TAXONOMIC INDEX

Note: Page numbers followed by f and t indicate figures and tables, respectively.

AAaptos aaptos, 323Acanthella acuta, 30, 171–173Acanthella cannabina, 157fAcanthella sp., 30, 31, 156Acanthophora spicifera, 243Acanthostylotella, 160–161Acarnus nicoleae, 304fAciculites sp., 28Acrochaetium, 241fAcrochaetium spongicolum, 244–245Acropora cervicornis, 304fAcropora, 228, 256fAcropora nobilis, 309Acropora palmata, 228–229Adreus spp., 31–32, 92–93Agaricia tenuifolia, 304fAgelas, 29–30, 216f, 225–226, 248–249Agelas clathrodes, 220f, 246–249Agelas oroides, 121fAiolochroia, 150–152, 248–249Aiolochroia crassa, 246–248Aiptasia pallida, 243–244Aka coralliphaga, 255–256, 256f,

260, 309Aka mucosa, 304fAka xamaycaense, 255–256Alcyonium aurantium, 163tAlcyonium domuncula, 163tAlcyonium granulatum, 163tAlectona, 28–29, 122–123, 160Alectona millari, 28–29Amorphinopsis sp., 236Amphilectus fucorum, 163tAmphimedon, 152, 216f, 229Amphimedon compressa, 115, 117t, 119f,

229–230, 246–248, 296–297, 304fAmphimedon erina, 240

Amphimedon queenslandica, 48, 51, 53,55–56, 392

Amphimedon rubens, 163tAmphimedon spiculosa, 218Amphimedon viridis, 240, 255Amphinomia, 30Anamixis hanseni, 246–248Anchinoe paupertas, 169–170Anoxycalyx, 376–377Anoxycalyx joubini, 328–329Anthosigmella, 243–244Aphanocapsa feldmannii, 240–242, 241fAphanocapsa raspaigellae, 223, 241fAphrocallistes vastus, 17, 88–90,

131–133, 389–390Aphroceras, 47Aplysilla sulfurea, 121fAplysina, 149, 216f, 225–226, 229,

240–242, 323–324, 376–377Aplysina aerophoba, 120f, 123–124, 149,

163t, 289–290Aplysina cauliformis, 149, 251f, 259,

304f, 312, 315Aplysina cavernicola, 121f, 149, 173,

289–290Aplysina fistularis, 163t, 251f, 300,

302Aplysina fulva, 163t, 229–230, 239,

240–242, 247f, 296–297, 301–302Aplysina raspaigellae, 240–242Aplysinella, 150–152Archidoris montereyensis, 286f, 327Arothron hispidus, 291Ascaltis, 45Ascandra, 44–45, 139Asconema, 133Asterocheres reginae, 246–248Astrophorida sp., 88–90

421

422 Taxonomic Index

Astrosclera, 29–30Astrosclera willeyana, 352t, 356–357,

363, 369, 391Auletta, 157–159Auletta lyrata, 163tAulospongus, 30Austrobalanus imperator, 286fAxinella aruensis, 30, 156, 157–159Axinella cannabina, 30, 126–127, 163tAxinella cinnamomea, 163tAxinella corrugata, 30, 156Axinella damicornis, 30, 121f, 126–127,

156, 163t, 351–355, 352t, 376–377Axinella dissimilis, 30, 156, 157–159, 157fAxinella infundibuliformis, 156, 157–159Axinella polypoides, 30, 121f, 126–127,

157–159, 157fAxinella sp., 26, 30, 106, 124–125,

126–127, 156, 158f, 352tAxinella vaceleti, 126–127, 156,

157–159, 157fAxinella verrucosa, 30, 126–127, 163t,

351–355, 352tAxinyssa, 30, 31Axos cliftoni, 31–32

BBaikalispongia, 154Batzella, 259Beggiatoa sp., 250Biemma variantia, 173Biemna, 32–33Biemna caribea, 239–240Biemna ehrenbergi, 323Bubaris ammosclera, 322–323Bubaris carcisis, 171–173Bugula neritina, 285–287Burtonella, 47

CCacospongia, 307–308Calcaronea, 122fCalcifibrospongia actinostromarioides,

117tCalcinea, 122fCallyspongia, 25, 95–97, 216f, 229,

323–324

Callyspongia armigera, 312Callyspongia diffusa, 298–299Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa,

117tCallyspongia fallax, 360Callyspongia foliacea, 163tCallyspongia plicifera, 250Callyspongia tubulosa, 163tCallyspongia vaginalis, 103f, 104–105,

117t, 119f, 153f, 246–248, 247f,249–250, 300, 303–305, 313–315,360, 366t, 370

Callyspongia villosa, 163tCalthropella, 28Calyx, 236–237, 248–249Calyx nicaeensis, 163tCalyx podatypa, 236–237, 246–248Caminus, 171Carijoa, 303–305Carijoa riisei, 303–305, 315Carteriospongia flabellifera, 365, 366tCarteriospongia foliascens, 163tCaulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea,

285Caulerpa scalpelliformis, 285Caulerpa sp., 285, 330–331Caulophacus cyanae, 131–133Celtodoryx ciocalyptoides, 160–161Celtodoryx girardae, 160–161Centrostephanus rodgersii, 286fCeratodictyon spongiosum, 244–245,

306Ceratoporella nicholsoni, 29–30Cervicornia, 31, 243–244, 255Cervicornia cuspidifera, 221, 243–244,

254f, 255, 322–323Chalinula limbata, 117tChalinula molitba, 222Chalinula nematifera, 308–309Chalinula saudiensis, 117t, 119fCharacella, 28–29Chondrilla acanthastra, 151tChondrilla australiensis, 123–124, 150,

151t, 286fChondrilla caribensis, 150, 151t, 220f,

229–230, 241f, 242–243, 244, 286f,304f, 307–308, 309–312, 313

Taxonomic Index 423

Chondrilla euastra, 151tChondrilla grandistellata, 151tChondrilla hermatypica, 224–225Chondrilla jinensis, 151tChondrilla kilakaria, 151tChondrilla linnaei, 151tChondrilla mixta, 151tChondrilla montanusa, 151tChondrilla nucula, 104–105, 150, 151t,

224–225, 229–230, 240–243,310–312, 313, 352t, 355–356, 361,365, 366t, 377–378

Chondrilla oxyastera, 151tChondrilla pacifica, 151tChondrilla sacciformis, 151tChondrilla secunda, 151tChondrilla sp., 21, 24, 102–104,

149–150, 170, 240–242, 310–312,360, 365, 381

Chondrilla tenochca, 151tChondrilla verrucosa, 151tChondrosia reniformis, 104, 113, 116f,

121f, 123–124, 123f, 150, 163t,289–290, 357, 365, 377–378,388–389

Chondrosia sp., 21, 149–150, 170,289–290, 352t, 366t

Chondrocladia sp., 108fCinachyra sp., 323, 378–379Cinachyrella, 29, 155, 378–379Cinachyrella apion, 236Cinachyrella australiensis, 326Clathria coralloides, 163tClathria cratitia, 163tClathria prolifera, 163tClathria pyramida, 288Clathria rubicunda, 163tClathria schoenus, 240, 255, 286fClathria sp., 216f, 238f, 240, 309Clathria surculosa, 163tClathria venosa, 295–296Clathrina adusta, 134tClathrina africana, 134tClathrina alcatraziensis, 134tClathrina angraensis, 134tClathrina antofagastensis, 134tClathrina ascandroides, 134t

Clathrina aspina, 134tClathrina atlantica, 134tClathrina aurea, 115f, 134t, 137–138,

352tClathrina biscayae, 134tClathrina blanca, 376–377Clathrina brasiliensis, 134t, 352tClathrina broendstedi, 134tClathrina canariensis, 134tClathrina cancellata, 134tClathrina cerebrum, 134t, 137–138, 138f,

351–355, 352tClathrina ceylonesis, 134tClathrina chrysea, 134t, 137–138Clathrina cibrata, 134tClathrina clara, 134tClathrina clathrus, 18, 104, 115f, 134t,

137–138, 139, 351–355, 352t,360–361

Clathrina compacta, 134tClathrina conifera, 134tClathrina contorta, 122f, 134tClathrina corallicola, 134tClathrina cordata, 134tClathrina coriacea, 134t, 137–138Clathrina cylindractina, 134tClathrina decipiens, 134tClathrina densa, 134tClathrina dictyoides, 134tClathrina dubia, 134tClathrina fjordica, 134tClathrina gardineri, 134tClathrina helveola, 134tClathrina heronensis, 134tClathrina hirsuta, 134tClathrina hispanica, 134tClathrina hondurensis, 134tClathrina izuensis, 134tClathrina jorunnae, 134tClathrina laminoclathrata, 134tClathrina laxa, 134tClathrina luteoculcitella, 134t, 137–138Clathrina minoricensis, 134tClathrina multiformis, 134tClathrina mutsu, 134tClathrina nanseni, 134tClathrina panis, 134t

424 Taxonomic Index

Clathrina paracerebrum, 134tClathrina parva, 134tClathrina pelliculata, 134tClathrina primordialis, 134tClathrina procumbens, 134tClathrina quadriradiata, 134tClathrina reticulum, 134t, 138fClathrina rotunda, 134tClathrina rubra, 134tClathrina sagamiana, 134tClathrina sceptrum, 134tClathrina septentrionalis, 134tClathrina sinusarabica, 134tClathrina soyo, 134tClathrina sp., 44–45, 113, 115f,

133–134, 137–139, 176, 234f, 236Clathrina sueziana, 134tClathrina tenuipilosa, 134tClathrina tetractina, 134tClathrina tetrapodifera, 134tClathrina wistariensis, 134tClathrochone, 36, 37Cliona, 31, 237, 243–244Cliona amplicavata, 255–256, 256fCliona aprica, 222–223, 243–244,

255–256, 302Cliona caribbaea, 222–223, 243–244,

245–246, 255–256, 256f, 257, 302,304f

Cliona celata, 104–105, 352t, 357Cliona delitrix, 255–256, 256f, 300–301,

381, 383–384Cliona inconstans, 322–323Cliona orientalis, 298, 304fCliona schmidti, 255–256Cliona tenuis, 222–223, 243–244, 257,

302Cliona varians, 237, 241f, 243–244,246–248, 255–256, 302–303

Cliona viridis, 284–285, 286fCliothosa, 31Clypeatula cooperensis, 121fCoelosphaera biclavata, 218, 219fCollospongia auris, 365, 366tCornulum ciocalyptoides, 160–161Corticium acanthastrum, 141tCorticium bargibanti, 141t

Corticium candelabrum, 15f, 39f, 54f,141t, 144f

Corticium niger, 141tCorticium quadripartitum, 141tCorticium sp., 39–41, 128–130, 140, 228Corvomeyenia, 27–28Coscinoderma, 147Crambe acuata, 111fCrambe crambe, 49, 110, 111f, 285–287,

288–289, 330–331, 348, 366t, 368,369, 371, 379, 380–381, 383–384,388–389

Crambe sp., 111f, 259Crambe taillzei, 111fCraniella, 29, 155Crassostrea gigas, 160–161Crateromorpha meyeri, 59, 387Crella elegans, 121f, 390, 392Crella pulvinar, 114fCydonium, 28Cymbastela cantharella, 30, 157–159Cymbastela sp., 30, 156, 157–159Cymbastela stipitata, 30Cymbaxinella damicornis, 157fCymbaxinella verrucosa, 157f

DDactylocalyx, 37Delectona, 160Dendrilla membranosa, 163t, 286fDendroxea lenis, 115, 117t, 119fDepressogeodia, 28Dercitus, 28–29Desmanthus, 30, 171–173Desmanthus incrustans, 171–173, 229–230Desmapsamma, 312Desmapsamma anchorata, 229, 238f, 240,

300, 303–305, 307–308, 312Diacarnus, 32Dictyonella arenosa, 223Dictyonella funicularis, 223, 241fDictyonella incisa, 121fDictyonella obtusa, 171–173Dictyonella sp., 26, 30, 31, 156, 240–242Diplastrella, 31Diploria, 220f, 228–229, 238f, 257Diploria strigosa, 304f

Taxonomic Index 425

Discodermia dissoluta, 28Discodermia polymorpha, 108fDragmacidon, 30, 157–159Dragmacidon aff. mexicana, 157–159Dragmacidon reticulatum, 157–159Dragmatyle topsenti, 218Dragmaxia, 157–159Drosophila, 55–56Dysidea etheria, 227fDysidea granulosa, 290Dysidea janiae, 244–245Dysidea sp., 234–235, 307–308

EEchinodictyum fibrillosum, 163tEcionemia, 28, 111, 155Ectyoplasia, 30Ephydatia, 27, 58Ephydatia fluviatilis, 117t, 119f, 123f,

173, 348, 364, 389Ephydatia muelleri, 117t, 121f, 364Erylus, 111, 155, 171Erythropodium caribaeorum, 307–308Escherichia coli, 300–301Eunapius fragilis, 117t, 121fEurypon, 30Eurypon topsenti, 218

FFarrea occa, 88–90, 131–133Farrea sollasi, 122–123, 131–133Fasciospongia cellulosa, 163t

GGastrophanella, 171–173, 223–224Gastrophanella cavernicola, 221f,

223–224Geodia cavernicola, 229–230Geodia cydonium, 121f, 388–390Geodia gibberosa, 95–97, 229–230Geodia implexa, 229–230Geodia neptuni, 313Geodia papyracea, 242–243, 250, 251f,

318–319Geodia sp., 28, 89f, 111, 113, 171,240–242, 241f, 313, 325

Gobiosoma cf. xanthiprora, 247f

Grantessa, 46Grantia, 46Grantia cinnamomea, 163tGrantia compressa, 163tGuancha, 139Guancha lacunosa, 138fGymnodinium microadriaticum, 241f,

243–244Gymnodinium sp., 241f, 243–244

HHalecium bermudense, 245–246Halichondria cartilaginea, 163tHalichondria cf. poa, 236–237Halichondria fastigiata, 163tHalichondria magniconulosa, 239–240Halichondria mamillaris, 167Halichondria okadai, 379Halichondria panicea, 97–98, 163t, 284,

286f, 290, 326–327, 348, 352t,355–356

Halichondria papillaris, 163tHalichondria sp., 324–325Halichondria suberosa, 163tHaliclona caerulea, 255, 283–284,

288–289, 306, 326–327Haliclona cervicornis, 163tHaliclona cinerea, 327Haliclona (Reniera) cinerea, 117tHaliclona curacaoensis, 239–240Haliclona cymaeformis, 244–245,

306Haliclona (Gellius) cymaeformis, 163tHaliclona (Haliclona) fistulosa, 117tHaliclona flava, 163tHaliclona forcellata, 163tHaliclona fulva, 117t, 153fHaliclona implexiformis, 236, 239–240,

242–243, 322Haliclona (Reniera) indistincta, 117tHaliclona magnifica, 220f, 236Haliclona manglaris, 239–240Haliclona mediterranea, 121f, 153f, 173Haliclona (Reniera) mediterranea, 117tHaliclona mucosa, 119fHaliclona (Soestella) mucosa, 117tHaliclona oculata, 117t, 163t

426 Taxonomic Index

Haliclona permollis, 327Haliclona pseudomolitba, 222Haliclona (Gellius) rava, 117tHaliclona (Rhizoniera) rosea, 117tHaliclona sarai, 115Haliclona (Reniera) sarai, 117tHaliclona (Haliclona) simulans, 117tHaliclona sp., 95–97, 152, 177, 216f,

222, 229, 234–235, 283–284, 309,366t, 368, 382

Haliclona spiculosa, 218Haliclona tenerrima, 218Haliclona tubifera, 233–234, 254fHaliclona typica, 163tHaliclona walentinae, 240–242Halimeda, 216f, 229Halisarca dujardini, 104–105, 123–124,

150, 352t, 356Halisarca harmelini, 104–105, 352t, 356Halisarca laxus, 380Halisarca spp., 24, 115, 149, 150, 170,

236–237, 352t, 356Hamacantha falcula, 89fHaplodoris nodulosa, 286f, 288Haplosyllis spongicola, 246Hemimycale, 113Hemimycale columella, 114f, 379Heterochone calyx, 88–90Heteropia, 46Hexactinellida sp., 85, 88–90, 89fHexadella, 21, 115f, 150–152Hexadella cf. detritifera, 352tHexadella cf. pruvoti, 352t, 357–359Hexadella detritifera, 104, 352t, 357–359Hexadella pruvoti, 113, 115f, 120f, 121fHexadella racovitzai, 113, 115fHexadella spp., 116–119, 352t, 357–359Hippospongia, 252–253, 289, 323–324Hippospongia communis, 121fHippospongia gossypina, 218, 250–252,

253fHippospongia lachne, 218, 250–252Holocanthus passer, 306Holocanthus tricolor, 303–305Holoxea, 111Homaxinella, 328Homaxinella balfourensis, 328

Hyalonema, 95–97Hyaloplacoida, 37Hyatella, 248–249Hyatella intestinalis, 248–249Hyattella cavernosa, 163tHyattella pertusa, 163tHyattella sinuosa, 163tHymedesmia paupertas, 169–170Hymedesmia spp., 379Hymeniacidon, 248–249, 368Hymeniacidon caerulea, 315, 317Hymeniacidon flavia, 366t, 368Hymeniacidon glabrata, 218Hymeniacidon perlevis, 290Hymeniacidon sanguinea, 290, 366tHymeniacidon sinapium, 348, 368Hymerhabdia typica, 30Hyrtios sp., 229, 246–248Hyrtios violaceus, 240–243

IIanthella, 150–152Ianthella basta, 163tIanthella flabelliformis, 163tIotrochota, 216f, 229Iotrochota arenosa, 223–224Iotrochota birotulata, 223–224, 229–230,

239, 246–248, 296–297, 303–305Iotrochota membranosa, 163tIphiteon, 35, 37Iphiteon panicea, 17, 34–35Ircinia, 148, 229, 240–242, 323–324Ircinia fasciculata, 167–168, 289Ircinia felix, 302Ircinia solida, 163tIrcinia strobilina, 246, 247fIrcinia variabilis, 168Isodictya compressa, 163tIsodictya frondosa, 163tIsodictya palmata, 163t

JJania adhaerens, 244–245, 283–284,

288–289Jania capillacea, 244–245Japsis, 111Johannesia, 31

Taxonomic Index 427

LLactophrys bicaudalis (L.), 239–240Lamellodysidea chlorea, 301–302Lamellomorpha, 111Latrunculia sp., 352t, 380L. barana, 246–248Leiodermatium lynceus, 171–173Lendenfeldia plicata, 163tLeucaltis, 44–45Leucandra, 46Leucetta, 44–45Leucetta chagosensis, 18, 366t,

369Leucetta imberbis, 246–248Leucettusa, 44–45Leuconia, 122fLeucosolenia sp., 45–46Leucothoe ashleyae, 246–248Leucothoe sp., 247fL. garifunae, 246–248Lissodendoryx, 224, 229, 240,

248–249Lissodendoryx colombiensis, 220f, 238f,

240, 247f, 286f, 325Lissodendoryx isodictyalis, 224,

234f, 236, 239, 242–243,246–248

Lissodendoryx strongylata,255

Lithobactrum, 171–173L. kensleyi, 246–248Lophocalyx spp., 376–377L. saron, 246–248Lubomirskia, 154Lubomirskia baikalensis, 163tL. ubouhu, 246–248Lyngbia, 320–321Lysmata pederseni, 247f, 248

MManicina, 229Melosira sp., 328–329Merlia, 110Merlia deficiens, 110Merlia lipoclavidisca, 110Merlia normani, 110Merlia tenuis, 110

Microciona prolifera, 121fMicrociona spp., 379Millepora, 229Monanchora, 216f, 259Monanchora arbuscula, 245–246,

259Monanchora barbadensis, 245–246Monorhaphis, 37Monorhaphis chuni, 387Montastraea, 228–229, 238f, 257,

305–306Montastraea annularis, 303, 304fMontipora capitata, 308–309Murrayona phanolepsis, 136Mycale, 95–97, 216fMycale acerata, 286f, 328–329Mycale cecilia, 298–299Mycale citrina, 220fMycale contarenii, 376–377Mycale fibrexilis, 121fMycale grandis, 308–309Mycale hentscheli, 286f, 288Mycale laevis, 238f, 249–250,

286f, 303, 304f, 305–306Mycale laxissima, 241f, 244–245,

246–248, 296, 303Mycale magniraphidifera,

233–234Mycale microsigmatosa, 236–237,

295–296Mycale parishi, 298–299Myceliospongia, 115Myriastra kallitetilla, 313Myrmekioderma granulatum, 163t

NNeamphius, 28–29, 160Negombata, 32Nematostella vectensis, 55Neofibularia, 240–242Neofibularia nolitangere, 216f, 229Neopetrosia exigua, 301–302Neopetrosia subtriangularis, 240–242,

248–249, 301–302Niphates, 248–249, 251fNiphates digitalis, 117t, 246, 250, 251f,

303–305

428 Taxonomic Index

Niphates erecta, 246–248, 304f, 383Nitrosomonas spp., 242–243

OOceanapia peltata, 255Oceanapia spp., 248–249, 255, 322–323Odontaster validus, 286fOligoceras, 240–242Oligoceras violacea, 242–243Oopsacas minuta, 33, 53, 108f, 122–123,

123f, 131–133, 132fOphiactis, 249–250Ophiothrix fragilis, 288–289Ophiothrix, 249–250Ophiothrix lineata, 247f, 249–250Ophiraphidites, 157–159Oreaster, 238f, 324Oreaster reticulatus, 223–224,

238f, 240, 286f, 310–312, 315, 324,325

O. reticulatus, 239Oscarella balibaloi, 103f, 128–130, 141t,

144f, 146fOscarella carmela, 141tOscarella cruenta, 141tOscarella imperialis, 141t, 146fOscarella kamchatkensis, 141tOscarella lobularis, 56, 104, 123f,

128–130, 139, 140–143, 141t, 146f,352t, 355, 378

Oscarella malakhovi, 141tOscarella membranacea, 141tOscarella microlobata, 128–130, 141t, 146fOscarella nigraviolacea, 141tOscarella ochreacea, 141tOscarella rubra, 141tOscarella sp., 39–42, 58, 102–104,

128–130, 139, 140, 145tOscarella stillans, 141tOscarella tenuis, 141tOscarella tuberculata, 113, 128–130,

140–143, 141t, 144f, 146f, 352t, 355,378

Oscarella viridis, 141t, 144f, 146fOscillatoria spongeliae, 240–242, 241fOstreobium, 241fOstreobium cf. constrictum, 244–245

PPachastrella, 28Pachastrella ovisternata, 95–97Pachychalina, 248–249Pachymatisma, 171Pachymatisma johnstonia, 95–98, 113,

352t, 356–357Pachymatisma normani, 352t, 356–357Pachymatisma reniformis, 352tPagurus sp., 324–325Paracentrotus lividus, 286f, 288Paradesmanthus, 171–173Paraheteropia, 46Paraleucilla magna, 348, 366t, 373–374,

382, 383–384Paramurrayona, 47Pararhaphoxya, 157–159Parasyringella, 30Parazoanthus, 245–246, 256fParazoanthus parasiticus, 246, 247f,

303–305Parazoanthus swiftii, 303–305Penares, 155Penicillus, 229Pericharax heteroraphis, 366t,

368–369Perknaster fuscus, 286f, 329Petrobiona massiliana, 45–46, 136Petromica, 171–173Petrosia clavata, 163t, 352tPetrosia ficiformis, 113, 116f, 117t,

122–123, 163t, 352t, 390Petrosia pellasarca, 244Petrosia trilopha, 352tPhakellia, 26, 30, 157–159Phakellia crateriformis, 163tPhakellia ventilabrum, 157–159Phorbas fictitius, 114f, 366t, 370, 371Phorbas paupertas, 169–170Phorbas tenacior, 113, 114f, 121fPhorbas topsenti, 113, 114f, 169–170Phormidium spongeliae, 240–242, 241fPhycopsis, 157–159Phyllospongia alcicornis, 163t, 365, 366tPhyllospongia lamellosa, 163t, 365, 366tPhyllospongia papyracea, 163tPione, 31

Taxonomic Index 429

Pipestela, 157–159Placinolopha, 39–40, 41–42, 140Placinolopha acantholopha, 141tPlacinolopha bedoti, 141tPlacinolopha europae, 141tPlacinolopha moncharmonti, 141tPlacinolopha sarai, 141tPlacinolopha spinosa, 141tPlacospongia, 31, 258f, 356–357, 363Placospongia carinata, 229–230Plakina atka, 141tPlakina australis, 141tPlakina bioxea, 141tPlakina bowerbanki, 141tPlakina brachylopha, 141tPlakina corticioides, 141tPlakina corticolopha, 141tPlakina crypta, 141tPlakina dilopha, 141tPlakina elisa, 141tPlakina endoumensis, 141t, 352tPlakina fragilis, 141tPlakina jamaicensis, 141tPlakina jani, 40–41, 141t, 352tPlakina microlobata, 141tPlakina monolopha, 141tPlakina pacifica, 141tPlakina reducta, 141tPlakina sp., 39–41, 128–130, 140, 352t,

355, 360, 361Plakinastrella, 39–41, 140Plakinastrella ceylonica, 141tPlakinastrella clathrata, 141tPlakinastrella copiosa, 141tPlakinastrella mammillaris, 141tPlakinastrella microspiculifera, 141tPlakinastrella minor, 141tPlakinastrella mixta, 141tPlakinastrella onkodes, 141tPlakinastrella oxeata, 141tPlakinastrella polysclera, 141tPlakinastrella trunculifera, 141tPlakina tanaga, 141tPlakina tetralopha, 141tPlakina tetralophoides, 141tPlakina topsenti, 141tPlakina trilopha, 40–41, 141t, 352t, 355

Plakina versatilis, 141tPlakina weinbergi, 141tPlakortis, 39–41, 140, 216fPlakortis albicans, 141tPlakortis angulospiculata, 141tPlakortis bergquistae, 141tPlakortis communis, 141tPlakortis copiosa, 141tPlakortis erythraena, 141tPlakortis fromontae, 141tPlakortis galapagensis, 141tPlakortis halichondrioides, 141t, 242–243Plakortis halichondroides, 309Plakortis hooperi, 141tPlakortis insularis, 141tPlakortis japonica, 141tPlakortis kenyensis, 141tPlakortis lita, 141tPlakortis microrhabdifera, 141tPlakortis nigra, 141tPlakortis quasiamphiaster, 141tPlakortis simplex, 141tPlakortis zyggompha, 141tPlatygyra daedalea, 304fPlectroninia, 45–46Plectroninia neocaledoniense, 45–46Pleraplysilla spinifera, 121fPlocamionida ambigua, 352t, 357–359Plocamionida grandichela, 352tPlocamionida microcionides, 352tPlocamionida spp., 352t, 357–359Plocamionida tornata, 352tPlocamionida tylotata, 352tPocillopora sp., 308–309Poecillastra, 28, 155, 171Poecillastra compressa, 89f, 113Poliopogon amadou, 88–90Polymastia biclavata, 218Polymastia penicillus, 376–377Polymastia spp., 31, 120, 323Polymastia tenax, 313Polysiphonia sp., 250, 251fPomacanthus, 310–312, 313–315Pomacanthus arcuatus L, 239Porites, 216f, 305–306Porites astreoides, 304fPorites compressa, 308–309

430 Taxonomic Index

Porites lutea, 309Prosuberites epiphytum, 378Prosuberites laughlini, 30Psammastra conulosa, 108fPsammocinia sp., 148, 173–175Pseudaxinella, 242–243Pseudaxinella zeai, 222–223Pseudoceratina, 24–25, 246–249Pseudoceratina crassa, 246–248Pseudocorticium, 39–42, 140Pseudocorticium jarrei, 128–130, 141t,

144fPseudospongosorites suberitoides, 324–325Ptilocaulis gracilis, 157–159Ptilocaulis sp., 26, 30, 156, 157–159Pyllodesmium poindemieri, 303–305Pyura spinifera, 380

RRadiella sol, 218Raspailia, 30Reniera flava, 163tReniera forcellata, 163tReniera typica, 163tReniochalina, 26, 30, 157–159Reniochalina stalagmites, 157–159Rhabdastrella, 28, 109, 155Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, 131–133Rhizophora mangle L, 229, 232, 243Rhopaloeides odorabile, 298–299, 366t,

369Ricordea florida, 307–308Rossella, 378f

SSagaminopteron nigropunctatum, 290Sarcotragus fasciculatus, 163tSarcotragus spinosulum, 289Sarostegia, 35–36Schizothrix, 320–321Scleritoderma sp., 171–173Scolymastra joubini, 328–329Scopalina, 32–33, 176, 216f, 218,

226–228, 234–235, 360Scopalina blanensis, 281, 352t, 357, 358f,

360–361Scopalina canariensis, 352t, 357, 360–361

Scopalina ceutensis, 352t, 357, 360–361Scopalina lophyropoda, 173, 281,

285–287, 288, 348, 352t, 357, 358f,360–361, 366t, 370, 371, 373,374–375, 379, 381–382, 383–384,394

Scopalina ruetzleri, 227f, 236, 243Scopalina sp., 281Sidonops neptuni, 313Siphonidium, 171–173Siphonidium ramosum, 171–173Siphonodictyon coralliphagum, 260Sollasella, 30Sparisoma aurofrenatum, 305–306Sparisoma viride, 305–306Spheciospongia, 31, 243–244, 248–249,

255Spheciospongia cuspidifera, 221Spheciospongia vesparium, 221, 229, 254f,

300, 323–324Spiculidendron corallicolum, 257–258,

258fSpirastrella, 31, 120, 216fSpirastrella coccinea, 229–230Spirastrella mollis, 236–237Spongia, 242–243, 252–253, 289Spongia agaricina, 163t, 168–169, 348,

382Spongia baikalensis, 163tSpongia basta, 163tSpongia cannabina, 163tSpongia cartilaginea, 163tSpongia cavernosa, 163tSpongia cellulosa, 163tSpongia cervicornis, 163tSpongia ciliata, 163tSpongia clavata, 163tSpongia compressa, 163tSpongia coralloides, 163tSpongia crateriformis, 163tSpongia cratitia, 163tSpongia crispata, 163tSpongia cymaeformis, 163tSpongia damicornis, 163tSpongia fasciculata, 163t, 167–168Spongia fastigiata, 163tSpongia fibrillosa, 163t

Taxonomic Index 431

Spongia ficiformis, 163tSpongia fistularis, 163tSpongia flabelliformis, 163tSpongia floribunda, 163tSpongia foliacea, 163tSpongia foliascens, 163tSpongia frondosa, 163tSpongia fruticosa, 163tSpongia fucorum, 163tSpongia fulva, 163tSpongia graminea, 218Spongia lactuca, 163tSpongia lamella, 168–169, 169f, 348,

366t, 372, 382, 383–384Spongia lamellosa, 163tSpongia lichenoides, 163tSpongia linteiformis, 163tSpongia lyrata, 163tSpongia membranosa, 163tSpongia muricata, 163tSpongia nicaeensis, 163tSpongia obliqua, 246–248Spongia obscura, 239–240Spongia oculata, 163tSpongia officinalis, 121f, 173, 348, 366t,

372, 382, 383–384Spongia officinalis subsp. obliqua, 246–248Spongia panicea, 163tSpongia papillaris, 163tSpongia papyracea, 163tSpongia penicillus, 167Spongia pertusa, 163tSpongia plicata, 163tSpongia polychotoma, 163tSpongia prolifera, 163tSpongia rigida, 163tSpongia rubens, 163tSpongia rubicunda, 163tSpongia sinuosa, 163tSpongia solida, 163tSpongia sp., 326, 372Spongia stuposa, 163tSpongia suberosa, 163tSpongia surculosa, 163tSpongia thienemanni, 168–169Spongia tubulifera, 216f, 233–234, 235Spongia tubulosa, 163t

Spongia tupha, 163tSpongia verrucosa, 163tSpongia villosa, 163tSpongilla, 27Spongilla lacustris, 117t, 121fSpongionella puchella, 108fSpongosorites genitrix, 121fStelletta, 28, 92–93, 95–97, 111, 155Stelletta kallitetilla, 313Stelletta pumex, 163tStelligera, 31–32Stelligera stuposa, 163tStromatospongia vermicola, 29–30Strombus gigas, 228–229Strongylacidon griseum, 244–245Stylissa, 30Stylocordyla borealis, 104, 378–379Stylocordyla chupachups, 378–379Suberites aurantiacus, 236–237Suberites domuncula, 163t, 379, 387, 389,

390–392Suberites ficus, 121f, 351–355, 352t,

379Suberites massa, 163tSuberites pagurorum, 352tSuberites rubrus, 352tSulcastrella, 171–173Svenzea, 32–33, 218, 222–223,

226–228Svenzea zeai, 241f, 242–243,

246–248Sycettusa, 46Sycon calcaravis, 49Sycon capricorn, 46Sycon ciliatum, 46, 163tSyconessa, 46Sycon humboldti, 163tSycon sp., 46, 58, 233–234, 234fSycon sycandra, 122fSyllis mayeri, 246, 247fSympagella nux, 17Synalpheus, 248–249Synalpheus regalis, 247f, 248–249Synalpheus vesparium, 248–249Synechococcus spongiarum, 240–242,

301–302Synute, 47

432 Taxonomic Index

TTectitethya, 254f, 255Tectitethya crypta, 254f, 255, 296,

322–323Tedania, 32, 216f, 225–226, 229,

234–235Tedania anhelans, 218, 286fTedania ignis, 218, 223–224, 226–228,

233–234, 236–237, 239–240,242–243, 245–248, 278–279, 281,320

Tedania klausi, 220f, 223–224, 236–237,281, 286f, 324

Teichonopsis, 46Tentorium semisuberites, 108fTerpios hoshinota, 304f, 309–312Terpios sp., 222, 310Tetilla japonica, 121fTethia pumex, 163tTethya aurantium, 163t, 387Tethya leysae, 109fTethya spp., 107, 352t, 376–377Tetilla sp., 29, 155, 378–379, 391Thalassia, 228–229Thalysias cratitia, 163tThenea muricata, 376–377Theonella sp., 28Tethya aurantium, 352tTethya citrina, 352tThoosa, 28–29Thymosia, 24, 149–150, 170Thymosiopsis, 24, 115, 149–150, 170Timea, 92–93Trachycladus, 31–32Tretopleura, 37Trikentrion muricatum, 163tTriptolemma, 28

Turritopsoides brehmeri, 245–246Tylodina perversa, 290Typton cameus, 324

UUlosa, 223Ulosa ruetzleri, 243Ulosa stuposa, 163tUte, 47Ute ampullacea, 46

VVaceletia, 23, 149, 170Vaceletia crypta, 123f, 149Verongula, 24–25Verongula gigantea, 296Verongula rigida, 163tVetulina, 27–28Vetulina stalactites, 171–173Volvox spp., 57Vosmaeria, 31Vulcanella, 28–29, 155, 171

XXestospongia, 216f, 225–226, 229,

240–242, 248–249, 359Xestospongia bocatorensis, 240–242Xestospongia exigua, 301–302Xestospongia muta, 227f, 244, 250, 359,

360, 366t, 370, 371, 389Xestospongia subtriangularis, 248–249Xestospongia testudinaria, 153f

ZZuzalpheus, 248–249Zygomycale parishi, 298–299