Achaemenid History VII: Through Travellers' Eyes, European Travellers on the IranianMonuments by Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg; Jan Willem DrijversReview by: Ronald H. SackJournal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 113, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1993), pp. 504-505Published by: American Oriental SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/605422 .

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Journal of the American Oriental Society 113.3 (1993) Journal of the American Oriental Society 113.3 (1993) Journal of the American Oriental Society 113.3 (1993)

Anatolia, which demonstrate the influence itinerant workshops had in creating an international artistic language (DaM 3:203-

14). Helga Seeden: An Umayyad house found on the north- west tell of Bosra and some evidence of Middle Bronze and Late Bronze occupation from a small sounding there (DaM

3:387-411). Khaled al-As'ad and Franciszek M. Stepniowski: The remains of a stone built suq of the Umayyad period in the colonnaded street at Palmyra (DaM 4:205-23). Ghazi Bisheh: Clearance and restoration work on the Umayyad period Ham- mam al-Sarah, 55 kilometers northeast of Amman (DaM

4:225-30). Annette Gangler and Heinz Gaube: A sociological, historical and architectural study of a residential quarter east of the Bab el-Hadid in Aleppo (DaM 4:231-49).

Certainly specialists within each period will find points of

dispute among the offerings here, but this does not lessen the value of these two volumes for whose publication the Deutsches

ArchBologisches Institut in Damascus is to be commended.

SALLY DUNHAM

WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT

A Bibliography of the Amarna Period and its Aftermath: The

Reigns of Akhenaten, Smenkhare, Tutankhamun and Ay (c. 1350-1321 BC). By G. T. MARTIN. London: KEGAN PAUL INTERNATIONAL, 1991. Pp. viii + 136.

Geoffrey Martin has once again, as so often in the past, placed us all in his debt by producing one of those tools we wonder how we did without. Bibliographies of the Amarna Period are not new-one may cite the useful work of Ed

Werner, which appeared in NARCE over a decade ago-but there can be no doubt that the present example is the most

thorough compilation to date of serious works on the subject. (No one will grieve over the omission of certain authors hov-

ering on or beyond the fringe of scholarship.) The arrange- ment is alphabetical by author's name and does not treat the

period under rubrics of art, religion, political history, etc. To

my mind this makes the list much more useful: in Amarna studies one thinks first of authors and their fortes and posi- tions, less of discrete disciplines and themes. Since a good deal of archaeological work going on at present is bound to

produce additional evidence on Akhenaten and his immediate successors, the bibliography may enjoy a substantial expan- sion as we enter the new millennium. But for now, thanks to

Geoffrey Martin, the catalogue is complete.

DONALD B. REDFORD UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

Anatolia, which demonstrate the influence itinerant workshops had in creating an international artistic language (DaM 3:203-

14). Helga Seeden: An Umayyad house found on the north- west tell of Bosra and some evidence of Middle Bronze and Late Bronze occupation from a small sounding there (DaM

3:387-411). Khaled al-As'ad and Franciszek M. Stepniowski: The remains of a stone built suq of the Umayyad period in the colonnaded street at Palmyra (DaM 4:205-23). Ghazi Bisheh: Clearance and restoration work on the Umayyad period Ham- mam al-Sarah, 55 kilometers northeast of Amman (DaM

4:225-30). Annette Gangler and Heinz Gaube: A sociological, historical and architectural study of a residential quarter east of the Bab el-Hadid in Aleppo (DaM 4:231-49).

Certainly specialists within each period will find points of

dispute among the offerings here, but this does not lessen the value of these two volumes for whose publication the Deutsches

ArchBologisches Institut in Damascus is to be commended.

SALLY DUNHAM

WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT

A Bibliography of the Amarna Period and its Aftermath: The

Reigns of Akhenaten, Smenkhare, Tutankhamun and Ay (c. 1350-1321 BC). By G. T. MARTIN. London: KEGAN PAUL INTERNATIONAL, 1991. Pp. viii + 136.

Geoffrey Martin has once again, as so often in the past, placed us all in his debt by producing one of those tools we wonder how we did without. Bibliographies of the Amarna Period are not new-one may cite the useful work of Ed

Werner, which appeared in NARCE over a decade ago-but there can be no doubt that the present example is the most

thorough compilation to date of serious works on the subject. (No one will grieve over the omission of certain authors hov-

ering on or beyond the fringe of scholarship.) The arrange- ment is alphabetical by author's name and does not treat the

period under rubrics of art, religion, political history, etc. To

my mind this makes the list much more useful: in Amarna studies one thinks first of authors and their fortes and posi- tions, less of discrete disciplines and themes. Since a good deal of archaeological work going on at present is bound to

produce additional evidence on Akhenaten and his immediate successors, the bibliography may enjoy a substantial expan- sion as we enter the new millennium. But for now, thanks to

Geoffrey Martin, the catalogue is complete.

DONALD B. REDFORD UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

Anatolia, which demonstrate the influence itinerant workshops had in creating an international artistic language (DaM 3:203-

14). Helga Seeden: An Umayyad house found on the north- west tell of Bosra and some evidence of Middle Bronze and Late Bronze occupation from a small sounding there (DaM

3:387-411). Khaled al-As'ad and Franciszek M. Stepniowski: The remains of a stone built suq of the Umayyad period in the colonnaded street at Palmyra (DaM 4:205-23). Ghazi Bisheh: Clearance and restoration work on the Umayyad period Ham- mam al-Sarah, 55 kilometers northeast of Amman (DaM

4:225-30). Annette Gangler and Heinz Gaube: A sociological, historical and architectural study of a residential quarter east of the Bab el-Hadid in Aleppo (DaM 4:231-49).

Certainly specialists within each period will find points of

dispute among the offerings here, but this does not lessen the value of these two volumes for whose publication the Deutsches

ArchBologisches Institut in Damascus is to be commended.

SALLY DUNHAM

WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT

A Bibliography of the Amarna Period and its Aftermath: The

Reigns of Akhenaten, Smenkhare, Tutankhamun and Ay (c. 1350-1321 BC). By G. T. MARTIN. London: KEGAN PAUL INTERNATIONAL, 1991. Pp. viii + 136.

Geoffrey Martin has once again, as so often in the past, placed us all in his debt by producing one of those tools we wonder how we did without. Bibliographies of the Amarna Period are not new-one may cite the useful work of Ed

Werner, which appeared in NARCE over a decade ago-but there can be no doubt that the present example is the most

thorough compilation to date of serious works on the subject. (No one will grieve over the omission of certain authors hov-

ering on or beyond the fringe of scholarship.) The arrange- ment is alphabetical by author's name and does not treat the

period under rubrics of art, religion, political history, etc. To

my mind this makes the list much more useful: in Amarna studies one thinks first of authors and their fortes and posi- tions, less of discrete disciplines and themes. Since a good deal of archaeological work going on at present is bound to

produce additional evidence on Akhenaten and his immediate successors, the bibliography may enjoy a substantial expan- sion as we enter the new millennium. But for now, thanks to

Geoffrey Martin, the catalogue is complete.

DONALD B. REDFORD UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

Achaemenid History VII: Through Travellers' Eyes, European Travellers on the Iranian Monuments. Edited by HELEEN SANCISI-WEERDENBURG and JAN WILLEM DRIJVERS. Leiden: NEDERLANDS INSTITUUT VOOR HET NABIJE OOSTEN, 1991.

Pp. xi + 223.

The volume under review constitutes the Proceedings of the Ninth Achaemenid History Workshop held in Groningen on May 18-20, 1989. As indicated in the preface, the theme is

"slightly different from previous workshops" and focuses spe- cifically on the accounts of European visitors to the major sur-

viving monuments of the Persian Empire. Although one or two of the contributions make reference to travellers to Iran in ancient times, the primary emphasis is on the writings of

eighteenth- and nineteenth-century accounts. An extensive and very useful bibliography is included, along with numer- ous photographs and drawings.

The contributions to this volume are quite interesting and well written. They should appeal not only to historians of the Achaemenid kingdom specifically, but, as well, to European- ists interested in how knowledge of the ancient Near East was

acquired. Without question, the strongest part of the volume is the introduction. In it, Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg provides a useful synthesis of what the volume contains, and it leads

nicely into Tuplin's discussion of travellers to Iran in ancient and modern times. As might be expected, much of the mate- rial focuses on Persepolis and the European visitor's fasci- nation with it. Anyone reading these articles can readily appreciate the strong desire on the part of archaeologists to unearth the secrets of this ancient Achaemenid site. The work of Herzfeld and Schmidt was, of course, greatly facilitated by the interest created on the part of a fascinated public over a

period of several generations. Despite the strong points, however, this volume is not with-

out its problems. First, there is entirely too much repetition. As intimated earlier, the introduction highlights the strengths of the articles that follow in a much better way than do many of the articles themselves. Secondly, there is an unevenness in the presentation of material. To be specific, the articles of

Calmeyer (pp. 135-45) and Metzler (pp. 123-33) leave this reviewer with the impression that their authors were merely contributing largely insignificant notes to a volume of pro- ceedings. Although their contributions were, originally, papers delivered at a conference dealing with a general theme, they add little substance to the volume.

Finally, I feel that I must, regrettably, repeat what I have said in reviews of earlier volumes in this same series. Given the ever-increasing cost of publications, it would have been better if these articles had been submitted to and reviewed by editors of professional journals rather than to have had them appear in a volume of proceedings of a conference. The only really strong part of the volume is the introduction. That could have appeared by itself as an article in a refereed journal; as

Achaemenid History VII: Through Travellers' Eyes, European Travellers on the Iranian Monuments. Edited by HELEEN SANCISI-WEERDENBURG and JAN WILLEM DRIJVERS. Leiden: NEDERLANDS INSTITUUT VOOR HET NABIJE OOSTEN, 1991.

Pp. xi + 223.

The volume under review constitutes the Proceedings of the Ninth Achaemenid History Workshop held in Groningen on May 18-20, 1989. As indicated in the preface, the theme is

"slightly different from previous workshops" and focuses spe- cifically on the accounts of European visitors to the major sur-

viving monuments of the Persian Empire. Although one or two of the contributions make reference to travellers to Iran in ancient times, the primary emphasis is on the writings of

eighteenth- and nineteenth-century accounts. An extensive and very useful bibliography is included, along with numer- ous photographs and drawings.

The contributions to this volume are quite interesting and well written. They should appeal not only to historians of the Achaemenid kingdom specifically, but, as well, to European- ists interested in how knowledge of the ancient Near East was

acquired. Without question, the strongest part of the volume is the introduction. In it, Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg provides a useful synthesis of what the volume contains, and it leads

nicely into Tuplin's discussion of travellers to Iran in ancient and modern times. As might be expected, much of the mate- rial focuses on Persepolis and the European visitor's fasci- nation with it. Anyone reading these articles can readily appreciate the strong desire on the part of archaeologists to unearth the secrets of this ancient Achaemenid site. The work of Herzfeld and Schmidt was, of course, greatly facilitated by the interest created on the part of a fascinated public over a

period of several generations. Despite the strong points, however, this volume is not with-

out its problems. First, there is entirely too much repetition. As intimated earlier, the introduction highlights the strengths of the articles that follow in a much better way than do many of the articles themselves. Secondly, there is an unevenness in the presentation of material. To be specific, the articles of

Calmeyer (pp. 135-45) and Metzler (pp. 123-33) leave this reviewer with the impression that their authors were merely contributing largely insignificant notes to a volume of pro- ceedings. Although their contributions were, originally, papers delivered at a conference dealing with a general theme, they add little substance to the volume.

Finally, I feel that I must, regrettably, repeat what I have said in reviews of earlier volumes in this same series. Given the ever-increasing cost of publications, it would have been better if these articles had been submitted to and reviewed by editors of professional journals rather than to have had them appear in a volume of proceedings of a conference. The only really strong part of the volume is the introduction. That could have appeared by itself as an article in a refereed journal; as

Achaemenid History VII: Through Travellers' Eyes, European Travellers on the Iranian Monuments. Edited by HELEEN SANCISI-WEERDENBURG and JAN WILLEM DRIJVERS. Leiden: NEDERLANDS INSTITUUT VOOR HET NABIJE OOSTEN, 1991.

Pp. xi + 223.

The volume under review constitutes the Proceedings of the Ninth Achaemenid History Workshop held in Groningen on May 18-20, 1989. As indicated in the preface, the theme is

"slightly different from previous workshops" and focuses spe- cifically on the accounts of European visitors to the major sur-

viving monuments of the Persian Empire. Although one or two of the contributions make reference to travellers to Iran in ancient times, the primary emphasis is on the writings of

eighteenth- and nineteenth-century accounts. An extensive and very useful bibliography is included, along with numer- ous photographs and drawings.

The contributions to this volume are quite interesting and well written. They should appeal not only to historians of the Achaemenid kingdom specifically, but, as well, to European- ists interested in how knowledge of the ancient Near East was

acquired. Without question, the strongest part of the volume is the introduction. In it, Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg provides a useful synthesis of what the volume contains, and it leads

nicely into Tuplin's discussion of travellers to Iran in ancient and modern times. As might be expected, much of the mate- rial focuses on Persepolis and the European visitor's fasci- nation with it. Anyone reading these articles can readily appreciate the strong desire on the part of archaeologists to unearth the secrets of this ancient Achaemenid site. The work of Herzfeld and Schmidt was, of course, greatly facilitated by the interest created on the part of a fascinated public over a

period of several generations. Despite the strong points, however, this volume is not with-

out its problems. First, there is entirely too much repetition. As intimated earlier, the introduction highlights the strengths of the articles that follow in a much better way than do many of the articles themselves. Secondly, there is an unevenness in the presentation of material. To be specific, the articles of

Calmeyer (pp. 135-45) and Metzler (pp. 123-33) leave this reviewer with the impression that their authors were merely contributing largely insignificant notes to a volume of pro- ceedings. Although their contributions were, originally, papers delivered at a conference dealing with a general theme, they add little substance to the volume.

Finally, I feel that I must, regrettably, repeat what I have said in reviews of earlier volumes in this same series. Given the ever-increasing cost of publications, it would have been better if these articles had been submitted to and reviewed by editors of professional journals rather than to have had them appear in a volume of proceedings of a conference. The only really strong part of the volume is the introduction. That could have appeared by itself as an article in a refereed journal; as

504 504 504

This content downloaded from 91.229.229.203 on Fri, 13 Jun 2014 10:21:23 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Brief Reviews of Books Brief Reviews of Books Brief Reviews of Books

such, it would have eliminated the redundancy represented by several of the articles appearing here. While the publication of

proceedings of conferences can at times be worthwhile, it can also lead to the appearance of much that is relatively unimpor- tant, insignificant, or just plain repetitious.

RONALD H. SACK

NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY

Der neuaramiische Dialekt von Hertevin (Provinz Siirt). By OrrTTO JASTROW. Semitica Viva, Band 3. Wiesbaden: OTTo HARRASSOWITZ, 1988. Pp. xxv + 234. DM 132.

Among today's Semitists who specialize in living Semitic

languages, Otto Jastrow has no doubt done most to record and

preserve our knowledge of the vanishing dialects of Arabic and Aramaic in the eastern Anatolian and northern Mesopota- mian border lands. He has visited the area on numerous occa- sions and made live recordings in the field, and he has founded a series dedicated exclusively to living Semitic lan-

guages, called Semitica Viva. The present work, volume 3 in this series, is a complete monographic description of the east- ern Neo-Aramaic dialect of the village Hertevin (Turkish name: Ekindiizii), situated in eastern Turkey near Siirt, south of Lake Van. Jastrow chanced upon it during an expedition in 1970. By now, the Christian speakers of this dialect, who had been the subjects of the local Kurdish chief, have virtually all

migrated to other places. It was, therefore, the last opportunity to save this variant of Neo-Aramaic from oblivion.

The monograph is a solid piece of scholarly work based on a corpus of sixty-eight pages of text, recorded from the mouth of a single, but obviously very capable and reliable, informant, and published here with a facing German translation. The first 105 pages contain a thorough grammatical analysis and de-

scription, which is matter-of-fact and mercifully free of trendy jargon. The texts are followed by two glossaries, one for verbs and one for the other parts of speech. This reviewer is pleased to say that in method and arrangement this monograph par- allels his earlier one on the dialect of Aradhen. This will fa- cilitate future comparisons between them and their use as

building blocks for a comparative grammar of Neo-Aramaic. The small band of scholars who work with Neo-Aramaic

are painfully aware that they are working against time and that they are among the few witnesses of a human tragedy that has largely been ignored by politicians and the media. No matter how gratifying the encounters with villagers and informants may be, no matter how satisfying and revealing the scholarly harvest, there is always the knowledge that those people sur- vive not only the hardships of a harsh natural environment,

such, it would have eliminated the redundancy represented by several of the articles appearing here. While the publication of

proceedings of conferences can at times be worthwhile, it can also lead to the appearance of much that is relatively unimpor- tant, insignificant, or just plain repetitious.

RONALD H. SACK

NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY

Der neuaramiische Dialekt von Hertevin (Provinz Siirt). By OrrTTO JASTROW. Semitica Viva, Band 3. Wiesbaden: OTTo HARRASSOWITZ, 1988. Pp. xxv + 234. DM 132.

Among today's Semitists who specialize in living Semitic

languages, Otto Jastrow has no doubt done most to record and

preserve our knowledge of the vanishing dialects of Arabic and Aramaic in the eastern Anatolian and northern Mesopota- mian border lands. He has visited the area on numerous occa- sions and made live recordings in the field, and he has founded a series dedicated exclusively to living Semitic lan-

guages, called Semitica Viva. The present work, volume 3 in this series, is a complete monographic description of the east- ern Neo-Aramaic dialect of the village Hertevin (Turkish name: Ekindiizii), situated in eastern Turkey near Siirt, south of Lake Van. Jastrow chanced upon it during an expedition in 1970. By now, the Christian speakers of this dialect, who had been the subjects of the local Kurdish chief, have virtually all

migrated to other places. It was, therefore, the last opportunity to save this variant of Neo-Aramaic from oblivion.

The monograph is a solid piece of scholarly work based on a corpus of sixty-eight pages of text, recorded from the mouth of a single, but obviously very capable and reliable, informant, and published here with a facing German translation. The first 105 pages contain a thorough grammatical analysis and de-

scription, which is matter-of-fact and mercifully free of trendy jargon. The texts are followed by two glossaries, one for verbs and one for the other parts of speech. This reviewer is pleased to say that in method and arrangement this monograph par- allels his earlier one on the dialect of Aradhen. This will fa- cilitate future comparisons between them and their use as

building blocks for a comparative grammar of Neo-Aramaic. The small band of scholars who work with Neo-Aramaic

are painfully aware that they are working against time and that they are among the few witnesses of a human tragedy that has largely been ignored by politicians and the media. No matter how gratifying the encounters with villagers and informants may be, no matter how satisfying and revealing the scholarly harvest, there is always the knowledge that those people sur- vive not only the hardships of a harsh natural environment,

such, it would have eliminated the redundancy represented by several of the articles appearing here. While the publication of

proceedings of conferences can at times be worthwhile, it can also lead to the appearance of much that is relatively unimpor- tant, insignificant, or just plain repetitious.

RONALD H. SACK

NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY

Der neuaramiische Dialekt von Hertevin (Provinz Siirt). By OrrTTO JASTROW. Semitica Viva, Band 3. Wiesbaden: OTTo HARRASSOWITZ, 1988. Pp. xxv + 234. DM 132.

Among today's Semitists who specialize in living Semitic

languages, Otto Jastrow has no doubt done most to record and

preserve our knowledge of the vanishing dialects of Arabic and Aramaic in the eastern Anatolian and northern Mesopota- mian border lands. He has visited the area on numerous occa- sions and made live recordings in the field, and he has founded a series dedicated exclusively to living Semitic lan-

guages, called Semitica Viva. The present work, volume 3 in this series, is a complete monographic description of the east- ern Neo-Aramaic dialect of the village Hertevin (Turkish name: Ekindiizii), situated in eastern Turkey near Siirt, south of Lake Van. Jastrow chanced upon it during an expedition in 1970. By now, the Christian speakers of this dialect, who had been the subjects of the local Kurdish chief, have virtually all

migrated to other places. It was, therefore, the last opportunity to save this variant of Neo-Aramaic from oblivion.

The monograph is a solid piece of scholarly work based on a corpus of sixty-eight pages of text, recorded from the mouth of a single, but obviously very capable and reliable, informant, and published here with a facing German translation. The first 105 pages contain a thorough grammatical analysis and de-

scription, which is matter-of-fact and mercifully free of trendy jargon. The texts are followed by two glossaries, one for verbs and one for the other parts of speech. This reviewer is pleased to say that in method and arrangement this monograph par- allels his earlier one on the dialect of Aradhen. This will fa- cilitate future comparisons between them and their use as

building blocks for a comparative grammar of Neo-Aramaic. The small band of scholars who work with Neo-Aramaic

are painfully aware that they are working against time and that they are among the few witnesses of a human tragedy that has largely been ignored by politicians and the media. No matter how gratifying the encounters with villagers and informants may be, no matter how satisfying and revealing the scholarly harvest, there is always the knowledge that those people sur- vive not only the hardships of a harsh natural environment,

but also persecution, discrimination, and even genocide, inflicted upon them by other members of the human species.

Professor Jastrow has never been reticent in this regard, and he points to it again in the introduction to this book. This re- viewer can do no better justice to its author than by omitting a few lines of philological discussion from the limited space al- lowed, in favor of an attempt to draw the attention of the read- ers of this journal to the existential plight of human beings in whom we are too easily inclined to see nothing but speakers of a language under study and potential informants. Those who need to be indicted are the ruling classes of Turkey, Iran, and Iraq, as well as Western governments, whose policies are often ignorant or criminally condoning. Also to blame are the

unenlightened media, whose reporting makes the population of the mountains north of Mosul seem uniformly Kurdish.

GEORG KROTKOFF

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

The Damascus Document Reconsidered. Edited by MAGEN BROSHI. Jerusalem: ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY and the SHRINE OF THE BOOK, ISRAEL MUSEUM, 1992. Pp. 83.

This important publication contains three articles: "The Text of CDC," by Elisha Qimron (pp. 9-49); "The Laws of the Damascus Document in Current Research," by Joseph M.

Baumgarten (pp. 51-62); and "Damascus Document: A Bib-

liography of Studies 1970-1989," by F. Garcia Martinez

(pp. 63-83). The editor, M. Broshi, introduces these items with "The Damascus Document Reconsidered" (pp. 5-7).

When Solomon Schechter first published the Damascus Document (CD) in Documents of Jewish Sectaries, vol. 1:

Fragments of a Zadokite Work (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-

versity, 1910), he included only two photographs (of cols. 1 and 20), and a faulty transcription of the two medieval manu-

scripts of CD. When I was asked to write the Prolegomenon for the reprint of Schechter's publication, I listed corrections needed for the use of that transcription (New York: Ktav, 1970, 20-24). The corrections were based on photographs re- ceived from the Cambridge University Library years before.

In this book, Qimron supplies excellent photographs of CD, made available by the same library. On facing pages, he gives an accurate transcription of the Hebrew text based not only on these photographs, but also on firsthand consultation of the manuscripts themselves, studied in ordinary and ultra-violet light. The result is a superb presentation of the text of CD found in these medieval manuscripts. Qimron retains the numbering of the columns used by Schechter, but, strangely enough, says, "The order of the pages follows Milik's suggestion, but the

but also persecution, discrimination, and even genocide, inflicted upon them by other members of the human species.

Professor Jastrow has never been reticent in this regard, and he points to it again in the introduction to this book. This re- viewer can do no better justice to its author than by omitting a few lines of philological discussion from the limited space al- lowed, in favor of an attempt to draw the attention of the read- ers of this journal to the existential plight of human beings in whom we are too easily inclined to see nothing but speakers of a language under study and potential informants. Those who need to be indicted are the ruling classes of Turkey, Iran, and Iraq, as well as Western governments, whose policies are often ignorant or criminally condoning. Also to blame are the

unenlightened media, whose reporting makes the population of the mountains north of Mosul seem uniformly Kurdish.

GEORG KROTKOFF

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

The Damascus Document Reconsidered. Edited by MAGEN BROSHI. Jerusalem: ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY and the SHRINE OF THE BOOK, ISRAEL MUSEUM, 1992. Pp. 83.

This important publication contains three articles: "The Text of CDC," by Elisha Qimron (pp. 9-49); "The Laws of the Damascus Document in Current Research," by Joseph M.

Baumgarten (pp. 51-62); and "Damascus Document: A Bib-

liography of Studies 1970-1989," by F. Garcia Martinez

(pp. 63-83). The editor, M. Broshi, introduces these items with "The Damascus Document Reconsidered" (pp. 5-7).

When Solomon Schechter first published the Damascus Document (CD) in Documents of Jewish Sectaries, vol. 1:

Fragments of a Zadokite Work (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-

versity, 1910), he included only two photographs (of cols. 1 and 20), and a faulty transcription of the two medieval manu-

scripts of CD. When I was asked to write the Prolegomenon for the reprint of Schechter's publication, I listed corrections needed for the use of that transcription (New York: Ktav, 1970, 20-24). The corrections were based on photographs re- ceived from the Cambridge University Library years before.

In this book, Qimron supplies excellent photographs of CD, made available by the same library. On facing pages, he gives an accurate transcription of the Hebrew text based not only on these photographs, but also on firsthand consultation of the manuscripts themselves, studied in ordinary and ultra-violet light. The result is a superb presentation of the text of CD found in these medieval manuscripts. Qimron retains the numbering of the columns used by Schechter, but, strangely enough, says, "The order of the pages follows Milik's suggestion, but the

but also persecution, discrimination, and even genocide, inflicted upon them by other members of the human species.

Professor Jastrow has never been reticent in this regard, and he points to it again in the introduction to this book. This re- viewer can do no better justice to its author than by omitting a few lines of philological discussion from the limited space al- lowed, in favor of an attempt to draw the attention of the read- ers of this journal to the existential plight of human beings in whom we are too easily inclined to see nothing but speakers of a language under study and potential informants. Those who need to be indicted are the ruling classes of Turkey, Iran, and Iraq, as well as Western governments, whose policies are often ignorant or criminally condoning. Also to blame are the

unenlightened media, whose reporting makes the population of the mountains north of Mosul seem uniformly Kurdish.

GEORG KROTKOFF

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

The Damascus Document Reconsidered. Edited by MAGEN BROSHI. Jerusalem: ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY and the SHRINE OF THE BOOK, ISRAEL MUSEUM, 1992. Pp. 83.

This important publication contains three articles: "The Text of CDC," by Elisha Qimron (pp. 9-49); "The Laws of the Damascus Document in Current Research," by Joseph M.

Baumgarten (pp. 51-62); and "Damascus Document: A Bib-

liography of Studies 1970-1989," by F. Garcia Martinez

(pp. 63-83). The editor, M. Broshi, introduces these items with "The Damascus Document Reconsidered" (pp. 5-7).

When Solomon Schechter first published the Damascus Document (CD) in Documents of Jewish Sectaries, vol. 1:

Fragments of a Zadokite Work (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-

versity, 1910), he included only two photographs (of cols. 1 and 20), and a faulty transcription of the two medieval manu-

scripts of CD. When I was asked to write the Prolegomenon for the reprint of Schechter's publication, I listed corrections needed for the use of that transcription (New York: Ktav, 1970, 20-24). The corrections were based on photographs re- ceived from the Cambridge University Library years before.

In this book, Qimron supplies excellent photographs of CD, made available by the same library. On facing pages, he gives an accurate transcription of the Hebrew text based not only on these photographs, but also on firsthand consultation of the manuscripts themselves, studied in ordinary and ultra-violet light. The result is a superb presentation of the text of CD found in these medieval manuscripts. Qimron retains the numbering of the columns used by Schechter, but, strangely enough, says, "The order of the pages follows Milik's suggestion, but the

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