adapted from historyteacher.net the wars of religion- (1530s-1648) the wars of religion-...

40
Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Upload: dinah-stewart

Post on 11-Jan-2016

256 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Adapted from historyteacher.netAdapted from historyteacher.net

TheWars ofReligion-

(1530s-1648)

TheWars ofReligion-

(1530s-1648)

Page 2: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

““Our Religion is Better Our Religion is Better than Yours!”than Yours!”

• Series of wars/conflicts where religion is primary source of conflict.

• Masked “true” reasons – political conflict and fighting for more power.

Page 3: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Conflict in the Holy Roman

Empire

Conflict in the Holy Roman

Empire

Page 4: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Civil War

In France

(1562-1598)

Civil War

In France

(1562-1598)

Page 5: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

The Valois Family:The Beginning of the End

The Valois Family:The Beginning of the End

Henri II was the last powerful Valois

Three weak sons followed: Francis II Charles IX Henri III

Catherine de Medici controlled the sons:

Was mother to the boys Played both sides in the civil war Developed a reputation for cruelty

Page 6: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Catherine de MediciCatherine de Medici

Page 7: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Francis II & His Wife, Mary Stuart

Francis II & His Wife, Mary Stuart

Page 8: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

The French Civil WarThe French Civil War

There were two sides: Guise family led Catholics in North Bourbon family led Huguenots in South Fighting for the royal inheritance

Catherine supported the Guises in the first phase.

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre August 24, 1572 20,000 Huguenots were killed Henri of Navarre, a Bourbon, survived

Page 9: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Page 10: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

The French Civil WarThe French Civil War Catherine started supporting the Bourbons.

Henri of Navarre defeated Catholic League & becomes Henry IV of France.

Effects of Civil War: France was left divided by religion Royal power had weakened Valois family now replaced by Bourbons

CatholicLeagueCatholicLeague

ProtestantUnion

ProtestantUnion

CIVILWAR

Page 11: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Triumphal Entry of Henry IV Into Paris – Peter Paul

Reubens

Triumphal Entry of Henry IV Into Paris – Peter Paul

Reubens

Page 12: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Ended Spanish interference in France

Converted to Catholicism : Did this to compromise and make

peace Paris is worth a mass. This was an example of politique

[the interest of the state comes first before any religious considerations]

Fighting for the royal inheritance Passed Edict of Nantes in 1598:

Granted religious rights to Huguenots

Did not grant religious freedom for all

Henry IV of FranceHenry IV of France

Page 13: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Family Feud-

Habsburg v. Valois

(1490’s- 1550’s)

Family Feud-

Habsburg v. Valois

(1490’s- 1550’s)

Page 14: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Habsburg v. ValoisHabsburg v. Valois

• Habsburgs – Austria, Netherlands, HRE, later Spain (Charles V – united throne)

• France – Charles of Valois – claimed throne after Hundred Years War

Page 15: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Habsburg v. ValoisHabsburg v. Valois

• 1494 – Charles VIII of France – invades Italy

• Habsburgs claimed land• True “loser” – Italy• 1556 – Treaty of Cateau

Cambreses

Page 16: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Habsburg v. ValoisHabsburg v. Valois

• 1515 – Francis I of Valois – Renaissance values

• Wanted to control church in France• Concordat of Bologna• Francis – wanted to be HRE• Francis I and Charles V (Sp) -

enemies

Page 17: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

In the name of…religion?

Spain

(1490’s- 1570’s)

In the name of…religion?

Spain

(1490’s- 1570’s)

Page 18: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Spain under Philip IISpain under Philip II

• Late 15th C – Low Countries controlled by Burgundians

• Given to Maximilian I through marriage; later under control of Philip II

• Netherlands – strong trade!

Page 19: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Spain under Philip IISpain under Philip II

• Philip – wanted money from taxation• Wanted to stop spread of Protestants –

Calvinism• Issues with England• Locals – would not back Philip• 1567 – Philip sent troops; withstood

attacks• Split – N vs. S; N – Union of Utrecht

Page 20: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Sure the Anglicans are

different

Sure the Anglicans are

different

Page 21: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Conflict in EnglandConflict in England

• Henry VIII – Act of Supremacy• Mary I – stop rebellions – “Bloody

Mary”• Elizabeth I – Act of Supremacy• Will continue to be an issue with

the Stuarts – a “Catholic” king?

Page 22: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

TheThirty Years

War (1618-1648)

TheThirty Years

War (1618-1648)

Page 23: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

1618-16481618-1648

Page 24: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

The Holy Roman Empire was the battleground.

At the beginning it was the Catholics vs. the Protestants.

At the end it was Habsburg power that was threatened.

Resolved by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.

Characteristics of the Thirty Years War

Characteristics of the Thirty Years War

Page 25: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Ferdinand II inherited Bohemia. The Bohemians hated him. Ferdinand refused to tolerate

Protestants. Defenestration of Prague May, 1618 Bohemia named a new king, Frederick II.

Ferdinand II becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

Frederick II borrowed an army from Bavaria.

Frederick lost his lands in the fighting.

The rebellion in Bohemia inspired others.

The Bohemian Phase: 1618-1622

The Bohemian Phase: 1618-1622

Page 26: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Bohemian Phase

Bohemian Phase

Page 27: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Ferdinand II tried to end all resistance. Tried to crush Protestant northern Holy

Roman Empire. Ferdinand II used Albrecht von Wallenstein

for the army. Wallenstein defeated Protestants in north.

Edict of Restitution (1629): Restored to Catholics all lands lost since

1552. Deprived all Protestants, except Lutherans,

of their religious and political rights.

German princes feared Ferdinand he fired Wallenstein in effort to calm them.

The Danish Phase: 1625-1629The Danish Phase: 1625-1629

Page 28: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Danish Phase

Page 29: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Albrechtvon

Wallenstein

Page 30: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

France & Sweden now get involved. Both want to stop Habsburg power. Sweden led the charge. France provided support.

Gustavus Adolphus invaded the HR Empire.

Ferdinand II brought back Wallenstein. Swedish advance was stopped.

German princes still feared Ferdinand II.

Wallenstein assassinated to appease them.

The Swedish Phase: 1630-1635The Swedish Phase: 1630-1635

Page 31: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Swedish Phase

Page 32: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

GustavusAdolphus

Page 33: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

France & Sweden switched roles.

All countries in Europe now participated.

This phase was most destructive! German towns decimated. Agriculture collapsed famine

resulted. 8 million dead 1/3 of the population

[from 21 million in 1618 to 13.5 million in 1648]

Caused massive inflation. Trade was crippled throughout Europe.

The French Phase: 1635-1648The French Phase: 1635-1648

Page 34: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Loss of German Lives in 30 Years’ War

Page 35: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Political Provisions: Each Ger. prince became free from any kind

of control by the HR Emperor. The United Provinces [Dutch Neths.] became

officially independent so. part remained a Sp. possession.

Fr. rcvd. most of the Ger-speaking province of Alsace.

Sweden got lands in No. Ger. on the Baltic & Black Sea coasts.

Switzerland became totally independent of the HR Emperor Swiss Confederation.

Sweden won a voice in the Diet of the HR Emp.

Brandenburg got important terrs. on No. Sea & in central Germany.

The Peace of Westphalia (1648)

The Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Page 36: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Religious Provisions: Calvinists would have the same

privileges as the Lutherans had in the Peace of Augsburg.

The ruler of each state could determine its official religion, BUT [except in the hereditary lands of the Habsburgs], he must permit freedom of private worship.

The Peace of Westphalia (1648)

The Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Page 37: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Treaty of Westphalia (1648)

Page 38: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

1688-1700

Page 39: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

Many Protestants felt betrayed.

The pope denounced it.

Only merit it ended the fighting in a war that became intolerable!

For the next few centuries, this war was blamed for everything that went wrong in Central Europe.

Nobody Was Happy!Nobody Was Happy!

Page 40: Adapted from historyteacher.net The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648) The Wars of Religion- (1530s-1648)

What were the long-

range effects of the Thirty Years’ War?

What were the long-

range effects of the Thirty Years’ War?