adjective normal position (05)

8/4/2019 Adjective Normal Position (05)

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AdjectiveAdj ; Normal position Adj ; After nouns and pronouns

Two position Adj can go in two main place in a sentence.(a) Adj+ N = Attributive positione.g., He married with a beautiful girl.

(b) Link verbs + Adj = Predicative position.e.g., I feel happy.Adj used only before NAdj + N + VerbSome adj are used only (or mostly) before NCompare: elder and eldestMy elder sister is a pilot.Shes three years older than me.Adj used only after VerbsLink verbs + some adj begin with a-,

and a few others (e.g.,

afloat, afraid, alike, asleep,...)Verb + Obj + Adjanother possible position for adj is after the obj.e.g., Ill get the job ready.

Fixed phrases N + Adjsome fixed phrases -Secretary General, Presidentelect,

court martial (= military court), God Almighty!,Poet Laureate, Attorney GeneralAvailable, possible etc . N + some adj ending in -able/-iblee.g., Its the only solution possible / possiblesolution.

Present, Properpresent + N = refer to timeN + present = means here/there, not absentcompare; the present members (being membernow)

the members present (arriving or havingmember)proper + N = means real, genuineN + proper = refers to the central or main part ofsomethingcompare; The boy wanted a proper gun, not a toygun. ( wanted real gun)

This car is the office proper. ( showingbelong to office)

Expressions of measurementmeasurement nouns + Adj

e.g., two metres high ten years older Adj with complementsN + Adj + Adjs complementse.g., people skilled in design (not skilled indesign people)In some case happening with different, similar, thesame,next, last, first, second etc;Adj + N + Adjs complementse.g., a different life from this one

the second train from this platformSomething, Everything etc

something, everything, anything, nothing, + Adjsomebody, anywhere and similar wordse.g., Have you read anything interesting lately?

EXCEPTION ; -Attributive position - In olderEnglish,it put adj after noun, especially in poetry and songs.In modern English, this happens in a few cases.

EXCEPTION ;-In available, possible etc-some adj can be used after N in a similarway to relative clauses(be common with adj ending in -able/ -ible)


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some adv can also be used like this-the woman upstairs

- In expressions of measurement - worth doesnt follow measurement nounse.g., worth 100 euros

Adj ; Position after as, how, so, tooas/ how/ so/ too/ this/ that + Adj + a/ an + Ne.g., i have as good a voice as you.without a/ an structure;I like your country - its so beautiful.(I like your so beautiful country)

Adj ; Order before nouns Adj ; With and

Description before classification/ an old

political idea description classification noun

an old political ides (not apolitical old idea)the latest educational reform (notthe educational latest reform)

Opinion before description; a wonderfulold houseopinions description noun

a lovely cool drink (not acool lovely drink)

beautiful green mountains(not green beautiful mountains)that silly fat cat (not thatfat silly cat)

Order of descriptive wordssize age shape colour originmaterial perpuse noun

a fat old whitehorse

NumbersNumbers + Adj

e.g., six large eggsthe second big shockNoun modifiers after adj

Adj + Noun modifiers ( often classify, or refer tomaterial)e.g., a big new car factory

CommasAdj (in longer sequences) + Ngive similar kinds of information,or physicalcomma can be dropped before short common

After a verb

In predicative position, put and before the lastone.e.g., He was tall, dark and handsome.In literary style, and is sometimes left out.e.g., My soul is exotic, mysterious,incomprehensible.

Before a nounIn attributive position, and is less common.an angry young mana big beautiful garden

Nice and In an informal style,nice and + adj/ adv =pleasantly or suitablye.g., Its nice and warm in front of thefire.(pleasantly warm)


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adjectivea tall(,) dark(,) handsome cowboy

EXCEPTION ; -In opinion,attitudes and judgements meaning is include inopinion.

-number first, next and last most often go before one, two,three etc.e.g., the first three days

my last jobs

EXCEPTION ;In attributive position, it is possiblewhen the adj give similar kinds of information.e.g., a cruel (and) vicious tyrant

a warm (and) generous personality

And is necessary when two or more adj refer todifferent parts or types of thing.e.g., a yellow and black sports carAlso use and when we say that something belongto two or more different classes.e.g., Its a social and political problem.

Adj : Without nouns Adj : What can follow an adj?

Well-know groups The + Adj = a limited groupe.g., the blind

the richthe injured

-Hes collecting money for the blind.-After the accident, the injured were taken tohospital.Adj of nationalityA few Adj of nationality ending in -sh or -ch(e.g.,Irish, Welsh, English, Spanish, Dutch,

French) can use without nouns.The -sh/-ch + verbe.g.,The Irish are very proud of their sense ofhumour.Singular examplesThe + Adj can have a singular meaning.Include - the accused, the undersigned, thedeceased, the former and the latter.e.g., The accused was released on bail.Abstract ideassometimes the + Adj refer to general abstract ideas(esp; philosophical writing)and these expressions are singular.e.g., Shes interested in the supernatural.ChoicesSometimes a noun can leave out that has alreadybeen mentioned, or which does not need to bementioned.e.g., Id like two large packets and one small.Sometimes colour Adj can use instead of nounplace adding a plural -s in this situation.e.g., Wash the reds and blues separately. (red

some adj can be followed - 1. Adj +complements

(or) - 2 . Adj +preposition + noun/ -ing

(or) - 3 . Adj + toinfinitives

(or) - 4 . Adj +clause

(or) - 5 . Adj + morethan one kind of complemente.g., 1. Im interested in cookery.

2. Im interested in learning to cook.3. The soup is ready to eat.An infinitive may have its own subj - Adj +for + subj/ obj + to infinitivee.g., Im anxious for her to get a good education.e.g., 4. Im glad that you were able to come.

5. Im pleased about her promotion.Im pleased to see you here.Im pleased that we seem to agree.

We rarely put Adj + complement before a noun.e.g., Hes a difficult person to understand.

(not Hes a difficult to understand person.)


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and blue clothes)SuperlativesNouns are often left out after superlative Adj.e.g., Im the tallest in my family.

EXCEPTION ; In well-know group

-These expression are normally plural: the deadpeople (not the dead person): -These expression cannot be used with apossessives. e.g., the problems of the poor or poor peoplesproblems (not the poors problems)-Adj use with the or a determiner like many ormore. e.g., this government doesnt care about the poor.(not about poor)

***Sometimes Adj use in paired structures with

both.....and .. e.g., opportunities for both rich and poor

EXCEPTION ; Many Adj can be followed by

complementsbut not all Adj are followed by the same kind ofcomplement.

Pronunciation of aged, naked etc.Adj ending in -ed have a special pronunciation: the last syllable is pronounced/ Id / instead of /d/ or /t/.e.g., sacred /se IkrId/

aged /e Id z Id/ (= very old) - Adj aged /e Idz d/ (=years old) - Verb

adjective normal position (05)

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