ACRIN 6673

MULTICENTER FEASIBILITY STUDY OF

PERCUTANEOUS RADIOFREQUENCY

ABLATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR

CARCINOMA IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS

Final Report

from Central Review Data

6673 RFA of HCC

• Protocol Team– Gerald Dodd, III, MD (Principal Investigator)

– Fenghai Duan, PhD (Statistician)

– Damian Dupuy, MD (Radiologist)

– Glenn Halff, MD (Surgical Oncologist)

– David Lu, MD (Radiologist)

– Shahla Masood, MD (Central Pathologist)

– Anthony Shields, MD, PhD (Oncologist)

6673 RFA of HCC

• ACRIN Staff– Lisa Cimino (Imaging)

– Vincent Girardi (Biostatistician)

– Jeremy Gorelick (Biostatistician)

– Donna Hartfeil (Project Manager)

– Benjamin Herman (Biostatistician)

– Mary Kelly-Trunan (Regulatory)

– Anthony Levering (Imaging)

– Robin McCall (Imaging)

– Maria Oh, (Protocol Development)

– Josephine Schloesser (Regulatory)

– Chris Steward (Regulatory)

– Tina Taylor (Data Manager)

6673 RFA of HCC

University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio / Gerald Dodd, III, MD

University of California, Los Angeles / David Lu, MD

Rhode Island Hospital / Damian Dupuy, MD

Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania / Aalpen Patel, MD

University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester / Sri Shankar, MD

Cedar Sinai Medical Center / Peter Julien, MD and Frank Moser, MD

Mayo Clinic, Rochester / Matthew Callstrom, MD, PhD

Medical College of Wisconsin / Sean Tutton, MD

University of Wisconsin / Fred Lee, MD

University of Texas, MD Anderson / Kamran Ahrar, MD

University of North Carolina / Robert Dixon, MD

University of Alabama, Birmingham / J. Kevin Smith, MD

Scott and White Clinic and Hospital, Texas / Mark Montgomery, MD

University of California, Davis / John McGahan, MD

14 Participating Centers

6673 RFA of HCC

• Primary study objective:

To estimate the proportion of patients

undergoing solitary or repetitive

percutaneous RFA treatment sessions

whose livers have no identifiable tumor

by CT scan at 18 months following

initiation of therapy

6673 RFA of HCC

• Some secondary study objectives:

– Aim: Effects of tumor size, local recurrence,

remote occurrence, whether or not repeated

RFA, etc. on success rate at 18-month

• Notations:

– Local intrahepatic tumor: tumor was treated

but seen again at the ablated site

– Remote intrehepatic tumor: new tumor was

seen but remote from the ablated site(s).

6673 RFA of HCC

• Enrollment Criteria

– Cirrhosis

–MELD Score < 15

– HCC = 1-3 tumors < 3cm,

or 1 tumor > 3 and < 5cm

– No previous treatment for HCC

6673 RFA of HCC

• Treatment

– Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation

• Ablations permitted from enrollment

through 15th month

• Single vendor RFA unit (Covidien)

• Standardized ablation protocol

6673 RFA of HCC

• Follow-up

– 3 phase CT

• Prior to treatment

• Immediately after ablation

• Every 3-months through 18 months post

ablation

6673 RFA of HCC

• Central review

– To determine the presence/absence of tumor

– Scans were divide into two equal batches

and were reviewed by one of the two central

readers.

–Discrepancy from the local read were

adjudicated by the other central reader.

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

– 45 Eligible patients enrolled

• 29 men, 16 women

• Average age 61 (range, 40 to 81)

– Number of tumors

• 1 = 39

• 2 = 4

• 3 = 2

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

–Patient status

•33 dropped out prior to completion

•12 patients completed study

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

– Patient status

• 33 dropped out prior to completion

–15 were transplanted

–5 died

–5 withdrew from the study

–7 started nonprotocol treatment

–1 developed an extrahepatic tumor

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

– Patient status

• 15 were transplanted

–4 had tumor on last CT

»2 had a local tumor

»2 had a remote tumor

–11 had no tumor

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

– Patient status

• 5 patients died

–2 had tumor on last CT and was the cause

of death for 2 of those

–3 had no tumor

• 7 patients had non-protocol treatment

–7 had tumor on last CT

–0 had no tumor

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

– Patient status

• 12 patients completed study

–8 = 1 ablation

–2 = 2 ablations

–2= 3 ablations

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

– Patient status

• 12 patients completed study

–Tumor status on 18 month CT

» 10 = no tumor at treated sites (83%)

» 8 = tumor free (67%)

» 2 = local intrahepatic tumor (17%)

» 4 = remote intrahepatic tumor (33% )

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

– Aim: control disease at 18 months

• Out of 45 patients, 8 patients who completed

study without tumor

– success rate = 8/45 (18%)

(95% Exact CI: 0.08, 0.32)

• Only 12 patients who made it to 18 months

– success rate = 8/12 (67%)

(95% Exact CI: 0.35, 0.90)

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

– Aim: control disease at 18 months or

successful bridge to transplant

• Including the previous 8 tumor-free patients at

18 months plus 15 patients who made it to

transplant

– success rate = 23/45(51%)

(95% Exact CI: 36%, 66%)

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

Factors O.R. 95% CI P value

multiple RFA 44.3 5.36 367.1 0.0004

Tumor size (cm) 0.40 0.18 0.88 0.022

Local tumor 4.54 1.95 10.6 0.0005

Remote tumor 0.02 0.004 0.10 <.0001

Gender (Female) 0.97 0.07 13.3 0.9

Age 1.19 1.03 1.38 0.017

6673 RFA of HCC

• Results

– Local tumor control

• Out of 60 ablated tumors, 36 were never seen

again.

–Local control rate = 36/60 (60%)

(95% Exact CI: 0.47, 0.72)

6673 RFA of HCC

• ResultsKaplan-Meier Estimate of time until a local recurrence

Su

rviv

al D

istr

ibu

tio

n F

un

ctio

n

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

Months

0 5 10 15 20 25

Legend: Product-Limit Estimate Curve Censored Observations

Median time to recurrence is 12 months (95%

CI: 6 – 18 months)