African-Americans in the WEST

Did you know they were there?

They were there!

• Explorers, hunters, trappers

• Lawmen and Soldiers

• Outlaws

• Settlers and Cowboys

• Women

• Forty-Niners

YOUR JOB

• Choose one person

• Create a short biography

• Explain how being black made a difference in his or her life.

WHICH ONE WILL YOU CHOOSE?

How did Black people get to the West?

Kidnapped Africans were brought to this country as slaves.

http://www.wvu.edu/~lawfac/jscully/Race/images/slavery.jpg

Slaves ran away

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery-pictures/hunting-slaves-375.jpg

www.jamd.com/image/g/1581143

Some ran to the Indians

• Sometimes they escaped to Indian tribes.

• Sometimes they stayed with the Indians, married, and had children.

• Sometimes they became chiefs.

Black Abraham, Seminole leader

Abraham

detail from Orr's 1848 engraving in The Origin, Progress, and Conclusion of the Florida War

by John T. Sprague.

AbrahamPart of Seminole delegation to

Washington, D.C, in 1825From BLACK INDIANS

By William Loren Katz, p. 57

John Horse, Black Seminole leader

John Horse around 1840.

Source of the original sketch unknown. The engraving, entitled

"Gopher John Seminole Interpreter," first appeared in Sprague's 1848 history of the war, attributed to the

firm of N. Orr & Richardson.

Most slaves lived in the South

Five Indian tribes lived there, too.

•Creek

Chief William McIntosh

freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com

•Cherokee

Sequoyah

http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-nativeamerican/Sequoyah.jpg

Chickasaw

http://www.aaanativearts.com/chiefWashakie.jpg

Chief Washakie

Choctaw

http://www.bibliovault.org/thumbs/978-0-8173-5115-1-thumb.jpg

Chief Pushmataha

Seminole

Osceola

http://members.tripod.com/~aruathite/Osceola.jpg

These tribes were known as “The Five Civilized Tribes”

WHY?

Because they adopted some of the white man’s ways:

– A written language (Cherokee)– A system of government– Schools for their children

And…– Slavery

More and more whites moved into their lands

The Indians were pushed out of what is now:Georgia

MississippiAlabamaFlorida.

Trail of Tears

Finally, in 1830, Congress passedThe Indian Removal Act.

Thousands of Indians were marched

from their ancestral homesto “Indian Territory”

in what is now Oklahoma.

They were forced to march many miles in midwinter.

http://www.guthriestudios.com/images/Cherokee%20Trail%20Of%20Tears.jpg

http://www.guthriestudios.com/images/Trail_of_Tears_Dawn.jpg

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/images/trail-of-tears-map1.gif

http://www.indianahumanities.org/wethepeople/200/the_trail_of_tears.jpg

http://amhist.ist.unomaha.edu/module_files/Trail%20of%20Tears%20Painting.GIF

Many died

http://www.nativeamericans.com/tears.jpg

Thousands of Blacks…

• Traveled West with the Indians.

• They were slaves, friends, and family members.

This book was writtenAbout the

Black Indian Slaves.

Indian Territory was promised to the Indians forever

They were NOT placed on reservationsThey were NATIONS

This map shows INDIAN TERRITORY where Oklahoma is now

http://www.nativeamericans.com/IndianTerritory.htm

Look closely to see the INDIAN NATIONS

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/american-indians/indian-territory-map.htm

This is the way..

…that many African-Americans

came WEST

AFTER THE CIVIL WAR.

Others…

Were already there—exploring

trappingworking on ranches

establishing their own farmsand businesses.

THEY WANTED TO BE FREE!

Which one will you study?

•An Explorer, hunter, trapper?

•A Lawman or Soldier?

•An Outlaw?

•A Cowboy or Settler?

•A Woman?

•A Forty-Niner?

Explorers, hunters, and trapperswho came earlier

• York

• James Beckwourth

• George Bonga

Lawmen and Soldiers

• Bass Reeves, U.S. Marshal

• Grant Johnson, U.S. Marshal

• Zeke Miller, U.S. Marshal

• Pompey Factor, Seminole Negro Scout

• Henry O. Flipper, West Point graduate

• Isaac Payne, Seminole Negro Scout

• Judge Isaac Parker, “the hangin’ judge” (the only white person in our study)

Outlaws

• Dick Glass

• Ned Christie

• Cherokee Bill

• Buss Luckey

• Isom Dart

• Ben Hodges

Cowboys and Settlers

• Bose Ikard – cowhand

• Bill Pickett – rodeo star

• George Washington – founder of Centralia, WA

• George Washington Bush – Oregon settler

• John Taylor and Kitty Cloud – Colorado settlers

• Nat Love - “Deadwood Dick” - cowhand

Women

• Stagecoach Mary –drove the stage, Cascade, MT

• Biddy Mason - dug for gold as a slave

• Clara Brown – did laundry for miners

• Edmonia Lewis – created sculptures

• Mary Ellen Pleasant –worked for civil rights in California

Where Do I Start?

Big 6 Steps

1. Find out what you are to do.

2. Think about where the information might be found.

3. Find the information

4. Take notes

5. Organize and complete the project

6. Evaluate—did you meet expectations?

1. (Find out what to do)

• YOUR JOB:

• Decide which person you will investigate

• Create a podcast about his or her life.

2. Where should I look for information?

• Go to: http://moodle.hsd1.org and click on Broadwater Library

• Also go to: http://delicious.com/bwblack

• Use the special collection of books in the Broadwater library.

3. Find your information

• Click on the links for your person in the Moodle.

4. Collect the information

• Images

• Notes

Collect images

• Find at least six images about your person and his or her life and times.

• Save the pics to your folder on your MacBook.

Get ready to copy and paste notes

Go to http://bubbl.us

Can you still get into your account?

If not, open one.

• Create a user name by putting your classroom in front of your name. Example: 4bsusan.

• Your password is student.

Make notes

• Copy and paste short phrases into 12 bubbls.

• No sentences!

• Short notes that remind you of 12 facts or events!

What facts do I need?• Where was your person born?

• Who were his/her parents? Were both parents Black?

• How did your person get out to the West?

• What made this person’s life hard?

• What was his or her greatest accomplishment?

• How did being Black make a difference?

4. Organize your info

Look at your bubbl chart.

Which bubbls go together?

Move them around until the facts are in order.

5. Write sentences

• On a sheet of lined paper, write your own sentences that explain the notes in the bubbls.

Make sure

at least one sentence

explains

what difference it made

to be black.

PODCAST

• Move your images into Garageband.

• Practice reading your sentences. Make sure your pictures go with your sentences.

• RECORD your podcast.

6. Evaluate yourself

• Did you pick an African-American who lived in the WEST?

• Did you collect 12 images about your person?

• Did you copy and paste notes?

• Did you write sentences to go with your pictures?

• Did you make your podcast?

What did you learn?

– The most important facts you learned from other students.

– The most important facts you learned from your own research.

The End

Cover photo, BLACK INDIANS, by William Loren Katz