Afghanistan/PakistanHistorical Background

Ethnic Communities of Afghanistan

Timeline of Afghan/Pakistan History

1839 British in the form of the East India Company invade Afghanistan, install descendant of former shah.

1842 British force in Afghanistan annihilated. 1868 Russians reach the border of northern

Afghanistan.1873 treaty between Russia and Britain establish

Afghanistan as a buffer state.1876 Britain occupies Quetta. 1878 Russia provokes Britain into a 2nd Afghan invasion.1880 British leave.1947 Britain grants independence to India and the

country is partitioned between India and Pakistan.

The Values of Pakhtunwali/Pukhtunwali/Pashtunwali

Badal – Vengeance.Tora – Courage.Melmastia – Hospitality.Nanawatee – Generosity to a defeated enemy

supplicating for peace.Teega or Kanray - Heeding the voice of the jirga.

Tarboorwali - cousin rivalry.Tor – Upholding female honor.