Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

Chapters 14-15Chapters 14-15

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration• Section 1 The Search For SpicesSection 1 The Search For Spices• I. Europeans take to the seas I. Europeans take to the seas • The Black Death had disrupted trade routes, so The Black Death had disrupted trade routes, so

there was not as much there was not as much TradeTrade between Europe and between Europe and Asia. Asia.

• Exploration had also been held to a minimum Exploration had also been held to a minimum because of the because of the BlackBlack Death. Death.

• Improved technology allowed Europeans to take to Improved technology allowed Europeans to take to the seas (open sea exploration)the seas (open sea exploration)– Cartographers,Cartographers, or mapmakersor mapmakers, were able to make more , were able to make more

accurate maps and sea charts. accurate maps and sea charts. – European sailors learned to use an European sailors learned to use an astrolabe astrolabe which is an which is an

instrument developed by the Greeks and instrument developed by the Greeks and ArabiansArabians– Europeans developed larger and better ships. The Europeans developed larger and better ships. The

Portuguese developed the Portuguese developed the caravel caravel which which combined the combined the square sails of European ships with Arab lateen, or square sails of European ships with Arab lateen, or triangle sailstriangle sails..

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

• II. Portuguese Pioneers II. Portuguese Pioneers • Prince Henry of Portugal was interested in Prince Henry of Portugal was interested in

sea explorationsea exploration– He wanted to conquer the Muslims. He wanted to conquer the Muslims. – He also wanted to find African Gold.He also wanted to find African Gold.– Henry set up a navigation school.Henry set up a navigation school.

• Dias of Portugal rounded the tip of Africa Dias of Portugal rounded the tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope)(Cape of Good Hope)

• Vasco Da Gama went around the Cape of Vasco Da Gama went around the Cape of Good Hope and around to India for spices.Good Hope and around to India for spices.

Da GamaDa Gama

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration• III. Spain Enters the RaceIII. Spain Enters the Race• A. Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, wanted to reach A. Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, wanted to reach

the the East East Indies by going the opposite way (West). He Indies by going the opposite way (West). He believed that the earth was round and that he could reach the believed that the earth was round and that he could reach the East East Indies. However, he underestimated the circumference Indies. However, he underestimated the circumference of the earth and had no idea that North and South America of the earth and had no idea that North and South America lay ahead.lay ahead.

• 1. After being rejected once, Columbus convinced King 1. After being rejected once, Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage. Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage.

• 2. On August 3, 1492, the Pinta, Nina, and Santa 2. On August 3, 1492, the Pinta, Nina, and Santa Maria, set Maria, set sail.sail.

• 3. The crew grew anxious as rations ran low. The sailors 3. The crew grew anxious as rations ran low. The sailors almost almost rebelled and threw Columbus overboard.rebelled and threw Columbus overboard.– On October 12, 1492, a crewmember spotted land and On October 12, 1492, a crewmember spotted land and

went ashore on what is today the Bahamas. Specifically, went ashore on what is today the Bahamas. Specifically, they landed on the island of San Salvador.they landed on the island of San Salvador.

– He thought he had reached the East Indies. Therefore, he He thought he had reached the East Indies. Therefore, he called the people living in the region _called the people living in the region _IndiansIndians_._.

– Columbus made a total of four voyages to the new world. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the new world. Each time he was convinced he had reached East Asia.Each time he was convinced he had reached East Asia.

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

• Why do we call it America then?Why do we call it America then?– Amerigo Vespucci (map maker)Amerigo Vespucci (map maker)

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

• Now both Spain and Portugal began to Now both Spain and Portugal began to claim lands in the new world. Pope claim lands in the new world. Pope Alexander IV (Borgia Pope) stepped in to Alexander IV (Borgia Pope) stepped in to settle the dispute. He set up a Line of settle the dispute. He set up a Line of Demarcation that divided the non- Demarcation that divided the non- European world into two zones. Spain had European world into two zones. Spain had the right to explore and claim lands to the the right to explore and claim lands to the west of that line and Portugal had the west of that line and Portugal had the right to explore east of that line. Portugal right to explore east of that line. Portugal got ripped off. This is known as the got ripped off. This is known as the Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas..

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

• IV. Magellan IV. Magellan • He recruited sailors for a two-year voyage to sail He recruited sailors for a two-year voyage to sail

around the world. On five ships Magellan loaded around the world. On five ships Magellan loaded ten tons of biscuits and 6,000 pounds of salt beef, ten tons of biscuits and 6,000 pounds of salt beef, pork, dried beans, flour, water, wine, plus lumber, pork, dried beans, flour, water, wine, plus lumber, weapons, and gunpowder. weapons, and gunpowder.

• Storms ripped apart Magellan’s Ships. Magellan Storms ripped apart Magellan’s Ships. Magellan had to put down many mutinies. Like Columbus had to put down many mutinies. Like Columbus Magellan himself was killed in the Philippines. Magellan himself was killed in the Philippines. Three years later Magellan’s crew landed in Three years later Magellan’s crew landed in Seville, Spain. Seville, Spain.

• The crew was the first to The crew was the first to circumnavigatecircumnavigate or or sail sail around the world. around the world.

MagellanMagellan

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration• V. Important Explorers V. Important Explorers

• CartierCartier explored eastern Canada for the explored eastern Canada for the French.French.

• HudsonHudson explored the Hudson Bay area in explored the Hudson Bay area in present day _present day _CanadaCanada__ for the Netherlands.__ for the Netherlands.

• DiasDias rounded the Cape of Good Hope. rounded the Cape of Good Hope.

• Da GamaDa Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope rounded the Cape of Good Hope and continued to India.and continued to India.

• CabotCabot explored North America for the explored North America for the British.British.

• BalboaBalboa discovered the discovered the PacificPacific_ Ocean._ Ocean.

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

• VI. Rise of the Dutch VI. Rise of the Dutch

• The The Netherlands or the DutchNetherlands or the Dutch became became strong explorers as well.strong explorers as well.

• The Dutch dominated the spice trade from The Dutch dominated the spice trade from Asia.Asia.

• Wealthy merchants in Holland formed the Wealthy merchants in Holland formed the Dutch East India Company.Dutch East India Company.

• The Dutch used military means to The Dutch used military means to accomplish their goals.accomplish their goals.

• Later the Spanish claimed the Philippines.Later the Spanish claimed the Philippines.

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange