advances in thermoplastic composite materials used … · advances in thermoplastic composite...
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ADVANCES IN THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS USED IN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
- March, 2016 -
Prof. Dr. Edson Cocchieri Botelho
Vice-Director of Faculty of Engineering
São Paulo State University - UNESP
www.unesp.br
Where we are?
Where we are?
Strategy:
Identify research groups with
similar or complementary expertise
than our groups
Cooperation agreements with
partner Universities
Find the more appropriate strategy
Students mobility
Professors mobility
Distance experimental activities
and scientific advice
Mission
Developing composite materials with aerospace application and create a team
with a reputation for outstanding teaching, innovative research and strong links
with industry
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND CARBON MATERIALS
GROUP
Team
- 9 Professors & Dr.
-11 PhD students
- 6 MSc students
- 14 undergraduated students
Main field
- Thermoplastic laminates
- Thermoset laminates
- Carbon/Carbon Composite Materiais
- metal-fiber laminates
Research focus in thermoplastic
composite materials
Our current research is focusing on these areas:
1 - Nanocomposite materials (including CNT and electrospping);
2- Structural and multifunctional composites (thermoplastic and metal-fiber);
3 – Environmental effects in thermoplastic composite materials.
Why thermoplastic composites??
Benefits
Unique properties
Vibration dampening
Light weight
Potential for low cost
Shelf life
Recyclable
DurabilityFatigue
Corrosion
Toughness
Limitations
CostMaterials
Manufacturing
Tooling
Design know-how
Manufacturing know-how
Use temperature
Production and functionalization of carbon nanotubes
- MWCNT were obtained from the
pyrolysis of a mixture of camphor
and ferrocene into a quartz tube
in 850 oC.
- This mixture was evaporated at
200 oC into a quartz tube in a tube
furnace with 200 sccm flow of
inert gas (N2).
- By using this process, the growth
of MWCNT was made at a rate of
15μm/min. The MWCNT were
produced with outside diameter
ranging from 50-100µm and
length of ~ 500mm
Edwards E. R., Antunes, E. F., Kostov, K. G., Botelho, E. C. Study of the interaction between carbon nanotubes
with TGDDM tetrafunctional resin and hardener DDS, Applied Surface Science, 258, 641-648, 2011.
Tubular furnace
Canphor and
ferrocene
Production and functionalization of carbon nanotubes
purified with HCl (36wt%)
Edwards E. R., Antunes, E. F., Kostov, K. G., Botelho, E. C. Study of the interaction between carbon nanotubes
with TGDDM tetrafunctional resin and hardener DDS, Applied Surface Science, 258, 641-648, 2011.
functionalized with H2SO4:HNO3
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
-C(=O)Cl
2096
698
(b)
698
974
2298
2298
2196
1695
1537
1537
Tra
nsm
itta
nce
(%
)
wavenumber (cm-1
)
974
(a)
Fig. b shows the
analysis performed on
MWCNT after
functionalization with
SOCl2. From this figure
can be observed the
appearance of a band
at 1695 cm-1
corresponding to the
functional group -
C(=O)Cl
Processing and characterization of thermoplastic composites with
carbon nanotubes
- Processing using extruder machine;
- Mechanical properties evaluation;
- Thermal properties evaluation;
- Electrical properties evaluation;
- Rheological properties evaluation
- RAM – radar absorbed material
MATRIX
- PA (polyamide)
- PP (polypropilene)
- PPS (poly(phenilene sulfide))
- PEI (poly(etherimide)
- PEEK (polyether-ether-ketone)
- PEKK (polyether-ketone-ketone)
PPS with 0.1wtCNT%
Processing and characterization of thermoplastic composites with
carbon nanotubes
m
T
T
dtdT
KX exp1
ln - ln 1- X T( )( )éë
ùû= lnK T( ) - mlnb
Crystallization kinetics
Ozawa modelling
Ribeiro, B. Hein, R. O., Costa, M. L., Potschke, P., Burkhart T., Botelho, E. C. Non-Isothermal Crystallization
Kinetic Study of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Poly(phenylene sulfide) Composites, Polymer Composites, 2016,
in press.
Processing and characterization of thermoplastic composites with
carbon nanotubes
Ribeiro, B. Hein, R. O., Costa, M. L., Potschke, P., Burkhart T., Botelho, E. C. Non-Isothermal Crystallization
Kinetic Study of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Poly(phenylene sulfide) Composites. Polymer Composites, 2016,
in press.
Nanofibers production using electrospinning
Eletrospinning of PolymersNanofibers production
Fibers
- PPS/ferrites
- PPS/carbon fibers
- PEI/ferrites
- PEI/carbon fibers
- PA
RAM
radar absorbed material
Processing and Characterization of thermoplastic composites
Studies
- Crystallization kinetics
- Environmental effect
- Salt spray
- UV radiation
- Thermal shock
- hygrothermal
- Mechanical properties
- Thermal properties
- Rheological properties
- Reinforcement surface treatments
Matrix
- PPS
- PEKK
- PEEK
- PEI
- PA
- PP
Processing and Characterization of thermoplastic composites
Environmental impact
PPS/glass fiber
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
Higrothermal conditioning
Seawater conditioning
Mo
istu
re a
bso
rptio
n (
%)
Immersion time (h)
Hygrothermal
conditioning UV conditioning
ILSS and Iosipescu tests.
Conditioning ult (MPa) – ILSS ult (MPa) - Iosipescu
Dry 39.9±0.8 97.4±2.9
UV (300 h) 39.6±0.4 96.4±1.4
UV (600 h) 39.0±0.7 94.4±1.8
UV (900 h) 38.9±0.8 94.3±1.8
Seawater 35.2±1.2 80.8±2.8
Hygrothermal 24.0±7.9 73.4±9.6
Batista, N. L., Faria, M. C. M. O., Iha, K,, Botelho, E. C. Influence of water immersion and UV weathering on
Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of PPS/carbon fiber composites. J. of Therm. Comp. Materials, 2015, vol.
28, p. 340-356.
Welding technologies for thermoplastic composites
Studies
- PEI/glass fibers and PEI/carbon fibers
- PPS/glass fibers and PPS/carbon fibers
- Different resistive elements (metal mesh, carbon fibers, …)
Brejão, S. D., Costa, M. L., Marlet, J. M. F., Hein, L. R. O., Abrahão, A. B. R. M., Botelho, E. C. Experimental
Investigation of Processing Welding Parameters for PPS/Carbon Fiber Laminates with Aeronautical Application.
Advanced Material Research, n° 1135, p. 62-74, 2016.
Welding technologies for thermoplastic composites
Brejão, S. D., Costa, M. L., Marlet, J. M. F., Hein, L. R. O., Abrahão, A. B. R. M., Botelho, E. C. Experimental
Investigation of Processing Welding Parameters for PPS/Carbon Fiber Laminates with Aeronautical Application.
Advanced Material Research, n° 1135, p. 62-74, 2016.
Welding processing
Metal-fiber laminates
ARALL – Aramid Reinforced Aluninum Laminate
GLARE – GLass Aluminum Reinforced
CARALL - CArbon Reinforced Aluminum Laminate
Titanium/carbon fiber/thermoplastic
STUDIES
- Environmental influence
- Mechanical properties
- Thermal properties
- Fracture Mechanics Evaluation
Silva, R. A., Botelho, E. C., Rezende, M. C. Experimental Investigation on the Impact BehavIor of Metal-Fiber
Laminates. Journal of Advanced Material, n° 42, p. 56-66, 2010.
Metal-fiber laminates
n
g ktMM /
Carbon fiber
Aluminum 2024-T3-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
weig
ht in
cre
ase (
%)
Exposure time (days square)
specimen 01
specimen 02
specimen 03CARALL
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0
-0,5
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
0,0
0,1
log
(M
T/M
e)
log t (weeks)
CARALL
Carbon Fiber/epoxy
Aluminum 2024-T3
Carbon Fiber/epoxy Carall Aluminum
N 0.51 0.43 0.006
K 0.20 ~ 0.19 -----
Diffusion Constants of Fickian model
Specimen ult (MPa) (%) E (GPa)
RTD CF/E 1160 37 1.74 0.06 67.2 2
ETW CF/E 999 39 1.51 0.05 64.0 3
RTD Carall 568 17 1.48 0.1 69.3 1
ETW Carall 547 15 1.46 0.1 68.4 1
Specimen ult (MPa) (%)
RTD CF/E 76026 13.00.4
ETW CF/E 70522 12.00.2
RTD Carall 38912 22.41.4
ETW Carall 36933 22.51.2
Tensile results Compression results
Silva, R. A., Botelho, E. C., Rezende, M. C. Experimental Investigation on the Impact BehavIor of Metal-Fiber
Laminates. Journal of Advanced Material, n° 42, p. 56-66, 2010.
Carbon fiber
poly-phenylene
sulfide/titanium/carbon fiber
(PPS)
epoxy/glass fiber/aluminum
Impact Test
Santos, A,. L., Nakazato, R. Z., Hyonny, K, Botelho, E. C. Mechancial Properties Evaluation of PEI-based Metal-
Fiber Laminates, Composite Structures, submitted, 2016..
Washington University
Case Western Reserve University
Purdue UniversityCalifornia University
In the future .....
University of Michigan
Thank you very much
Contact info:
Edson Cocchieri Botelho
Vice-Director of Faculty of Engineering
www.unesp.br