Achievements - ProductsAchievements - Products• Sweet Sorghum Hybrids

Biomass yield and Brix rate in sandy soil at Delhi, Ontario

Sweet Sorghum Parental Lines

Brix rate B.Yield (T/acre)

113 15.67 38 112 14.63 40 116 12.63 37 108 11.47 41 132 11.40 36 110 10.90 34 CFSH 30 (CHECK) 4.60 22

Achievements - ProductsAchievements - Products• Sweet Sorghum Hybrids

Sap yield and Brix rate in sandy soil at Delhi, Ontario 2005

Sorghum Hybrids

Brix rate

SapYield (Litre/acre)

Biomas Yield (ton/acre)

110 x 166 10.8 11733 33.6 CSSH 45 14.8 18489 39.3 110 x 168 15.0 10666 37.6

Forage dry matter yield and Quality of CSSH 45

Parameter CSSH 45 Silage Corn Plant height (cm) 260 180DMY (kg/ha) 13,580 9,732CP (% dm) 9.0 8.0ADF (% dm) 27.7 21.5NDF (% dm) 49.9 45.3IVDMD (% dm) 81.1 86.7

NEL (Mcal/kg) 1.54 1.72

TDN (% dm) 67.6 72.8

Ca (% dm) 0.15 0.09

P (% dm) 0.38 0.42

Experimental seed production of Sweet Experimental seed production of Sweet Stem Pearl Millet Hybrid, Sept.,2003Stem Pearl Millet Hybrid, Sept.,2003

Male (Pollinator) rows

Male (Pollinator) rows

Female rows

Brix (%) Value of Normal and SS Brix (%) Value of Normal and SS Pearl Millet Genetic Stocks, AERC, Pearl Millet Genetic Stocks, AERC, Delhi, ON 2003Delhi, ON 2003

12.44CV(%)0.994LSD13.98Mean16.20aSweet stem 99-0312.63cNormal99-0314.9bSweet stem99-B2313.22cNormal99-B23

14.28bSweet stem99-A2312.63cNormal99-A23

Brix (%)GenotypeDesignation

Brix values recorded 104 DAP ranged from 10.5 to 13.6%, tendency for values to stabilize 120 DAP from 12.6 to 16.2%. Sampling using 2-3-4 internodes (bottom-up).

SS Pearl Millet Hybrids

•In 2005, 14 SS hybrids In 2005, 14 SS hybrids were grown in a replicated were grown in a replicated trial at Delhi, using a split-trial at Delhi, using a split-plot design. Main plots plot design. Main plots were N treatment (20+130 were N treatment (20+130 kg and 280 kghakg and 280 kgha-1 ) and subplots were genotypes

•76-80 DF, Brix 82 DAP 76-80 DF, Brix 82 DAP and harvest 91 DAP and harvest 91 DAP (anthesis or soft dough (anthesis or soft dough

stage)stage)

•In Québec 9 SS hybrids In Québec 9 SS hybrids in a replicated trialin a replicated trial

•A small roller-squeezer A small roller-squeezer (sugarcane crusher; courtesy of (sugarcane crusher; courtesy of PanleMatic Inc., Brampton, ON.) PanleMatic Inc., Brampton, ON.) used to extract sap from whole used to extract sap from whole plants. Operated with PTO of a plants. Operated with PTO of a tractortractor

•Feeding 3-4 stems at a time, Feeding 3-4 stems at a time, capacity of 150 kg/day [plot yield capacity of 150 kg/day [plot yield = ~50 kg]= ~50 kg]

•Sap collected in a bucket, Sap collected in a bucket, measured brix, volume and measured brix, volume and weightweight

•Sap stored in a deep-freezer for Sap stored in a deep-freezer for delivery to the laboratory (CAI). delivery to the laboratory (CAI). Recorded weight of stems after Recorded weight of stems after extraction to estimate recovery extraction to estimate recovery

Sap extraction

20216826088202147178130

Sap (l/t), 50%

1920010500167005400138009600140007500

Sap yield (l/ha), 50%

5.210.713.87.2911.314.99.6

Sap Brix(%), 91 DAP

8062875468668351Stem yield (t/ha)

Control*MeanRangeControl*MeanRange

280 N150 NParameter

*Control is Forage pearl millet CFPM 101 [highly vegetative, height 3.3m, tiller # 13 ]*Control is Forage pearl millet CFPM 101 [highly vegetative, height 3.3m, tiller # 13 ]

Plant height of SS hybrids ~ 2.90m, tiller # 12 Plant height of SS hybrids ~ 2.90m, tiller # 12

Preliminary results on SS pearl millet hybrids, Delhi, ON, August 2005

Crop Management for forages and ethanol Crop Management for forages and ethanol productionproduction

Fieldpreperation

Cultivate the land properly prior to planting so that it is free from grass weeds

Planting date

Plant any time when soil temperature is above 120C.

Spacing Between rows15 inches and 2 to 3 inches apart within the row.

Crop Management for forages and ethanol Crop Management for forages and ethanol productionproduction

Planting Seed rate CSSH 45

CSSPMH 7

10 lbs/acres, (population 225, 000 plants/acre) 8 lbs/acres, (population 350, 000 plants/acre)

Planting depth Plant shallow at 0.5 inch. On sandy soils, seed

should be planted at 1.0 inch

Plantingequipment Use a grain drill with a grass box or

conventional grain drill. Broad casting of seeds results in uneven stand. Use 80 % of chart opening for CSSPMH 7 because the seed is smaller than other sorghum hybrids

Crop Management for forages and ethanol Crop Management for forages and ethanol productionproduction

Fertilizer Use 70% of silage corn manure equal to 80

lbs N and 40 lbs P and 40 lbs K per acre at planting.

Soil pH Optimum soil pH 5.5 – 8.5.

Grass weed control Cultivation prior to planting

Crop Management for forages and ethanol Crop Management for forages and ethanol productionproduction

Prussic acid

CSSH 45 has low levels of prussic acid at all the time (after a frost or drought ranged 1.0 to 9.0 ppm %dm). Prussic acid level of less than 250 ppm is safe to use as feed

Forage Silage

Ethanolproduction

CSSPMH 7 has a harvesting period of two week after pollination when sugar level is 16 to 18% and juice can be extracted by screw press and need direct fermentation

CSSH 45 has harvesting period of 4-6 weeks

after pollination when sugar level is at peak of 17%. After juice extraction, the biomass is good for making silage like corn

Thanks