AfghanistanAfghanistan NationalismNationalism

By:By:Ebony Uribe Ebony Uribe Cindy NguyenCindy Nguyen

Nationalism DefinitionNationalism Definition Refers to an ideology, a sentiment, a form of Refers to an ideology, a sentiment, a form of

culture, or a social movement that focuses on culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. It is a type of collectivism the nation. It is a type of collectivism emphasizing the collective of a specific nation.emphasizing the collective of a specific nation.

Nationalism Drive Nationalism Drive Control Control PowerPower DominationDomination UnityUnity

HistoryHistory

Crossroad between different Crossroad between different civilizations.civilizations.

522 BCE--486 BCE- Persia conquerd 522 BCE--486 BCE- Persia conquerd AfghanistanAfghanistan

329 BCE– 326 BCE- Alexander the 329 BCE– 326 BCE- Alexander the Great of Macedonia Great of Macedonia

conquered Afghanistanconquered Afghanistan 652- Arabs introduce Islam.652- Arabs introduce Islam.

History cont.History cont.

1332-Descendants of Ghorid rulers 1332-Descendants of Ghorid rulers conquer Afghanistan. conquer Afghanistan.

1613-1689- Uprising against Moghul 1613-1689- Uprising against Moghul government.government.

1736 - Nadir Shah (head of Persia)1736 - Nadir Shah (head of Persia)

occupies parts of Afghanistan.occupies parts of Afghanistan. 1747- Shah is assassinated. Afghans, 1747- Shah is assassinated. Afghans,

establish modern Afghanistan. establish modern Afghanistan.

History cont.History cont.

1773- 1793- Rule of Timur Shah. 1773- 1793- Rule of Timur Shah. Internal revolts.Internal revolts.

1826- Dost Mohammad Khan 1826- Dost Mohammad Khan establishes control. establishes control.

1836- Britain invades.1836- Britain invades. 1843- Annihilation of British troops= 1843- Annihilation of British troops=

Afghanistan is independent again.Afghanistan is independent again. 1934- USA formally recognizes 1934- USA formally recognizes

Afghanistan.Afghanistan.

History Cont.History Cont.

1994-Taliban militia are born.1994-Taliban militia are born.

2001- Taliban destroy historical 2001- Taliban destroy historical momentums. momentums.

9/11 9/11 Taliban - September 11Taliban - September 11thth: :

suicide attacks on the U.S. kill suicide attacks on the U.S. kill more than 3,000 people and more than 3,000 people and destroy the two towers of the destroy the two towers of the World Trade Center and part World Trade Center and part of the Pentagon. of the Pentagon.

Opposition Suppressed Opposition Suppressed Ahmad Shah Masood Ahmad Shah Masood

In April 2001, he was visiting Europe to In April 2001, he was visiting Europe to gain support against the Taliban.gain support against the Taliban.

Two days before 9/11, Masood was Two days before 9/11, Masood was killed by assassins posing as journalists. killed by assassins posing as journalists.

Abdul Haq Abdul Haq Was trying to create a popular uprising Was trying to create a popular uprising

in Afghanistan against the Taliban in in Afghanistan against the Taliban in the wake of the September 11th the wake of the September 11th attacks. attacks.

Executed by the Taliban in October Executed by the Taliban in October 2001.2001.

Languages Languages

Most common languagesMost common languages Eastern Farsi/ Dari Eastern Farsi/ Dari Pashto Pashto

Other Other Uzbek & Turkmen Uzbek & Turkmen 30 minor languages 30 minor languages

Bilingualism is commonBilingualism is common Big difference in literacy rates for Big difference in literacy rates for

males and females.males and females.

ReligionsReligions

Mid-1980sMid-1980s ~ 30,000-150,00 Hindus & Sikhs in ~ 30,000-150,00 Hindus & Sikhs in

varies cities (mainly Jalalabad, Kabul, varies cities (mainly Jalalabad, Kabul, & Kandahar)& Kandahar)

99% Muslim 99% Muslim 74-80% Sunni74-80% Sunni 19-25% Shi’a19-25% Shi’a

Small Jewish community Small Jewish community Last one is Zablon Simintov Last one is Zablon Simintov

TalibanTaliban

EducationEducation

ObstaclesObstacles Lack of fundingLack of funding Unsafe school building Unsafe school building Cultural norms Cultural norms Lack of women teacher Lack of women teacher

Rapid change in the face of higher Rapid change in the face of higher educationeducation

After 2001, Kabul University was After 2001, Kabul University was reopened to both genders. reopened to both genders.

Education cont.Education cont.

2006: American University of 2006: American University of Afghanistan opened its door & Afghanistan opened its door & accepted students from Afghanistan accepted students from Afghanistan & the neighboring countries& the neighboring countries

New military school with purpose of New military school with purpose of properly training & educating their properly training & educating their soldierssoldiers

MediaMedia

Media was very restricted Media was very restricted Censorship slowly loosend after Censorship slowly loosend after

2001 2001 Reporters Without Borders listed the Reporters Without Borders listed the

media environment as 1media environment as 1stst for most for most freefree

Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups

41% Pashtun 41% Pashtun

38% Tajik 38% Tajik

10% Hazara 10% Hazara

6% Uzbek 6% Uzbek

Population – large variety of Ethnic groupsNo exact distribution

2% Turkmen 2% Turkmen

1% Nuristani 1% Nuristani

1% Baloch 1% Baloch

1% other 1% other

EconomyEconomy One of world’s poorest countries.One of world’s poorest countries. Recovering from decades of conflict.Recovering from decades of conflict. Has improved significantly since fall of Has improved significantly since fall of

Taliban.Taliban. Extremely poor, landlocked, and highly Extremely poor, landlocked, and highly

dependant on foreign aid, agriculture, dependant on foreign aid, agriculture, and trade with neighboring countries.and trade with neighboring countries.

Main source of income is agriculture.Main source of income is agriculture. Industry based on agriculture and Industry based on agriculture and

pastoral raw materials.pastoral raw materials.

Economy ContinuedEconomy Continued

Sheep farming is extremely valuable.Sheep farming is extremely valuable. Rich in natural resources.Rich in natural resources. $8 billion in bilateral debt.$8 billion in bilateral debt. $500 million in debt to Multilateral $500 million in debt to Multilateral

Development Banks.Development Banks. Unit of money= AfghaniUnit of money= Afghani Population below poverty line= 53%Population below poverty line= 53% Unemployment rate= 40%Unemployment rate= 40%

Taliban's New Target – Taliban's New Target – Mobile -Phone Towers Mobile -Phone Towers

destroyed a mobile-phone towerdestroyed a mobile-phone tower No telephone signals during the No telephone signals during the

evening and overnight evening and overnight Taliban want to damage economy Taliban want to damage economy Mobile networks are Mobile networks are

important for important for

ordinary Afghans ordinary Afghans

Current Event- June 8, Current Event- June 8, 20092009

New troops to defeat Taliban.New troops to defeat Taliban. Marine buildup will occur in Marine buildup will occur in

Hemland.Hemland. USA is helping Afghan government USA is helping Afghan government

vs. Taliban.vs. Taliban.

Future of AfghanistanFuture of Afghanistan

Taliban moves awayTaliban moves away Less US troopsLess US troops Country unitesCountry unites Less censorshipLess censorship Improved educationImproved education Kabul rebuilt Kabul rebuilt

TheThe

EndEnd