African Trading African Trading Civilizations:Civilizations:

Ghana, Mali, SonghaiGhana, Mali, Songhai

Global Studies 10Global Studies 10

Topic ReviewTopic Review

African KingdomsAfrican Kingdoms

All major African kingdoms All major African kingdoms controlled important controlled important trade routes trade routes and were very and were very advancedadvanced long….. long….. before European contact.before European contact.

Ghana, Mali, & SonghaiGhana, Mali, & Songhai

All existed at different times.All existed at different times. All three civilizations prospered All three civilizations prospered

due to the due to the GoldGold and and saltsalt trade.trade. All developed in West AfricaAll developed in West Africa All had artwork which included All had artwork which included

gold, bronze, and clay sculptures.gold, bronze, and clay sculptures.

Empire of GhanaEmpire of Ghanac800-c1100c800-c1100

Eventually Eventually converted to converted to Islam. (Cultural Islam. (Cultural Diffusion)Diffusion)

Conquered by Conquered by Almoravids in the Almoravids in the 1111thth century century

How does culture diffusion How does culture diffusion happen?happen?

1)1) People move from People move from place to placeplace to place

2)2) TradeTrade

3)3) WarfareWarfare

Cultural diffusion Cultural diffusion is the spreading is the spreading of ideas to new of ideas to new regions.regions.

Examples: Examples: Christmas Christmas traditions, foods, traditions, foods, religionsreligions

Empire of MaliEmpire of Malic1200-c1450c1200-c1450

Islamic KingdomIslamic Kingdom Rose in power after Ghana’s demiseRose in power after Ghana’s demise Greatest leader was Greatest leader was Mansa MusaMansa Musa He expanded the empire to nearly twice He expanded the empire to nearly twice

the size of Ghana.the size of Ghana. TimbuktuTimbuktu became a became a

very prominent very prominent “LEARNING CENTER”“LEARNING CENTER”

Mansa MusaMansa Musa

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa.

He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. (demonstrates what taking place?)

Empire of SonghaiEmpire of Songhaic1450-c1600c1450-c1600

Islamic KingdomIslamic Kingdom Songhai came into power as the Empire Songhai came into power as the Empire

of Mali weakenedof Mali weakened Timbuktu continued to be Timbuktu continued to be

a great cultural and a great cultural and learning center.learning center.

They were conquered by They were conquered by the Moroccans with the the Moroccans with the use of gunpowder use of gunpowder and cannons.and cannons.

Empire of KushEmpire of Kushc750BC – 200ADc750BC – 200AD

Northeast AfricaNortheast Africa Conquered Egypt and ruled large Conquered Egypt and ruled large

empire for 80 yearsempire for 80 years Learned to make iron weapons and Learned to make iron weapons and

tools (cultural diffusion)tools (cultural diffusion) Used iron ore deposits to support Used iron ore deposits to support

large iron industrylarge iron industry Located along major trade routes.Located along major trade routes.

Empire of AxumEmpire of Axumc200AD-c700ADc200AD-c700AD

Grew in power as the Empire of Kush Grew in power as the Empire of Kush declineddeclined

Blended Arab and African culturesBlended Arab and African cultures Present day EthiopiaPresent day Ethiopia Became a Christian Kingdom in 324 ADBecame a Christian Kingdom in 324 AD Located along major trade routes.Located along major trade routes.

In order for towns and cities to In order for towns and cities to develop there must be a surplus develop there must be a surplus

of food? Why?of food? Why?

This allows people to specialize in This allows people to specialize in production of different items. production of different items.

They would then trade these goods They would then trade these goods for the food they need.for the food they need.

In Africa, there is a great In Africa, there is a great diversity of geography. How did diversity of geography. How did this influence cultural diffusion?this influence cultural diffusion?

DesertsDeserts MountainsMountains RiversRivers Rain ForestsRain Forests

�This made it hard to travel

�Led to less cultural diffusion

�This led to great cultural diversity

Regent Questions Regent Questions

In Africa, an effect of topography In Africa, an effect of topography and climate has been to…...and climate has been to…...

1. Promote the growth of diverse 1. Promote the growth of diverse societiessocieties

2. Promote large scale trade 2. Promote large scale trade between Africa and Asiabetween Africa and Asia

3. Encourage rapid industrialization 3. Encourage rapid industrialization of the interiorof the interior

4. Prevent the development of 4. Prevent the development of kingdomskingdoms

The existence of the civilizations of The existence of the civilizations of Ghana, Axum, Kush, & Mali Ghana, Axum, Kush, & Mali

demonstrates that...demonstrates that...

1. African civilizations were extremely 1. African civilizations were extremely isolated from each other.isolated from each other.

2. Industrial technology was needed for 2. Industrial technology was needed for early African civilizations to developearly African civilizations to develop

3. Advanced societies developed in 3. Advanced societies developed in Africa before any European Africa before any European colonization.colonization.

4. The African continent was unified 4. The African continent was unified under a single political system.under a single political system.

One similarity between Axum, Kush, One similarity between Axum, Kush, & Nubia was that they were...& Nubia was that they were...

1. Military leaders in the Neolithic 1. Military leaders in the Neolithic age.age.

2. Early civilizations in Africa2. Early civilizations in Africa

3. Writers of epic poems about 3. Writers of epic poems about Greek cities.Greek cities.

4. Rivers along which early trade 4. Rivers along which early trade developed.developed.

One similarity between the ancient One similarity between the ancient African kingdoms of Egypt, Ghana, African kingdoms of Egypt, Ghana,

Mali, and Songhai is that all of these Mali, and Songhai is that all of these kingdom were located...kingdom were located...

1. In mountainous terrain1. In mountainous terrain

2. In coastal areas2. In coastal areas

3. In rain forest areas3. In rain forest areas

4. On major trading routes4. On major trading routes

Before West African civilizations Before West African civilizations had contact with Europeans, had contact with Europeans, these civilizations developedthese civilizations developed

1. One system of government for the 1. One system of government for the entire regionentire region

2. Social systems that emphasized the 2. Social systems that emphasized the nuclear familynuclear family

3. Economies that did not rely on trade3. Economies that did not rely on trade

4. Art that included bronze,gold, and 4. Art that included bronze,gold, and clay sculpturesclay sculptures

Which factor contributed most Which factor contributed most to the development of ancient to the development of ancient African kingdoms of Ghana and African kingdoms of Ghana and

Mali?Mali?

1. The Coptic religion1. The Coptic religion

2. Democratic government2. Democratic government

3. European Imperialism3. European Imperialism

4. Extensive trade4. Extensive trade

Which activity is the best Which activity is the best example of cultural diffusion in example of cultural diffusion in

Africa?Africa?

1. Discovering bronze sculptures 1. Discovering bronze sculptures form Beninform Benin

2. Weaving kente cloth in Ghana2. Weaving kente cloth in Ghana

3. Practicing of Islam in Nigeria3. Practicing of Islam in Nigeria

4. Using masks in traditional African 4. Using masks in traditional African ceremonies.ceremonies.

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African Trading Civilization QuestionsAfrican Trading Civilization Questions