acoustics research group, department of electrical & computer engineering, university of...
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Acoustics Research Group,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,University of Canterbury,New Zealand
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Ten key papers in Synthetic Aperture Sonar
Prof. Peter Gough (presenter)Dr. Michael Hayes
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Synthetic Aperture Operation
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
Range Direction
Height
Along Track Direction
Mapped Area
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Early Kiwi-SAS image
Resolution 15cm by 15cm
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“Image courtesy of Kongsberg Maritime and FFI"
SAS image of the German World War II Type VIIc submarine U-735, which was sunk in the Oslo fjord in 1944. Theoretical resolution in the image is approximately 3 x 3 cm.
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Key paper 1: Cutrona, 1975
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,1975, 58(2):336:348.
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Key paper 1: Cutrona, 1975
Along-track resolution = D/2 – where D = along-track dimension of the transducer
(i) This means the SMALLER the transducer, the BETTER the along-track resolution in the image.
(ii) This resolution is independent of the centre frequency.
Cross-track resolution = c /2BW– where c = speed of sound – BW = temporal bandwidth
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Key paper 2: Gilmour, 1978
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Key Paper 2: Gilmour, 1978. US Patent 4088978
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Key paper 3: Christoff et al, 1982
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1982, 71(6):1606-1607
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Key paper 3: Christoff et al, 1982
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Key paper 4: Huxtable et al, 1993
Proc. IEEE Oceans’93,Oct 1993, 1:125-131
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Key paper 4: Huxtable and Geyer, 1993
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Key paper 4: Huxtable et al, 1993
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Key paper 5: Griffiths et al,1994
Proc Inst. of Acoustics, Dec.1994, 16(6):151-159
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Key paper 5: Griffiths et al,1994
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Key paper 6: Chatillon et al, 1999
IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., Jan. 1999, 24(1):4-15
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Key paper 6: Chatillon et al, 1999
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Key paper 6: Chatillon et al, 1999
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Key paper 7: Lurton, 2000
IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2000, 25(3):351-363
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Key paper 7: Lurton, 2000.
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Key paper 7: Lurton, 2000.
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Key paper 8: Bellettini et al, 2002
IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., Oct. 2002, 27(4):780-789.
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Key paper 8 : Bellettini et al, 2002
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Key paper 9: Sutton et al, 2002
IEE Proc. Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2002, 150(2):78-83.
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Key paper 9: Sutton et al, 2002
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Key paper 10: Mitchell et al, 2006
Proc. Inst. of Acoust., Sept. 2006 28(5):65-71.
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Key paper 10: Mitchell et al, 2006
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Key paper 10: Mitchell et al, 2006
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Key paper 10: Mitchell et al, 2006
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Conclusions
Current SAS systems now have all the attributes first proposed in the mid 1970s by SAR engineers
Although still with all the inherent limitations of a coherent imaging system, SAS side-scan images are approaching “optical” quality
Apologies to anyone who thought they should be in this collection