HISTORY

SEMINAR ON

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURINGSubmitted by : Harsh Kumar Roll No. 1202940074 Sec. A , ME(3rd year)Submitted to : Mr. Arunesh Chandra ME Dept.

CONTENTSHistoryIntroductionAdditive manufacturing techniquesAdvantagesDisadvantagesApplicationsScope of additive manufacturingReferences

HISTORYThe technology for printing physical 3D objects From digital data was first developed by Charles Hull in 1984. He named the technique stereolithography and obtained a patent for the technique in 1986. The same year, he founded 3d systems and developed the first commercial 3d printing machine.

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INTRODUCTION Two Ways for Fabrication:

Subtractive manufacturing Additive Manufacturing

Additive Manufacturing :The process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies

Steps For Additive Manufacturing : Generate a 3D model Generation of STL(Stereolithography) file Software slices the 3D model into thin slices Machine builds it layer by layer Cleanup and post curing Surface finishing

Video of a Stereolithography machine :

Additive Manufacturing technologies and their base materials :3D Printing (3DP): Various materials, including resins3D Ceramic Printing: Various clay and ceramic materialsSelective laser sintering (SLS): Thermoplastics, metals, sand and glassFused Deposition Modeling (FDM): ThermoplasticsStereolithography (SL): PhotopolymerLaminated object manufacturing(LOM): Laminate sheets, often paper, and glueElectron Beam Melting (EBM): Titanium alloys

SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING(SLS)Can be used for both thermoplastics and metalPowder is fed into a continuous layerLaser is used to fuse/sinter powder particles layer-by-layerProduces functional partsLayer thickness 0.004 or less

SLS Samples

ELECTRON BEAM MELTING(EBM)Dispensed metal powder in layersCross-section molten in a high vacuum with a focused electron beamProcess repeated until part is completedStainless steel, Titanium, Tungsten partsIdeal for medical implants and injection moldsStill very expensive process

EBM Samples

3D PRINTING(3DP)Layer of powder is first spread across build areaInkjet-like printing of binder over the part cross-sectionRepetition of the process with the next layerCan produce multi-colored partsUseful only for presentation mediaLowest resolution of all techniquesMarket Leader: Z-Corp

3D Printing Samples

Morongo Casino, Palm Springs, Model

FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING(FDM)A plastic filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies material to an extrusion nozzle. The nozzle is heated to melt the material and can be moved horizontally and vertically. The part, or model, is produced by extruding small beads of thermoplastic material to form layers and the material hardens immediately after extrusion from the nozzle

FDM Samples

LAMINATED OBJECT MODELING(LOM)Object made by deposition and cutting of layers of tapes Slow, sharp edgesInexpensive depending on accuracy, large scale models possibleSlow and inaccurate (knives vs lasers)

LOM Samples

STEREOLITHOGRAPHY(SLA)Stereolithography is a process for creating three-dimensional objects using a computer-controlled laser to build the required structure, layer by layer.It does this by using a resin known as liquid photopolymer that hardens when in contact with the air.

Stereolithography samples

Nokia Lumia 820 Case

ADVANTAGES :-Adopted 3D printing as a way to increase innovation.Mechanical properties of products are more as compared to that which are made by conventional process.Reduce costs and speed up the process.3D models of buildings can be easily created and edited as plans develop something that used to take a significant amount of time to make.The unattainable triangle

Freedom of creation of more complex geometries.Design Anywhere / Manufacture Anywhere is now possible.

SpeedPriceQuality

DISADVANTAGES :-Construction of large parts is not possible but research are going to make large machines.Machine cost is high

APPLICATIONS :-Architecture and design

Morongo Casino, Palm Springs, Model

Morongo Casino, Palm Springs

Made In Space is a US company experimenting with zero-gravity 3D printing. The process could potentially allow astronauts to print objects as required in space, saving valuable weight at launch.NASA has been looking at 3D printing for some time now, and considering the technology for long missions where astronauts could create their own equipment during the trip.Automotive

First ever 3-D printed car.Urbee

Medicals

Entire titanium jaw

Food printers

MIT Media Lab

SCOPE OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

REFERENCESProfessor John Hart(ajhart@mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute Of Technology(MIT)Wright, Paul K. (2001). 21st Century manufacturing. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.Lipson, Hod, Francis C. Moon, Jimmy Hai, and Carlo Paventi. (2007) "3D-Printing the History of Mechanisms." Journal of Science.

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