-of

ternalnew

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ofabfiity

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to inIt could

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tolarge-scalescope

to

GABRIEL A., and JAMEs . COLEA,IANThe of the

StuNtarVEaBa.TheCivicN.J.:1963.

BANKS, and ROBERT TEXTOR.Cross-PolitySurvetd. Mas-of 1963.

BERKOWITZ, LEONARD.Aggr?ssion: SocialYork:1962."The ofIn(ed.), inSocial Psychology,Vol. g.1965.Buss, H. The Psychologit ofNew 1961.CANTmL,HADL~.Y. of

1963, pp. 41-~. of HumanNew N.J.:1965.

and LLOYD FREE. "Hopes andfor Self and Be-(Oct. 1962),RAY1VIOND, BREUL, PARKER

of ofSyntality in Modem AmericanReview, (1951), 408-21.Dis-in the Syntal ofing Journal of~95o 215-53.ofof Factorization ofJournalof(1949), 443-69,.

COlXrROE, Cross-NationalAnal-Isis of the ofStabiliti. Master's1965.CUTWmOHT,areres. and Ameri-can (April 1963),253-64.DAVIES,2tM~sC. of Revo-





1963, pp. 41-~. of HumanNew N.J.:1965.








1963, pp. 41-~. of HumanNew N.J.:1965.








1963, pp. 41-~. of HumanNew N.J.:1965.






23/24

FEIERABENDFEIERABENDFEIERABENDFEIERABENDlution,"(Jan. 1962), 5-19.DEUTSC~,KARL The ofmerit. New Press, 1963.

andAmerican1961), 493-514.of Basicand PaRems in andAmerican54 1960), 34-57.DOLLAPa~,om~,et al. FrustrationandNew1939.I_~osAm~ Becoming More Civilized:NewPress,EASTON,DAVm. A forN.J.: Prentice-1965a.~. A Systems of Life.New Wfiey, 1965b.ECKSTE~,H. (ed.). War. NewFree Press, 1964.~. War: The ofpation. submittedand theSmithsonian Institution, D.C.,15,F~B~D, K.ity: theWestern Quarterly (Supplement),15, 1962), 18-19.~, and ROSALIND FErnmEND.Bank of(Cod~ Index).

January~.

Pollties: Cross-National de-livered the of thecan Illi-1965b.and NORMAN LITELL.of Politicalof Cross-National Paper de-livered at the of the

1966.~, and BETTY NESVOLD.ofthe Annual of the Po-

lution,"(Jan. 1962), 5-19.DEUTSC~,KARL The ofmerit. New Press, 1963.


January~.





January~.





January~.



lifical New1963.FITZGmBON, . and KENNET~ OHNSON.of LatinAmerican Science1961).Gm~cG, PHmm and ARTHUR BANKS.ofof CrossReview, 1965),602-14.Gums, TED.The ofvariate o[ Preconditionso[ CivilStri[e. Ph.D. New1965.HAAS, o[

in 1964.HOOLE, and In-Cross-NationalCol-1964.INKELES, LEX. Theof Perception and

]ournal of (July1960),KLINe, MERLE.Index]ournal ofMay 1959 127-50.

LASSWELL, Theof D. Lasswell. Glencoe, Ill.:1951.DANIEL.and 2,1957),~. ofGlencoe, II1.: Free

"Anti-European Iournalof Conflict 3, (Dec. 1959),420-29.LIPSET,SEY~Otm H. 1960.~. Democ-

1959), 69-105.MAmR, NORMAN Studyof Goal. NewMcGraw-Hill,





















24/24

AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS POLITIES, 1948-1962GGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS POLITIES, 1948-1962GGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS POLITIES, 1948-1962GGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS POLITIES, 1948-1962 271717171M?CLELLAND,AYre. TheNostrand,McNEm, B. andJourna/ of1959MmtmTr, Rm~ra) L., and SX~IN ROtaN.

of Quantita-tive New1966.MERTON, K. Struc-New Free Press, 1949.Mtrr~ocK, GEORCE .(Oct. 1957), 249-54.NESVOLD,Ex'rY

the of Systems:ACross-NationalStudy. Master'sJune 1964.PARSONS,TALCOX%nd EDWAra) SHINS.General of 1951.NAEGELE, Prrrs.of New Free

RotaN, SX~IN. Cross-NationalII. 1955, 622-41.(ed.).RtrM2VmL, ~LPa J. of1946-59," Journalof 10, 1966),65-74.--------. Field of Actionand

M?CLELLAND,AYre. TheNostrand,McNEm, B. andJourna/ of1959MmtmTr, Rm~ra) L., and SX~IN ROtaN.of Quantita-tive New1966.MERTON, K. Struc-New Free Press, 1949.Mtrr~ocK, GEORCE .

(Oct. 1957), 249-54.NESVOLD,Ex'rYthe of Systems:ACross-NationalStudy. Master'sJune 1964.PARSONS,TALCOX%nd EDWAra) SHINS.General of 1951.NAEGELE, Prrrs.of New Free








(1965).ofand(1963), 1-50.Rvssr. % and Instabfiity:of Land(April 1964), 442-54.et al. World o[New Uni-1964.

J. DAvm, MELVINMALL.and of the In-1815-1940," World(Jan. 1966),TANTER,RAYMOND. of Conflictand 1958-1960. in

NSF-GS224,? ofand 1958-60,"Journalof (March1966), 41-65.%VALTON,r~N~-Ir~R ofo[

A Cross-NationalMaster's

San 1965.WInTING, Jorm IRVIN CmLD.and Cross-Cultural

Study. New Haven:






Study. New Haven:






Study. New Haven:






Study. New Haven:

aggressive behaviors within polities

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