action for justice south african case studies people and events
TRANSCRIPT
Action for Justice
South African Case StudiesPeople and Events
Chief Albert Luthuli
Africa’s First
Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
The Basics about Luthuli
O Raised in NatalO Trained as a teacher and
administratorO Elected as Chief of GroutvilleO Member of ANC, elected as
President of ANC in 1952O Arrested for high treason (1956) –
withdrawn/acquitted
http://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/Legacy/sitefiles/file/albertluthulitimeline.pdf
The Climate at the Time
O People largely involved in peaceful resistance
O Informed by nonviolent model of civil disobedience (assoc. Mahatma Ghandi)
O ANC launched “Defiance Campaign” in 1952 under Luthuli
O Over 8,000 people arrested; response of police violence, fines, jail sentences, banning orders
http://www.apartheidmuseum.org/sites/default/files/files/downloads/Learners%20book%20Chapter4.pdf
Sharpeville Massacre
March 21, 1960
Passbooks and Pass Laws- Form of internal
passport system- Black populations
required to carry- Pass Laws Act (1952)
instituted nation-wide pass
- Entries documented permission, requests and behavior
- Any governmental employee could cancel permission
- No valid entry prison- Symbolic of apartheid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pass_laws
Behind SharpevilleO ANC planned peaceful protest
against Pass Laws on March 31O PAC pre-empted with March 21
campaignO 5,000+ black men presented
themselves at Sharpeville Police Station for arrest for not carrying Pass Books
http://www.mypublicholidays.co.za/holidays/human-rights-day
Then…O Crowd increasedO Accounts differO Policemen started shooting into
crowdO 69 killed, 180+ wounded
Apartheid Museum Source
http://www.mypublicholidays.co.za/holidays/human-rights-day
Returning to Luthuli
- March 26, Chief Luthuli publicly burned his passbook in protest
- Calls for peaceful burning by all Africans
- Arrested
1960 Nobel Peace Prize
O Luthuli awarded 1960 Nobel Peace Prize
O Accepted in 1961
Then…O Continued banningO Continued advocacy workO Killed by a train in 1967
Not the end of the story…
Soweto Uprising Nelson Mandela