advance java interview questions

8/2/2019 Advance Java Interview Questions

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1)What is the functionality of web server? What are servlets?

Answer 1)

Web server that provides services to remote clients has two main

responsibilities:-The first is to handle network connections; the second is to create a response

to be sent back.

The first task involves programming at the socket level, extractinginformation from request messages, and implementing client-server protocols,

such as HTTP.

The second task, creating the response, they have to create the responsedynamically, which may involve complicated tasks, such as retrieving data

from the database, applying business rules and presenting the output in theformats desired by different clients.

Obviously, we cannot write a single program that handles all these tasks.

Furthermore, what if a new functionality has to be added? What if the data


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format changes? Modifying the source files (especially after the developer has

left!) to add new code is surely the last thing we want to do.Well, there is a better design for these kinds of servers: divide the code into

two executable parts

One that handles the network -----that part is called as web server and one

that provides the application logic------ that part is called as Servlet and letthe two executables have a standard interface between them. This kind of

separation makes it possible to modify the code in the application logic

without affecting the network module, as long as we follow the rules of theinterface.

Servlets are the separate executable modules that can be loaded into itsmemory and initialized only oncewhen the server starts up. Each request

can then be served by the already in-memory and ready-to-serve copy of theservlet. In java Servlets are written using servlet API.

2) Explain diff between static and dynamic programming with an example?

3)

4) Why URL and port are required?

5) Explain servlet and jsp lifecycle?

Answer5)

Life-cycle methods of the JSP are:a) jspInit(): The container calls the jspInit() to initialize the servlet instance.

It is called before any other method, and is called only once for a servlet

instance.b)jspService(): The container calls the _jspservice() for each request and it

passes the request and the response objects. _jspService() method cant be

overridden.

c) jspDestroy(): The container calls this when its instance is about todestroyed.The jspInit() and jspDestroy() methods can be overridden within a JSP page.


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6)Identify the advantages of JSP over Servlet.

Answer 6:

a) Embedding of Java code in HTML pagesb) Platform independence

c) Creation of database-driven Web applicationsd) Server-side programming capabilities

Answer :- Embedding of Java code in HTML pages

Write the following code for a JSP page:

RESULT PAGE

Suppose you access this JSP file, Find out your answer.

a) A blank page will be displayed.

b) A page with the text Welcome is displayedc) An exception will be thrown because the implicit out object is not used

d) An exception will be thrown because PrintWriter can be used in servlets

only

Answer :- A page with the text Welcome is displayed

2) Explain MVC architecture with an example?

3) What is difference between socket programming and rmi?

4) What is the use of rmi registry?


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Js p Questions

Question:1 What is JSP Custom tags?

Answer:1 JSP Custom tags are user defined JSP language element. JSP

custom tags are user defined tags that can encapsulate common functionality.For example you can write your own tag to access the database and

performing database operations. You can also write custom tag for

encapsulate both simple and complex behaviors in an easy to use syntax andgreatly simplify the readability of JSP pages.

Question:2 What is JSP?

Answer:2 JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology is the Java platformtechnology for delivering dynamic content to web clients in a portable,

secure and well-defined way. The JavaServer Pages specification extends

the Java Servlet API to provide web application developers

Question:3 What is the role of JSP in MVC Model?

Answer:3 JSP is mostly used to develop the user interface, It plays are role

of View in the MVC Model.

Question:4 What do you understand by context initialization parameters?

Answer:4 The context-param element contains the declaration of a web

application's servlet context initialization parameters.

name

value

The Context Parameters page lets you manage parameters that are

accessed through the ServletContext.getInitParameterNames and

ServletContext.getInitParameter methods.

Question:5 Can you extend JSP technology?

Answer:5 JSP technology lets the programmer to extend the jsp to make the

programming more easier. JSP can be extended and custom actions and taglibraries can be developed.

Question:6 What do you understand by JSP translation?Answer:6JSP translators generate standard Java code for a JSP page

implementation class. This class is essentially a servlet class wrapped withfeatures for JSP functionality.

Question:7 What you can stop the browser to cash your page?

Answer:7Instead of deleting a cache, you can force the browser not to


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catch the page.

put the above code in your page.

Question8: What you will handle the runtime exception in your jsp page?

Answer:8 The errorPage attribute of the page directive can be used to

catch run-time exceptions automatically and then forwarded to an errorprocessing page.

For example:

above code forwards the request to "customerror.jsp" page if an uncaughtexception is encountered during request processing. Within

"customerror.jsp", you must indicate that it is an error-processing page, via

the directive: .

Question9:Diffrence between forward and sendredirect?

Answer:9 1)The element forwards the request objectcontaining the client request information from one JSP file to another file.

The target file can be an HTML file, another JSP file, or a servlet, as long

as it is in the same application context as the forwarding JSP file.sendRedirect sends HTTP temporary redirect response to the browser, and

browser creates a new request to go the redirected page. The

response.sendRedirect kills the session variables.

Question 10:Define and explain in short jsp implicit objects?


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Answer:10)Implicit objects are the objects available to the JSP page.

These objects are created by Web container and contain informationrelated to a particular request, page, or application. The JSP implicit

objects are:

Variable Class Description

application javax.servlet.ServletContextThe context for the JSP page's servlet

any Web components contained in the

application.

config javax.servlet.ServletConfigInitialization information for the JSP p

servlet.

exception java.lang.Throwable Accessible only from an error page

out javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter The output stream.

page java.lang.Object The instance of the JSP page's servl

processing the current request. Not typ

used by JSP page authors.

pageContext javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext

The context for the JSP page. Provide

single API to manage the various scopattributes.

requestSubtype of

javax.servlet.ServletRequest

The request triggering the execution of

JSP page.

responseSubtype of

javax.servlet.ServletResponse

The response to be returned to the clien

typically used by JSP page authors

session javax.servlet.http.HttpSession The session object for the client.

Question 11) What is the difference between

and ?

Answer:11) Both the tag includes the information from one page in

another. The differences are as follows:

: This is like a function call from one jsp toanother jsp. It is executed (the included page is executed and the

generated html content is included in the content of calling jsp) each timethe client page is accessed by the client. This approach is useful to formodularizing the web application. If the included file changed then the

new content will be included in the output.

: In this case the content of the included file is

textually embedded in the page that have


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directive. In this case in the included file changes, the changed content

will not included in the output. This approach is used when the code fromone jsp file required to include in multiple jsp files.

Question 12)What types of comments are available in the JSP?

Answer:12) There are two types of comments are allowed in the JSP.These are hidden and output comments. A hidden comments does not

appear in the generated output in the html, while output comments appear

in the generated output.Example of hidden comment:

also called as jsp comment

Example of output comment: also called as html comment

Question 13) What do you understand by JSP Actions?

Answer:13 JSP actions are XML tags that direct the server to use existing

components or control the behavior of the JSP engine. JSP Actions consist

of a typical (XML-based) prefix of "jsp" followed by a colon, followed bythe action name followed by one or more attribute parameters.

There are six JSP Actions:

Question 14)What is expression in JSP?

Answer: 14 Expression tag is used to insert Java values directly into the

output. Syntax for the Expression tag is:

An expression tag contains a scripting language expression that is

evaluated, converted to a String, and inserted where the expression appears

in the JSP file. The following expression tag displays time on the output:


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Question 15) What types of comments are available in the JSP?

Answer:15 There are two types of comments are allowed in the JSP. Theseare hidden and output comments. A hidden comments does not appear in

the generated output in the html, while output comments appear in thegenerated output.

Example of hidden comment:

Example of output comment:

Question 16) What is JSP declaration?

Answer:16) JSP Decleratives are the JSP tag used to declare variables.

Declaratives are enclosed in the tag and ends in semi-colon. Youdeclare variables and functions in the declaration tag and can use

anywhere in the JSP. Here is the example of declaratives:

Values of Cnt are:

Question 17): What is JSP Scriptlet?

Answer:17 JSP Scriptlet is jsp tag which is used to enclose java code in theJSP pages. Scriptlets begins with tag. Java code

written inside scriptletexecutes every time the JSP is invoked.

Example:


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Question 18): What are the types of Servlet?

Answer:18 There are two types of servlets, GenericServlet and HttpServlet.

GenericServlet defines the generic or protocol independent servlet.HttpServlet is subclass of GenericServlet and provides some http specific

functionality like doGet and doPost methods.

Question 19): What are the differences between HttpServlet and GenericServlets?

Answer:19 HttpServlet Provides an abstract class to be subclassed to createan HTTP servlet suitable for a Web site. A subclass of HttpServlet mustoverride at least one method, usually one of these:

doGet, if the servlet supports HTTP GET requests

doPost, for HTTP POST requests

doPut, for HTTP PUT requests

doDelete, for HTTP DELETE requests

init and destroy, to manage resources that are held for the life of theservlet

getServletInfo, which the servlet uses to provide information aboutitself

There's almost no reason to override the service method. service handles

standard HTTP requests by dispatching them to the handler methods for each

HTTP request type (the doXXX methods listed above). Likewise, there'salmost no reason to override the doOptions and doTrace methods.

GenericServlet defines a generic, protocol-independent servlet. To write an

HTTP servlet for use on the Web, extend HttpServlet instead.

GenericServlet implements the Servlet and ServletConfig interfaces.GenericServlet may be directly extended by a servlet, although it's more

common to extend a protocol-specific subclass such as HttpServlet.

GenericServlet makes writing servlets easier. It provides simple versions ofthe lifecycle methods init and destroy and of the methods in the ServletConfig


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interface. GenericServlet also implements the log method, declared in the

ServletContext interface.

To write a generic servlet, you need only override the abstract service

method.

Question 20): Differentiate between Servlet and Applet.

Answer:20 Servlets are server side components that execute on the server

whereas applets are client side components and executes on the web browser.

Applets have GUI interface but there is not GUI interface in case of Servlets.

Question 21): Differentiate between Get and Post method?

Answer:21

Get request sends the data to the server by appending it to URL as part ofquery string

For e.g.: http://localhost:8080/HelloWorld/Hello?

name=Nama&surname=marathe

Post request sends the data as par of message body.

Use GET:

To retrieve an HTML file or an image file, because only the filename needsto be sent.

Use POST: To send a lot of data; for example, POST is well suited for an online survey,

since the length of the query string may exceed 255 characters.
http://localhost:8080/HelloWorld/Hello?name=Nama&surname=marathehttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorld/Hello?name=Nama&surname=marathehttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorld/Hello?name=Nama&surname=marathehttp://localhost:8080/HelloWorld/Hello?name=Nama&surname=marathe


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To upload a file, because the file size may exceed 255 characters, and

moreover, the file may be a binary file. To capture the username and password, because we want to prevent users

from seeing the password as a part of the URL.

Question 22) What are methods of HttpServlet?Answer:22 The methods of HttpServlet class are :

* doGet() is used to handle the GET, conditional GET, and HEAD requests

* doPost() is used to handle POST requests* doPut() is used to handle PUT requests

* doDelete() is used to handle DELETE requests

* doOptions() is used to handle the OPTIONS requests and* doTrace() is used to handle the TRACE requests

Question 23) What are the advantages of Servlets over CGI programs?

Answer:23 Java Servlets have a number of advantages over CGI and otherAPI's. They are:

Platform Independence

Java Servlets are 100% pure Java, so it is platform independence. It can

run on any Servlet enabled web server. For example if you develop an webapplication in windows machine running Java web server. You can easily

run the same on apache web server (if Apache Serve is installed) withoutmodification or compilation of code. Platform independency of servlets

provide a great advantages over alternatives of servlets.

PerformanceDue to interpreted nature of java, programs written in java are slow. Butthe java servlets runs very fast. These are due to the way servlets run on

web server. For any program initialization takes significant amount of time.

But in case of servlets initialization takes place very first time it receives arequest and remains in memory till times out or server shut downs. After

servlet is loaded, to handle a new request it simply creates a new threadand runs service method of servlet. In comparison to traditional CGI scripts

which creates a new process to serve the request. This intuitive method of

servlets could be use to develop high speed data driven web sites.Extensibility

Java Servlets are developed in java which is robust, well-designed and

object oriented language which can be extended or polymorphed into new

objects. So the java servlets takes all these advantages and can be extendedfrom existing class the provide the ideal solutions.


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Safety

Java provides a very good safety features like memory management,exception handling etc. Servlets inherits all these features and emerged as a

very powerful web server extension.

SecureServlets are server side components, so it inherits the security provided by

the web server. Servlets are also benefited with Java Security Manager.

24) What are the lifecycle methods of Servlet?

Answer:24 The interface javax.servlet.Servlet, defines the three life-cycle

methods. These are:

public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletExceptionpublic void service( ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws

ServletException, IOExceptionpublic void destroy()The container manages the lifecycle of the Servlet. When a new request

come to a Servlet, the container performs the following steps.

1. If an instance of the servlet does not exist, the web container* Loads the servlet class.

* Creates an instance of the servlet class.* Initializes the servlet instance by calling the init method. Initialization

is covered in Initializing a Servlet.

2. The container invokes the service method, passing request and responseobjects.

3. To remove the servlet, container finalizes the servlet by calling the

servlet's destroy method.

25)What is ServletContext?

Answer:25 ServletContext is an Interface that defines a set of methods that

a servlet uses to communicate with its servlet container, for example, to getthe MIME type of a file, dispatch requests, or write to a log file. There is

one context per "web application" per Java Virtual Machine. (A "web

application" is a collection of servlets and content installed under a specificsubset of the server's URL namespace such as /catalog and possibly

installed via a .war file.)

26) What is the directory Structure of Web Application?

Answer: 26Web components follow the standard directory structure definedin the J2EE specification.


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27) What is meant by Pre-initialization of Servlet?

Answer: 27 When servlet container is loaded, all the servlets defined in theweb.xml file does not initialized by default. But the container receives the

request it loads the servlet. But in some cases if you want your servlet to beinitialized when context is loaded, you have to use a concept called pre-

initialization of Servlet. In case of Pre-initialization, the servlet is loaded

when context is loaded. You can specify 1

in between the tag.

28) What mechanisms are used by a Servlet Container to maintain

session information?

Answer:28 Servlet Container uses Cookies, URL rewriting, and HTTPS

protocol information to maintain the session.

29) What do you understand by servlet mapping?Answer:29 Servlet mapping defines an association between a URL pattern

and a servlet. You can use one servlet to process a number of url pattern

(request pattern). For example in case of Struts *.do url patterns areprocessed by Struts Controller Servlet.

30) What must be implemented by all Servlets?

Answer:30The Servlet Interface must be implemented by all servlets.

31) What are the objects that are received when a servlets accepts call

from client?

Answer:31 The objects are ServeltRequest and ServletResponse. TheServeltRequest encapsulates the communication from the client to the

server. While ServletResponse encapsulates the communication from the

Servlet back to the client.

Session related interview questions:

Question:1 What is a Session?

Answer:1 A Session refers to all the request that a single client makes to a

server. A session is specific to the user and for each user a new session iscreated to track all the request from that user. Every user has a separate

session and separate session variable is associated with that session. In

case of web applications the default time-out value for session variable is20 minutes, which can be changed as per the requirement.

Question:2 What is Session ID?

Answer:2 A session ID is an unique identification string usually a long,


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random and alpha-numeric string that is transmitted between the client and

the server. Session IDs are usually stored in the cookies, URLs (in caseURL rewriting) and hidden fields of Web pages.

Question:3 What is Session Tracking?

Answer:3 HTTP is stateless protocol and it does not maintain the clientstate. But there exist a mechanism called "Session Tracking" which helps

the servers to maintain the state to track the series of requests from the

same user across some period of time.

Question:4 What are different types of Session Tracking?

Answer:4 Mechanism for Session Tracking are:

a) Cookiesb) URL rewriting

c) Hidden form fields

d) SSL SessionsQuestion:5 What is HTTPSession Class?

Answer:5 HttpSession Class provides a way to identify a user across across

multiple request. The servlet container uses HttpSession interface to create

a session between an HTTP client and an HTTP server. The session livesonly for a specified time period, across more than one connection or page

request from the user.

Question:6 Why do u use Session Tracking in HttpServlet?

Answer:6 In HttpServlet you can use Session Tracking to track the user

state. Session is required if you are developing shopping cart application orin any e-commerce application.

Question:7 What are the advantage of Cookies over URL rewriting?

Answer:7 Sessions tracking using Cookies are more secure and fast.

Session tracking using Cookies can also be used with other mechanism ofSession Tracking like URL rewriting.

Cookies are stored at client side so some clients may disable cookies so we

may not sure that the cookies may work or not.

In URL rewriting requites large data transfer from and to the server. So, itleads to network traffic and access may be become slow.

Question:8 What is session hijacking?

Answer:8 If you application is not very secure then it is possible to get the

access of system after acquiring or generating the authentication

information. Session hijacking refers to the act of taking control of a user


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session after successfully obtaining or generating an authentication session

ID. It involves an attacker using captured, brute forced or reverse-engineered session IDs to get a control of a legitimate user's Web

application session while that session is still in progress.

Question:9 What is Session Migration?Answer: Session Migration is a mechanism of moving the session from one

server to another in case of server failure. Session Migration can be

implemented by:a) Persisting the session into database

b) Storing the session in-memory on multiple servers.

Question:10 How to track a user session in Servlets?

Answer: The interface HttpSession can be used to track the session in the

Servlet. Following code can be used to create session object in the Servlet:

HttpSession session = req.getSession(true);Question:11 How you can destroy the session in Servlet?

Answer: You can call invalidate() method on the session object to destroy

the session. e.g. session.invalidate();

advance java interview questions

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