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Accident Research Study – Jaipur (East Zone)(October 2016 to March 2017)

Submitted to

Deputy Commisioner of Police – Traffic, Jaipur

Control Room – Yaadgar,

Ajmeri Gate,

Jaipur, Rajasthan.

19th April 2017


Overview

• JPRI accident response process

• Crash Investigation Methodology

• Case Study

• Status of accident notifications

• Analysis of accidents registered at Accident Police Station (East Zone)

• Analysis of accidents examined by JPRI

• Causal and Contributing Factors

• Factors affecting accidents

• Factors affecting injuries

• Conclusions

• Support Required

19 April 2017 Accident Research Study - Jaipur (East Zone) 2


JPRI Accident Response Process


Notification Phase

• Accident Police Station (East Zone) calls and notifies JPRI about the accident.

Response phase

• JPRI team travels to the accident location.

Investigation Phase

• JPRI team arrives at the accident spot and checks for accident details and examines available vehicles and scene to have a complete picture of the accident.

Analysis phase

• All investigated cases (excluding no information cases) are considered for contributing factors analysis (human/vehicle/infrastructure).


Crash Investigation Methodology



Crash Investigation Methodology

19 April 2017 5Accident Research Study - Jaipur (East Zone)


Crash Investigation Methodology• Case Study



Crash Notification Phase

• Crash details:• Accident date: 21st October, 2016. 1900 hrs.

• Accident Location: B2-Bypass, Taron ki Koot

• Vehicles involved: M2W, Pedestrian

• Notification details:• Notification date and time: 21st October, 2016. 1905 hrs.

• Response details:• Investigation time: 21st October, 2016. 1945 hrs.



Crash Investigation Phase


Vehicle Examination Scene Examination


Crash Summary

• Unit 1 (Motorbike [M2W], 1 occupant) was travelling towards south on NH-52 near B2 Bypass. Unit 101 (Female pedestrian) was standing on a pedestrian crossing, talking to a friend, in the travel lane of M2W. On seeing the pedestrian, rider of motorbike tried to avoid impact by braking. The avoidance was unsuccessful and the motorbike impacted the pedestrian.

• The pedestrian suffered serious injuries to the leg in the crash.



Crash Reconstruction


Vehicle Travel Speed Impact Speed

Motorbike 28 kph 18 kph


Injury Correlation


1

2

1. Fractured left tibia/fibula: caused due to impact with front tyre of M2W

2. Abrasion on Left elbow: caused due to impact with windshield of M2W


Contributing Factors

• Contributing Factors for Accident

• Contributing Factors for Injury


Contributing Factor Road user involved

Pedestrian Dangerous behavior on roadway Pedestrian

Pedestrian Inattention Pedestrian

Poor Pedestrian Infrastructure - Crossing Pedestrian

Contributing Factor Road user involved

Knock-downPedestrian (Knockdown

by M2W)


Status of Accident Notifications



Notifications by Accident Police Station (East Zone)• First notification received on 4th October, 2016

• Status as on 31st March 2017:

• Total number of notifications received : 750

• Number of cases investigated by JPRI : 78

• Number of cases not investigated by JPRI : 672

• Hit and run : 9

• Vehicles not available : 540

• Late Notification : 111

• Lack of Scene evidence : 6

• Case Summary unknown : 6


Note: The above status is based on accident notifications received from October 2016 to March 2017.


Notification Status of Accident Cases Registered by Police


MonthCases registered

by policeCases Notified to

JPRI

Percentage of registered cases

notified

October 45 9 20%

November 57 11 19%

December 30 7 23%

January 50 9 18%

February 31 11 35%

March 57 16 28%

Note: The above status is based on accident notifications received from October 2016 to March 2017.


Analysis of Accidents Registered at Accident Police Station (East Zone)



Distribution of Police Registered Accidentsby Time Zone


00:00 to 05:598%

06:00 to 11:5930%

12:00 to 17:5930%

18:00 to 23:5930%

Unknown2%

60% of accidents occur between 06:00 to 17:59 Hrs (Daylight hours).

Number of accidents: 270


Distribution of Police Registered Accidentsby Injury Severity


Fatal23%

Serious9%Minor

54%

No Injury14%


54% of accidents involved Minor injury to occupants.


Percentage Distribution of Police Registered Accidentsby Road User Type Involved

3433

15

63 3 3 2 1

0

50

%

Road User Type


M2Ws are the most involved road users (34%) followed by Cars (33%).

Number of road users: 542


Percentage distribution of Road Users affected by Fatal/Serious Injury

52

33

6 5 3 10

100

M2W Pedestrian Bicycle Car M3W Minibus

%

Road User Type


No of road users with fatal/serious occupants = 86

M2Ws are the most affected road users (52%) followed by pedestrians (33%).


Percentage distribution of Police Registered Accidents by Police Station Jurisdiction

24

19

13

108 8

65

4 3

0

30

%

Police Stations (East Zone)


No of registered accidents = 270


Conclusions from Cases Registered by Police

• 60% of all registered accidents occurred between 06:00 to 17:59 Hrs

(Daylight hours).

• 54% of all registered accidents involved minor injury accidents.

• The most involved road users in an accident are M2Ws (34%) followed

by Cars (33%).

• The most affected road users in an accident are M2Ws (52%) followed

by Pedestrians (33%).


Note: The above conclusions are based on registered cases from October 2016 to March 2017.


Analysis of Accidents Investigated by JPRI



Accident Locations


Gandhi Nagar20%

Sanganer16%

Bajaj Nagar14%

Jawahar Circle13%

Malviya Nagar12%

Moti Dongri10%

Transport Nagar6%

Adarsh Nagar3%

Lal Kothi3%

Jawahar Nagar3%



Distribution of Investigated Accidents by Injury Severity


Fatal24%

Serious35%

Minor24%

No Injury16%


59% of accidents involved Fatal/Serious injuries.


Causal and Contributing Factors

Road traffic accidents and injuries are primarily influenced by three main factors :

• Human

• Vehicle

• Infrastructure

Each of these factors can influence an accident or injury causation independently…


Human

InfrastructureVehicle


Causal and Contributing Factors

… or as a combination.

For e.g.

Human and Vehicle factors, Human and Infrastructure factors, Vehicle and Infrastructure factors, or all three together.

This aims to determine the various factors influencing accidents and the subsequent injuries.


Human

InfrastructureVehicle

h-v h-i

v-i

h-v-i


Contributing Factors for Accidents

The 78 accidents examined have been distributed by their contributing factor(s) and shown in the figure alongside.

The numbers in the figure are percentage of the total number of accidents examined.

Hence, the influence of each factor for causation of accidents is:

Human : 87%

Vehicle : 6%

Infrastructure : 37%


58%

9%4%

1% 27%

0%

1%

Human (87%)

Vehicle (6%) Infrastructure (37%)


Human Factors Influencing Accidents



Conditions No. of Accidents % Influenced

Driver inattention

(12 Cars, 4 M2Ws, 2 Buses)18 23%

Improper lane change/lane usage

(3 M2Ws, 6 Cars, 3 Unk. vehicles)12 15%

Pedestrian - Dangerous behavior on roadway

(9 Pedestrians)9 12%

Speeding: Exceeding speed limit

(7 Cars, 1 M2W, 1 Truck)9 12%

Disobeyed traffic signal

(3 M2Ws, 4 Cars, 2 Bicyclist)9 12%

Following too closely

(2 M2Ws, 2 Car, 1 Bus)5 6%

Illegal road usage

(2 Cars, 1 Truck, 1 Unk Veh, 1 Other vehicle)5 6%

Stopped due to traffic

(1 M2W, 2 Cars, 1 Truck)4 5%


Vehicle Factors Influencing Accidents



Overloading people(1 M2W, 1 M3W)

2 3%

Defective brakes(2 Buses)

2 3%



Infrastructure Factors Influencing Accidents



Poor road signage/markings(12 Cars, 3 M2Ws, 1 M3W, 1 Bus)

17 22%

Poor street lighting(3 M2Ws, 2 Cars, 1 Truck)

6 8%

Poor pedestrian infrastructure – Crossing(6 Pedestrians)

6 8%

Work zone(1 M2W, 2 Car)

3 4%

Animal/Object on roadway(2 M2Ws, 1 Car)

3 4%

Vision obstruction due to trees/plantation(3 Cars)

3 4%

Gap-in-median(1 M2W, 2 Cars)

3 4%



Infrastructure Factors


Problem: Pedestrian dangerous behavior on roadwaySolution: Raise the medians and install fences inside the median (except for pedestrian crossings) in order to ensure usage of the pedestrian crossings.

Problem: No/Improper Road MarkingsSolution: Provide road markings (solid lines) to separate both travel directions along with markings on the edge of the road.


Contributing Factors for Injury

The 46 accidents resulting intofatal/serious injuries examinedhave been distributed by theircontributing factor(s) and shownin the figure alongside.

The numbers in the figure arepercentage of the total numberof accidents examined whichresulted into serious and fatalinjuries.

Hence, the influence of eachfactor for causation of injury is:

Human : 9%

Vehicle : 85%

Infrastructure : 16%


0%

9%83%

2% 7%

0%

0%

Human (9%)

Vehicle (85%) Infrastructure (16%)


Human Factors Influencing Injury



Helmet not used(3 M2Ws)

3 7%

Seat belt not used(1 Car)

1 2%



Vehicle Factors Influencing Injury



Knock-down*(13 Cars, 9 M2Ws, 2 Trucks, 3

Buses, 1 Tractor)28 61%

Run over* (7 Trucks, 4 Buses)

11 24%

Ejection(1 M3W, 2 Cars)

3 7%

Fall down(2 M2Ws)

2 4%


*For Knock-down and Run over factors, the road users causing the injury are mentioned in brackets


Infrastructure Factors Influencing Injury



Object impact - road side - manmade structures.(3 M2Ws)

3 7%

Object impact - road side –trees/plantation.

(2 M2Ws)2 4%



Infrastructure Factors


Problem: Unguarded flower pots on the median and the side of the road.Solution: Removal of all flower pots on the roadside and median.

Damaged flower pot

Undamaged flower pot

Problem: Unguarded trees on road.Solution: Trees close to the road/on road should be guarded to reduce injury severity during accidents.


Conclusions – Top 3 Factors (Accident)


Human (87%) Vehicle (6%) Infrastructure (37%)

Driver inattention (23%) Overloading people (3%)Poor road

signage/markings(22%)

Improper lane change/lane usage (15%)

Defective brakes (3%)Poor street lighting

(8%)

Pedestrian dangerous behavior on roadway

(12%)-

Poor pedestrian infrastructure – Crossing

(8%)

Note: The above conclusions are based on crashes investigated from October 2016 to March 2017.


Conclusions – Top 3 Factors (Injury)


Human(9%) Vehicle (85%) Infrastructure(16%)

Helmet not used (7%)Knockdown (61%) Object impact - road side -

manmade structures (7%)

Seat belts not used (2%) Run-over (24%)Object impact - road side –

trees/plantation (4%)

-Ejection

(7%)-

Note: The above conclusions are based on crashes investigated from October 2016 to March 2017.


Support Required

• The percentage of registered cases notified is still low. We hope to receive notifications for all cases in the future.

• Access to FIR copies of all the accident cases registered in all police stations governed by Accident Police Stations in whole of Jaipur city (to get detailed summary of accidents).

• Official letter to grant JPRI access to CCTV footages of accidents which would help in improving the research.

• We also hope to get on site crash investigation assistance from Police.



Thank You!


We look forward to your continued support in this joint initiative towards safer roads in Jaipur city.

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