AddictionsAddictionsNursing 4111

Define AddictionDefine AddictionHow would you define addiction?

“A pattern of abuse characterize by an overwhelming preoccupation with the use (compulsive use) of a drug or substance and securing its supply, and a high tendency to relapse if the drug is removed.”

Stanhope & Lancaster. (2008) p. 423

OutlineOutlineVideoArticlesDeterminants of healthNursing skillsCode of EthicsMethadone treatment programSummary

Intervention VideoIntervention Video

Research ArticleResearch ArticleFinancial problemsInterpersonal conflictsFamily disharmonyRisk to childrenStressDomestic violence

Research ArticleResearch ArticleIntervention goals

◦Identify sources of stress◦Learn information about substances◦Consider social support of the family

member◦Look at the different coping

behaviours

Outcome of the researchSignificant results of intervention

Determinants of HealthDeterminants of HealthPhysical environment/Social

environmentHealth servicesSocial support networksPersonal health practices/coping

skills

Determinants of HealthDeterminants of HealthIncome & social statusEducationChildhood developmentBiology & geneticsEmployment

Family DynamicsFamily DynamicsChildren coping with addiction of

a parentSpouse coping with partner’s

addictionParent coping with addiction of a

childCoping with addiction of a friend

Nursing SkillsNursing Skills

1. Assist family members to develop an appropriate attitude to help the addicted family

- Educate family on the addiction process

- Role of family in treatment process- Expressing feelings- Trust building and a positive

outlook

Nursing SkillsNursing Skills

2. Impart skills to improve family interaction, strengthen rituals and parenting

- Communication skills- Daily routines - Quality time- Improve family interactions- Improve parenting

Nursing SkillsNursing Skills

3. To equip family members with positive coping skills

- Positive coping methods- Healthy decision making- Conflict resolution- Improve support systems- Family centered care

Nursing SkillsNursing Skills

4. Equip children with specific skills to build resilience

- Self esteem and goal setting - Positive coping- Assertiveness- Encourage healthy lifestyles- Access to resources

Methadone Treatment Methadone Treatment ProgramProgram

◦Code of Ethics

Code of EthicsCode of Ethics1. Providing safe, compassionate,

competent and ethical care

2. Promoting health and well-being

3. Promoting and respecting informed decision-making

Canadian Nurses Association (2008)

Code of EthicsCode of EthicsPreserving dignity

Privacy and confidentiality

Justice

Being accountable

Canadian Nurses Association (2008)

Harm Reduction V.s. Harm Reduction V.s. AbstinenceAbstinence“Harm reduction, or harm

minimisation, refers to a range of pragmatic and evidence-based public health policies designed to reduce the harmful consequences associated with drug use and other high risk activities.”

“Abstinence, the trait of abstaining (especially from alcohol/drugs)”

Marlatt, G. A. (2002)

Methadone Treatment Methadone Treatment ProgramProgramAdvantages/disadvantages of

methadone programClass debate

SummarySummary

ReferencesReferencesCanadian Nurses Association. (2008). Code of ethics for registered nurses. Ottawa, Ont: author.

Copello, A., Templeton, L., Orford, J., Velleman, R., Patel, A., Moore, L., MacLeod, J., & Godfrey, C. (2009). The relative efficacy

of two levels of a primary care intervention for family members affected by the addiction problem of a close relative: a

randomized trial. Addiction, 104,49-58. DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.2008.02417.x

Drunker, E., Lurie, P., Wodakt, A., & Alcabes, P. (1998). Measuring harm reduction: The effects of needle and syringe exchange

programs and methadone maintenance on the ecology of HIV. AIDS, 12(supplemental A), S217-5230.

Graham, D. (2007). Witnessing the benefits of methadone maintenance treatment. Canadian Pharmacist Journal, 140(1), 25-27.

Langendam, M. W., & Coutinho, R. A. (2001). The impact of harm-reduction-based methadone treatment on mortality among

heroin users. American Journal of Public Health, 9(15), 774-780.

Marlatt, G. A. (2002). “One”. In G. Alan Marlatt. Harm Reduction: Pragmatic strategies for managing high-risk behaviours,

Guilford Press, 3.

Moy, M., Bayliss, J., Firth, C., Leggate, J., & Wood, R. (2007). Drug using parents; an exploration of family focused support from health professionals. Jouranl of Research in Nursing, 12,551-561. DOI: 10.1177/1744987107079592

Reno, R. R., & Aiken, L. S. (1993). Life activities and life quality of heroin addicts in and out of methadone treatment. The

International Journal of the Addictions, 28(3), 211-232.

Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, M. (2008). Community Health Nursing in Canada (first Canadian edition). Toronto: Mosby Inc.

Varenbut, M., Teplin, D., Daiter, J., Raz, B., Worster, A., Emadi-Konjin, P., Frank, N., Konyer, A., Greenwald, I., & Snider-Adler,

M. (2007). Tampering by office-based methadone maintenance patients with methadone take home privileges: A pilot

study. Harm Reduction Journal, 4(15), 1-4.

ReferencesReferencesStanhope, M., & Lancaster, M. (2008). Community Health Nursing in Canada (first Canadian edition). Toronto: Mosby Inc.

Varenbut, M., Teplin, D., Daiter, J., Raz, B., Worster, A., Emadi-Konjin, P., Frank, N., Konyer, A., Greenwald, I., & Snider-Adler,

M. (2007). Tampering by office-based methadone maintenance patients with methadone take home privileges: A pilot

study. Harm Reduction Journal, 4(15), 1-4.