According to myth, Romulus and Remus founded Rome in 753 BCE.

Romulus and Remus

The city of Rome began as a group of small villages located on seven hills on the Tiber River. The villages grew until they became a town and eventually this town grew into an Empire.

Around 500 BCE, the Romans overthrew the Etruscan king and established a Republic. Citizens were allowed to vote and to choose the people who would run the government.

To keep the Etruscans from regaining power, the Romans begin to attack the surrounding Etruscan cities or establish alliances with them.

The Roman Empire from 500 BCE to 117 BCE

Cities were crowded, dirty and Loud.

Most people lived in Apartments which were poorly built and often collapsed.

The wealthy lived in large, comfortable houses

To keep peace, the government offered “bread and circuses”

Bread and circuses: chariot races and Gladiator events.

Gladiators fought animals and each other. Most were enslaved people, criminals, or the poor.

They were admired similar to sports heroes today.

Family was important

Families were large

Included: Parents, young children, married children and their families, other relatives and servants.

The father was the head of the household.

The father punished children for misbehavior and arranged marriages

Wealthy families hired tutors for their children, poor families didn’t send their children to school.

Older boys studied reading, writing and public speaking at schools while older girls studied reading and writing and household skills at home.

Between 14-16 boys celebrated becoming a man. He burnt his toys as offerings

Had some rights but were not full citizens.

Had strong influence on their families.

Wives of emperors often influenced political decisions

A woman’s freedoms depended on the wealth of her husband

Women could own land, run a business, and sell property.

Managed the household, and servants.

They could attend the theater or amphitheater but had to sit in areas separate from men.

Women with less freedom spent more time working but could leave the house to shop, visit friends, worship at temple, or go to the baths.

They could hold public jobs

Imagine you are from Ancient Rome, write a letter to a friend in Greece telling him or her about your life. what do you do on a daily basis, how is your life different from theirs?What is your family life like?

THINK ABOUT THE THINGS WE DISCUSSED WITH THE ETRUSCANS, WHAT YOU SAW IN THE POWER POINTS WITH YOUR GROUP AND WHAT WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT TODAY!!!!!!

Used Greek columns and added their own features such as arches and domes. Vaulted ceilings.

Colosseum=arena

Pantheon= temple built to honor the Roman Gods

Based greatly on the Greek style of art and architecture

First to invent and use concrete.

Enjoyed plays which were based on tragedies and comedies. The Roman language of Latin became the language for European government, trade and learning.

based on Greek style.Virgil took many of his ideas from Homer.

Horace wrote Satire=poked fun at human weaknesses and Odes=told of strong emotions about life.

Roman historians recorded the events of their civilizations, Livy wrote History of Rome.

Ovid wrote tales based on Greek myths.

Engineers built a massive system of roads and bridges connecting the empires. This made travel and trade more accessible. Built aqueducts to bring water to the cities. They also developed a sewer system

Gaylon: a Greek doctor brought the study of Anatomy to Rome

Ptolemy from Alexandria, Egypt studied the sky, he mapped over 1,000 stars and studied the movement of the planets and stars.

How has Roman Architecture influenced our world today?

How has Roman Literature influenced our world today?

How has Roman Science and Engineering influenced our world today?

GIVE EXAMPLES……………

POLYTHEISTIC

Spirits lived in Natural things like trees and rivers

Honored Gods with prayer and offerings

Mars: God of War

Jupiter: Chief God/God of the Sky

Juno: Wife of the chief god

Venus: Goddess of love

Diana: Goddess of the hunt

Minerva: Goddess of Wisdom

Mercury: Messenger God

Pluto: God of the underworld

Neptune: God of the Sea

Early Romans

Both

Plebeians

Patricians

Triparite Government

Checks and Balances

Both have checks & balances to prevent one group from getting too powerful.

Rome’s government didn’t separate the powers like the U.S. does.

Senate Peoples’ Assembly

Rich nobles Common People

Consuls

Replaced kings

• 2 were elected each term

•Served one year.

•Headed the Army

•Could veto each others decisions.

•Controlled Government•Proposed laws•300 Patrician men•Served for life

•Demanded laws be written and placed in public places•Could veto laws

494 B.C. Plebeians went on strike and refused to serve in the Army.

Left the city to set up their own republic

Led to Plebeian success in gaining power.

471 B.C. Plebeians set up their own body of representatives-The Council of Plebs

Plebeians won the right to veto government decisions

Plebeians and Patricians were allowed to intermarry

Plebeians were allowed to be members of the Council

The Power of RomeRome became the most powerful state; it gained all control of the Mediterranean World.

Conquered cities became provinces of the Rome.

As a Roman province, citizens were entitled

Right to Vote

Pay Taxes

Be member of Roman Army

Rome became extremely wealthy due to all the taxes being paid by citizens.

The rich became richer and poor became poorer

A major contribution to law systems around the world.

Rome’s first set of laws= 12 Tables

The 12 tables were the basis for all future Roman laws.

Established that all free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system.

Law of Nations: stated principals of Justice that applied to all people everywhere.

Innocent until Proven Guilty

The right to defend yourself in court

Requires a judge to look at all evidence carefully before making a decision.

This was also known as----Rule of law

Rule of law is the basis of OUR legal system today.

First Punic War (264B.C.)

Rome & Carthage wanted Control of Sicily

Lasted 20 years

Romans forced Carthaginians From Sicily, and gained control.

Second Punic War (218 B.C.)Rome helped the people living in Spain rebel against Carthage.

Carthage sent it’s greatest general Hannibal to attack Rome, beginning the 2nd Punic war.

Once again Rome defeated Carthage and gained control of Spain.

Third Punic War After 50 years of peace Carthage began rebuilding. Rome attacked and burned Carthage and ruined it’s fields. The people of Carthage were either killed or sold into slavery

An End to the Republic

Rome had become so large it depended on military rulers. In 46 BCE Julius Caesar came into power.

Accomplishments of Julius Caesar

Built new buildings

Reduced taxes

Protected the rights of plebeians

Soldiers pledged loyalty to Caesar

Patricians thought Julius Caesar had too much power and murdered him in 44 BCE.

Pax RomanaOctavian, known as Augustus, became emperor in 27 BCE. This is the start of the Roman Empire. He established a 200 year period of peace known as the Pax Romana. He called himself Augustus which means “great.”

Accomplishments of Augustus

Maintained peace

Restored order to army

Established fair taxes

Constructed new roads and buildings

Encouraged art, science, and literature

Established a standard currency

Increased trade