accepted abstracts agrinano-2015

1

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Venue: INSTITUTE OF FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY

Theme: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF

NANOPARTICLES (SC)

S.No. Code TITLE AND DETAILS

1. SCOP-1 SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 7-FLUORO-3-SUBSTITUTED-1,2,4-TRIAZOLO[3,4-B]BENZOTHIAZOLES CAPPED SILVER NANOPARTICLES (FTB-AgNPs) AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENT

Anjali Sidhu, Sharu Kukreja, Alpharaj Mekapogu, Vineet Kumar

2. SCOP-2 SILVER NANOPARTICLES CAPPED WITH TRIAZOL-2-YLDITHIOCARBAMATES AS POTENTIAL ANTIFUNGALS

Khushbu Gumber, Anjali Sidhu, Alpharaj Mekapogu, Vineet Kumar

3. SCOP-3 PHYTOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF ZINC NANOPARTICLES FROM LEAVES EXTRACTS AND INFLUENCE ON SOIL EXO-ENZYME ACTIVITY AND GROWTH OF PEANUT PLANTS

Sri Sindhura K, Prasad TNVKV, Panneer Selvam P and Hussain OM

4. SCOP-4 STUDY ON EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND DURATION ON SIZE OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

Rajendran D, Partha Sarathi Swain, Rao SBN

5. SCOP-5 EMERGING TRENDS IN SYNTHESIS OF CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZERS

Madhavi V, Anna Tanuja Safala B, Rajitha B, Venkanna M and Ramesh T

6. SCOP-6 EFFECT OF NANO-CRYSTALLITE SIZE AND Li+ ION ON STRUCTURAL AND FERROELECTRIC STUDIES OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SBNN CERAMICS FOR DEVICE APPLICATIONS

Viswarupachary P, Venkata Rao Chowdhary Ch and Chandra Mouli

7. SCOP-7 GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING PIMPINELLA TIRUPATIENSIS BAL & SUBR AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Vipranarayana S, Prasad TNVKV, Madhavi V, Damodharam T

8. SCOP-8 BIOSYNTHESIS OF ZINC NANOPARTICALS BY ASPERGILLUS AS ZINC NANOFERTILIZER

2

Savalgi VP

9. SCOP-9 SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES USING MICROBES

Shaheda Nasreen S, Patibanda AK, Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R, Khayum AS, Ranga Rani A, Sunil Kumar Y, Chandra Sekhar Y

10. SCOP-10 GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CANCER THERAPY

Sreekanth TVM and In-Yong Eom

11. SCOP-11 GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR USE AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENS

Nargund VB, Chikkanna Swamy, Madhu S. Giri, Jayalakshmi K, Hulagappa and Pradeep Manyam

12. SCOP-12 EXTRACTION OF NATURAL NANOSCALE CLAY PARTICLES FROM RED SOILS AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION

Prasad TNVKV, Reddy PVRM, Nagamadhuri KV and Giridharakrishna T


Theme: NANOTECHNOLOGY: AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE (NA)


1. NAOP-1 NANO-HERBICIDE TO EXHAUST THE WEED SEED BANK

Akshata S Patil, Roopadevi and Vinod S Sankari

2. NAOP-2 BIOSENSOR AND AGRICULTURE IN NANOTECHNOLOGY

Vinod S Sankari, Akshata S Patil and Roopadevi

3. NAOP-3 EFFICACY OF NANO ZINC OXIDE SEED PRIMING IN RADISH

Hajira Khanm, Rameshraddy, Muktha J, Basava Rajeshwari, Shankar AG

4. NAOP-4 BREAKING DORMANCY IN THE TUBERS OF THE WORLD’S

WORST WEED THE CYPERUS ROTUNDUS BY IRON

NANOPARTICLES

Viji N and Chinnamuthu CR

5. NAOP-5 IMPACT OF NANO PARTICLES ON SELECTED CROP

Sahaja Deva

6. NAOP-6 NANOSTRUCTURAL BASIS OF FOOD PRODUCT QUALITY

3

Vinod S Sankari, Roopadevi and Akshata S Patil

7. NAOP-7 NANOAGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION

Roopadevi, Akshata S Patil and Vinod S Sankari

8. NAOP-8 FOOD PATHOGEN DETECTION BY USING NANO-

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Roopadevi, Vinod S Sankari and Akshata S Patil

9. NAOP-9 NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN CROP

IMPROVEMENT

Jhansi Rani P, Satyanarayana PV , Lal Ahamed M and Chamundeswari N

10. NAOP-10 ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURE

Naseeruddin R, Prasad TNVKV and Sumathi V

11. NAOP-11 NANO HERBICIDES- A SMART WAY OF NANO TECHNOLOGY

FOR ERADICATION OF WEEDS

Shobha Rani P and Prathima T

12. NAOP-12 NANOTECHNOLOGY: A POTENTIAL TOOL IN SPICE, AROMATIC

AND DRUG INDUSTRY

Surya Kumari S, Giridhar K and Naram Naidu L

13. NAOP-13 FORTIFICATION AND MODIFICATION IN AGRICULTURE

THROUGH NANOTECHNOLOGY

Sharath Kumar Reddy Y, Eswara Reddy G, Nagendra Reddy B, Deepthi

kiran Y

14. NAOP-14 IMPACT OF NANO ZnO SPRAY IN INFLUENCING THE

GROWTH AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF BRASSICA CROPS

Satisha GC, Prasad TNVKV, Bharathi K, Shruthi TS, Mazhar Jamil and

Ganeshamurthy AN

15. NAOP-15 ADULTERANT, MYCOTOXIN AND BIO-CONTAMINANT

DETECTION IN SPICES: RELEVANCE OF NANO-TECHNOLOGY

Giridhar K, Surya Kumari S and Naram Naidu L

16. NAOP-16 NANOTECHNOLOGY-APPLICATION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT

Hemalatha V, Dilip Babu J, RVSK Reddy and Rajasekhar M

17. NAOP-17 BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF MGO NANOPARTICLES ON MUNG

BEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L.) PLANT GROWTH PARAMETERS

Siva Kumari B, Jayarambabu N, Venkateswara Rao K, Prabhu YT

18. NAOP-18 EFFECT OF NANO ZNO PARTICLES ON GERMINATION AND

4

SEEDLING VIGOUR IN RABI SORGHUM

Poornima R and Koti RV

19. NAOP-19 THE ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN HORTICULTURAL

CROPS

Koteswara Rao G, Ashok P and Sasikala K

20. NAOP-20 EFFECT OF TIME OF APPLICATION AND CONCENTRATION

NANO ZINC SULPHIDE (ZnS) ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF

SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

Dharam Singh Meena, Aravinda Kumar BN and Savalgi VP

21. NAOP-21 NANONEPHROLOGY:A NOVEL TOOL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Saisruthi K and Sreedevi A

22. NAOP-22 NANOPESTICIDES FOR ENHANCED EFFICACY AND GREENER

ENVIRONMENT

Pinnamaneni Rajasekhar and Potineni Kalidas

23. NAOP-23 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND

MANAGEMENT

Santoshreddy Machenahalli, Nargund, VB and Madhu S Giri

24. NAOP-24 AN OVERVIEW OF NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN

AGRONOMY

Srinivasulu DV, Prabhakara Reddy G, Nagarjuna V and Prajapati P

25. NAOP-25 EFFICIENCY OF NANOFERTILIZERS IN AGRICULTURE

Vakada Manasa, Chaitra SP, Hebsur NS, Hebbara M and NargundVB

26. NAOP-26 NANOTECHNOLOGY: A POTENTIAL TOOL IN SPICE, AROMATIC

AND DRUG INDUSTRY

Surya Kumari S, Giridhar K and Naram Naidu L

27. NAOP-27 POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN

AGRICULTURE

Nagamani C and Deepthi Kiran Y

28. NAOP-28 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTION

Reshma A, Parlapalli Sharmila and Bhagavatha Priya T

29. NAOP-29 APPLICATIONS OF NANO-SENSORS IN PRECISION FARMING

Parlapalli Sharmila, Kadiri mohan, Amasa Reshma

30. NAOP-30 ROLE OF AGRINANO TECHNOLOGY FOR SECOND GREEN

REVOLUTION

Parlapalli Sharmila, Kadiri mohan, Amasa Reshma

5

31. NAOP-31 ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND

ANIMAL SCIENCES

Sukumar K, Swapna G, Kumar G, Udaya Bhanu K, Praveen Kumar Y,

PedaBabu B, Kaladhar Babu K and Raghu B

32. NAOP-32 ASSESSMENT OF PLANT DISEASE THROUGH

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Somashekhargouda Patil and Poornima R

33. NAOP-33 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE

Sasikala K and Ashok P

34. NAOP-34 NANOTECHNOLOGY ROLE IN HORTICULTURE

Majjiga Komala

35. NAOP-35 SCOPE OF NANO TECHNOLOGY IN PATHOGEN CONTROL

Jyosthna MK, Chaithanya BH, Naga Lakshmi T, Khayum Ahmmed S, Anil

Kumar P, Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R.

36. NAOP-36 AN OVERVIEW OF NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH

ACTIVITES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Vijay Kumar Naik D , Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R, Reddy BVB

37. NAOP-37 INSECTS AND NANOSCIENCE: AN INTIMACY

Naveena NL, Saroja S and Ranganath HR

38. NAOP-38 POTENTIALS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CONTROLLED

ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE

Basavesha, KN, Poornima R Noor Nawaz AS and Jagadeesh YDK

39. NAOP-39 NANOTECHNOLOGY: SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA


40. NAOP-40 NANOCOMPOSITES - FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF NANO-

TECHNOLOGY

Sreedevi A and Prasanthi D

41. NAOP-41 FUNGICIDAL ACTION OF THE MYCOGENIC SILVER

NANOPARTICLES AGAINST ASPERGILLUS NIGER INCITING

COLLAR ROT DISEASE IN GROUNDNUT.

Bhaskar B, Khayum Ahammed S, Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R and Prasad

TNVKV

42. NAOP-42 EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT PESTS BY PHEROMONE

NANOGELS

Jahnavi M, Ramakrishna Rao A, Venkateshwarulu NC, Devaki K

6


Theme: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (SA)


1. SAOP-1 FUTURE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF SUGARCANE AS AN ENERGY CROP

Rana DP Singh, Abhishek Kumar Singh, Singh RK, Singh J, Tripathi RD, Raj SK, Jagdish Prasad and Upendra K Singh

2. SAOP-2 EVALUATION OF DIVERSE PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN L. MILLSP.) GERMPLASM LINES FOR HIGH PHOSPHOROUS UPTAKE THROUGH ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY

Manikanta S, Aftab Hussain

3. SAOP-3 SELECTION CRITERIA FOR ENHANCING THE YIELD IN MAIZE UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONSGovind Narayan*, Singh

HC and Khan MA Email- [email protected]

4 . SAOP-4 SURVEY AND PREVALENCE OF ASPERISPORIUM CARICAE, INCITANT OF BLACK LEAF SPOT OF PAPAYA AND EVALUATION OF CERTAIN NEW FUNGICIDAL

Reddi Kumar M, Giridhara Krishna T and Raja Reddy K

5. SAOP-5 YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN SWEET SORGHUM AS INFLUENCED BY MAJOR NUTRIENTS

Ganga Devi M, SRIDHAR V, Munidra Naidu SM and Naidu MVS

6. SAOP-6 DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM SUPPLYING POWER OF RICE GROWING SOILS OF KURNOOL DISTRICT, A.P BY NEUBAUER’S SEEDLING METHOD

Siva Prasad PN, Kavitha P, Sreenivasa Chari M and Srinivasa Reddy M

7. SAOP-7 ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN GREENGRAM [Vigna radiata (L.)

Narasimhulu R, Naidu NV, Reddy KHP, Rajan CPD and Mohan Naidu G

8. SAOP-8 EVALUATION OF MEDIUM DURATION PEARL MILLET HYBRIDS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS

Madhavilatha L and Subba Rao M

9. SAOP-9 EVALUATION OF THE EARLY CLONES FOR CANE YIELD

mailto:[email protected]

7

AND JUICE QUALITY PARAMETERS IN PLANT AND RATOON CROPS OF SOUTHERNZONE, A.P

Sabitha N, Hemanth Kumar M, Subba Rao M, Sarala NV, Vajantha B, and Hemalatha T

10. SAOP-10 SOIL FERTILITY STATUS, YIELD, QUALITY OF SUGARCANE AND JAGGERY AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Vajantha B, Sarala NV, Hemanth Kumar M and Subba Rao M

11. SAOP-11 GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES FOR YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN BAJRA

Ravi S, Subba Rao M, Reddi sekhar M, Sudhakar P and Madhavi latha L

12. SAOP-12 PROTEIN NETWORK ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY COMMON DRUG TARGETS AGAINST BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT AND BACTERIAL LEAF STREAK PATHOGENS OF RICE

Hemanth Kumar M, Umamaheswari A, Sivakrishna V and Sudheer Kumar K

13. SAOP-13 STUDIES ON COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.)

Trivikrama Reddy A and Reddisekhar M

14. SAOP-14 SEQUENCE DIVERSITY OF MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC INDIA VIRUS INFECTING BLACKGRAM IN ANDHRA PRADESH.

Bhaskara Reddy BV, Obaiah S, Prasanthi L, Shareef M, Saradha Jayalakshmi R

15. SAOP-15 INHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES IN MAIZE SEEDLINGS BY TREATMENT WITH TOXIC CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC

Adam S, Murthy SDS, Fareeda G, Prasad TNVKV

16. SAOP-16 EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND WEED MANAGEMENT ON POST HARVEST SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS IN PADDY UNDER AEROBIC CULTURE

Tirumala Reddy S

17. SAOP-17 IDENTIFICATION AND PYRAMIDING OF GENES FOR DROUGHT RESISTANCE , YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF GROUNDNUT

Vasanthi RP, Amaravathi Y, Sudhakar P, Latha P, Siva kumar E,

8

Jhansi Rani P, Purushotham M, Kiran Jyothi G and Giridharakrishna T

18 . SAOP-18 ITK LED AGRICULTURE IN PADDY AND GROUNDNUT CROPS OF YSR DISTRICT

Ramalakshmi devi S and Padmodaya B

19. SAOP-19 IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF RESISTANCE FOR BLAST AT MARUTERU, ANDHRA PRADESH

Chamundeswari N, Satyanarayana PV, Krishnam Raju S, Bhuvaneswari V, Girija Rani M, Vishnu Vardhan KM, Ravi Kumar

BNVSR, Ramana Rao PV and Vishnuvardhan Reddy A

20. SAOP-20 IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF MUNG (VIGNA RADIATE L.) FLOUR ON SOLVENT RETENTION CAPACITY OF MUNG-WHEAT COMPOSITE FLOUR.

Thiruchenduran S and Priyadharshani WMD

21 . SAOP-21 SOIL HEALTH ISSUES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

Yamini M, Thanusha R and Vedadri U

22. SAOP-22 STUDIES ON HETEROSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)

Raghu B, Suresh J, Usharani G, Saidaiah P and Sudheer Kumar S

23. SAOP-23 CORRELATION STUDIES BETWEEN YIELD, YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND DROUGHT TOLERANT TRAITS IN MUNGBEAN

Govardhan G, Hariprasad Reddy K, Mohan Reddy D, Sudhakar P and Bhaskara Reddy BV

24. SAOP-24 EFFECT OF BASAL Vs SPLIT APPLICATION OF FARM YARD MANURE ON SOIL AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE

Sreelatha T, Rama Lakshmi ChS and Veerabhadrarao K

25. SAOP-25 GENOMICS ASSISTED BREEDING FOR PULSES

Thanusha R and Yamini M

9


Theme: NANOTECHNOLOGY: ENVIRONMENT, TEXTILES, ISSUES AND POLICES (NE)


1. NEOP-1 ROLE OF NANOPARTICLES TO IMPROVE ANTIMICROBIAL PACKING IN FOOD INDUSTRY

Perapogu Sreevani and Perapogu Vinod Kumar

2. NEOP-2 STRATEGY FOR INTRODUCING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY OF INDIA

M. Shiresha and D. Anitha

3. NEOP-3 NANO SCALE MATERIALS IN SOIL AND WATER REMEDIATION

Naveen Kumar B

4. NEOP-4 HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF NANOTOXICITY

Galla Rajitha and Chandi Priya S

5. NEOP-5 ETHICAL, LEGAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AGRINANOTECHNOLOGY

Viswanath Buddolla

6. NEOP-6 IMPACT OF NEW SEED BILL ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE

Madhan Mohan Reddy CH, Sreedhar M, Keshavulu K, Prasad TNVKV

7. NEOP-7 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN OECD COUNTRIES

Naga Jyothi M , Aparna B, Shiney Israel K

8. NEOP-8 NANOTECHNOLOGY- BOON OR A BANE: A NANOTOXICITY PERSPECTIVE

Noor Nawaz AS, Basavesh KN, Poornima R and Chaya S Patil

9. NEOP-9 NANOPOLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT

Sailaja K, Chiranjeevi N, Khayum ahammed S, Anil kumar P, R. Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi

10. NEOP-10 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN WATER PURIFICATION

10

Chaitra SP and Vakada Manasa

11. NEOP-11 ECOTOXICITY OF ENGINEERED NANOSCALE MATERIALS – AN AGRICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Murali G, Nagamadhuri KV, Reddy PVRM, Giridhara Krishna T and Prasad TNVKV

Theme: NANOTECHNOLOGY IN VETERINARY SCIENCES (NV)

CENTRAL AUDITORIUM, MAIN BUILDING, COLLEGE OF VETERINARY

SCIENCE, S.V.V.U, TIRUPATI- 517 502

2.15 PM-5.30PM, 11-03-2015


1. NVOP-1 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF CITRATE AND CINNAMOMUM VERA EXTRACT MEDIATED NANOSILVER IN RATS

Sreevani P, Adilaxmamma K, Alpha Raj M, Eswara Prasad P, Prasad TNVKV

2. NVOP-2 EFFECT OF NANO ZINC FEEDING IN ANIMAL PERFORMANCES

Partha Sarathi S, George Dominic, Bhakthavatsalam KVS

3. NVOP-3 USE OF NANO MINERALS IN DAIRY INDUSTRY

Srinivasa Rao D

4. NVOP-4 COMBATING BACTERIAL RESISTANCE - pGlO PLASMID TRANSFORMED ESCHERICHIA COLI HB 101 K-12 A NOVEL MODEL FOR SCREENING AGAINST β-LACTAMASE RESISTANCE

Alpha Raj M, Muralidhar Y, Sravanthi Mannem, Shoba T, Sirisha P, TNVKV Prasad, Adilaxmamma K, Anand Kumar P

5. NVOP-5 DOPING OF EDIBLE COATINGS WITH NANOMATERIALS AND THEIR EFFECT ON QUALITY AND SAFETY OF MEAT- A REVIEW

Bhagath YB and Manjula K

6. NVOP-6 EVALUATION OF AMELIORATING EFFECT OF PHYTOGENIC NANOSILVER IN AFLATOXICOSIS IN BROILERS

Ravi Babu G, Srilatha Ch, Sujatha K, Srinivasuslu D, Adilaxmamma

11

K, Prasad TNVKV, Alpha Raj M.

7. NVOP-7 INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION ALONE RESULTS IN BIOAVAILABILITY OF NANOSILVER: A PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY IN MURRAH BUFFALOES

Siva Manohar Rao V, Adilaxmamma K, Alpha Raj M, Eswara Prasad P, Prasad TNVKV, Dilip Reddy G

8. NVOP-8 PROSPECTS OF ANIMAL & VETERINARY NANO TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW

Hina Ashraf Waiz, Sunita Pareek and Barkha Gupta

9. NVOP-9 NANOTECHNOLGY: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TOOL TO COMBAT MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

Uday Sankar Allam

10. NVOP-10 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LANSOPRAZOLE LOADED NANOSPONGES

Priyanka KS, Sai Lakshmi BNS, Nagaraju R

11. NVOP-11 PHYTOCHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED NANO SILVER PARTICLES USING BOSWELLIC ACID HAS POTENTIATED ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INDUCED MURINE MASTITIS

Muralidhar Yegireddy, M Alpha Raj, TNVKV Prasad, K Adilaxmamma, G Srinivasarao, Ch Srilatha

12. NVOP-12 SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES-A CHALLENEGING NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Sandhya Rani J* and Vidyavathi M

13. NVOP-13 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING PROPERTIES OF NANOSILVER AND PHYTOGENIC NANOSILVER IN WISTAR RATS

Aparna Reddy N, Eswara Prasad P, Padmaja K, Adilaxmamma K, Alpha Raj M, Prasad TNVKV.

12

Theme: VETERINARY SCIENCES (VS)

CENTRAL AUDITORIUM, MAIN BUILDING, COLLEGE OF VETERINARY

SCIENCE, S.V.V.U, TIRUPATI- 517 502

9.30 AM onwards, 12-03-2015


1. VSOP-1 ENVIRONMENTALLY CONTROLLED DAIRY HOUSING SYSTEM - A NOVEL APPROACH

Ravindra Reddy Y

2. VSOP-2 BINDING MECHANISM OF LUPEOL COMPOUND WITH HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN

Monika K, Aparna R, Daniel Y, Rajagopal S

3. VSOP-3 BIODISTRIBUTION AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF SESBANIA MOSAIC VIRUS (SeMV) IN MICE

Vishnu Vardhan GP, Koteswara Rao G, Hema M, Savithri HS and Murthy MRN

4. VSOP-4 OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN BPA TREATED CHICK EMBRYOS

Sravani J, Padmaja K, Eswara Prasad P, Srilatha Ch

5 . VSOP-5 INFLUENCE OF MEAT PARTICLE SIZE ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF RESTRUCTURED MUTTON SLICES

Bhaskar Reddy GV, Sen AR, Sudhakara Reddy K, Kondal Reddy K, Madhava Rao T and Kondaiah N

6. VSOP-6 KNOWLEDGE ON POULTRY FARMING OFCOMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMERS OF ANDHRAPRADESH

Harilal R

7. VSOP-7 SARCOPTIC MANGE IN A PERSIAN CAT

Revathi P, Bharathi B, Syaama Sundar N, Sivasudharsan L

8. VSOP-8 CLINICO – HEMATOLOGICAL STUDIES ON BOVINE LYMPHOSARCOMA IN CROSSBRED CATTLE

Sujatha K, Vinod Kumar N, Venu R, Nalini Kumari N and Srilatha Ch

9. VSOP-9 A RETROSPECTIVE LABORATORY DATA (2010-2014) ON PARASITISM IN DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK AND WILD

13

ANIMALS IN AND AROUND TIRUPATI

Venu R, Amrutha D, Srinivasa Rao K, Rama Devi P and Ramya V

10. VSOP-10 EFFECT OF MYCOTOXINS ON SERUM ENZYMES IN POULTRY

Ashok Kumar Devarasetti, Vasili Ashok, Purushotham Rao G

11. VSOP-11 DETECTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TOXIN GENES BY MULTIPLEX PCR

Radhika B, Vinod Kumar N, Lahari L and Sudheer Babu G

12. VSOP-12 COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF PCR WITH CONVENTIONAL CULTURAL METHODS IN DETECTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS

Chinta Siva Swetha, Angalakuditi Jagadeesh Babu, Thirtam Madhava Rao, Enumula Kumar

13. VSOP-13 LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SAHIWAL COWS ON GROUNDNUT HAULM BASED COMPLETE DIET

Praveen Kumar Reddy K, Ravindra Reddy Y, Suresh Babu D and Suryanarayana MVLN

14. VSOP-14 STUDY ON ANTIBIOGRAM FOR COMMON MICRO-ORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MASTITIS MILK SAMPLES

Lahari Laddika, Vinod Kumar N, Radhika B and Sudheer Babu G

15 . VSOP-15 INTESTINAL PARAMPHISTOMOSIS IN SHEEP –CASE REPORT

Pavan Kumar C, Syaama Sundar N, Praveena G, Chaitanya KJ

16. VSOP-16 ANCHYLOSTOMOSIS IN A MONGREL DOG ----- A CASE REPORT

Praveena G , Syaama Sundar N, Pavan Kumar C

17. VSOP-17 C →T VARIATION IN TLR2 GENE AND MASTITIS SUSCEPTABILITY IN BOVINES

Prebavathy T, Thanislass J, Lydia D, Ganesan R and Mukhopadhyay HK

18 . VSOP-18 EFFECT OF COW URINE ON LIVER MICROSOMAL ENZYMES IN RATS

Rashmi R, Jagadeesh, Sanganal S and Shridhar NB

19. VSOP-19 INFLUENCE OF EARLY WEANING ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF SOWS

14

Sravanthi V, Suresh babu D, Anitha A, Asha latha P and Eswara Rao.

20. VSOP-20 AVAILABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AMONG DAIRY FARMERS IN CHITTOOR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH.

Triveni G

21. VSOP-21 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SODIUM ALGINATE IN LOW FAT CHEVON PATTIES

Indumathi J

22. VSOP-22 HAEMAPHYSALIS SPP. INFESTATION IN A RESCUED LEOPARD (PANTHERA PARDUS)

Venu R, Rama Devi P, Arun SP, Nasreen A and Preethi M

23. VSOP-23 GENETIC PARAMETERS OF EGG QUALITY TRAITS IN TWO STRAINS OF JAPANESE QUAILS

Punya Kumari B, Ramesh Gupta B and Gnana prakash M

24. VSOP-24

MICROSTRUCTURE OF PINEAL GLAND IN ADULT SHEEP (OVIS ARIES)

Raju NKB, Gopikrishna B, Reddy Dhyana V, Supriya B and Bhagyalakshmi J

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15

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Date: 11-03-2015 (4.00 PM to 6.00PM)


Theme: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF

NANOPARTICLES (SC)


1. SCPP-1 GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND CATALYZED REDUCTION OF 3-NITROPHENOL (3-NP)

Himagirish kumar S and Jyothi NVV

2. SCPP-2 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERIC NANO-FORMULATION OF ACEPHATE

Venugopal NVS and Sainadh NVS

3. SCPP-3 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NANO-LIME FOR EFFECTIVE REMEDIATION OF ACID SOILS

Bhargavrami Reddy and K. S. Subramanian

4. SCPP-4 BIOSYNTHESIS OF SIVER NANOPARTICLES BY AZADIRACHTA INDICA AND ITS ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST POWDERY MILDEWS ON BER (ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA)’

Megharaj M, Sharanagouda H, Kalal AY, Nagaraj N, Udaykumar N

5. SCPP-5 CHARACTERIZATION AND VALIDATION OF GREEN SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM ADANSONIA DIGITATA (L.) STEM BARK. AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT.

Maruti Kesava Kumar Ch, Yugandhar P and N. Savithramma

6. SCPP-6 ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND ITS ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST FUSARIUM INCARNATUM ASSOCIATED WITH CROSSANDRA WILT IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Mallaiah B, Chinna muthu CR and Muthamilan M

7. SCPP-7 SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES USING PLANT EXTRACTS

Abraham K, Ramesh P, Suresh B and Damodharam T

16

8. SCPP-8 LEAF EXTRACT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANO PARTICLES: NOVEL APPROACH TOWARDS WEED UTILIZATION

Prathima T, Prasad TNVK, Devaki K and Shobha Rani P

9. SCPP-9 SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING THE MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT LEAF EXTRACTS OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS AND ENICOSTEMA AXILLARE AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Nagalakshmi Devamma M, Durga Prameela G and Prasad TNVKV

10. SCPP-10 GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NANO IRON PARTICLES

Vakada Manasa, Chaitra SP, Hebsur NS and Hebbara M, Nargund VB

11. SCPP-11 EVALUATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF BIOGENIC AMMONIA (UREOLYTIC BACTERIA) MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER DOPED CALCIUM HYDROXY APATITE

Supraja N

Date: 11-03-2015 (4.00 PM to 6.00PM)


Theme: NANOTECHNOLOGY: AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE (NA)


1. NAPP-1 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: SCOPE AND ITS

CURRENT RELEVANCE

Koteshi Lamani

2. NAPP-2 BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON

RICE PLANTS

Rameshraddy, Pavithra GJ, Hajira khanm and Shankar AG

3. NAPP-3 DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SOLID LIPID

NANOPARTICLES FOR EFFECTIVE ORAL DELIVERY OF

CUCUMIN

Sowmya C and Lava Kumar V

4. NAPP-4 APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN

17

AGRICULTURE PRACTICES

Vinod Kumar P and Kishore Kumar Yadav N

5. NAPP-5 EFFECT OF TiO2 NANO PARTICLES ON SEED GERMINATION

AND GROWTH OF TOMATO

Bimal Das, Priya B, Debnath K, Satyanarayana NH, Sarkar KK and

Mukherjee S

6. NAPP-6 IMPACT OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES ON GROWTH AND

METABOLISM OF MAIZE

Elanchezhian R, Dameshwar Kumar and Guhey A

7. NAPP-7 NATURAL NANOPARTICLES IN SOME INSECTS

Harathi PN, Snehasish Routray, Shilpakala V, Lalitha K

8. NAPP-8 NANODEVICES FOR SCALING UP OF PRODUCTIVITY IN

HORTICULTURE

Lalitha Kadiri, Gopal K, Mohan Kadiri, Sadarunissa S and Madhumathi C

9. NAPP-9 CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS USING NANO PARTICLES-

NOVEL APPROACH

Hemasree E, Devaki K, Muralikrishna T, Ramakrishna Rao A, Giridhara

Krishna T

10. NAPP-10 APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT DISEASE

MANAGEMENT

Ranga Rani A, Khayum Ahammed S, Patibanda AK, Sarada Jayalakshmi

Devi R, Shaheda Nasreen S, Chandra Sekhar Y, Sunil kumar Y

11. NAPP-11 NANOPARTICLES AS SMART TREATMENT-DELIVERY

SYSTEMS IN PLANTS

Chandra Sekhar Y, Khayum Ahammed S, Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R,

Prasad TNVKV, Sunil Kumar Y, Ranga Rani A, Shaheda Nasreen S

12. NAPP-12 NANOTECHNOLOGY AND IT’S APPLICATIONS IN INSECT PEST

MANAGEMENT

Venkata Reddy LP and Hari Prasad KV

13. NAPP-13 NANOTECHNOLOGY-MONITORING QUALITY OF AGRICUL-

TURAL PRODUCTS

Shantha Kumari T

14. NAPP-14 NANOTECHNOLOGY- A BOON TO AGRICULTURE

Chamundeswari N, Satyanarayana PV, Ravi Kumar BVNSR, Girija Rani M

, Ranmana Rao PV and MohanVishnuvardhan K

15. NAPP-15 NANO-HERBICIDES NEW VISTAS OF WEED MANAGEMENT IN

18

PRECISION AGRICULTURE

Reddi Ramu Y and Sunitha N

16. NAPP-16 EFFECT OF NANO SIZED CALCIUM OXIDE ON CALCIUM

UPTAKE, KERNEL QUALITY AND YIELD IN GROUNDNUT

CROP

Sujatha K, Latha P, Sudhakar P, Prasad TNVKV and Giridhara Krishna T

17. NAPP-17 EVIDENCE BASED IMPACT OF NANO SCALE

MICRONUTRIENTS ON CROP GROWTH

Sudhakar P, Prasad TNVKV, Latha P, Giridhra Krishna T and Raja Reddy

K

18. NAPP-18 EFFECT OF NANO BASED FERROUS OXIDE PARTICLES ON

LUTEIN AND β -CAROTENE CONTENTS IN GREEN LEAFY

VEGETABLES

Latha P, Sujatha K, Sudhakar P, Prasad TNVKV and Giridhara Krishna T

19. NAPP-19 EFFECT OF NANO SCALE CAO ON MOBILITY,

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND

YIELD COMPONENTS IN GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEAE

L.)”

Deepa M, Sudhakar P, Prasad TNVKV, Reddy KB, Nagamadhuri KV,

Latha P

20. NAPP-20 EFFECT OF NANO-FERTILIZERS FOR BALANCED CROP

NUTRITION

Nagarjuna V, Naidu MVS, Srinivasalu DV

21. NAPP-21 NANO ZINC OXIDEFORMULATIONS Vs. CONVENTIONAL Zn

CARRIERS ON GROWTH PARAMETERS OF MAIZE

Chaitra SP , Vakada Manasa , Hebsur NS, Hebbara M and Nargund VB

22. NAPP-22 EFFECT OF NANO PARTICLES ON GROWTH OF PULSES

Swarnalatha V, Sukumar K, Hemalatha V, Prasanth Y, Kumar G, Mohan

das D and Praveen Kumar Y

23. NAPP-23 NANO PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINAL AND

AROMATIC PLANTS

Kaladhar babu K, Rohini G, Sukumar K, Udaya Bhanu K, Kumar G,

Prasanth Y, Pedababu B and Raghu B

24. NAPP-24 SYNTHESIS OF NANO SCALE ZINC OXIDE AND ITS EFFECT

ON GERMINATION OF PADDY

Naga Madhuri KV, Reddy PVRM , Latha P, Prasad TNVKV, Sudhakar P,

and Giridhara Krishna T

19

Date: 11-03-2015 (4.00 PM to 6.00PM)


Theme: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (SA)


1. SAPP-1 THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID AND MALIC ACID IN ALLEVIATING ALUMINUM INDUCED TOXICITY IN FINGER MILLET(ELEUSINE CORACANA L.)

Hemalatha S, Varalakshmi S and Balaji M

2. SAPP-2 EVALUATION OF ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DE-HULLED MANGOSEED EXTRACT.

Venkata Rao KV, PavanKumar C , Alpha Raj M , Syaama Sundar N, Ananda Kumar P.

3. SAPP-3 STUDIES ON CRITICAL PERIOD OF CROP WEED COMPETITION AND WEED DYNAMICS IN HYBRID MAIZE

Jitendra Kumar Singh, Prabhakara Reddy G and Nagamani

4. SAPP-4 DISEASE REACTION OF FINGER MILLET GENOTYPES TO BLAST DISEASE CAUSED BY PYRICULARIA GRISEA

Hemalatha TM, Madhavilatha L and Subbarao M

5. SAPP-5 GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND DROUGHT TRAIT RELATIONS OF GREENGRAM BY USING GENOTYPE BY TRAIT (GT) BIPLOT

Paramesh M, Mohan Reddy D, Shanthi Priya M, Sudhakar P and Reddy

6. SAPP-6 INFLUENCE OF WATERLOGGING ON CETAIN BIOCHEMICAL AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP)

Yohan Y, Umamahesh V, Sudhakar P and Reddi Ramu Y

7. SAPP-7 EVALUATION OF GLADIOLUS CULTIVARS UNDER OPEN FIELD CONDITIONS FOR QUALITY AND VASE LIFE ATTRIBUTES

Devi Priya A, Swarajya Lakshmi K, Nagaraju R and Srinivasa reddy D

8. SAPP-8 ROLE OF PHYTASE IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS

20

Sandhya A, Sridevi A and Suvarnalatha Devi P

9. SAPP-9 IDENTIFICATION OF GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES SUITABLE FOR EARLY KHARIF SITUATION IN SOUTHERN ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESH

Vasanthi RP, Purushotham M, Bharath kumar CG, Siva kumar E

10. SAPP-10 BIO FORTIFICATION OF ZINC IN RICE

Vineetha U, Surendra Babu P, Chandini Patnaik M, Rajan CPD, RameshBabu P, RajaSekhar P, Harathi PN and Paramasiva I

11. SAPP-11 PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND HPLC ANALYSIS OF α-AMYLASE FROM RICE

Fareeda G, Adam S, Nagalakshmi Devamma M, Prasad TNVKV

12. SAPP-12 NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HYBRID MAIZE (Zea mays L.) AS INFLUENCED BY INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Nagavani AV and Subbian P

13. SAPP-13 INHIBITION OF SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES TO HIGHER DOSES OF HERBICIDES

Rama Lakshmi ChS, Rao PC, Madhavi M and Sireesha A

14. SAPP-14 PREPARATION OF SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS THEMATIC MAPS OF NANDYAL MANDAL OF KURNOOL DISTRICT BY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

Reddy PVRM, Naga Madhuri KV, Kumar KV, Prasad TNVKV and Giridhara Krishna T

15. SAPP-15 PARENTAL LINES SCREENING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF STEM ROT RESISTANCE GENES IN GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEA L.) USING SSR MARKER

Amaravathi Y, Jhansi Rani, Siva Kumar E, Vasanthi RP and GiridharaKrishna T

16. SAPP-16 MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDNUT LEAF MINER, APROAREMA MODICELLA IN RAINFED GROUNDNUT

Devaki K, RamaKrishna Rao A, Murali Krishna T , Suma K, Srividya PB, Pavana Jyotsna and Areefa P

17. SAPP-17 NUTRIENT UPTAKE, SOIL AVAILABLE NUTRIENT STATUS AS INFLUENCED BY USE OF ORGANIC MANURES AND PANCHAKAVYA IN ONION

Lalitha Kadiri, Prabhakara Reddy G, Chandrika V and Kadiri Mohan

21

18. SAPP-18 APPROACHES TO IMPROVE DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN CROPS

Manjubhargavi M, Thanusha R, Kavitha G

19. SAPP-19 HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION FOR RESISTANCE TO KALAHASTI MALADY, YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Venkata Ramana E, Vasanthi RP, Hariprasad Reddy K, Bhaskar Reddy BV and Ravindra Reddy B

20. SAPP-20 INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF JATROPHA CURCAS

Maheswara Reddy P, Krishna Reddy G, Prasanthi L

21. SAPP-21 MASS MULTIPLICATION OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII FOR DEVELOPMENT SICK PLOTS TO SCREEN GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM

Amaravathi Y, Poojitha, Jhansi Rani, Vasanthi RP, Bhaskar Reddy BV, Reddi Kumar and Giridhara Krishna T

22. SAPP-22 EVALUATION OF CERTAIN TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS IN GROUNDNUT PEST MANAGEMENT

Murali Krishna T, Devaki K, RamaKrishna Rao A, Suma K, Srividya PB, Pavana Jyotsna and Areefa P

23. SAPP-23 DESIGNING OF AGRO TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF EXPORT ORIENTED GROUNDNUT

Pratap B, Reddi Ramu Y, Sunitha N and Subramanyam D

24. SAPP-24 A STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF ULTRA LOW VOLUME HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN TRANSPLANTED FINGER MILLET (ELEUSINE CORACANA (L.) GAERTN)

Bhargavi B

25. SAPP-25 SCREENING OF CERTAIN GENOTYPES AGAINST THRIPS IN GROUNDNUT

A.Ramakrishna Rao, K, Raja Reddy1, T.Muralikrishna, P.Sudhakar, K.Devaki and T. GiridharaKrishna

22

Theme: NANOTECHNOLOGY: ENVIRONMENT, TEXTILES, ISSUES AND POLICES (NE)


1. NEPP-1 ENCAPSULATED PLANT EXTRACTS FOR ANTIBACTERIAL FINISH ON CELLULOSIC TEXTILES

Pushpalatha K, Anitha D and Sharada Devi A

2. NEPP-2 NANOTECHNOLOGY: PARADIGM SHIFT IN PERSPECTIVE OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IMPACTING FOOD VALUE CHAIN

Ambedkar YR and Sarvesh Kumar

3. NEPP-3 KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE KJ194599 NANOPARTICLES AS A NEW NANOBIOSORBENT FOR REMOVAL OF PB (II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Patricia Raj Kumari J, M Nagalakshmi Devamma

4. NEPP-4 CLIMATE CHANGE AND BREEDING APPROACHES IN CROPS FOR CHANGING CLIMATE

Kavitha G, Manjubharghavi M, Thanusha R

Date: 11-03-2015 (4.00 PM to 6.00PM)

Venue: CENTRAL AUDITORIUM, MAIN BUILDING, COLLEGE OF

VETERINARY SCIENCE, S.V.V.U, TIRUPATI- 517 502

Theme: VETERINARY SCIENCES (VS)


1. VSPP-1 HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IS PROTECTIVE AGAINST FLUORIDE TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

AlphaRaj M, Adilaxmamma K, MadanMohan E, Naik BR

2. VSPP-2 ASSESSMENT OF LEAD AND OTHER HEAVY METAL EXPOSURE THROUGH THE CONSUMPTION OF CHICKEN MEAT IN AND AROUND PRODDATUR REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH IN INDIA

Anil Kumar C , Alpha Raj M , Naik BR, Devasena B, Prasad TNVKV

3. VSPP-3 PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS THROUGH MILK AND WATER: A QUANTITATIVE SURVEY

23

IN AND AROUND PRODDATUR REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH IN INDIA

Dilip Reddy G, Anil Kumar C, Muralidhar Y, Prasad TNVKV, Alpha Raj M, Manasa B

4. VSPP-4 AUTOHAEMOTHERAPY IN CLINICAL CASE OF PAPILLOMA IN A COW

Saritha G and Nalini kumari K

5. VSPP-5 INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM ALGINATE ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF RESTRUCTURED MUTTON SLICES DEVELOPED BY COLD-SET BINDING SYSTEM

Bhaskar Reddy GV, Sen AR, Sudhakara Reddy K, Kondal Reddy K, Madhava Rao T and Kondaiah N

6. VSPP-6 PESTICIDE POISONING IN A DOBERMAN DOG

Revathi P, Syaama Sundar N, Sumiran N

7. VSPP-7 LEAD ACETATE INDUCED ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF WISTAR ALBINO RATS AND ITS AMELIORATION WITH OCIMUM SANCTUM A LEAF EXTRACT

Sujatha K, Srilatha Ch, Anjaneyulu Y, ChandrasekharRao TS, Sreenivasulu D

8. VSPP-8 PATHOLOGY OF MASTITIS METRITIS AGALECTIA IN SOWS

Sujatha K, Sreenivasa Naik H, Ramanamurthy R, Nasreen A, Srilatha Ch, Vinod Kumar N

9. VSPP-9 EFFECT OF LEAD ACETATE AND CO – ADMINISTRATION OF LEAD ACETATE AND OCIMUM SANCTUM (OS) LEAF EXTRACT ON TESTIS OF ALBINO RATS - AN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ENDOCRINAL STUDY

Sujatha K, Srilatha Ch, Anjaneyulu Y ChandrasekharRao TS, Sreenivasulu D

10. VSPP-10 AWARENESS REGARDING ZOONOTIC DISEASES AMONG THE BUTCHERS OF PRODDATUR, A.P - A STUDY

Lokesh M, Saidaiah M, SreeSai E, Rakesh Ch and Naveen DZ

11. VSPP-11 ISOLATION OF E.COLI FROM PNEUMONIC GOAT LUNGS

Amaravathi M, Satheesh K, Bharath Kumar Reddy C and Reddy Dhyana V

12. VSPP-12 EFFECTS OF THUJA OCCIDENTALIS AS AN ALTERNATIVE REMEDY IN TREATMENT OF WARTS ONUDDER OF A NON-

24

DESCRIPT DOE

Bharathi D and Veena P

13. VSPP-13 SOFT TICKS AS PATHOGEN VECTORS: CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT IN A POULTRY FARM

Gnani Charitha V and Rayulu VC

14. VSPP-14 SELF EMULSIFYING NANO DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF ACYCLOVIR: FORMULATION AND IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE STUDIES

Indira Muzib Y, Prasanna Kumari, Ambedkar YR

15. VSPP-15 IMMUNE-RESPONSE STUDY OF ENTEROTOXAEMIA VACCINE IN SHEEP OF RAYALASEEMA REGION USING ELISA

Nagendra Reddy T, Sreenivasulu D, Satyanarayana Chetty M and Eswara Prasad P

16. VSPP-16 MAGOTTED WOUND IN A CAPTIVE LIONESS (PANTHERA LEO) – A CASE REPORT

Venu R, Arun SP, Naik VCS, Rama DP, Sujatha K and Mounika K

17. VSPP-17 MICRO ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE OESOPHAGUS OF ALBINO RAT (RATTUS NOVERGICUS)

Reddy Dhyana V, Raju NKB, Supriya B, Bhagya Lakshmi J, Amaravathi M and Gopi Krishna B

18. VSPP-18 MASTITIS IN BUFFALOES – A HOMEOPATHIC THERAPY

Soma Sekhar Reddy B, Bhakthavatchalam S, Sudhakara Reddy B and Nagendra Reddy T

19. VSPP-19 MORTALITY DUE TO HEAVY TICK INFESTATION IN A HEIFER – A REPORT

Venu R, Suresh S, Srilatha Ch and Rama devi P

20. VSPP-20 SEVERE HORN FLY (HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS) WORRY IN A CATTLE FARM – A REPORT

Venu R, Avinash B, Sujatha K , Rama Devi P and Chaitanya VK

21. VSPP-21 NANOTECHNOLOGY: PARADIGM SHIFT IN PERSPECTIVE OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IMPACTING FOOD VALUE CHAIN


22. VSPP-22 NANOTECHNOLOGY-A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR TARGETING CANCER CELLS

25

Rajeswary P, Varalaxmi S, Vidyavathi M

23. VSPP-23 MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CONTROL OF SALMONELLA IN ANIMAL FEEDS

Sravanthi M, Eswaraprasad P, Padmaja K and Sreenivasulu D

24. VSPP-24 TRANSPOSON REPROGRAMMING OF MURINE FIBRO-BLASTS INTO INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS

Talluri TR, Kumar D, Glage S, Garrels W, Ivics Z, Debowski K, Behr R, Kues WA

25. VSPP-25 A STUDY ON RELEASE OF MINERALS IN GROUNDNUT HAULM BASED COMPLETE DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MINERAL SOURCES BY IN SACCO METHOD IN STEERS

Sudha Rani K, Ramana JV, Devasena B, Ravi A and Sudhakara Reddy P

26. VSPP-26 Vital Role of E- Journal Databases in Sri Venkateswara Veterinary College Libraries: An Overview

K.Kumar, Z.Naveen, S.K.Gurunatha Reddy

27. VSPP-27 APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ANIMAL SCIENCES

Swapna G, Sukumar K, Girija Shankar V, Hemalatha V and Kaladhar Babu K

28. VSPP-28 ROLE OF QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) IN MEETING NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF POULTRY AND RABBITS

Swapna G, Sukumar K, Kaladhar Babu K, Sreedhar Chauhan, Girija Shankar V, Swarnalatha V, Hemalatha V, Kumar G, Pedababu B,

Raghu B and Ramesh R

29. VSPP-29 STUDIES ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF CHICKEN MEAT CHIPS

Devalakshmi N, Prabhakara Reddy K and Nagamallika E

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26

[SCOP-1]

SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 7-FLUORO-3-SUBSTITUTED-1,2,4-TRIAZOLO[3,4-

B]BENZOTHIAZOLES CAPPED SILVER NANOPARTICLES (FTB-AgNPs) AS

ANTIFUNGAL AGENT

Anjali Sidhu1, Sharu Kukreja1, Alpharaj Mekapogu2, Vineet Kumar3

1Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004

2Institute of Frontier Technology, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, AP.

3Dept. of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

Correspondence: [email protected]

Keeping in the view of high bioactivity of 1,2,4-triazoles, benzothiazoles and high

bioavailability of fluoro analogues, series of 7-fluoro-3-substituted-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-

b]benzothiazoles (FTB) were synthesized, characterized and assayed in vitro for

antifungal potential against various phytopathogenic fungi. Compounds having

appreciably low EC50 were capped on silver nanoparticles by using mild reducing agent

glyoxal. Amount of organic matter uploaded on the AgNP was estimated by HPLC and

loaded AgNPs were further surface modified by hydrophilic and hydrophobic coating

agents. The resulting modified triazolo capped AgNPs were characterized by LCMS,

FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission

electron microscopy (TEM). These surface modifies FTB-AgNPs were evaluated for

fungitoxicity against various phytopathogenic fungi of wheat viz. U. tritici, P. striiformis,

P. triticina and B. graminis .The comparative effect of nanozation of active compounds on

in vitro antifungal evaluation against various phytopathogenic fungi were studied. Some

of the compounds gave appreciable results after conversion into nano size.


27

[SCOP-2]

SILVER NANOPARTICLES CAPPED WITH TRIAZOL-2-

YLDITHIOCARBAMATES AS POTENTIAL ANTIFUNGALS

Khushbu Gumber1, Anjali Sidhu1, Alpharaj Mekapogu2, Vineet Kumar3

1Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

2Institute of Frontier Technology, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University,

Andhra Pradesh, India

3Dept. of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana


Lead hybridization concept was used to synthesize a series of triazol-2-

yldithiocarbamates and converted into silver nanoparticles to facilitate more rapid

dissolution. Amount of organic matter coated over the nano-particles was estimated by

HPLC and coated nanoparticles were further stabilized by using hydrophilic and

hydrophobic protecting agents. The resulting capped silver nanoparticles were

characterized by LCMS, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM and TEM analysis. The

modified and non-modified compounds were examined for their in vitro antifungal

potential against various phytopathogenic fungi viz.U. tritici, P. striiformis, P. triticina

and B. graminis. Some of the compounds had exhibited the good antifungal profile with

enhanced toxicity of the nano-analogues in comparison to the non-nano compounds.


28

[SCOP-3]

PHYTOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF ZINC NANOPARTICLES FROM LEAVES

EXTRACTS AND INFLUENCE ON SOIL EXO-ENZYME ACTIVITY AND

GROWTH OF PEANUT PLANTS

Sri Sindhura K1, Prasad TNVKV2, Panneer Selvam P3 and Hussain OM1*

1Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502, A.P., India,

[email protected], [email protected]

2Nanotechnology laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural

Research Station, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University Tirupati-517 502, A.P., India,

[email protected]

3Department of Soil science and Agricultural chemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural

Research, Bangalore -560089, India, [email protected]

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles from plant sources is relatively new and exciting

research field. In the present study, phytogenic zinc nanoparticles were synthesized

from the leaves extracts of Parthenium hysterophorous and Thevetia peruviana, following

the green synthesis route and thoroughly characterized using different spectroscopic

and microscopic techniques. The absorption edge of zinc nanoparticles was recorded at

about 330 nm. The microscopic analysis revealed poly-dispersed, spherical and

triangular shaped zinc nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm. The measured zeta

potentials of 80 mV and 117 mV indicated very high dispersion stability of zinc

nanoparticles. The synthesized zinc nanoparticles were applied to the peanut pot-

culture in three different treatments, against the controls and estimated the soil

microbial population, soil exo-enzyme activities and the physiological traits of peanut

plants. The zinc nanoparticles enhanced the soil micro-biota, soil enzyme activities and

induced the growth of peanut plants and showed significant variations, when compared

to the controls. Among the three treatments, treatment – 1 showed good results. The

Parthenium hysterophorous leaves extracted zinc nanoparticles applied treatments showed

noble/superior results, when compared to the Thevetia peruviana leaves extracted zinc

nanoparticles applied treatments.





29

[SCOP-4]

STUDY ON EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND DURATION ON SIZE OF ZINC

OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

Rajendran D*, Partha Sarathi Swain*, Rao SBN

Animal Nutrition Division National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore

*Ph.D. Scholars, DCN Division, NDRI, Karnal

E-mail: [email protected]

A study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature and duration on size

of zinc oxide (ZnO) nano particles (NPs) for animal feeding. NPs refer to particle size of

1 nm to 100 nm. ZnO NPs have growth promoting, immune-modulatory effects apart

from being highly bioavailable. ZnO NPs were synthesized by chemical pyrolysis

method at laboratory level. The prime aim of synthesizing NPs in laboratory is to have a

better control over particle size, morphology, purity, quantity and quality. It was

produced by adding 2.2 g of zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O) and 2 g of sodium

bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and heated in the muffle furnace for different durations and

temperatures to see their effect on particle size of ZnO. The samples were kept in

duplicate for 3 and 4 hours in Phoenix- Microwave ashing CEM Corporation, USA at

300 0C and 400 0C and were analysed for their particle size and zeta potential. The result

revealed that the average particle size of ZnO at 300 C were 264.16 and 72.53 and at

400 C were 165.86 and 132.33 for 3h and 4 h 0f pyrolysis in microwave muffle furnace,

respectively. The zeta potential (mV) on an average was found to be-34.8, -0.15, -16.75

and -7.35 respectively for the above said conditions. It was observed that smaller

particles is obtained as the duration is increased keeping the temperature constant. The

desired sized NPs were obtained at 3000C for 4h of pyrolysis by microwave muffle

furnace.


30

[SCOP-5]

EMERGING TRENDS IN SYNTHESIS OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

FERTILIZERS

Madhavi V*, Anna Tanuja Safala B, Rajitha B, Venkanna M and Ramesh T*

Department of BS & H, BVRIT College of engineering for Women, Hyderabad


This article reviews the recent trends, developments and future applications of

controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) produced from renewable resources. CRFs can

deliver nutrients over a defined and extended period of time, better matching crop

nutrient demand as compared to a nutrition program consisting of water soluble

fertilizers. Polymers based CRFs are attracting increased attention due to environmental

concerns and the realization that global resources are finite. Application of polymer and

nanotechnology in agriculture particularly in the design of CRFs, the distinctions and

classification of CRFs and the economical, agronomical and environmental aspects of

CRFs has been revised putting into account the development and synthesis of CRFs. A

range of polymer and nano-based CRFs are presented, focusing on general methods of

production, properties and commercial applications. The presentation also examines the

technological and future challenges discussed in bringing these materials to a wide

range of applications, together with potential solutions, as well as discusses the major

industry players who are bringing these materials to the market.


31

[SCOP-6]

EFFECT OF NANO-CRYSTALLITE SIZE AND Li+ ION ON STRUCTURAL AND

FERROELECTRIC STUDIES OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SBNN CERAMICS FOR

DEVICE APPLICATIONS

Viswarupachary P1, Venkata Rao Chowdhary Ch1 and Chanda Mouli K2

1Department of Physics, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences,

Visakhapatnam

2Department of Physics of Engineering Physics, Andhra University College of

Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam


Novel tungsten bronze (TB)-type ferroelectric materials are found to be technologically

important materials for device applications due to their high dielectric constant,

piezoelectric and electro-optic properties. In the present investigation modified and

unmodified Li+ on ferroelectric TB-type ceramic crystals, specifically SBLNN (x = 0.0 to

1.0) have been synthesized nano-crystallite size by conventional high temperature

sintering ceramic solid state reaction technique using carbonates. The effect of nano-

crystallite size and monovalent alkali-Li+ ion modified on TB-type systems and its effect

on phase information, structural, micro structural, electrical and piezoelectric properties

are reported. The present ceramic system is single orthorhombic (mm2) phase reported

tolerance factor and average electronegativity difference of SBLNN composition by

XRD. Measurement of conductivity as a function temperature and suggests that PTCR

nature suitable for pyroelectric applications. The improvement in dielectric, ferroelectric

behavior is attributed to the enhanced homogeneity attained by conventional sintering

ceramic technique used in the present study.


32

[SCOP-7]

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING PIMPINELLA

TIRUPATIENSIS BAL & SUBR AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Vipranarayana S1, Prasad TNVKV*2, Madhavi V3, Damodharam T1

1Department of Environmental Sciences, S.V.University, Tirupati – 517 502


Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati – 517 502

3Department of Chemistry, S.V.University, Tirupati – 517 502

* Correspondence: [email protected]

Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted tremendous attention in

recent years and proved to be more environmental friendly alternative to chemical and

physical methods. In the present study, synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or

(Green-Silver) has been demonstrated using the leaf extract of Pimpinella tirupatiensis Bal

& Subr reducing aqueous silver nitrate. The prepared AgNPs were characterized using

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), UV-Vis

Spectroscopy, Zeta Potential Measurement and Fourier Transform-Infrared

Spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM micrographs showed cubic and spherical shaped particles

with an average size of 55 nm. The measured Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) -

hydrodynamic radius of the AgNPs was in the range of 42.6nm-68.5nm which matches

with the SEM results. The zeta potential of the formed silver nanoparticles was recorded

as -49.2mV indicated high stability and monodispersity of the formed AgNPs.. Further,

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the plant extract not

only acted as a bioreductant but also functionalized the NPs‟ surfaces to act as a capping

ligand to stabilize them in the solvent. This work proved the capability of using

biomaterial towards the synthesis of AgNPs by adopting the principles of green

chemistry. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs synthesized was investigated

against E.coliss, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus flavus using a disc diffusion method. The

AgNPs showed potential activity against all of the bacterial strains and fungal colonies,

indicating that Pimpinella tirupatiensis Bal & Subr is a potential biomaterial in developing

antimicrobial agents for biomedical applications.


33

[SCOP-8]

BIOSYNTHESIS OF ZINC NANOPARTICALS BY ASPERGILLUS AS ZINC

NANOFERTILIZER

Savalgi VP

Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences,

DHARWAD – 580 005


Nanotechnology deals with synthesis, characterization and application of nanosized

(1-100nm) materials for the science development. Even though chemical way of

synthesis continue dominant for size controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticals, they

can be hazardous to environment due to the use of toxic chemicals. Research carried

over past few years has successfully demonstrated the utilization of biological

microorganisms has been emerging as a novel green nanotechnology for the synthesis of

metal nanoparticlas. In the present study, we have demonstrated the synthesis of metal

oxide nanopartical by Aspergillus sp. isolated from the rhizospher soil of selected crops.

Extra cellular production of metal oxide nano particles by Aspergillus sp. was carried

out. It was found that zinc oxide when exposed to Aspergillus sp. are reduced in solution,

there by leading to formation of nanopaticals. The possibility of reduction of metal ions

may be by reductase enzyme and also due to high zinc metal tolerance ability.

34

[SCOP-9]

SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES USING MICROBES

Shaheda Nasreen S, Patibanda AK, Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R, Khayum AS,

Ranga Rani A, Sunil Kumar Y, Chandra Sekhar Y

Department of Plant Pathology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati.


Biosynthetic methods in nanotechnology is found an alternative to chemical and

physical ones. Microbes produce nanomaterials as a part of their metabolism and

hence they are referred to as nanofactories, meaning generators of nanoparticles.

There are large number of techniques available to synthesize different types of nano

materials in the form of colloids, clusters, powders etc. of those biological method

using microorganisms( capable of secreting polysaccharides) forms complex with

metal ions extracellularly by processes like oxidation, reduction, methylation and

demethylation. The microbes reproduce fast which can be well exploited for their

use in various aspects. Extracellular and intracellular synthesis of silver

nanoparticles can be done utilizing many ubiquitous fungal species such as

Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, Verticillium , Pleurotus and Aspergillus, bacteria

like Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus subtilis and algae like shewanella. Magnetotactic

bacteria like Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum is known to synthesize intracellular

magnetic particles comprising iron oxide and iron sulphides. Silver nanoparticles in

the range of 2–5 nm size were synthesized extracellularly by a silver-tolerant yeast

strain when challenged with 2.0 mM silver nitrate. Silver salt trapped on the surface

of the fungal cells due to interaction between the positively charged silver ions and

negatively charged carboxylic groups in the enzymes in cell walls of mycelia is the

mechanism behind formation of silver nanoparticles using silver ions. Some

microorganisms produce H2S, which acts like an electron acceptor for metabolism.

This H2S can in presence of metal salts, convert metal ions into metal sulphide,

which deposits extracellularly. The metal ions are then converted into a nontoxic

form and covered with certain proteins to protect the cell from toxic environment.

Compared to chemical or physical methods, the synthesis of nanoparticles using

microbes is the best method. Biosynthesized nanoparticles can be utilized in targeted

drug delivery, cancer treatment, gene therapy and DNA analysis, antibacterial

agents, biosensors, enhancing reaction rates, separation science, and magnetic

resonance imaging (MRI).


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichoderma

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verticillium

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurotus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus

35

[SCOP-10]

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR

APPLICATIONS IN CANCER THERAPY

Sreekanth TVM1 and In-Yong Eom1,2*

1Department of Life Chemistry, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702,

South Korea.

2Natural Science research institute, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-Si,

South Korea.


The present study is aimed at rapid synthesis of eco-friendly silver nanoparticles using

red cabbage extract and to evaluate their anti-cancer activity. The green synthesized

silver nanoparticles were determined by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier

transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and characterized by using scanning electron

microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX), Transmission electron

microscopy (TEM) and selected area diffraction (SAED). The invitro screening of the

AgNPs was showed potential cytotoxic activity against human cervical cancer cell line

(HeLa).


36

[SCOP-11]

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR USE AGAINST

PLANT PATHOGENS

Nargund VB, Chikkanna Swamy, Madhu S. Giri, Jayalakshmi K, Hulagappa and

Pradeep Manyam

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural

Sciences, Dharwad 580 005, Karnataka

Application of nanotechnology in agriculture is a new field in comparison to medical,

engineering and pharmacy. Nano-fertilizers, growth promoters encapsulated in

nanoscale polymers, chelates, or emulsions and their efficient release is becoming

possible in recent days. Green synthesis of nano particles seems to be less toxic when

compared to chemical synthesis. In the present study chemical and green synthesis of

copper, zinc, silver and iron nano particle was done by using ocimum and neem leaves.

The synhesised nanoparticles were tested against fungal and bacterial plant pathogens

under laboratory conditions. Soil borne fungal pathogens viz., Sclerotium rolfsii

Rhizoctonia solani Fusarium oxysporum and bacterial plant pathogens viz.,Xanthomonas

campestris pv. campestris Xanthomonas axonopdis pv. punicae were tested by inhibition of

mycelial growth and inhibition of growth by paper disc method respectively. Further,

phytotoxicity of these particles was tested on potato leaves. .Zinc oxide nano particles

in isoprpanol solvent has shown inhibition of mycelial growth of S. rolfsii. Silver nano

and copper iodide did not show any inhibition zone.Calcium phosphate nano particle

has shown jelly type nature. These particles have shown phytotoxic effect on potato leaf

(necrotic lesion).The present study is in progress to characterize these particles.

37

[SCOP-12]

EXTRACTION OF NATURAL NANOSCALE CLAY PARTICLES FROM RED

SOILS AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION

Prasad TNVKV*, Reddy PVRM, Nagamadhuri KV and Giridharakrishna T

Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N G

Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati – 517 502, A.P.

* Correpondence: [email protected]

Nanoscience is of crucial importance to the soil sciences because the size of the many

natural compounds of the soils, clay fraction of the soil in particular, in at least one

dimension falls in nanoscale range (1-99nm). In general, soil scientists have not

usually looked at nanoparticles in soils other than phyllosilicates and imogolite. But

the clay fraction of the soil is instrumental in soil behavior. In the present study we

collected red clay loams from farmers fields and extracted the nanoscale clay

particles using the standard extraction method. The extracted nanoscale clay

particles were then characterized using the techniques, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier

Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The measured hydrodynamic radius

ranges from 90-128nm and recorded higher zeta potential of -40mV indicates the

extracted clay nanoparticles are highly stable and monodispersed. FT-IR studies

revealed the presence of amino groups which confirms the organic matter

composition. The extracted nanoscale clay materials could have potential

applications in developing materials for environmental remediation.

38

[SCPP-1]

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND CATALYZED

REDUCTION OF 3-NITROPHENOL (3-NP)

Himagirish kumar S and Jyothi NVV*

Department of Chemistry, S.V. University, Tirupathi -517502, A.P.


The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been proposed as a cost effective and

environmental friendly alternative to chemical and physical methods. Plant mediated

synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach that interconnects

nanotechnology and plant biotechnology. In the present study, synthesis of silver

nanoparticles (AgNPs) or (Green Silver) has been demonstrated using extracts of

sphaeranthus indicus and it reducing aqueous silver nitrate. The AgNPs were

characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-vis) Spectrometer, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR),

X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Were used for the catalyzed reduction of 3-

nitrophenol (3-NP) with NaBH4 in alkaline aqueous solutions. The effect of the

reduction of 3-NP catalyzed by the catalysts in the presence of variable concentration

NaBH4 was investigated. It was found that the reduction rate increased with the

increasing of the amounts of NaBH4. And the larger amounts of NaBH4 reduced the

induction time.


39

[SCPP-2]

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERIC NANO-

FORMULATION OF ACEPHATE

Venugopal NVS* and Sainadh NVS

Department of Chemistry, G.I.T, GITAM UNIVERSITY, Visakhapatnam-530045, A.P,

*Correspondence: [email protected]

Nano pesticides are the best way to conventional pesticides. Nano pesticides can

provide better penetration and accelerated resistance of microbes through the plant and

controls different diseases. Nano formulation of pesticides certainly protects the

premature degradation in the environment and delivers high impact on targeted

species. In this communication we reported a novel nano-acephate with

polypropyleneglycol as capping agent for plant disease control and its subsequent

characterisation of encapsulated complex. Nano-acephate encapsulated particles were

characterised by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared

spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bioactivity study was

conducted against various fungi and bacteria. The performance of Nano particles was

many fold times effective when compared to the original parental particles. Nano-

acephate shows better bio-active results. Less environmental contamination and safe

handling are the advantages of nano-pesticides. This method is an eco-friendly

formulation and it is useful to farmers.


40

[SCPP-3]

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NANO-LIME FOR EFFECTIVE

REMEDIATION OF ACID SOILS

Bhargavrami Reddy1 and K. S. Subramanian2

1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,

2 Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore-641003, Tamil Nadu, India.


The synthesis of pure calcium carbonate nano crystals using top down , high energy ball

milling and encapsulate with chitosan system produced uniform nanosized particles,

which were characterised using particle size analyzer, zeta potential ,ramanspec,

transmission electron microscopy (TEM),scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray

diffraction (XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The identified

particles were aragonite polymorphs with a rod shape and were approximately 100nm

in size. The aragonite polymorph of calcium carbonate was prepared from biogenic

materials, cockle shells, and exhibited unique characteristics (i.e., a higher density than

that of calcite), which makes it biocompatible and potentially suitable for applications in

the agricultural, medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and paint industries. The methods

adopted and the non-ionic surfactant used in the synthesis of calcium carbonate nano

crystalline aragonite polymorphs were environmentally friendly and can be scaled up

for agricultural production. The sources are naturally available materials, which offers

an opportunity for reclamation of acid soil applications. Among the amendments, nano-

lime proved its efficacy in reclaiming the acidic soils significantly than conventional lime

which could be attributed to its smaller particle size, larger surface area and there by

greater solubility.

41

[SCPP-4]

BIOSYNTHESIS OF SIVER NANOPARTICLES BY AZADIRACHTA INDICA

AND ITS ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST POWDERY MILDEWS ON BER

(ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA)’

Megharaj M*, Sharanagouda H, Kalal AY, Nagaraj N, Udaykumar N

Department of processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering,

University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India


Biosynthesis of nanoparticles has a potential to develop simple, cost effective and eco-

friendly methods for the production of technologically important materials. In this

study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by Azadirachta indica with different

concentration s of silver nitrate 0.5Mm, 1Mm, 1.5Mm. The synthesis of silver

nanoparticle was confirmed by changing its colour from light yellow to dark brown

colour. Characterization of silver nanoparticles was done by using UV-Vis spectroscopy

at the range of 300-600nm which showed the surface plasmon peak at 440nm. The peak

showing the standard surface plasmon resonance wavelength confirms the formation of

silver nanoparticles. The particle size was analysed using zeta potential size analyser,

the size of particles varies with concentration i.e., for 0.5Mm, 1Mm, 1.5Mm average size

was 45.37nm, 65.20nm, 91.75nm respectively. Anti-fungal activity of silver nanoparticles

was analysed using percent inhibition of spore germination by cavity side method

against powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica). Results revealed that highly significant

percent inhibition of spore germination is in the range of 80-92%. Synthesized silver

nanoparticles of 1Mm silver nitrate concentration had significant inhibition effects

against powdery mildew.


42

[SCPP-5]

CHARACTERIZATION AND VALIDATION OF GREEN SYNTHESIZED

SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM ADANSONIA DIGITATA (L.) STEM BARK.

AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT

Maruti Kesava Kumar Ch, Yugandhar P and N. Savithramma

Dept. of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502,

Andhra Pradesh, India.


In the present study green synthesis of silver nanopartiles (SNPs) is prepared by using

aqueous stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata (L.) as a reducing, stabilizing and

capping agent. The synthesized SNPs are characterized by UV-VIS Spectroscopy, FTIR,

XRD, AFM, SEM with EDAX and TEM. Validation of SNPs was performed on 07

bacterial species and 05 fungal species. For preliminary conformation of SNPs, the

colour change pattern is observed from light brown to thick brown confirms the

formation of silver nanoaprticles and UV-VIS studies shows 450 nm broad peak further

confirms the synthesized nanoparticles are SNPs. FTIR studies shows that the Phenols

and Primary amines of Proteins are mainly responsible for the reduction of

nanopartilces and AFM, SEM and TEM studies shows that the particles are spherical in

shape, having the size range from 5 to 30 nms. The EDAX pattern shows the 2.69 weight

percentage of silver present in the synthesized sample solution and XRD studies shows

that the particles are mostly crystalline in nature. Further these biologically synthesized

nanoparticles were found to be highly toxic against different multi drug resistant

bacterial and fungal pathogens. This is the first report on synthesis of SNPs from stem

bark of A. digitata was used for synthesis of SNPs and its antimicrobial studies.


43

[SCPP-6]

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND ITS

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST FUSARIUM INCARNATUM

ASSOCIATED WITH CROSSANDRA WILT IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Mallaiah B1*, Chinna muthu CR 2 and Muthamilan M1

1Department of Plant Pathology 2Department of Agronomy, TNAU

Agricultural College and Research Institute -Madurai 625104.


Crossandra (Fire cracker) is an important commercial flower, mainly grown in India, is

affected by various fungal diseases. Among the various fungal diseases, wilt disease

caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the major problem in Crossandra production and

limits the crop cultivation. Reports are available stating that improved properties of the

nanoparticles compared to the application of bulk materials have greater opportunity to

reduce the load of unwanted chemicals especially plant protectants. Indian

greeneries/weeds are the chief and cheap source of medicinal plants and plant products.

From centuries till date, these plants have been extensively utilized in Ayurveda.

Recently, many such plants have been gaining importance due to their unique

constituents and their versatile applicability in various developing fields of research and

development including disease management. In the present work, synthesis of silver

nanoparticles has been done using Tridax procumbense plant leaf extract. The organic

synthesis of silver nanoparticles was done by the bioreduction of silver nitrate(AgNO3).

The AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible (vis) spectrophotometer, particle size

analyzer (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron

microscopy . UV-visible studies were conducted to confirm the formation of silver

nanoparticles, thus the peak showing the standard surface plasmon resonance

wavelength in UV-visible studies confirm the formation of silver nanoparticles(418 to

435nm).The surface morphology of nanoparticle examined under SEM revealed that the

particles are spherical shape with size ranging from 30-45nm.To conform the results of

SEM, the same particles were characterized under TEM and found to be spherical

shaped scattered without clumps with size ranging from 18 to 40nm accounting for an

average of 28nm. Later, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles

against F.incarnatum was tested by fallowing poisoned food technique. Ag nanoparticles

are inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. incornatum at all the concentrations tested but

100% inhibition was observed at 600ppm.Morphological studies under stem indicating

that hyphae were broken, thin walled, or abnormal. In addition the cell surface of

hyphae was observed to be crinkled. These results leads us to consider that organic

silver nanoparticles may be the most effective way to manage plant diseases with least

hazard to environment.


44

[SCPP-7]

SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES USING PLANT EXTRACTS

Abraham K, Ramesh P, Suresh B and Damodharam T*

*Department of Environmental Sciences, S. V. University, Tirupati – 517502, A.P

Email: [email protected]

Nanobiotechnology is emerging as a field of applied biological science and

nanotechnology. Nanoparticles synthesis has become the matter of great interest in

recent times due to its various advantageous properties and applications in various

fields. Synthesis of nanoparticles is done by various physical and chemical methods but

the biological methods are relatively simple, cost-effective, nontoxic, and

environmentally friendly methods. The present study focuses on the synthesis of

nanoparticles with special emphasis on the use of plant parts for the synthesis process,

its applications and future prospectus.


45

[SCPP-8]

LEAF EXTRACT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANO PARTICLES:

NOVEL APPROACH TOWARDS WEED UTILIZATION

Prathima T1, Prasad TNVK, Devaki K and Shobha Rani P

Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati

Correpondence: [email protected]

The use of environmentally friendly material like leaf extracts from different weed

species for synthesis of silver nano particles offers several benefits of eco-friendliness

and compatibility in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications as they do not cause

toxicity due to non use of chemicals in the synthesis protocols. Weeds with medicinal

properties can be used in pharma industries to cure some of the diseases. In this study

several weeds of groundnut and groundnut based cropping systems are tested for their

ability to synthesize silver nano particles. Due to cost effectiveness and eco-friendly

nature bioinspired synthesis of nano particles provides advancement than using

chemical and physical methods of synthesizing silver nano particles. Though weeds are

considered as unwanted plants, but can provide new ways by making them a value

added materials for nano technology based industries. Earlier research indicated several

native and invasive weed species like Parthenium hysterophaorus, Eichhornia crassipes,

Datura stramonium etc., are having potential in synthesizing nano form of elements like

zinc, silver and copper. In the present study several weeds were tested for the potential

in synthesizing silver nano particles. Among the weeds tested before Euphorbia hirta and

Trianthema portulacastrum when processed and analyzed under spectrophotometer and

FTIR (Fourier Transfom Infrared Spectrometer) showed potential in synthesizing nano

particles and these weeds were also found having antimicrobial properties for Spodoptera

litura.

46

[SCPP-9]

SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING THE MEDICINALLY

IMPORTANT LEAF EXTRACTS OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS AND

ENICOSTEMA AXILLARE AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL

ACTIVITY

Nagalakshmi Devamma M¹, Durga Prameela G² and Prasad TNVKV *

1Dept. of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502

2Microbiology division, Dept. of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.

*Dept. of Soil Science, RARS, Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati.


Nanobiotechnology deals with the production of nanoscale biomaterials and their

applications in various fields including medicine. It has an important emerging branch

of science concerns the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plants and plant

materials. Use of medicinal plants and plant materials for the synthesis of noble metals,

silver in particular has been a recent advancement. Herein, we used the extracts of two

important medicinal plants Tribulus terrestris and Enicostema axillare for the reduction

and stabilization of aqueous silver ions. The silver nanoparticles formation was

confirmed by the colour change of plant extracts from pale yellow to dark brown. The

prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). characterized using the techniques like, scanning

electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Energy dispersion X-ray

spectroscopy (EDS). The formed silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with the

size range of 100-200nm.The antimicrobial efficacy of these BAgNPs was evaluated

against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aureginosa using disc diffusion method.

The increase in measured inhibition zone with the application of BAgNPs indicates the

antimicrobial potentiality of the synthesized silver nanoparticles over conventional

antibiotics.


47

[SCPP-10]

GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NANO IRON

PARTICLES

Vakada Manasa, Chaitra SP*, Hebsur NS and Hebbara M, Nargund VB

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad ,Karnataka-580005.

CorresponDENCE: [email protected]

The synthesis of nano-particles has become a matter of great interest in recent years due

to their functional properties and applications in the various fields. Among the various,

synthesis methods, green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained significant importance in

recent years due to several advantages such as simple, inexpensive, highly stable, rapid,

non-toxic and ease of large-scale production. Iron nanoparticles were produced by using

plant leaf extracts such as Rose (Rosa indica), Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) and Neem

(Azadirachta indica) as reducing agents. Aqueous extracts of plants were obtained by ball

milling, centrifugation and filtration. Ferric chloride was added to these plant extracts as

a precursor to produce nano iron particles. The colour of the plant extracts changed from

green to black colour and decrease in pH was observed. Nanoparticles so synthesized

were characterised by using UV-visible spectrophotometer, absorption peaks were

developed at 200-240 nm regions due to the excitation of surface plasmon vibrations by

the iron nanoparticles.


48

[SCPP-11]

EVALUATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF BIOGENIC AMMONIA

(UREOLYTIC BACTERIA) MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER DOPED

CALCIUM HYDROXY APATITE

Supraja N

Department Of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore-632001

Hydroxyapatite (HP, Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2) is the main mineral constituent of human bone.

Calcium hydroxyapatite is a bioactive compound that supports for the regeneration of

bone on the substrate. Recently in human urine, the CO2 gas was captured and

sequestrated. As an alternative way, biological activated ammonia can be used for the

CO2 gas captured from urine, as resultant product of ammonia carbonate and ammonia

bicarbonate. Many studies underwent in ureolytic bacteria and calcium precipitating

bacteria which was isolated and identified from toilet dropping. Bacterial CaCO3

formation through urea hydrolysis is known as bacterial calcite precipitation (BCP).

Commonly various biocatalyst such as plant urease, bacterial urease enzyme are

involved in precipitation of hydroxyapatite and thus the waste product is used to

synthesis calcium hydroxyapatite. In this study ureolytic bacteria isolated from toilet

dropping was used to mediate the synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite and silver doped

calcium hydroxyapatite. Further it was characterized by the FTIR, XRD, Laser Raman

spectrum, Solid State 31PNMR and TGA/DTA. The result of Transition Electron

Microscope (TEM) showed that the resultant product was in pure crystalline structure.

The ureolytic bacteria mediated synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite and silver doped

calcium hydroxyapatite showed antibacterial activity.

49

[NAOP-1]

NANO-HERBICIDE TO EXHAUST THE WEED SEED BANK

Akshata S Patil1, Roopadevi2 and Vinod S Sankari3

Department of crop physiology1; Department of Plant Pathology2

College of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad,

3Department of Horticulture college of Agriculture and University of Agricultural

Sciences, Raichur.

Soil weed seed banks are reserves of viable seeds present on the surface and in the soil.

The seed bank is an indicator is an indicator of past and present weed populations.

There are enormous numbers of viable weed seeds in the soil. For example: the seeds of

striga spp produce thousands of seeds per plant per season and remain viable in the soil

for more than 20 years. The seeds will germinate when the weather factors are

favorable. The tubers and rhizomes of the sedges are dormant and viable during

unfavourable seasons. The easiest way of reducing the weed incidences is exhausting

the weed seed bank, the source for weeds over generations. Existing stale seedbed

technique, a follow period cultural weed management method often practiced during

summer to reduce the weed seed bank. It involves frequent tilling and irrigation, adds

weed management cost. Molecular characterization of problem weed seed coat will help

to us to identify the receptor having specific binding property with nano-herbicide

molecules. Developing receptor based herbicides tagged with nanoparticles like carbon

nanotubes for delivery will destroy the specific weed species completely from the soil.

The present day herbicide target domains in a plant cells are destruction of structure and

function of the plant specific chloroplast, inhibition of lipid biosynthesis, and

interference with cell division by disrupting the mitotic sequence or inhibiting the

mitotic entry, inhibition of biosynthesis and deregulation of auxin induced cell growth.

Developing or modifying the herbicide molecules in nanoscale or encapsulated in a

biodegradable polymer nanoparticle matching the receptor identified in the

underground plant parts to kill a specific weed species.

50

[NAOP-2]

BIOSENSOR AND AGRICULTURE IN NANOTECHNOLOGY

Vinod S Sankari1, Akshata S Patil2 and Roopadevi3

Department of Horticulture-1

College of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur,

Department of crop physiology -3 Department of Plant Pathology-2

College of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad


New technologies like biotechnology, information and communication technology/ICT,

and nanotechnology are poised to revolutionize agriculture in the 21st century. As

important as waste materials and preservations of food is in the agricultural field, a

major concern is that of the safety of the food products. Far too often food contains

bacteria and viruses, which frequently ends in illness and sometimes fatality. The most

likely area in which nanotechnology will initially enter the agricultural industry is the

world of analysis and detection, such as biosensors to detect the quality of and the

health of agricultural products and livestock, advanced nano-sensors that can detect

surface and airborne pathogens are already leaving the laboratory. A biosensor is

composed of a biological component, such as a cell, enzyme or antibody, linked to a tiny

transducer; a device powered by one system that then supplies power to a second

system. The biosensors detect changes in cells and molecules that then are used to

measure and identify the test substance, even if there is a very low concentration of the

tested material. When the substance binds with the biological component, the

transducer produces a signal proportional to the quantity of the substance. So if there is

a large concentration of bacteria in a particular food, the biosensor will produce a strong

signal indicating that the food is unsafe to eat. With this technology, mass amounts of

food can be readily checked for their safety of consumption.


51

[NAOP-3]

EFFICACY OF NANO ZINC OXIDE SEED PRIMING IN RADISH

Hajira Khanm*, Rameshraddy, Muktha J, Basava Rajeshwari, Shankar AG

University of Agricultural Science, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK),

Bangalore - 560 065, Karnataka, India.

*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Nano fertilizer (<100nm in size) a new compound with rapid absorption property and

optimized delivery of nutrients to the plant, is being studied to replace conventional

fertilizer. To evaluate the effect of nano fertilizer two sets of experiments were

conducted using radish cultivar (arka nishanth). Nano zinc oxide was used against

control and zinc sulphate( regular zinc source in agriculture). Lab experiment was

conducted where in seeds treated with different concentrations of both fertilizers against

control (ranging from 100ppm, 200ppm….. 2000ppm). From this three different

concentrations were selected based on highest root length, shoot length and

intermediate root and shoot length in both the sources of zinc. The field experiment was

also conducted. The highest yield with highest Zn content was found in nano zinc oxide

treated seeds.


52

[NAOP-4]

BREAKING DORMANCY IN THE TUBERS OF THE WORLD’S WORST WEED

THE CYPERUS ROTUNDUS BY IRON NANOPARTICLES

Viji N* and Chinnamuthu CR2

Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai - 625104,

Tamil Nadu, India.


Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a perennial and most noxious weed in tropical and

sub-tropical regions. Often forms dense colonies and greatly reduces the crop yields. It is

considered as the world‟s worst weed. Tubers are recognized as the primary dispersal

unit for purple nutsedge and the spread of the plant in the short term is accomplished

through rhizomes. Increasing phenolic compounds and abscissic acids in the tubers

reduced the sprouting. Due to apical dominance and bud dormancy, tubers stay in the

soil for extended periods before sprouting. Control would be facilitated if tuber

longevity is short enough so that all buds could sprout at the same time so that the

resultant plants can be killed. A laboratory experiment was carried out at the

Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University to

degrade the phenolic compounds present in the Cyperus rotundus tubers using iron oxide

nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in the wet lab by chemical

method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-VIS

spectrophotometer, FTIR and XRD. Cyperus rotundus tubers were collected and sorted

based on diameter. The uniform sized tubers (3 cm diameter) were treated with iron

oxide nanoparticles at different concentration viz., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg 25 ml

water-1 for 12 hours. Results revealed that the iron oxide nanoparticles at the

concentration of 30 mg 25 ml water-1 recorded higher rate of phenol degradation of

tubers i.e 10.5 per cent over initial concentration. It was on par with 25 mg of iron oxide

nanoparticles 25 ml water-1. Since, iron oxide nanoparticles lead to production of more

OH- radicals (as a major agent of degradation at photocatalytic reactions). Increased

reactive hydroxyl radicals results in the oxidation of phenol into other intermediates.


53

[NAOP-5]

IMPACT OF NANO PARTICLES ON SELECTED CROP

Sahaja Deva

Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Krishi viswavidyalaya, Raipur, C.G. 492012


Effects of nano-particles on plants can be beneficial (seedling growth and development)

or non- beneficial (to prevent root growth). The propensity of the NPs to cross barriers

and their interaction intracellular structures owing to their small size and high surface

reactivity contribute to potential cellular and genetic toxicity by the induction of

oxidative stress. In comparison to bulk materials, nano particles may be more toxic and

or beneficial and they have the potential ability of passing the cell membrane of plant

because of their general size between 1 to 100nm. SiO2 and Mo nano particles are one of

the major and frequently used engineered oxide nano particles. Good germination of

seeds were observed in the presence of SiO2 (10-20 nm) and Mo (<100 nm) nano

particles. SiO2 nano particles had showed no toxic effect on rice growth, whereas root

growth and elongation were arrested with Mo nano particles after 50 mg L-1. In many

cases root necrosis was occurred. Massive adsorption of Mo nano particles into the root

system was responsible for the toxicity. The uptake of both the nano particles was

observed with rice seedlings. Application of silica nano particles enhanced the root

length, root volume and dry matter weight of shoot and root of rice crop. Aluminum

oxide nanoparticles, commonly found in everything from cosmetics to environmental

catalysts that reduce pollution, can stunt root growth in five plant species (corn,

cucumber, soybean, carrot and cabbage. Effect of Nano-TiO2 on Strength of Naturally

Aged Seeds and Growth of Spinach" showed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles

promote photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism, and then greatly improved growth of

spinach at a proper concentration. Several types of manufactured nanoparticles

inhibited seed germination and root growth of radish, rape, ryegrass, lettuce, corn, and

cucumber, particularly zinc and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Zinc and zinc oxide

nanoparticles inhibited root growth of rape seeds, corn and practically terminated root

development of the other five plant species. Alumina nanoparticles had no phytotoxicity

except for corn whose root elongation was reduced by 35%. Aluminum nanoparticles

had no obvious effect on cucumber, but, promoted the root growth of radish and rape,

and significantly retarded root elongation of ryegrass and lettuce.

54

[NAOP-6]

NANOSTRUCTURAL BASIS OF FOOD PRODUCT QUALITY

Vinod S Sankari1, Roopadevi 2 and Akshata S Patil3

1Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and University of Agricultural

Sciences, Raichur

2Department of Plant Pathology and 3Department of Crop Physiology

College of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.


Despite the existing problems of food insecurity in many parts of developing countries,

global agriculture in the 21st century has undergone the consumers are increasingly

demanding for steady supply of consistent quality extending organoleptic attributes to

meeting and their health and their nutritional needs. Measuring and predicting quality

reliable is therefore an important for postharvest engineering of agri-foods. Agriculture

and other bio-industries inherently generate large volume of data on the environment,

crops, animals, inputs and processes. Mining these data and integrating the results into

an agricultural information system facilitates good enterprise management. As most

farms and other agricultural enterprises are often located in rural areas distant from

main communication centres, the development of high capacity information networks

will facilitate the collection, analysis and transmission of vital information, which the

backbone of precission agriculture. Boosting the carrying capacity of existing optical

networks using nanowires and nanocircuits could make it possible to achieve

instantaneous mining and transmission huge data for multiple applications including

agriculture.


55

[NAOP-7]

NANOAGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION

Roopadevi1, Akshata S Patil2 and Vinod S Sankari3

1Department of Plant Pathology

2Department of crop physiology

College of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad,

3Department of Horticulture

College of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur.


Development in electric technology, in conjugation with mechanical technology, paved

the way for automation and control of agricultural operations. Such electrochemical

systems have enhanced equipment nanouverability and control, environmental

quantification and control such as greenhouse and animal hosing. In this regard, silicon

based integrated circuits played a pivotal role, the predicted that integrated circuit

performance would double every 18 months, presumably from increased transistor

counts and operating frequencies and reduced dimensions. Today, the prospectors of

transistors at the molecular and atomic scale further enlarge the opportunities in the

evolution and application of nanotechnology in the development of the next phase of

miniaturized micro electro machinery for agriculture mechanization. We consider

nonagricultural mechanization as the revolutionary technology that extends the horizon

where the current farm mechanization stops. The prospects of scaling transistors all the

way down to the size of individual molecules and incorporating this into future

agricultural machinery is an exciting application of nanotechnology which is set to have

wide application in agricultural automation and control as well as other industries.


56

[NAOP-8]

FOOD PATHOGEN DETECTION BY USING NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY

Roopadevi1, Vinod S Sankari2 and Akshata S Patil3

1Department of Plant Pathology; 3Department of Crop Physiology

College of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.

2Department of Horticulture

College of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur


Pathogen detection market encompasses medical, military, food and environmental

industries along with the food pathogen testing markets are close. Microorganisms are

producing a range of characteristics volatile compounds that may be useful as well as

harmful to human beings. E.g., yeasts are beneficial for fermentation, bacterial eat sugar

there by producing alcohol as by-product. Dairy products, bakery products and other

food products are ideal media for rapid growth for wide range of microorganisms.

Bacteria are the most common cause of food rotting. The presence of foul odour is an

indication for food rotting. Human nose can literally detect and distinguish thousands of

odours, which are sometimes impractical and could also be a further cause for

poisoning. Sometimes it is more practical to use instruments to detect these odours with

what we popularly known as rapid detection biosensors can minimize the need for food

processors to perform lengthy microbial testing and immunoassay on materials

suspected of carrying food-borne pathogens. Detecting contaminants through by using

of enzymes simply will release products which might be harmful. Enzymes can be used

as sensing element, since they are known to be very specific in attachment to certain

biomolecules.


57

[NAOP-9]

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN

CROP IMPROVEMENT

Jhansi Rani P1*, Satyanarayana PV2 , Lal Ahamed M1 and Chamundeswari N2

1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Bapatla-

Andhra Pradesh.

2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, APRRI & RARS, ANGRAU, Maruteru.


Nanotechnology has the potential to advance agricultural productivity through genetic

improvement of plants, delivery of genes and drug molecules to specific sites at cellular

levels, and nano-array based gene-technologies for gene expressions in plants under

stress conditions. The potential is increasing with suitable techniques and sensors being

identified for precision agriculture, natural resource management, early detection of

pathogens and contaminants in food products, smart delivery systems for agrochemicals

like fertilizers and pesticides, smart systems integration for food processing, packaging

and other areas like monitoring agricultural and food system security. Further

developments in nanotechnology in this sector can be expected to become the main

economic driving forces in the long run and benefit consumers, producers, farmers,

ecosystems, and the general society at large. In India, the importance of research and

development in nanotechnology has been recognized as of paramount importance. If

Indian agriculture is to attain its broad national goal of sustainable agricultural growth

of over 4%, it is important that the nanotechnology research is extended to the

agricultural total production-consumption system, that is, across the entire agricultural

value chain. Nanotechnology will give rise to a host of novel social, ethical,

philosophical and legal issues. It is important to have a regulatory mechanism in place

to predict and work to alleviate anticipated problems.


58

[NAOP-10]

ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Naseeruddin R1, Prasad TNVKV*2 and Sumathi V1

1Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati-517 502


Research Station, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati – 517 502.


Presently, the agricultural sector is facing various global challenges: climate change, urbanization, sustainable use of resources, and environmental issues such as run-off and accumulation of pesticides and fertilizers. These situations are further exacerbated by the growing food demand that will be needed to sustain an estimated population growth from the current level of about 6 billion to 9 billion by 2050. Agronomists are left with the critical duty of feeding more people from agricultural fields which are decreasing correspondingly. Consider that, the amount of arable lands changed very slightly and may even have reduced in some parts of the world due to urbanization. In addition, satellite images reveal that the earth is quickly running out of fertile land and that food production will soon be incapable to keep up with the growing world population. In India, fertilizers, along with quality seed and irrigation, are mainly responsible for enhanced food grain production. Fertilizers have an axial role in enhancing the food production especially after the introduction of high yielding and fertilizer responsive crop varieties. It has been conclusively demonstrated that fertilizer contributes to the tune of 35-40% of the productivity of any crop. In spite of this, it is known that yields of many crops have begun to depression as a result of imbalanced fertilization and decrease in soil organic matter. Moreover, excessive applications of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers affect the groundwater and also lead to eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. Such cases along with the fact that the fertilizer use efficiency is about 20-50 percent for nitrogen and 10-25 percent for phosphorus fertilizers implies that food production will have to be much more efficient than ever before. In order to address issues of low fertilizer use efficiency, imbalanced fertilization, multi-nutrient deficiencies and decline of soil organic matter, it is important to evolve a nano-based fertilizer formulation with multiple functions. Nanostructured formulation through mechanisms such as targeted delivery or slow/controlled release mechanisms, conditional release, could release their active ingredients in responding to environmental triggers and biological demands more precisely. There is the possibility of using these mechanisms to design and construction of nanofertilizers. The use of these nanofertilizers causes an increase in their efficiency, reduces soil toxicity, minimizes the potential negative effects associated with over dosage and reduces the frequency of the application. Nanofertilizers mainly delay the release of the nutrients and extend the fertilizer effect period. Obviously, there is an opportunity for nanotechnology to have a significant influence on energy, the economy and the environment, by improving fertilizers. Hence, nanotechnology has a high potential for achieving sustainable agriculture, especially in developing countries.


59

[NAOP-11]

NANO HERBICIDES- A SMART WAY OF NANO TECHNOLOGY FOR

ERADICATION OF WEEDS

Shobha Rani P and Prathima T

1&2 Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati


Nanotechnology is a science of manipulating materials at Nano scale. Among the latest

technological advancements, nanotechnology occupies a central position. It has many

applications in all stages of production, processing, storing, packaging and transport of

agricultural products. Among all the areas one of the most important invention in Nano

technology is Nano Herbicides. Weeds are big hazard in agriculture; they reduce the

yield up to a great extent. So there is no other option except eradicating them.

Nanotechnology has potential to get rid of weeds by using Nano herbicides in an eco-

friendly way, without leaving any toxic residues in soil and environment. Less amount

of herbicide will be used if active ingredient is combined with a “smart” delivery

system. Having size in Nano dimensions, these will blend with soil particles and

prevent the growth of weed species that have become resistant to conventional

herbicides. Developing a target specific herbicide molecule encapsulated with Nano

particle is aimed for specific receptor in the roots of target weeds, which enters into roots

system of the weeds and translocated to parts that inhibit glycolysis of food reserves in

the root system ultimately making the specific weed plant to starve for food and gets

killed. The reduced use of herbicides with increased efficiency, controlled release and

targeted delivery will lead to sustainable agriculture and opens way for precision

farming.


60

[NAOP-12]

NANOTECHNOLOGY: A POTENTIAL TOOL IN SPICE, AROMATIC AND

DRUG INDUSTRY

Surya Kumari S1, Giridhar K1 and Naram Naidu L2

1AICRP on Spices, Horticultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur-522034

2Chillies Improvement Scheme, Horticultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur-522034

Correpondence: surya.surepeddi@ gmail.com

Spices, medicinal and aromatic crops are commodities of commerce with significant

secondary metabolites and bio-active compounds, where quality of the produce is an

exceedingly important aspect for trade. The present scenario offers numerous avenues

for the application of nanotechnology which improves the characteristic of micro-

structured bioactive compounds by enhancing their water solubility, bio-availability,

increasing absorbancy and antioxidant properties, facilitating stable dispersion and

dissolving of ingredients homogeneously. Organic nano-sized additives help in

retaining function and taste attributes. Edible nanocoatings work as a tool to deliver

colours, flavours, antioxidants, enzymes and anti-browning agents, and improve the

shelf life of manufactured foods even after the pakage is opened. Apart from general

applications, detection of geographical origin, preservation of quality and freshness,

better traceability and security of food products, residue, adulterant and aflatoxin

detection and monitoring, packaging and preservation, drug preparation and delivery,

and detection of bio-contaminants are imperative. The health benefits, stability and oral

bioavailability could be enhanced by encapsulation in nanoemulsions. Nanoparticles

when used during transit and storage of spices avoid lumping. Robust electronic nose

systems can be deployed for spice flavour discrimination. Adulterants with sudan dyes

can be detected with polyethyleneimine coated copper nano clusters and cFLISA was

developed for AFB1 detection. Microbial contamination can be reduced with irradiation

of samples packaged by Poly Ethylene films with nano silver particles as in saffron.

Phytosynthesis of NPs was promising for packaging, delivery and enhancing the

efficacy of various drugs. AuNPs-conjugated cfH (ciprofloxacin) derived from garlic

were found to have better antibacterial activities. CeO2 and NPS as soil application

altered the nutritional properties of coriander leaves opening vistas for new research in

toxicological studies. The delivery, fate and toxicity of engineered nano particles (ENPs)

need a comprehensive research approach to ensure safe, high quality produce. Issues

pertaining to food quality, safety and toxicity are of primary importance as these are

widely used in numerous food preparations. As these crops are unique in nature, a

special attention is needed on evolving data on risk assessment and regulatory aspects

so that trans-national trade is unhindered.

61

[NAOP-13]

FORTIFICATION AND MODIFICATION IN AGRICULTURE THROUGH

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Sharath Kumar Reddy Y, Eswara Reddy G, Nagendra Reddy B, Deepthi kiran Y S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University.

Tirupati,

Agriculture is the backbone of most developing countries with more than 60% of the

population reliant on it for their livelihood. But, today agriculture world facing major

challenges like climate change, urbanization, sustainable use of natural resources and

environmental issues like run off and accumulation of pesticides, fertilizers and

pollution etc., Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at the

atomic (or) molecular scale and holds the promise of providing significant improvement

in technologies for protecting the environment. Nanotechnology is the emerging

scientific field of 21st century which involves working with materials and devices that

are at nanoscale level. The definition of nano food is that nanotechnology techniques (or)

tools are used during cultivation, production, processing (or) packaging of food.

Food fortification and modification: Nanotech companies are working to fortify

processed food with nano-encapsulated nutrients, its appearance and taste boosted by

nano-developed colours, its fat and sugar content removed (or) disabled by nano-

modification and its mouth feel improved. Food fortification will be used to increase the

nutritional claims that can be made about a given processed food . Nanotechnology will

also enable junk foods like icecream and chocolate to be modified to reduce the amount

of fats and sugars that body can absorb. This could happen by replacing some of fats

and sugars with other substances (or) by using nanoparticles to prevent the body from

digesting (or) absorbing these components of food. In this way, nano industry could

market vitamin and fibre- fortified, fat and sugar blocked junk food as health promoting

and weight reducing.

Monitoring quality of agriculture products: Many vitamins and their precursors, such

as carotenoids are insoluble in water. However, when formulated as nanoparticles these

substance can be easily be mixed with cold water and their availability in the human

body also increases. Many lemonades and fruit juices contains these specially

formulated additives which often also provide an attractive colour. In future bio and gas

sensors could gain importance which could be integrated in packaging materials to

monitor the freshness of food.

Conclusion: Research in nanotechnology has extremely high potential to benefit society

through application in agriculture and food systems. Nanotechnology holds the

potential of such system becoming a reality, agriculture has long dealt with improving

the efficiency if crop production, food processing, food safety and environmental

consequences.

62

[NAOP-14]

IMPACT OF NANO ZnO SPRAY IN INFLUENCING THE GROWTH AND

BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF BRASSICA CROPS

Satisha GC*, Prasad T NV K V1, Bharathi K, Shruthi TS, Mazhar Jamil and

Ganeshamurthy AN

Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru – 560

089, Karnataka, India

1Institute of Frontier Technology, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University,

Tirupati – 517 502, India


Zinc plays an important role in nutrition of horticultural crops and its deficiency is now

known to be widespread in soils of India. The corrective measures involve application

of zinc fertilizers (ZnSO4) to the soils or to foliage as sprays. Recently the colloidal

solution of zinc oxide nanoparticles is known to be better source of Zn as fertilizer

without the harmful factors of chemical fertilizer and also have potential to boost the

yield and growth of crops. The effect of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles

(ZnO NPs) on growth and biomass production of brassica crops viz., cabbage and

cauliflower was studied in field experiments conducted during Rabi season of 2014-15

at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. At 45 days after planting, plant

height, plant growth parameters and plant dry matter yield were measured. Zn contents

were partitioned into leaves, stump and roots. Plant height and dry matter yield of

both cabbage and cauliflower differed markedly between different levels of Nano ZnO

and ZnSO4 (a common source of Zn supplement). A positive significant

growth response was apparent in plants sprayed with ZnO NPs as compared to control.

A significant increase in all plant growth parameters was obtained at the concentration

of 150 mg l-1 ZnO NPs. In contrast, a significant reduction of the growth parameter

measured was obtained at a concentration of 250 mg l-1. Analysis of the Zn contents in

plants sprayed with ZnO NPs showed that substantial amount accumulated in the

leaves, stump, and roots of these crops.


http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Keyword/65561/plant-height


http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Keyword/31363/plant-growth




63

[NAOP-15]

ADULTERANT, MYCOTOXIN AND BIO-CONTAMINANT DETECTION IN

SPICES: RELEVANCE OF NANO-TECHNOLOGY

Giridhar K1, Surya Kumari S1 and Naram Naidu L2




Spice trade requires preservation of quality, aroma, flavour and taste over extended

periods. Nanotechnology is an area of emerging interest and opens up a whole

gamut of new possibilities for the challenges in spice industry. Nano spice packaging

improves and alerts food safety, maintains stability of packaging, produce stronger

flavours and colour quality, and even release preservatives to extend shelf life.

Formation of nanocomplexes or nanocomposite immobilizing matrices that can be

easily detected with biosensors paved the way for easy and reliable adulterant

detection in spice industry. Modification of present adulterant detection systems like

HPLC with carbon nano-tube-ionic liquid gel modified electrode, opened new vistas

for novel detection systems. Plasmon resonance light scattering signals of silver

nanoparticles and rapid fluorescence assay for the detection of adulterants as Sudan

dyes using polyethyleneimine-coated copper nanoclusters were found promising.

Novel mycotoxin detection systems using anti-fungal monoclonal antibodies and

magnetic NPs with remarkable purification which takes approximately 5 minutes for

detection and may replace the lengthy conventional immuno-affinity columns

methods and offer immense scope in monitoring and control of mycotoxins. Bio-

contaminant detection in packaging for safety by increasing the barrier properties

can be achieved through nanomaterial use. The gold label developed from

denatured amplicons of biocontaminant provided reliable detection of

biocontamination. Nanotechnology changes the scope of adulterant, mycotoxin and

bio-contaminant detection in spices immensely.

64

[NAOP-16]

NANOTECHNOLOGY - APPLICATION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT

Hemalatha V*, Dilip Babu J, RVSK Reddy and Rajasekhar M

Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University (Dr.Y.S.R.H.U), Venkataramannagudem,

West Godavari-534 101, Andhra Pradesh, India.


Nanotechnology is the design, fabrication and utilization of materials, structures,

devices and systems through control of matter on the nanometer length scale and

exploitation of novel phenomena and properties (physical, chemical, biological) at

that length scale in at least one dimension. Potential applications of

nanobiotechnology in agriculture are high throughput DNA sequencing and

nanofabricated gel-free systems, microarrays and expression profiling, increasing the

speed and power of disease diagnostics, creating bio-nanostructures for getting

functional molecules into cells and miniaturizing biosensors. Coupled with powerful

approaches such as association genetic analysis, DNA sequencing data of the crop

germplasm, including the cultivated crop gene pool and the wild relatives can

potentially provide highly useful information about molecular markers associated

with agronomically and economically important traits. DNA microarrays are being

used to detect mutations in disease-related genes, monitor gene activity, identify

genes important to crop productivity and improve screening for microbes used in

bioremediation. Tiny sensors offer the possibility of monitoring pathogens on crops

and livestock as well as measuring crop productivity. In addition, nanoparticles

could increase the efficiency of fertilisers. Thus, nanotechnology has wider uses in

biotechnology, genetics, plant breeding, disease control, fertilizer technology,

precision agriculture and allied fields etc.


65

[NAOP-17]

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF MGO NANOPARTICLES ON MUNG BEAN

(VIGNA RADIATA L.) PLANT GROWTH PARAMETERS Siva Kumari B1, Jayarambabu N1, Venkateswara Rao K2, Prabhu YT2

1Department of Botany, Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

2Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology,

JNTU Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana-500085, India.


Agricultural science is a branch of science and is familiar with the properties of

nanomaterial and their potential applications. Current research work aimed to test the

beneficial effects of MgO nanoparticles on seed germination of mung bean (Vigna radiata

L.) The MgO nanoaprticles were prepared by chemical method in this method,

magnesium acetate used as a precursor and sodium hydroxide used as a reducing agent.

The synthesized MgO nanoparticles were subjected to characterization techniques such

as viz., XRD, PSA, FTIR, TG/DTA and SEM. The graded concentrations (0.0, 50, 100 and

150 mg) of MgO nanoparticle suspensions were prepared using ultrasonicator. The

selected seeds were soaked in the suspension for 12 hours and transferred into pots. The

observations were noted regarding seed germination and growth parameters of the

mungbean plants. Application of MgO nanoparticles significantly enhanced the

characteristics of seed germination. In current work the MgO treated material has

improved seed germination, seed germination index, seed vigour index, seedling fresh

shoot, root length, seedling fresh weight and dry weight. Therefore the results obtained

were very clear that MgO nanoparticles has a significant impact on seed germination.

Figure 1: Illustrating the effect of MgO nanoparticles


66

[NAOP-18]

EFFECT OF NANO ZNO PARTICLES ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING

VIGOUR IN RABI SORGHUM

Poornima R1* and Koti RV2

Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Science,

Dharwad-580005, Karnataka


The soil of North Karnataka is calcareous in nature with high pH and has low Zn

content. The rabi sorghum grown in the region suffers from low Zn nutrition and low Zn

content in the seed. Zinc sulphate application to the soil is usual practice but, not

sustainable in long run. In recent years, Nanotechnology has been found to solve many

of the agriculture related problems with tremendous improvement as compared to

conventional agriculture systems. The applications of nano sized nutrients are efficient

in their uptake and translocation because of high surface area and reactivity. Hence, an

attempt has been made to see the response during seedling stage for nano particle Zn.

The sorghum (cv M-35-1) seeds were treated with 1,10,100,500,1000 ppm of nano ZnO

(30nm size) and bulk ZnSO4. Then the seeds were kept in petriplates for incubation at

26±10C. The observation indicated the highest germination in nano ZnO 500 ppm (100%)

as compared to Zn SO4 (95%). Root (21.4 cm) and shoot length (15.97cm) was

significantly higher in ZnO treatment than ZnSO4 (19.63, 14.57). Overall data indicates

that nano particles are having significant positive effect on root growth and seedling

vigour. Further, growth and yield related studies have to be conducted.


67

[NAOP-19]

THE ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS

Koteswara Rao G*, Ashok P and Sasikala K

Horticultural College & Research Institute, Dr YSRHU, V R Gudem 534 101


Horticulture science has been defined as science and art of cultivating and

handling of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. Human population is

increasing rapidly, so providing sufficient and healthy food is becoming a very

important problem in the near future. Now, increasing production efficiency and

decreasing post-harvest wastage with using the findings of novel scientific researches

such as biotechnology and nanotechnology in products, could be counted as the best

solution to this problem. Nanotechnology using particular characteristics of

nanoparticles can be a very useful technology in all science and industry branches.

Nowadays, a lot of usages of nanotechnology in agricultural sciences have been

established. In relation with extension of horticultural products shelf life,

nanotechnology can help us in some grounds viz., controlling growth and development

of microorganisms, introducing a new generation of packaging coverage‟s (Films) and

controlling influence of gases and the harmful rays (UV), increasing strength, quality

and packaging beauty, and using the multiple chips (Nanobiosensors) for labeling

products that considered as fundamental step to automated control of storages. Several

investigations support that nano-packing material had quite beneficial effects on

physicochemical and physiological quality compared with normal packing material.

Furthermore, these nano-packing materials have the advantages of simple processing

and industrial feasibility in contrast with other storages, some of which are time-

consuming, costly and alter color and flavor. Therefore, the nano-packing may provide

an attractive alternative to improve the preservation qualities of fruits, vegetables and

other valuable horticultural crops during extended storage.


68

[NAOP-20]

EFFECT OF TIME OF APPLICATION AND CONCENTRATION NANO ZINC

SULPHIDE (ZnS) ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUNFLOWER

(HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

Dharam Singh Meena1, Aravinda Kumar BN1 and Savalgi VP 2

1Department of Agronomy and 2 Department of Agricultural Microbiology

College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580005

In India, Zn is now considered the fourth most important yield-limiting nutrient. Zinc is required for chlorophyll production, pollen function, fertilization and germination. Zinc plays important role in biomass production and has a vital role in several body functions. Similarly, plant nutrient Sulphur (S) is required by the plants in amounts similar to phosphorus (P) and is important for protein synthesis and is known to be a constituent of sulphur containing amino acids like cystine, cysteine and methionine. Functionally, sulphur significantly influences the yield and quality of crops, improves odour and flavors and imparts resistance to cold and hence it is generally considered a “quality nutrient”. Among oilseed crops, sunflower has gained good popularity among the growers because of its attractive price and demand for its oil. Because it is an energy-rich oilseed crop, sulphur nutrition assumes greater importance in comparison to other nutrients. In the absence of sulphur, carbohydrates are not fully utilized for the formation of oil. Sulphur deficiency in sunflower is detrimental to seed yield and quality. Further the problem is aggravated by excessive use of chemical fertilizers which cause serious environmental hazards as only a fraction is really absorbed by plants, about 40-70% of nitrogen and 80-90% of phosphorus of the applied normal fertilizers are lost to the environment and could not absorbed by crops, which not only causes large economic and resource losses but also very serious environmental pollution. In this situation, use of nanofertlizers play a great role. The nano-fertilizers have higher surface area, solubility and particles size of less than 100 nm has been found desirable in increasing use efficiency of nutrients in the plant system. Roots and leaves have nano and micro-pores, nano fertilizers have small size and large surface area can increase the interaction with plant surface and improve uptake. Preliminary studies were conducted to test the effect of ZnS nano fertilizer applications on sunflower crop under polyhouse conditions. Green synthesis of nano zinc sulphide was carried out at the Department of Biotechnology, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka based on One-step colloidal synthesis of biocompatible water-soluble ZnS quantum dot/chitosan nano conjugates (Mansur et. al, 2013). For characterization of nano zinc sulphide solution UV–Vis spectroscopy measurements were conducted and observed for similar wave length and bandgap energy by indirect calculation following a standard procedure. Nano zinc sulphide solutions used as foliar spray on sunflower crop and observed that all the five concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm) of nano zinc sulphide significantly resulted in higher plant height, no. of leaves/ plant and chlorophyll content over control. Among concentration 400 ppm recorded maximum plant height.

69

[NAOP-21]

NANONEPHROLOGY: A NOVEL TOOL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Saisruthi K* and Sreedevi A

Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology,

Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati.


Nanoparticles have emerged in the medical field as a technology well-suited for the

diagnosis and treatment of a variety of disease states. They have been heralded as

efficacious owing to both in terms of improved therapeutic efficacy as well as reduction

of treatment side effects in some cases. Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical

properties; can be used to overcome some of the limitations found in traditional

therapeutic agents and diagnostic methods. Nanonephrology is a branch of

nanomedicine and nanotechnology that deals with the study of kidney protein

structures at the atomic level, nanoimaging approaches to study cellular processes in

kidney cells and novel medical treatments that utilize nanoparticles and to treat various

kidney diseases. The diverse research and applications of NPs in the field of kidney

disease alone has opened new avenues of treatment, disease detection, and disease

monitoring. Nanoparticles had been employed in kidney targeting and kidney imaging,

renovascular hypertension, in acute renal failure, kidney transplantation, ischemic

reperfusion injury, chronic kidney disease and renal malignancy. The ability to direct

events in a controlled fashion at the cellular nano level has the potential of significantly

improving the lives of patients with kidney diseases.

70

[NAOP-22]

NANOPESTICIDES FOR ENHANCED EFFICACY AND GREENER

ENVIRONMENT

Pinnamaneni Rajasekhar1 and Potineni Kalidas2

1Department of Biotechnology, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology,

Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, R. R. District-501 301

2Entomology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research,

Pedavegi, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. 534 450


The beginning of civilization depended on agriculture, so is its future. There has

been an increase in the use of biodegradable materials of biological origin as matrix

material such as beeswax, cornoil, or lecithin, or cashew gum being viewed

ecofriendly, when associated with active ingredients of natural origin, could be

considered for use in organic crop production. Many natural substances are known

to exhibit pesticidal properties but they are generally rather unstable and require

protection against premature degradation. Nanopesticides represent an attractive

technological advancement in contrast to pesticide usage, offering a range of benefits

including increased efficacy, durability, and a reduction in the amounts of active

ingredients that need to be used in protecting the environment and human health.

Biologically more active and relatively environmentally-safe pesticides as

nanoformulations in the form of nanospheres, nanogels, or nanofibers, have the

objective of developing less harmful plant-protection products through the use of

biodegradable polymers or active ingredients of natural origin. The types of

polymers considered for nanopesticides are similar to those used in the

pharmaceutical or cosmetic sectors, consisting mainly of polysaccharides (e.g.,

chitosan, alginates and starch), polyesters (e.g., poly-ε-caprolactone, and

polyethylene glycol). More than 3,000 patent applications for nanopesticides have

been lodged in the past decade. Polymer-based nanoformulations have greater

efficacy compared to commercial formulations and have multiple applications such

as the release of active ingredients in a slow and targeted manner, protecting active

ingredients against degradation and increasing the apparent solubility of active

ingredients that are poorly water soluble.


71

[NAOP-23]

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND

MANAGEMENT

Santoshreddy Machenahalli, Nargund, VB and Madhu S Giri

Department of Plant Pathology,

College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580005

e-mail: [email protected]

Plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids and phytoplasma are of

paramount importance to farmers because they reduce quality and crop yield. In order

to manage these plant diseases early detection is most important. Molecular techniques

like PCR based methods and serological techniques are being used. In addition to this

nanotechnology can be used as diagnostic tool for early and quick disease detection.

Nano particles and quantum dots have emerged as pivotal tool for detection of a

particular biological marker with extreme accuracy. The advancement in

nanofabrication and characterization tools has enabled studies of physical, chemical and

biological interactions between plant cell organelles and various disease causing

pathogens. A better understanding of plant pathogenic mechanisms such as flagella

motility and bio film formation will lead to improved treatment strategies to manage the

diseases and protect the crops. Various forms of silver, zinc, gold and copper

nanoparticles finding better place in plant disease management. Nanotechnology

provides new agrochemicals and new delivery mechanisms to improve crop

productivity; promises to reduce pesticide use and reduce overall pollution of

environment.


72

[NAOP-24]

AN OVERVIEW OF NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN AGRONOMY

Srinivasulu DV, Prabhakara Reddy G, Nagarjuna V and Prajapati P

Department of Agronomy, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, A.P.


Agriculture in 21st century facing a wide spectrum of challenges today such as stagnation in crop yields, low nutrient use efficiency, declining soil organic matter, multi-nutrient deficiencies, climate change, shrinking arable land and water availability and shortage of labour besides exodus of people from farming. So to address these problems and to attain a sustainable growth in agriculture at the rate of 4% there is a need to explore such a technology that can shape the modern agriculture in a more productive fashion that would ultimately lead to precision farming in a cost-effective way with the delivery of just the right amount of input at the right time. Among the latest line of technological innovations in the field of agriculture one of the frontier technologies is „Nanotechnology‟ which occupies a distinguished position in remodelling agriculture and food production to fulfil the demands in an efficient and cost-effective way while ensuring environmental safety and higher use efficiency. In the past few decades use efficiencies of N, P and K fertilizers have remained constant as 30-35%, 18-20% and 35-40%, respectively. In order to address various issues of low fertilizer use efficiency it is important to evolve a nano-based fertilizer formulation with multiple functions. It was shown that 640 mg ha-1 foliar application (40 ppm concentration) of nanophosphorus gave 80 kg ha-1 P equivalent yield of clusterbean and pearl millet under arid environment. These preliminary results suggest that balanced fertilization may be achieved through nanotechnology. Further nano-based fertilizers have greater role in hydroponics in the near future. Super water adsorbents made by nanotechnology has an important role in storage and protecting water in arid and semiarid regions. Detoxification of weed residues is necessary as excessive use of herbicides for longer period of times leaves residues in soil and causes damage to succeeding crops. Nanotechnology has potential to get rid of weeds by using Nano-herbicides in an eco-friendly way without leaving any toxic residues in soil and environment. Up to 88% detoxification of a herbicide “atrazine” by Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) nanoparticles has been reported. Less amount of herbicide will be used if active ingredient is combined with a “smart” delivery system. Having size in nano dimensions, these will blend with soil particles and prevent the growth of weed species that have become resistant to conventional herbicides. Wireless nano-sensors across the cultivated fields providing essential data for agronomic processes like optimal time of planting, time and amount of water, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides application, harvesting of the crops etc. The reduced use of herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers with increased efficiency, controlled release and targeted delivery will lead to precision farming. This is moving precision agriculture to a much higher level of control. It will increase agricultural potential to harvest higher yields in eco-friendly way even in challenging environment.

73

[NAOP-25]

EFFICIENCY OF NANOFERTILIZERS IN AGRICULTURE

Vakada Manasa, Chaitra SP*, Hebsur NS, Hebbara M and NargundVB

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka-580005.


Nano fertilizersare the particles of nano size which can supply essential nutrients for

plant growth, have higher use efficiency and can be delivered in a timely manner to a

rhizospheric target or by foliar spray. Nanofertilizers are molecular modified or

synthesized materials used to improve the fertility of soil for a better yield and increased

crop quality.Use of nano-fertilizer to control delivery of nutrients can be a powerful tool

towards attaining sustainable agriculture. Fertilizer contributes to the tune of 35-40% of

the productivity of any crops. Implement of nanotechnology in agriculture through

fertilizer modification is one of the possible choices to increment in the crop production

and feed the world‟s increasing population. Encapsulation of fertilizers within a

nanoparticle can be done in three ways a) the nutrient can be encapsulated inside

nanoporous materials b) coated with thin polymer film or c) delivered as particle or

emulsions of nanoscales dimensions. Nanofertilizers will combine nanodevices in order

to synchronize the release of nutrients with crop uptake, so as to prevent undesirable

nutrient losses. The use of nanofertilizers causes an increase in their efficiency,

minimizes the potential negative effects associated with over dosage of fertilizers and

reduces the frequency of fertilizer application.


74

[NAOP-26]

NANOTECHNOLOGY: A POTENTIAL TOOL IN SPICE, AROMATIC AND

DRUG INDUSTRY

Surya Kumari S1, Giridhar K1 and Naram Naidu L2



Correpondence: surya.surepeddi@ gmail.com

Spices, medicinal and aromatic crops are commodities of commerce with significant

secondary metabolites and bio-active compounds, where quality of the produce is an

exceedingly important aspect for trade. The present scenario offers numerous avenues

for the application of nanotechnology which improves the characteristic of micro-

structured bioactive compounds by enhancing their water solubility, bio-availability,

increasing absorbancy and antioxidant properties, facilitating stable dispersion and

dissolving of ingredients homogeneously. Organic nano-sized additives help in

retaining function and taste attributes. Edible nanocoatings work as a tool to deliver

colours, flavours, antioxidants, enzymes and anti-browning agents, and improve the

shelf life of manufactured foods even after the pakage is opened. Apart from general

applications, detection of geographical origin, preservation of quality and freshness,

better traceability and security of food products, residue, adulterant and aflatoxin

detection and monitoring, packaging and preservation, drug preparation and delivery,

and detection of bio-contaminants are imperative. The health benefits, stability and oral

bioavailability could be enhanced by encapsulation in nanoemulsions. Nanoparticles

when used during transit and storage of spices avoid lumping. Robust electronic nose

systems can be deployed for spice flavour discrimination. Adulterants with sudan dyes

can be detected with polyethyleneimine coated copper nano clusters and cFLISA was

developed for AFB1 detection. Microbial contamination can be reduced with irradiation

of samples packaged by Poly Ethylene films with nano silver particles as in saffron.

Phytosynthesis of NPs was promising for packaging, delivery and enhancing the

efficacy of various drugs. AuNPs-conjugated cfH (ciprofloxacin) derived from garlic

were found to have better antibacterial activities. CeO2 and NPS as soil application

altered the nutritional properties of coriander leaves opening vistas for new research in

toxicological studies. The delivery, fate and toxicity of engineered nano particles (ENPs)

need a comprehensive research approach to ensure safe, high quality produce. Issues

pertaining to food quality, safety and toxicity are of primary importance as these are

widely used in numerous food preparations. As these crops are unique in nature, a

special attention is needed on evolving data on risk assessment and regulatory aspects

so that trans-national trade is unhindered.

75

[NAOP-27]

POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE

Nagamani C* and Deepthi Kiran Y

Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati – 517502.


Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. Several

applications of nanotechnology are of interest to agriculture, although even in

developed countries, nanotechnology is not currently in widespread use in the

agricultural sector. Applications of nanotechnology currently noted to be in the food

production chain include nanosensors and nanoagricultural chemicals. Nanosensors are

capable of detecting very small amounts of chemical contaminants, viruses, and bacteria

in food, water, and environmental media. Of particular importance to developing

countries are the nanotechnology applications addressing low use efficiency of inputs

(such as nutrients, irrigation water, and pesticides) and stress of drought and high soil

temperature. Nanoscale agrichemical formulations increase the use efficiency and

decrease losses into the environment. More efficient nutrient delivery can be expected to

result in increased yields. Nanoporous materials capable of storing water and slowly

releasing it during times of drought can also be expected to increase yields. Applications

of nanotechnology to reduce the effects of aflatoxin will increase the weight of food

animals, resulting in more usable meat.


76

[NAOP-28]

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTION

Reshma A*, Parlapalli Sharmila and Bhagavatha Priya T

Dept. of Crop Physiology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati


Agri-food nanotechnology is anticipated to become a driving economic force in the near

future. Agri-food themes focus on sustainability and protection of agriculturally

produced foods, including crops for human consumption and animal feeding.

Nanotechnology provides new agrochemical agents and new delivery mechanisms to

improve crop productivity, and it promises to reduce pesticide use. Nanotechnology can

boost agricultural production, and its applications include: nanoformulations of

agrochemicals for applying pesticides and fertilizers for crop improvement; the

application of nanobiosensors in crop protection for the identification of diseases and

residues of agrochemicals; nanodevices for the genetic manipulation of plants; plant

disease diagnostics; animal health, animal breeding, poultry production; and

postharvest management. Nanotechnology uses include nanoparticle-mediated gene or

DNA transfer in plants for the development of insect-resistant varieties, food processing

and storage, nanofeed additives, and increased product shelf life. Nanotechnology

promises to accelerate the development of biomass-to-fuels production technologies.

Raising awareness of nanotechnology in the agri-food sector, including feed and food

ingredients, intelligent packaging and quick detection systems, is one of the keys to

influencing consumer acceptance.


77

[NAOP-29]

APPLICATIONS OF NANO-SENSORS IN PRECISION FARMING

Parlapalli Sharmila*, Kadiri mohan, Amasa Reshma

Department of Agricultural economics,

S.V. Ag. College, Tirupati – 517502.


Agriculture provides food for humans, directly and indirectly. Given the increasing

world population, it is necessary to use the modern technologies such as bio and

nanotechnologies in agricultural sciences. Nanotechnology has been defined as

relating to materials, systems and processes which operate at a scale of 100

nanometers (nm) or less Nanotechnology has many applications in all stages of

production. Wireless nanosensors for precision agriculture Crop growth and field

conditions like moisture level, soil fertility, temperature, crop nutrient status, insects,

plant diseases, weeds, etc. can be monitored through advancement in

nanotechnology. Such real-time monitoring is done by employing networks of

wireless nano-sensors across the cultivated fields, providing essential data for

agronomic processes like optimal time of planting and harvesting of the crops. It is

also helpful for monitoring the time and amount of water application, fertilizers,

pesticides, herbicides and other treatments. This has moved precision agriculture to

a much higher level of control, for instance, in water usage, leading eventually to

conservation of water. More precise water delivery systems are likely to be

developed in the near future. The factors critical for such development include water

storage, in situ water holding capacity, water distribution near roots, water

absorption efficiency of plants, encapsulated water released on demand, and

interaction with field intelligence through nano-sensor systems.


78

[NAOP-30]

ROLE OF AGRINANO TECHNOLOGY FOR SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION

Parlapalli Sharmila*, Kadiri mohan, Amasa Reshma

Department of Agricultural economics,

S.V. Ag. College, Tirupati – 517502.


Agriculture is the backbone of most developing countries like India, with more than

60% of the population relying on it for their livelihood. India is basically an agrarian

economy and has experience production boost during First Green Revolution. But

the agricultural growth rate is experiencing a plateau and there is immediate need

for enhancing agricultural productivity for maintaining self-sufficiency in

agriculture. Nanotechnology is the latest buzz word in the field of engineering and

technology which can play as a catalyst for enhancing agricultural growth rate.

Nanotechnology as an interdisciplinary technology can play a leading role in

overcoming problems in agriculture. The „First Green Revolution‟ witnessed during

early 70‟s culminated in tremendous yield increase through four basic elements of

production system viz. semi-dwarf high yielding varieties of rice and wheat,

extensive use of irrigation, fertilizers and agro-chemicals. It is going to make drastic

changes in almost every aspect of economic life of 21st century. Initial spurt in

agricultural growth rate as a result of the “First Green Revolution” has experienced

distinct slowdown in recent years. There is urgent need to enhance productivity

through technological as Nanotechnology, intervention. In general parlance,

nanotechnology is a science of miniature. The road map for development of

Nanotechnological application in agriculture is very logical.


79

[NAOP-31]

ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL SCIENCES

Sukumar K1, Swapna G

2, Kumar G*, Udaya Bhanu K

3, Praveen Kumar Y**,

PedaBabu B4

, Kaladhar Babu K5

and Raghu B6

1Scientist (Pl.Br), AICRP on Soybean, ARS, Adilabad;

2Assistant Professor, College of

Veterinary Science, Korutla; 3Senior Research Fellow, IIMR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad;

4Assistant Professor, College of Horticulture,Mojerla;

5Assistant Professor, College of

Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad; 6

Seed officer, Nizamabad; *Senior Research

Fellow, ARS,Adilabad; **Programme Coordinator, KVK,Adilabad


Population has been increasing at an alarming rate. Due to excessive exploitation of resources resulted in depletion of raw materials in various sectors, especially the petroleum on which Agricultural sector depends mostly. Anthropogenic activities further aggravated the problems of present agriculture and animal sectors. Conventional plant breeding techniques followed by the present Biotechnology provided solutions and resulted in increased productivity. However, land resources have been limiting day by day and hence there is a need of another technology to meet the food demand of the increasing population. Nanotechnology has been emerging as a potential technique to provide the solutions for early and effective control of pest and diseases, quality improvement and also the, animal health. Nanosensors and nano-based smart delivery systems will be employed in efficient use of agricultural natural resources like water, nutrients and chemicals through precision farming. Through the use of nanomaterials and global positioning systems with satellite imaging of fields, farm managers could remotely detect crop pests or evidence of stress such as drought.Accordingly, there would be automatic adjustment of pesticide applications or irrigation levels when the problem is identified. Nanosensors can also detect the presence of plant viruses and the level of soil nutrients. Nano encapsulation increases the life of the active ingredient by providing protection against adverse climatic conditions. Nanoencapsulation comprises nano-sized particles of the active ingredients will be sealed by a thin-walled sac or protective coating.This helps in controlled release of the active ingredient with efficient pest and disease control. Nano pesticides reduce the rate of application by 10-15 times. Nanoencapsulation comprises nano-sized particles of the active ingredients being sealed by a thin-walled sac or protective coating. Among plant disesses, viral diseases are difficult to control but this technology helps in early detection of viral DNA and initial viral protein so as to take up early and effective control measures. Nanoencapsulated slow release fertilizers have also become a trend to save fertilizer consumption and to minimize environmental pollution. In rural areas, it is a common problem with the artificial insemination due to failure of fertilization. In this, nanotube will be implanted under skin to measure the real time changes in estradiol in blood. Nanotubes help in detecting the oestrus in the animal and hence Nanotechnology improves the efficiency of artificial insemination.


80

[NAOP-32]

ASSESSMENT OF PLANT DISEASE THROUGH NANOTECHNOLOGY

Somashekhargouda Patil and Poornima R

Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural sciences, Dharwad-580005,

Karnataka, INDIA

Nanotechnology is a promising field of interdisciplinary research and opens up a wide

array of opportunities in various fields like agriculture, medicine, pharmaceuticals and

electronics. The potential uses and benefits include insect pests management through

the formulations of nanomaterials-based pesticides and insecticides, enhancement of

agricultural productivity using bio-conjugated nanoparticles for slow release of

nutrients and water, nanoparticle-mediated gene or DNA transfer in plants for the

development of insect pest resistant varieties and use of nanomaterials for preparation

of different kind of biosensors, which would be useful in remote sensing devices

required for precision farming. Nanomaterials-based pesticides and insecticides

includes nano solution for protecting the food and agriculture from bacteria, fungus and

viral agents. Nanoparticles may act upon pathogens in a way similar to chemical

pesticides or the nanomaterials can be used as carrier of active ingredients of pesticides,

host defence inducing chemicals, etc. to the target pathogens. Because of ultra small size,

nanoparticles may hit/target virus particles and may open a new field of virus control in

plants. The disease diagnosis, pathogen detection and residual analysis may become

much more precise and quick with the use of nanosensors. Some of the nano particles

that have entered into the arena of controlling plant diseases are nanoforms of carbon,

silver, silica and alumino-silicates. Still there is a need to critically analyse the effect of

nano particles and its biosafety aspects with respect to environment.

81

[NAOP-33]

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE

Sasikala K* and Ashok P



Nanotechnology has great potential, as it can enhance the quality of life through its

applications in various fields like agriculture and the food system. Around the world it

has become the future of any nation. It deals with the physical, chemical and biological

properties of matter considered at nanoscale (1–100 nm) and their implications for the

welfare of human beings. Nanoscale carriers can be utilized for the efficient delivery of

fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, plant growth regulators. The opportunity for

application of nanotechnology in agriculture is prodigious. Research on the applications

of nanotechnology in agriculture is less than a decade old. Nevertheless, as conventional

farming practices become increasingly inadequate, and needs have exceeded the

carrying capacity of the terrestrial ecosystem, we have little option but to explore

nanotechnology in all sectors of agriculture. Nanotechnology promises a breakthrough

in improving our presently abysmal nutrient use efficiency through nanoformulation of

fertilizers, breaking yield and nutritional quality barriers through bionanotechnology,

surveillance and control of pests and diseases, understanding the mechanism of host-

parasite interactions at the molecular scale, development of new-generation pesticides

and safe carriers, preservation and packaging of food and food additives, strengthening

of natural fiber, removal of contaminants from soil and water bodies, improving the

shelf-life of vegetables and flowers, and use of clay minerals as receptacles for

nanoresources involving nutrient ion receptors, precision water management,

regenerating soil fertility, reclamation of salt-affected soils, checking acidification of

irrigated lands, and stabilization of erosion-prone surfaces, to name a few. But one must

be very careful with this new technology regarding its possible unforeseen related risks

that may come through its positive potential.

mailto:*%20Correpondence:%[email protected]

82

[NAOP-34]

NANOTECHNOLOGY ROLE IN HORTICULTURE

Majjiga Komala

Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University

Horticultural college and research institute – Anantharajupet-516105


Human population is increasing rapidly, so providing sufficient and healthy food is

becoming a very important problem in the near future. Now increasing production

efficiency and decreasing post-harvest wastage and control pest and diseases with

using the findings of novel scientific researches such as bio-technology and nano-

technology in products, could be counted as the best solution to this problem.Nano-

technology using particular characteristics of nanoparticles can be a very useful

technology in all science and industry branches. In relation with extension of

horticultural products shelf life and control pest and diseases. Using the multiple

chips (Nano biosensors) for labelling products that considered as fundamental step

to automated control of storages. They have advantages over conventional chemical

methods which associated with ecotoxicity. Application of nanomaterial in crop

protection and in post-harvest technology for a cleaner and greener horticulture.


83

[NAOP-35]

SCOPE OF NANO TECHNOLOGY IN PATHOGEN CONTROL

Jyosthna MK, Chaithanya BH, Bhaskar B, Naga Lakshmi T, Khayum Ahmmed S,

Anil Kumar P, Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R.

S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati – 517 502.

Fungal and bacterial pathogens cause losses agricultural crops both during pre and post harvest. Some of these organisms are host specific whereas others affect a wide variety of crops causing huge economic losses. With the estimated doubling of global food demand in next 50 years and huge challenges in food production, and the growing demand for pesticide worldwide to control the pathogens and pests, there is a need to tackle the excessive usage of pesticides and fertilizers by exploring alternate strategies. One of the potential solutions will be controlled release of encapsulated pesticides against pests and pathogens, early detection of plant disease and pollutants including pesticide residues by using nanosensors. Among the biopolymer nano particles, chitosan nanoparticles have got various applications in biology due to its biodegradable and nontoxic properties. The modes of inhibition of chitosan are: alteration of permeability of plasma membrane and leakage of cellular contents leading to death of cell due to interaction of positively charged chitosan with negatively charged phospholipids of pathogenic fungal membranes; Chelating of chitosan with trace elements, thus making them unavailable for fungal pathogen growth (competition); penetrating into fungi and binding to fungal DNA, leading to inhibition of synthesis of mRNA. Among the metallic nano particles, silver, silica, copper and zinc nano particles can be used as new antimicrobial agents and an alternative to synthetic fungicides to delay or inhibit the growth of many pathogens species because of their multiple mode of inhibition. The nano particles would be effective, especially for those organisms that are less sensitive to antibiotics because of poor penetration of some antibiotics into microbial cells. Silver ions and nano particles affect colony formation of spores and disease progress of fungi and it was also found that inhibition of fungal pathogens with silver nanoparticles is concentration dependent and on type of silver nanoparticles used. Silicon (Si) increases disease resistance and stress resistance in plants and also stimulates the physiological activity and growth of plants. Because of bio-compatibility of copper with chitosan, nanohydrogels can be included as a new generation of copper-based bio-pesticides and it could also be developed into an efficient delivery system for copper based fungicides for plant protection. Low melting point soda-lime glass powder containing copper nanoparticles showed efficient antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi, due to inhibitory synergistic effect of the Ca2+ lixiviated from the glass. ZnO nanoparticles cause deformation of fungal hyphae and prevent the conidiophores and conidial development which ultimately leads to the death of fungal hyphae. Nanotechnology holds the promise of controlled delivery of agrochemicals to improve disease resistance, plant growth enhancement. Nano encapsulation shows the benefit of more efficient and targeted use of pesticides in eco-friendly manner. Barring the minute limitations, nanomaterials have a tremendous potential in making crop protection methodologies cost effective and environmental friendly. But it needs further research investigations for putting it practically in vivo, keeping in view of its application in agriculture being newer.

84

[NAOP-36]

AN OVERVIEW OF NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ACTIVITES IN THE

AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

VIJAY KUMAR NAIK D1 , Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R2, Reddy BVB3

1 Dept of Plant Pathology , Agricultural college Mahanandi

2 Professor and Head, Dept of Plant Pathology, S. V. Agricultural college, Tirupati

3 Senior Scientist, Dept of Plant Pathology, IFT, RARS, Tirupati


The aim of application of nonmaterials in agriculture is to reduce utilisation of plant

protection products, minimize nutrient losses in fertilization and increase the yield

through optimized nutrient management. Nanotechnology devices and tools like

nanocapsules, nanoparticles and viral capsids used for the detection and treatment of

diseases, the enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants, the delivery of active

ingredients to specific site and water treatment processes. The use of target specific

nanoparticles can reduce the damage to non-target plant tissues and the amount of

chemicals released into the environment. Nanoparticles derived from biopolymers such

as proteins and carbohydrates with low impact on human health and the environment.

The potential of starch based nanoparticles as nontoxic and sustainable delivery systems

for agrochemical and biostimulants is being extensively investigated. Nanomaterials

and nanostructures with unique chemical, physical and mechanical properties such as

electrochemically active carbon nanotubes, nanofibers and fullerenes. These nanosensors

have also relevant implications for application in agriculture particular for soil analysis,

easy biochemical sensing and control, water management and delivery, pesticide and

nutrient delivery. In recent years, agricultural waste products used as a source of raw

materials for nanometerial production. Nanocomposites have beneficial properties

compared to traditional micro and macro composite materials and additionally their

production is more sustainable.


85

[NAOP-37]

INSECTS AND NANOSCIENCE: AN INTIMACY

Naveena NL1, Saroja S2 and Ranganath HR3

1Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore

2&3Division of Entomology and Nematology, IIHR, Bangalore.

Over years of evolution nature has developed many unique structures with very

attractive properties. One such creation is “Insects”. These small creatures could be

harmful to mankind in many ways, i.e., by destroying the crops and spreading deadly

diseases. In mean time they give us thoughts to manage the wealth and health of human

kind from being affected and further if we carefully study them we could achieve

wonderful things in the history of evolution. Researchers across the world have come up

with innovative ideas by use of insect structures like wing surface having nano-in-

microstructures with hydrophobic and frictionless properties, complicated elytra design

of beetles, compound eyes and hearing system. By imitating these insect models, they

have developed advanced instruments viz, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), nano-

taggants, machine-insects and nanocides which in turn are useful to the researchers to

understand these small creatures more precisely and further extract immense

information to develop the field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is an area of

research with an ability to manipulate the structure and property of complex material at

tiny level. The advantage of these nanotechnology-based approaches in the field of

insect science is enormous. At present we are applying nanotechnology to study insect

physiology, morphology and pest management. Nanotechnology plays a major role to

increase the effectiveness of pheromones and botanical insecticides in terms of shelf life

and efficacy However, it is immensely required to study the risks involved in using this

new approach in insect science, their possible effects on insect biodiversity, health and

environmental issues. What may be the issue, in nature Insects are unbelievable

nanotechnologists, but at present nanoscience is an emerging field in entomology and is

in nascent stage, but it could take off at any time.

86

[NAOP-38]

POTENTIALS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT

AGRICULTURE

Basavesha, KN1, Poornima R2 Noor Nawaz AS1 and Jagadeesh Yadav DK1

1Department of Agricultural Microbiology, 2Department of Crop Physiology

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

The prediction is that nanotechnology will transform the entire food industry, changing

the way food is produced, processed, packaged, transported and consumed. The nano

sized particles show differences in physical strength, chemical reactivity, electrical

conductance, magnetism, and optical effects. The developed countries have emerged

efficiently to utilize nanotechnology in modern agriculture for crop management called

Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) providing excellent platform to apply

nanotechnology in agriculture. With many of the monitoring and control systems

already in place, nanotechnological devices for CEA that provide “scouting”

capabilities could tremendously improve the grower‟s ability to determine the best time

of harvest for the crop, the vitality of the crop, and food security issues, such as

microbial or chemical contamination. Nanosensors and nano-based smart delivery

systems could help in the efficient use of agricultural natural resources like water,

nutrients and chemicals through precision farming. Use of nonmaterial‟s and global

positioning systems with satellite imaging of fields, farm managers could remotely

detect crop pests or evidence of stress such as drought. In such cases, there would be

automatic adjustment of pesticide applications or irrigation levels. Nanosensors

dispersed in the field can also detect the presence of plant viruses and the level of soil

nutrients. Nanoencapsulated slow release fertilizers have also become a trend to save

fertilizer consumption and to minimize environmental pollution. In addition, it can offer

routes to added value crops or environmental remediation. With the help of

electrospinning, scientists produce 100 nm fibers used as a fertilizer or pesticide

absorbent. Scientists have also succeeded in effective production of ethanol from maize

and cellulosic feed stocks through aligning their work on nano-engineered enzymes that

will allow simple and cost-effective conversion of cellulose to ethanol. Similarly, Rice

husk is used in the production of nanosilica through nanotechnology can alleviate the

growing rice husk disposal concern. Hence, future agriculture has to rely on

nanotechnology with the perspectives of prospection.


87

[NAOP-39]

NANOTECHNOLOGY: SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA




India is basically an agrarian economy and has a experience production boost during

First Green Revolution. But the agricultural growth rate is experiencing a plateau and

there is immediate need for enhancing agricultural productivity for maintaining self

sufficiency in agriculture. Nanotechnology is the latest buzz word in the field of

engineering and technology which can play as a catalyst for enhancing agricultural

growth rate. Nanotechnology has myriad agricultural application across the spectrum

which includes both on-farm as Nanosensors which may detect plant disease and off-

farm which include nano packaging or nano coating which increases self life of the food

products. At least, forty four countries of the world including India are pursuing R&D

for Nanotechnological application in agriculture for alleviating malnutrition and to

achieve Second Green Revolution. So far, it has been done mainly for developed

countries only and now it is up to the Indian researchers and scientists to innovate and

adapt them to suit the socio-economic milieu. The broad implication of Nanotechnology

for society can be grouped into two categories, namely environmental, health and safety

implication and societal dimensions. Responsible development of Nanotechnology

entails along with aggressive R&D towards agricultural application of Nanotechnology,

research must be carried out towards understanding the public health and safety of all

those who are producing and will consume them. Even if India does not adopt

nanotechnological initiative in agriculture, there are chances that they will come in the

Indian market due to liberalization and opening up of the economy.


88

[NAOP-40]

NANOCOMPOSITES - FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Sreedevi A and Prasanthi D

Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology,

SPMVV, Tirupati.


Nanoparticles represent promising drug carrier for various drug delivery systems.

Nanotechnology helps in increasing the solubility and bioavailability of drugs. Recently

Nanotechnology has acquired great importance because of its applications in several

areas such as pharmacy, electronics, computers, biotechnology etc. In spite of such

importance the instability of nanoparticles gives rise to aggregation which deters its use

for specific applications. Other disadvantages of Nanoparticles include limited drug

loading, formation of toxic metabolites, difference in physical handling of nanoparticles

in liquid and dry forms. Stabilization of nanoparticles can be achieved by making a

composite. Polymer nanocomposites consist of a polymer having nanoparticles or

nanofillers dispersed in the polymer matrix. Various methods have been reported for

stabilizing and capping of nanoparticles. Coating of nanoparticle and its surface

modification with functional polymers have been achieved to give resistance to

oxidation and possibility of embedding such modified nanoparticles in different

composites. Benefit of coating nanoparticle is avoidance of spread of nanoparticle to the

environment due to bonding between the substrate and coated nanoparticle. Synthesis

of Polymer nanocomposites is carried out based on insitu polymerization of monomers

inside the galleries of the inorganic host and melt intercalation of polymers.

Nanocomposites thus formed were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis),

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM). Not only polymer

nanocomposites are helpful in speeding up the growth of replacement bone when

applied as a scaffold but also helpful to the surgeons to better see the tumour during

surgery. The technological advance and manufacturing cost reduction have promoted

their use in the different fields.

89

[NAOP-41]

FUNGICIDAL ACTION OF THE MYCOGENIC SILVER NANOPARTICLES

AGAINST ASPERGILLUS NIGER INCITING COLLAR ROT DISEASE IN

GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L)

Bhaskar Ba, Khayum Ahammed Sa, Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi Ra and Prasad

TNVKVb

aDepartment of Plant Pathology, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya N G Ranga

Agricultural University, Tirupati – 517 502

bNanotechnology laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural

Research Station, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati – 517 502

Myconanotechnology is the study of nanoparticles synthesis using fungi and their

applications. The present work reports on preparation, characterization and antifungal

activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles produced by the fungus Trichoderma sp. which

was collected from groundnut rhizosphere. The culture filtrate of Trichoderma sp. was

used for the reduction of silver ions (Ag+) in AgNO3 solution to the silver (Ag0)

nanoparticles. The different ages (4 days, 6 days, 8 days, 12 days and 15 days) of culture

filtrates were screened for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Synthesized silver

nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Particle size and

Zeta potential analyzer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and

Transmission Electron Microscopy. Among the all treatments the silver nitrate solution

treated with six days aged culture filtrate of Trichoderma sp. showed the UV absorption

peak at 440 nm with maximum intensity (0.59) after 24 hrs incubation.

The TEM micrographs showed the spherical shaped silver nanoparticles with an

average size of 30 nm. The antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Aspergillus

niger causing collar rot disease in groundnut and aspergillosis in humans showed the

highest per cent inhibition at 100 ppm concentration (74.8%). The results points to the

usage of these mycogenic AgNPs in agriculture to control plant diseases.

90

[NAOP-42]

EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT PESTS BY PHEROMONE NANOGELS

Jahnavi M, Ramakrishna Rao A, Venkateshwarulu NC, Devaki K

Institute of Frontier Technology, Department of Entomology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati- 517502, A.P., India

Environment-friendly management of fruit flies involving pheromones is useful in

reducing the undesirable pest populations responsible for decreasing the yield and the

crop quality. The nanogel was thermoreversible in nature, a property which was found

to be useful for its long term use in the field. A nanogel has been prepared from a

pheromone, methyl eugenol (ME) using a low-molecular mass gelator. ME alone is a

colorless semi-viscous liquid which turns yellow on solubilization of the gelator 1 (2.5

mg/mL) upon brief warming of the mixture to ~65°C. In this condition, the pheromone

did not undergo any decomposition. When cooled to room temperature without any

external perturbation for a period of 10–15 min, the yellow solution turned into a thick,

viscous orange colored mass, which did not flow under the influence of gravity when

the vial was inverted upside down demonstrating the onset of gelation. The gelation

was retained unperturbed even after several consecutive heating and cooling cycles

(from room temperature to 70°C). Thus the preparation of the nanogels (1 + ME) is

indeed convenient without requiring addition of any organic solvents or chemical cross-

linking agents etc. Also, after several heat-cool cycles, or upon exposure to open orchard

for a number of weeks, neither a thermal or photo-chemical decomposition of ME

occurred. This ensured good chemical stability of the resulting nanogels. This was very

stable at open ambient conditions and slowed down the evaporation of pheromone

significantly. This enabled its easy handling and transportation without refrigeration,

and reduction in the frequency of pheromone recharging in the orchard. Notably the

involvement of the nano-gelled pheromone brought about an effective management of

Bactrocera dorsalis, a prevalent harmful pest for a number of fruits including guava. Thus

a simple, practical and low cost green chemical approach is developed that has a

significant potential for crop protection, long lasting residual activity, excellent efficacy

and favorable safety profiles. This makes the present invention well-suited for pest

management in a variety of crops.

91

[NAPP-1]

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: SCOPE AND ITS CURRENT

RELEVANCE

Koteshi Lamani

Department of seed science and technology,

Agricultural college, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka-580005


Agricultural scientists are facing a wide spectrum of chanllenges in crop

production system such as crop yield stagnation, low nutrient use efficiency,

declining organic matter, multi-nutrient deficiencies, climate change, shrinking

arable land and water availability, resistance to GMOs and shortage of labour

besides exodus of people from farming. Under the immense pressure from various

spheres of Indian agricultural scenarios, we need to attain a sustainable growth in

agriculture to the tune of 4% to meet the food security challenges. To address all

the demand ahead, we should think of an alternate technology such as

„Nanotechnology‟ to precisely detect and deliver the correct quantity of nutrients

and pesticides required by the crops in suitable proportion that promote

productivity while ensuring environmental safety and use efficiency. The

nanotechnology can be exploited in the value chain of entire agriculture

production system from plough to plate. This would require focussing on

technologies that increase agricultural productivities, product quality and

resource use efficiencies that reduce on farm costs, raise the value of production,

and increase farm incomes; as well as on conserving and enhancing the quality of

the natural resource base. It would also require conscientious efforts to provide a

system to deliver these innovations based on nanotechnology to a product

delivery stage and ensure that these reach the rural stakeholders at the end of the

agri-value chain. However, their success depends on many factor‟s like market

demand, profit margin, environmental benefits, risk assessment and management

policies in the back ground of other competitive technologies. Therefore, a

brainstorming session is essential.


92

[NAPP-2]

BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON RICE PLANTS

Rameshraddy, Pavithra GJ, Hajira khanm and Shankar AG*

University of agricultural science, GKVK-Bangalore

*Corresponding author: [email protected] or [email protected]

Nanotechnology is an innovative science and its application in agriculture field is well

appreciated. Its major scope in agriculture is been addressed for using nano fertilizer in

crop production and for biofortification. In our study an attempt was made to know the

effect of nano zinc particle (ZnO) for improving growth, yield and nutrient content of

rice over bulk zinc sources such as Zn sulphate and Zn gluconate. Initially the Zn

concentrations for seed priming were standardized in-vitro. The standardized Zn

concentrations were used to conduct pot experiment with different method of

applications like seed priming, foliar application and their combinations. Results

showed that the use of nano ZnO through any method of application has a significant

positive effect on growth, yield and seed Zn content compared to Zn-gluconate and Zn

sulfate. Furthermore, the investigation on the effect of nano ZnO particles during water

stress revealed the importance of Zn in imparting stress tolerance. The expression

analysis of Zn/Cu SOD has significantly supported the activated plant tolerance

mechanism during stress as a result of Zn treatments. Overall the study exposes the

promising effect of nano Zn fertilizers and its scope in improving the plants and the

human nutrition.



93

[NAPP-3]

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES

FOR EFFECTIVE ORAL DELIVERY OF CUCUMIN

Sowmya C1 and Lava Kumar V*2

1Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur-515721

2Sri Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Sree Sainath Nagar, Tirupati-517102

*Corresponding : [email protected]

Curcumin is a polyphenol obtained from the plant “Curcuma longa”. It is non-toxic and

proved effective as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-septic. More

recently Curcumin was investigated for anti-cancer property by its cell cycle regulation,

apoptosis, tumerogenesis and metastasic effects. Though it was proved as an effective

anticancer drug, it was not being administered by convenient oral routes as it has lower

oral bio-availability, since it is attributed for its lower solubility and poor dissolution.

The aim of the present investigation is to prepare curcumin nanoparticles with a vision

of increase in its solubility and dissolution further to increase its oral bioavailability. The

High pressure homogenization technique was adopted in the preparation of drug

nanoparticles using lipids. The drug and excipient compatibility were studied by FT-IR

studies. The size of obtained nanoparticles was ranging from 100 to 1000 nm and the

zetapotential was -20 to - 38 mVs . The SEM picture showed the developed nanoparticles

was spherical in shape with smooth surface. The results of in-vitro dissolution studies

reported the enhanced solubility and dissolution of drug Hence, preparation of

curcumin nanoparticles using lipids is a promising approach to enhance the dissolution

of poorly soluble drugs like curcumin.


94

[NAPP-4]

APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN

AGRICULTURE PRACTICES

Vinod Kumar P1 and Kishore Kumar Yadav N2

1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Utukuru,

2Project Officer, DWMA, Kadapa.


Nanotechnology has the potential of application in the food industry and processing as

new tools for pathogen detection, disease treatment delivery systems, food packaging

and delivery of bioactive compounds to target sites. Although nanofood is still in its

infancy; however, these particles are now finding application as a carrier of

antimicrobial polypeptides required against microbial deterioration of food quality in

the food industry. Another challenging area is nano-encapsulation of pesticides that

releases the pesticides within the stomach of the insect, thus minimizing contamination

of crops and vegetables. The current nanotechnology applications in food science

provide the detection of food pathogens, through nanosensors, which are quick,

sensitive and less labour-intensive procedures. With the increasing health consciousness

among consumers, it is possible to use nanosensors in plastic packaging to detect gases

released due to food spoilage. However, it is well known that the nanoparticles

equipped with new chemical and physical properties that vary from normal macro

particles of the same composition may interact with the living systems thereby causing

unexpected toxicity. Limited toxicological/safety assessments have been carried out for

a few nanoparticles; hence studies relevant to oral exposure risk assessment are required

for particles to be used in food.


95

[NAPP-5]

EFFECT OF TiO2 NANO PARTICLES ON SEED GERMINATION AND

GROWTH OF TOMATO

Bimal Das*, Priya B1, Debnath K, Satyanarayana NH, Sarkar KK and Mukherjee S

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252


Nanotechnology, the process to generate, manipulate, and deploy nanomaterials,

represents an area holding significant promise for the agricultural scenario. The present

experimental investigation demonstrates the effect of nano Anatase -TiO2 (<100nm size),

particles on the seed germination and growth of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedling

using local variety Patharkuchi. Tomato seeds were treated with different concentrations

of nanoscale TiO2 (10, 20, 30, 40, 50mg L-1) and the effect of this treatment was studied

on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics. The experiment was

conducted at laboratory and arranged on base on completely randomized design (CRD)

with 3 replications including 20 seeds in each replicates. The study was carried out in a

glass plate for 10 days of seedling growth. Application of nTiO2 significantly enhanced

the characteristics of seed germination and seedling growth for most of the treatment as

compared from the control. Based on biomass assay, it was found that the seedlings

displayed good growth over control, demonstrating a positive effect of the nanoparticle

treatment. Different concentration of nano particles showed good germination of seeds

and had no toxic effect on growth. Best performance was observed for germination

percentage in concentration 40 mg/lit and maximum roots and shoots growth in 50

mg/lit TiO2 concentration. Application of TiO2 stimulated a significant impact on the

seed germination potential and growth but it was found that the accumulation and

uptake of nanoparticles was dependent on the exposure concentrations. In particular,

the exposure of plants to nano materials and the impacts of such an exposure on plant

systems could open a new direction research on nanotechnology.


96

[NAPP-6]

IMPACT OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES ON GROWTH AND

METABOLISM OF MAIZE

Elanchezhian R, Dameshwar Kumar and Guhey A

Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabi Bagh, Bhopal, India

Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]

Nanomaterials have potential for improved nutrient utilization for enhanced plant growth.

The impact of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) on growth and metabolism of maize was studied

under hydroponic system using ZnO, CuO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Plant growth parameters

viz. plant height, root length, shoot biomass and root biomass were recorded in the

nanoparticle treated plants. Enhanced chlorophyll content and proline content of the plant

were observed with the application of nanaoparticles. The activity of antioxidant enzymes

viz. Super oxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POX) were recorded in

plants treated with NPs. It was observed that NPs doesn’t affect the root growth of maize up

to 45 DAS but shoot growth was variably influenced after 30 DAS. Taller plants with more

biomass were observed with CuO NP treatment but not with Fe3O4 NP treatment. SOD

activity was observed after 30 DAS and CAT & POX activity was observed after 45 DAS.

FeNP and ZnNP treated plants showed moderate of activities of SOD/ CAT and CuNP

treated plants showed moderate POX activity. This indicated that the nanoparticles may

induce anti-oxidant enzymes in the plants which may scavenge the reactive oxygen species

and thereby reduce the oxidative damage in the maize plant.


97

[NAPP-7]

NATURAL NANOPARTICLES IN SOME INSECTS

Harathi PNa, Snehasish Routraya, Shilpakala Va, Lalitha Kb

aDepartment of Entomology, bDepartment of Agronomy

S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati -517502.

Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]

Nanoparticles are small in size with more charge and larger surface area with higher

stability and solubility, so behave differently from their bulk sized counterparts.

Naturally, insects are potential rich sources of nanoparticles, which help them in

geomagnetic sensing, foraging, homing, orientation, increasing aerodynamic

efficiency etc. In case of Solenopsis substitute (Fabricius), an ant, they act as

geomagnetic sensors which are located in the head, thorax and abdomen. The

presence of ferric iron in the abdomen of Solenopsis invicta worker ants recognize

magnetic signals with the help of magnetite. Isolated nanoparticles of insects have

diameters of about 12 and 11 nm in abdomen with petiole and head with antennae,

respectively. It is also reported that some insects‟ behaviour is influenced by the

geomagnetic field due to the presence of biogenic magnetite in their body. Also,

ferromagnetic material (magnetic nanoparticles) has been detected in the abdomen

of Apis mellifera L., involved in magnetic reception. Honey bees use geomagnetic

field information for orientation, homing and foraging. Studies showed that

intracellular biomineralized magnetite could interact with the geomagnetic field

monitoring information on its intensity and direction. The ant Formica rufa L. uses

information from the geomagnetic field for orientation during the foraging process.

Studies reveal that magneto sensors are present in Pachycondyla marginata Roger, a

migratory and termitephagous ant, which hunts only the termite species

Neocapritermes opacus Hagen. Wings of butterflies possess bright colour components

in scales and these colour components are nothing but nanoparticles. In case of

silkworm, electrospun silk fibroin-based fibers with average diameter of 700 nm

were prepared from aqueous regenerated silkworm silk solutions. The electrospun

nanocomposite of silkworm silk helps in producing single wall carbon nanotubes

(SWNT) for drug delivery system. Numerous nanoparticles and their role in

physiology and behaviour of different insect species could be revealed using Nano-

Science.



98

[NAPP-8]

NANODEVICES FOR SCALING UP OF PRODUCTIVITY IN HORTICULTURE

Lalitha Kadiri1, Gopal K2, Mohan Kadiri3, Sadarunissa S1and Madhumathi C4

1Assistant Professor, 2Associate Dean, Horticulture College and Research Institute,

Anantharajupet, Scientist, RARS, Tirupati,

4 Senior Scientist & Head, HRS, Anantarajupet. Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University,

Anantharajupet, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh- 516105

(Email: [email protected])

Nanodevices such as nanocapsules, nanoparticles and nano containers etc. at a scale

ranging from 0.1 to 1,000 nm act as delivery systems to specific plant tissues for crops

fertilization and plant protection. A nanocapsule consists of a shell constituted by

different elements, such as polymers, lipids, viral capsids or nanoclays that contains an

active compound, like an agrochemical product. Shell protects the active compound

until it is released, but it can also improve the solubility and the entry of the compound

into the plant tissues. Based on the characteristics of the shell, the active compound may

be released slowly or completely after the shell opening is triggered under certain

situations (e.g. pH change or enzymatic degradation). Nanodevices can be used in

horticulture to deliver nutrients into plants tissues at slow release rates for the long-term

feeding of plants, and to protect macro and micronutrients (e.g. P, Fe, Mn, Zn) in

alkaline soils, to detect low level of pesticide residues and soil nutrients etc , for the

delivery of plant protection products, to deliver biostimulant compounds slowly

through nanocontainers according to the plant needs, while being protected from

microbial degradation before plant uptake. These pesticides may be time released or

released upon the occurrence of an environmental trigger (e.g., temperature, humidity,

light). Nanofertilizers have the opportunity to profoundly impact energy, the economy,

and the environment by reducing nitrogen loss due to leaching, emissions, and long-

term incorporation by soil microorganisms. It is unclear whether these pesticide

products will be commercially available in the short term. Finally, horticulture is not

only a field of application of different nanotechnological devices, but it can also be a

mean for the sustainable production of nanomaterials to be employed in horticulture or

other fields.


99

[NAPP-9]

CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS USING NANO PARTICLES- NOVEL

APPROACH

Hemasree E, Devaki K, Muralikrishna T, Ramakrishna Rao A,

Giridhara Krishna T

Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati – 517 502.


Nanotechnology is a promising field of interdisciplinary research. It opens up a wide

array of opportunities in various fields like insecticides, pharmaceuticals, electronics and

agriculture. The potential uses and applications of nanotechnology are enormous. These

include management of insect pests through the formulations of nanomaterials-based

insecticides. Traditional strategies like integrated pest management used in agriculture

are insufficient, and application of chemical pesticides have adverse effects on animals

and human beings apart from the decline in soil fauna and soil fertility. Therefore,

nanotechnology would provide green and efficient alternatives for the management of

insect pests in agriculture without harming the nature. Nanopesticides defined as any

formulation that intentionally includes elements in the nm size range claims novel

properties associated with these small size range, it would appear that some

nanopesticides have already been on the market for several years. Nanopesticides

encompass a great variety of products and cannot be considered as a single category.

Nanopesticides can consist of organic ingredients (e.g., a.i., polymers Lignin-

polyethylene glycol-ethylcellulose Polyethylene glycol) and/or inorganic ingredients

(e.g., metal oxides) in various forms (e.g., particles and micelles) and natural products

like garlic essential oils. In recent studies it is known that many insects possess

ferromagnetic materials in the head, thorax and abdomen, which act as geomagnetic

sensors. This nature can be utilized effectively for the development of nano based

pesticide or biorational products for the management of crop pests. Use of nano

particles in surveillance and control of pest and diseases understanding the mechanisms

of host parasitic interactions at molecular level development of new generation

pesticides. The wider applicability of nano pesticides i.e., nano particles coated with

polyethylene glycol that were coated with natural oil of garlic can be utilized in the field

of storage pest management against adult stage of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

and Rhizopertha dominica. Polyphagous pests like Spodoptera littoralis in various field

crops can also be effectively managed by using silica nanoparticles which affects feeding

and reproductive preference. These also offered inbuilt resistance in tomato plants

against S.littoralis


100

[NAPP-10]

APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT DISEASE

MANAGEMENT

Ranga Rani A, Khayum Ahammed S, Patibanda AK, Sarada Jayalakshmi

Devi R, Shaheda Nasreen S, Chandra sekhar Y, Sunil kumar Y

Department of Plant Pathology, S.V. Agricultural College,

Tirupati, ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh.


Plant pathologists are striving to develop a successful solution for protecting food

and agricultural products from bacteria, fungal and viral agents. Several

conventional and biological methods have been used for the control of these

pathogens and each of these methods has one or other limitations. Use of fungicides

cause hazardous effect on the environment and human health. Use of

nanotechnology provides a new solution to the problems in detection and plant

disease management. Fluorescent silica nanoprobes conjugated with the secondary

antibody of goat anti-rabbit IgG was used for detection of a bacterial plant pathogen

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (bacterial spot on solanaceous plants).

Application of silver in management of plant diseases with reference to two fungal

pathogens of cereals viz. Bipolaris sorokiniana (spot blotch of wheat) and Magnaporthe

grisea (rice blast). In vitro assays indicated that silver both in ionic and nanoparticle

forms inhibited colony growth of both the pathogens but M. grisea was

comparatively more sensitive to silver application. Antifungal effect of nano silver

colloids (average diameter of 1.5 nm) was studied against the powdery mildew

pathogen of rose caused by Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae. Nanosized silica-silver

particles were applied in field condition to control powdery mildew diseases of

cucurbits, 100% control was achieved after 3 weeks. These nanoparticles were found

to be phytotoxic only at a very high dose of 3200 ppm in cucumber and pansy plants.

Nanosized silica silver inhibited the growth and development of both Gram-positive

and Gram-negative bacteria. Nano-copper was reported to be highly effective in

controlling bacterial diseases viz. bacterial blight of rice (Xanthomonas oryzae

pv.oryzae) and leaf spot of mung (X. campestris pv. phaseoli).The antifungal activity of

zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were effective against

Alternaria alternate, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Mucor plumbeus.

Fungicidal activity of nano-hexaconazole and conventional hexaconazole against

isolates of Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated and revealed that nanohexaconazole was

about two times more effective as compared to commercial hexaconazole.These

nanoparticles were found to be phytotoxic only at a very high dose of 3200 ppm in

cucumber and pansy plants. So use of nanotechnology in plant disease management

will protect the crops from loss of yield due to damage caused by diseases.


101

[NAPP-11]

NANOPARTICLES AS SMART TREATMENT-DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN

PLANTS

Chandra Sekhar Y, Khayum Ahammed S, Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R, Prasad

TNVKV, Sunil Kumar Y, Ranga Rani A, Shaheda Nasreen S

Department of Plant Pathology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati-517 502.


The great potential of using nanodevices as delivery systems to specific targets in living

organisms was first explored for medical uses. In plants, the same principles can be

applied for a broad range of uses, in particular to tackle infections. Nanoparticles tagged

to agrochemicals or other substances could reduce the damage to other plant tissues and

the amount of chemicals released into the environment. To explore the benefits of

applying nanotechnology to agriculture, the first stage is to work out the correct

penetration and transport of the nanoparticles into plants. Mainly the research is aimed

to put forward a number of tools for the detection and analysis of core-shell magnetic

nanoparticles introduced into plants and to assess the use of such magnetic

nanoparticles for their concentration in selected plant tissues by magnetic field

gradients. Gene transfer by bombardment of DNA-absorbed gold particles has been

successfully used to generate transgenic plants in a species-independent manner. The

efficient delivery of DNA and chemicals through silica nanoparticles internalized in

plant cells, without the requirement of specialized equipment. The nanoparticles can be

charged with different substances, introduced within the plants and, if necessary,

concentrated into localized areas by using magnets. some of the examples are Delivering

DNA into Plant Cell by Gene Carriers of ZnS Nanoparticles in tobacco cells by means of

ultrasound-assisted method for production of transgenic plants. In human beings

Nanoparticle-mediated systemic delivery of siRNA for treatment of cancers and viral

infections.

102

[NAPP-12]

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND IT’S APPLICATIONS IN INSECT PEST

MANAGEMENT

Venkata Reddy LP and Hari Prasad KV

Department of Agricultural Entomology, S.V.Agricultural College,

Tirupati, AP- 517502.


Nanotechnology is a promising field of inter-disciplinary research working at nano (10-9

m) levels. It opens up a wide array of opportunities in various fields such as agriculture,

pharmaceuticals, electronics etc. Modern agriculture is encountered with various biotic

and abiotic constraints. Among the biotic constrains, insect pest causing damage to

crops at various stages poses a serious threat to food production. Sole reliance on

synthetic chemicals for combating insect pest menace has not only led to resistance and

resurgence problems but also poses serious health hazards as residues. Under these

circumstances, nano technology could play a vital role as a component of IPM in areas

such as „precision farming (controlled release formulation)‟, nano pesticides (low

quantities as against bulk pesticides) etc. This technology not only reduces amount of

pesticide usage, thus minimising the danger of human exposure but also helps in

minimizing environmental pollution which is inherent in application of pesticides in

bulk quantities. Some of the successful instances are; The fumigant toxicity of Nano-

encapsuled Essential Oil (NEO) against stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

where LC50 values were 11.24 ppm for NEO and 15.68 ppm for Pure Essential Oil (PEO)

for adult insects after 7 days of exposure time. Use of biodegradable nano particles for

the management of stored grain insects have been experimented by many workers with

promising results. The larvicidal effects of nano-silica against the larvae of Spodoptera

littoralis (Boisduval), have shown a mortality percentage of 64.18, 68.93 and 98.24 in the

250, 300 and 350 ppm concentrations respectively in comparison with control. The

miticidal activity of nanosulphur has been proved as superior than commercial sulphur

against red spider mite. In the field of biorationals, slow release Methyl eugenol

nanogels have been tested for efficient management of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

(Potential pest on number of fruits), over a longer period of time.


103

[NAPP-13]

NANOTECHNOLOGY-MONITORING QUALITY OF AGRICULTURAL

PRODUCTS

Shantha Kumari T

College of Horticulture & Research Institute. Anantharaj pet Rly. Kodur, Kadapa dist.

Nanotechnology is the creation and utilization of materials, devices and systems

through the control of properties and structure of matter at the nanometric level.

Nanotechnology is new and exciting field of research, in which recent advances in

nanotechnology are integrated into the biology team and in particular into molecular

biology and cell biology. Nature has been performing “nanotechnological facts” for

millions of years. Nanotechnology will leave no field untouched by its ground breaking

scientific innovations. The agricultural industry is no exception. Nanotechnology also

has applications in the agri food sector. Many vitamins and their precursors such as

carotenoids are insoluble in water. However, when formulated as nanopatticles, these

substances can be easily being mixed with cold water and their bio availability in human

body also increases. Many lemonades and fruit juices contain these specially formulated

additives, which often also provide an attractive colour. The world market potential of

such micronized components is estimated at $ 1 billion. In future bio and gas sensors

could gain importance. These sensors could be integrated into packing materials to

monitor the freshness of the food. Spoiling of the food could be indicated by a colour

change of the season. Bio surfaces are the new innovation of nano science technology

with a principle that surfaces are the environment and location on which most chemical

and biological interactions occurred. A bioselective surface has either an enhanced

ability to bind or hold specific organisms or molecules. With this bioselective surfaces

minute amount of chemicals and even presences of bacteria and viruses can be detected

with ease. These surfaces are important to the development of biosensors, detectors,

catalysts and the ability to separate or purify mixtures of bio molecules.

104

[NAPP-14]

NANOTECHNOLOGY- A BOON TO AGRICULTURE

Chamundeswari N*, Satyanarayana PV, Ravi Kumar BVNSR, Girija Rani M

Ranmana Rao PV and MohanVishnuvardhan K

APRRI & RARS, Maruteru

Nanotechnology is the concept of working with materials at a very small scale. To get an idea of just how small

this scale is, one nanometre is one-millionth of a millimetre, or half the width of a strand of DNA. At this scale,

the properties of materials change tremendously because of the large surface to volume ratio and changes in the

quantum mechanical behaviour of materials. The enormous surface area of nano-materials facilitates their

interaction with other substances, giving the nano-materials unique properties such as exceptional strength or

greater chemical activity. Researchers are exploring new applications for these unique properties, and the field of

nanotechnology is expanding rapidly, with applications in areas of medicine, electronics, engineering,

computers, energy, environment, plastics, Agriculture and food science etc. Although discoveries in these areas

may be of relevance for agriculture, there is also some direct interest in nanotechnology to aid agricultural

production. A few of them are Nano biotechnology offers a new set of tools to manipulate the genes using nano-

particles, nano-fibers and nano-capsules. Properly functionalized nano material serve as vehicles and could carry

a larger number of genes as well as substances able to trigger gene expression or to control the release of genetic

material throughout time in plants. Nanotechnology is heading towards taking the genetic engineering of

agriculture to the next level down atomic engineering. Atomic engineering could enable the DNA of seeds to be

rearranged in order to obtain different plant properties including colour, growth season and yield (Shweta

Agrawal and Pragya Rathore, 2014.). In mutation breeding instead of using physical mutagens like X ray, gamma

rays and chemical compounds like EMS and MMS for conventional induced mutations, nanotechnology has

shown a new dimension in mutation research. This technology involves drilling a nano sized hole through the

wall and the membrane of the rice cell inorder to insert a nitrogen atom, which stimulate the rearrangement of

DNA. The newly derived organisms are called atomically Modified organisms (AMOs). Fertilizers based on

nanotechnology have the potential to surpass conventional fertilizers, due to high surface area relative to the

amount of nanomaterials. In nanofertilizers, nutrients can be encapsulated by nano-materials, coated with a thin

protective film, delivered as emulsions or nano-particles. Nano-materials could even be used to control the

release of the fertilizer such that the nutrients are only taken up by the plant, and not lost to unintended targets

like soil, water, or microorganisms results in efficient nutrient use. Conventional methods to control the

pathogens and pests have affected both the environment and economy of farmers as 90% of the applied

pesticides are lost to the air during application and as run-off, affecting both the environment and application

costs to the farmer. Pesticides/ fungicides inside nanoparticles are being developed that can be timed-release or

have release linked to an environmental trigger (Nair et al. 2010). Use of nano-structured alumina (NSA) on two

insect pests common in the milling, food processing and storage of dry grains showed that NSA may provide a

cheap and reliable alternative to commercially available insecticidal dusts . In weed management also the

benefits of nano-application are similar: Less herbicide is required to achieve the weed reduction effects desired.

If the active ingredient is combined with a smart delivery system, herbicide will be applied only when necessary

according to the conditions present in the field. Adjuvants for herbicide applications are currently available that

claim to include nanomaterial. Nano-coating of seeds using elemental forms of Zn, Mn, Pa, Pt, Au, Ag will not

only protect seeds but reduces the requirement of elements to far less quantities than done today. The use of

quantum dots (QDs) technique, developed by Su et al. 2004, as a fluorescence marker coupled with immuno-

magnetic separation for E coli 0157:H7, proved useful to separate unviable and infected seeds. Early detection of

grain spoilage during storage is one of the applications of nano technology. Each insect produces a specific

chemical inside the grain bin. Similarly, if the grain is being infested with fungus, it produces different chemicals.

The particular sensor will identify which insect or fungus is causing the spoilage. Use of nanotechnology could

permit rapid advances in agricultural research but still, the full potential of nanotechnology in the agricultural is

yet to be realized and is gradually moving from theoretical knowledge towards the application regime.

105

[NAPP-15]

NANO-HERBICIDES NEW VISTAS OF WEED MANAGEMENT IN PRECISION

AGRICULTURE

Reddi Ramu Y and Sunitha N

Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupati – 517 502 (A.P.)

Annual worldwide losses due to weeds are estimated to comprise approximately 10-15% of attainable production among principal food crops. Worldwide consumption of herbicides represents 47.5% of the 2 million tons of pesticides consumed each year. However, the heavy use of herbicides has given rise to serious environmental and public health problems. It is therefore important to develop new herbicide formulations that are highly effective, safe (for the worker and for the environment), and that involve a low cost/production ratio. In this sense, Nano herbicides have become necessary in recent years, since they often increase herbicide efficacy at reduced doses. Hence development of formulations with special emphasis on controlled release formulations based on nano herbicides has become more relevant in recent years. Nanoherbicides are being developed to address the problems in perennial weed management and exhausting weed seed bank. Adjuvants for herbicide applications are currently available that claim to include nanomaterial. One nano-surfactant based on soybean micelles claims to make glyphosate-resistant crops susceptible to glyphosate when it is applied with the nanotechnology-derived surfactant. The Nano biosensors developed using PSII (photosystem II), known to bind several groups of herbicides, Systems of controlled liberation (SCL) represent an alternative to the conventional systems of herbicide application, where the active agent is available for a specific product to a speed and duration designed to achieve the intended effect. Molecular characterization of underground plant parts for a new target domain and developing a receptor based herbicide molecule h with specific binding property like carbon nanotubes are capable of killing the viable and dormant weed seeds in soil. Precision farming is one of the most important areas where tiny sensors and monitoring systems enabled by the nanotechnology will have a large impact on future precision farming methodologies. Developing a target specific herbicide molecule encapsulated with nano particle are aimed for specific receptor in the roots of target weeds, which enter into system and translocated to parts that inhibit glycalasis, which make the specific weed plant to starve for food and gets killed. Residual problems due to the application of atrazine herbicide pose a threat towards widespread use of herbicide and limit the choice of crops in rotation. Application of silver modified with nanoparticles of magnetite stabilized with Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) nanoparticles recorded 88% degradation ofe atrazine residue under controlled environment. Sulfonylurea (SU), imidazolinone (IMI),and sulfonamide (SA) herbicides are new classes of herbicides where the observed toxicity of SUs,IMIs, and SAs to crop varies by a factor of greater than 1,000. Some of these herbicides are active on crop species at low dosages. Field studies indicate that some yield is lost in the most sensitive crop species when these herbicides are applied or present at between1/100th and 1/500th of the typical application rate of 0.5 to 0.1 g (gram) active ingredient per ha. Technological innovation involving nano herbicides will open new vistas for modern weed management in compliance with the current requirements of environmental and human safety

106

[NAPP-16]

EFFECT OF NANO SIZED CALCIUM OXIDE ON CALCIUM UPTAKE, KERNEL

QUALITY AND YIELD IN GROUNDNUT CROP

Sujatha K, Latha P, Sudhakar P, Prasad T N V K V and Giridhara Krishna T

Institute of frontier technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station,

Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, A.P.

Calcium is one of the major macro nutrient involved in cell elongation, cell division and

plays a major role in maintenance of membrane integrity. The most critical element in

the production of groundnuts with sound mature kernels is calcium. Due to the

immobility of Ca2+ ions in phloem, calcium is applied as gypsum to groundnut plants

through soil. But under rainfed cultivation, application of gypsum at flowering is non-

adaptable. Hence, providing calcium to plants through foliar application is need of the

day. Any elemental nano scale amenable to change in properties especially surface area

which enhances biological activity. Calcium oxide at nano scale is presumed to acquire

changed properties including mobility in phloem. A field trial was conducted during

kharif 2010‟ in groundnut crop Var. Narayani. The crop was subjected to 5 treatments –

(Control, Gypsum control, Nano CaO @ 200ppm, Nano CaO @ 100ppm, Nano CaO @

50ppm). The uptake of calcium in different plant parts showed high calcium content in

stem (top and middile parts), root, pegs, and pods compared to Gypsum control.

Particularly nano calcium oxide @ 100ppm showed high uptake of calcium in pegs and

pods compared to other foliar spray treatments. The results revealed that, nano calcium

oxide @ 100 ppm treated plants recorded high yield 1512 kg/ha and showed 25 %

increase compared to gypsum control. The protein and oil % was high at all

concentrations of nano calcium oxide treatments compared to gypsum control. Results

of the study revealed that, calcium content increased in different plant parts in nano

calcium oxide sprayed treatment compared to gypsum. It draws an important

conclusion that, nano sized calcium oxide became mobile in phloem. However, it has to

be confirmed with further in house experiments.

107

[NAPP-17]

EVIDENCE BASED IMPACT OF NANO SCALE MICRONUTRIENTS ON

CROP GROWTH

Sudhakar P, Prasad TNVKV, Latha P, Giridhra Krishna T and Raja Reddy K

Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural research Station, Acharya N G Ranga

Agricultural University, Tirupati, A.P.

Nanoparticles are high energy cluster of atoms or molecules of 1 and 100 nm size, which could

act as excellent activation site and transmit energy to the surroundings either themselves or via

capping layer. The energy thus transmitted could be used for a number of biological applications.

Nanoparticles prepared from water insoluble materials are classically termed as true nanoparticles

whereas others are known as `nanosized materials’. All nanoparticles are nanosized materials but

all nanosized materials are not true nanoparticles. Nanaotechnology research was initiated in the

year 2006 at Regional Agricultural Research station, Tirupati mainly focussed on development of

nanaoscale micronutrients and their applicability for agricultural purposes. Effect of ZnO, FeO,

CaO was studied on seed germination, physiological, biochemical and yield components in

groundnut. Our group have shown that nano sized micronutrients are triggering various

physiological and enzymatic activities in plants. Nano CaO mobility was demonstrated in phloem

of groundnut through hydroponics .Evidence on modulated activity of antioxidant leaf pigments

Lutein and β -carotein due to nano FeO and photosynthetic rate due to nano ZnO spray and

superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in comparison with respective bulk nutrients

and control established. Nano sized micro nutrients have significant effects on crop growth and

yield, however, their positive and negative effects are dependent on size and shape of the

nanoparticles and their concentration treating the plants.

108

[NAPP-18]

EFFECT OF NANO BASED FERROUS OXIDE PARTICLES ON LUTEIN AND

β -CAROTENE CONTENTS IN GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

Latha P, Sujatha K, Sudhakar P, Prasad TNVKV and Giridhara Krishna T

Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural research Station, Acharya N G

Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, A.P.

Nano materials are third generation bio materials predicted to revolutionize biological

activity. Nano based nutrients owing to their smaller size (1-100 nm), there is every

possibility of breaking barriers to improve productivity and nutritional values.

Carotenoids are fat soluble pigments comprising of carotenes and xanthophylls (lutein,

β-carotene). Green leafy vegetables (GLV) are rich in lutein and β-carotene which offer

benefit to human health in general and in particular to eye health. Nano based iron

oxide was obtained from nano technology lab, Regional Agricultural Research Station,

Tirupati, A.P. Seeds of Rumex vesicarius L. (Bladder dock), Amaranthus tricolor L.

(Joseph‟s coat) were sown in pots (20cm x 40cm) comprising of five foliar treatments i.e.,

nano ferrous sulphate @ 200, 400 and 600 ppm and bulk ferrous sulphate (EDTA based)

@ 0.2 % and one unsprayed control. Lutein and ß-carotene were analysed using

reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that

when bulk ferrous sulphate and nano ferrous oxide were sprayed at different

concentrations, in Rumex vesicarius, nano based ferrous oxide particles at 200 ppm

concentration significantly improved the lutein and ß-carotene by 17.9 % and 28.8 %

respectively compared to bulk ferrous sulphate @ 0.2 %. Similar effect was recorded in

Amaranthus tricolor, nano based ferrous oxide particles at 200 ppm concentration

significantly improved the lutein and ß-carotene by 15.9 % and 27.3 % compared to bulk

ferrous sulphate @ 0.2 %. The study revealed that, nano particles are beneficial at low

concentration and phototoxic at higher concentrations like growth hormones and

judicious use of these particles benefit the plants.

109

[NAPP-19]

EFFECT OF NANO SCALE CAO ON MOBILITY, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND

BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN GROUNDNUT

(ARACHIS HYPOGEAE L.)”

Deepa M, Sudhakar P, Prasad TNVKV, Reddy KB, Nagamadhuri KV, Latha P

Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N G

Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, A.P.

Calcium plays a variety of structural roles in cells and also functions as a second

messenger in plant growth, development and adaptation to environment. Lack of

calcium uptake by griundnut results in “pops” or ill filled pods and darkened plumules

in the seed. These disorders are mostly caused by slow absorption and poor distribution

of Ca2+ after transport. Any element at nano scale amenable for change in property

specially increased surface area which enhances biological reactivity in plant cells.

Calcium at nano scale is presumed to acquire enhanced properties in a biological system

including its mobility. Hence, the present study was taken up with to investigate foliar

nutrition of CaO nano particles on physiological, biochemical attributes and yield

components in groundnut in comparison with field application of gypsum and foliar

nutrition of bulk calcium sources along with confirmation of nano CaO transport

through phloem tissue using solution culture technique. Nano sized CaO ( 69.9nm) with

negative zeta potential of -28.2 mV and 90o of scattering angle was obtained from

nanotechnology lab, Institute of Frontier technology, RARS, Tiruapti. Results of

hydroponics experiment revealed that nano based CaO spray at 500 ppm evidenced

entry of calcium into leaves and stems through phloem compared to bulk source of

calcium sprayed. Results from field study indicates that, nano scale CaO of 500ppm

recorded superior growth, physiological, biochemical, yield and quality parameters

compared to control, gypsum, CaNO3 and bulk CaO. Hence established that, nano based

calcium oxide showed mobility in phloem when it was sprayed on leaves and triggered

several positive physiological effects in groundnut plants specially at 500ppm foliar

spray imposed at 35DAS. Foliar spraying of nano CaO (69.9nm) @ 500ppm can be

recommended in groundnut instead of soil application of gypsum specially under

rainfed conditions.

110

[NAPP-20]

EFFECT OF NANO-FERTILIZERS FOR BALANCED CROP NUTRITION

Nagarjuna V1, Naidu MVS2, Srinivasalu DV3

Department of Soil Science, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, ANGRAU.


Agricultural scientists are facing a wide spectrum of challenges such as stagnation in

crop yields, low nutrient use efficiency, declining soil organic matter, multi-nutrient

deficiencies, climate change, shrinking arable land and water availability and shortage

of labour besides exodus of people from farming. In spite of immense constraints faced,

we need to attain a sustainable growth in agriculture at the rate of 4% to meet the food

security challenges. To address these problems, there is a need to explore one of the

frontier technologies such as „Nanotechnology‟ to precisely detect and deliver the

correct quantity of nutrients and pesticides that promote productivity while ensuring

environmental safety and higher use efficiency. In the past few decades, use efficiencies

of N, P and K fertilizers have remained constant as 30-35%, 18-20% and 35-40%,

respectively, leaving a major portion of added fertilizers to accumulate in the soil or

enter into aquatic system causing eutrophication. Fertilizers encapsulated in

nanoparticles will increase the uptake of nutrients. In the next generation of

nanofertilizers, the release of the nutrients can be triggered by an environmental

condition or simply released at desired specific time.


111

[NAPP-21]

NANO ZINC OXIDEFORMULATIONS Vs. CONVENTIONAL Zn CARRIERS

ON GROWTH PARAMETERS OF MAIZE

Chaitra SP , Vakada Manasa , Hebsur NS, Hebbara M and Nargund VB

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad,Karnataka-580005.


Nanoparticles beingsmaller in size and having large surface area are expected to be

the ideal forms for use as a Zn fertilizer in plants. The efficacy of conventional zinc

fertilizers is low. Nano fertilizers with controlled release and higher efficiency found

to be better for achieving higher yields. The present study was taken to evaluate the

comparative performance of Nano Zinc oxide formulations v/s conventional Zn

carriers on growth parameters of maize variety (900-M-Gold).The pot culture

experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design ,with eleven

treatments and four replications ,where Nano ZnO foliar sprays applied at different

concentrations of (100,250,500,750,1000,1250 and 1500ppm) against control and

conventional zinc sulphate. The growth parameters like plant height, Number of

leaves, chlorophyll content and dry matter production were significantly increased

in case of Nano ZnO sprayed plants over control and conventional zinc sulphate.


112

[NAPP-22]

EFFECT OF NANO PARTICLES ON GROWTH OF PULSES

Swarnalatha V1, Sukumar K2, Hemalatha V3, Prasanth Y4, Kumar G5,

Mohan das D6 and Praveen Kumar Y7

1Scientist (Pl.Br.),Maize Research Centre, ARI,Hyderabad

2 Scientist (Pl.Br), AICRP on Soybean, ARS, Adilabad [email protected]

3Associate Professor, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad

4Scientist (Pl.Br), ARS, Adilabad

5Senior Research Fellow, ARS,Adilabad

6Scientist (Agro), ARS, Adilabad

7 Programme Coordinator, KVK, Adilabad

Population is growing at an alarming rate but the cultivable land has been limiting day

by day. However, pulses are grown mostly under rain fed conditions. Hence, utility of

nano-ZnO, nano-FeO and nano-Zn CuFe-oxide particles found positive effect on growth

of the pulses. In mung bean seedlings recorded vigorous growth when treated with

nano-ZnCuFe-Oxide followed by nano-FeO and nano-ZnO. Root and shoot length and

also biomass accumulation was found high over the control when treated with the nano

particles. Hence, there is an urgent need to utilize the technology to improve the pulse

production to meet the food demand.


113

[NAPP-23]

NANO PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINAL AND

AROMATIC PLANTS

Kaladhar babu K1, Rohini G, Sukumar K2, Udaya Bhanu K3, Kumar G*, Prasanth

Y**, Pedababu B4 and Raghu B5

1College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 2 (Pl.Br), AICRP on Soybean, ARS,

Adilabad, 3Senior Research Fellow,IIMR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, *ARS, Adilabad, **

( Pl.Br ), ARS, Adilabad, 4 College of Horticulture, Mojerla, 5 Seed officer, Nizamabad


Nanotechnology is one of the fastest developmental, the most potential and the far-

reaching high and new technologies in current world, and it greatly promotes the

development of biological medicine and bioavailability enhancement of herbal drugs.

With the application of nanotechnology of nanomization of herbal drugs, it will make

the development of nano herbal medicine possess high bioavaibility which consequently

will open the new era of herbal drug discovery. It‟s pointed out that breakthrough will

be achieved from the research of the nanomization of herbal phytochemicals like-

nanocurcumin, nanopiperine, nanoberberine etc. Herbal nanotechnology helps

incorporation of the active phytoconstituents to obtain desired therapeutic effect. The

increased solubility, stability, bioavailabity, pharmacological activity of many popular

herbal extracts including Milk thistle, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, green tea, hawthorn,

ginseng using nano dosage forms such as polymeric nanoparticles nanospheres and

nanocapsules, liposomes, proliposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsion has

been reported. Other advantage of herbal nanomedicine include protection from

toxicity, improving tissue macrophages distribution, sustained delivery, protection from

physical and chemical degradation. Bhasma are the ayurvedic metallic preparations in

which metal act as a nanocarrier for drug delivery and are widely recommended for

treatment of a variety of chronic ailments and are taken along with milk, butter, honey,

or ghee to eliminate the harmful effects of metals and enhancing their biocompatibility

in the body.

114

[NAPP-24]

SYNTHESIS OF NANO SCALE ZINC OXIDE AND ITS EFFECT ON

GERMINATION OF PADDY

Naga Madhuri KV, Reddy PVRM , Latha P, Prasad TNVKV, Sudhakar P, and

Giridhara Krishna T

Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional

Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati

The zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by wet chemical method using zinc

nitrate and sodium hydroxides precursors and soluble starch as stabilizing agent. The

particle size of the synthesized Zinc Oxide was analyzed using particle size analyzer and

found to be 77.5 nm. The Zinc oxide particles were characterized by using UV-Vis

spectrophotometer where the maximum peak was obtained at a wave length of 260nm.

These nano scale Zinc Oxide particles were used to fix the optimum dose for paddy crop

through germination test. The germination test was carried out at different

concentrations ranging between 0 to 2000ppm against bulk Zinc Sulphate. At the

concentration of 750 ppm highest germination percent of 92 was observed and other

characters like shoot length, root length were studied. From the study, nano zinc oxide

@ 750 ppm can be fixed as optimum for paddy crop without any toxic effects on crop.

115

[SAOP-1]

FUTURE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF SUGARCANE AS

AN ENERGY CROP

Rana DP Singh1*, Abhishek Kumar Singh1, Singh RK2, Singh J2, Tripathi RD3,

Raj SK3, Jagdish Prasad1 and Upendra K Singh1

1Sugarcane Research Station, Gorakhpur- 273008, Uttar Pradesh, India

2Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow- 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India

3National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow- 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India

*Corresponding author Email: [email protected]

Sugarcane crop sustains the second largest organized agro-industry (sugar industry)

which has more than 450 factories in operations in India. The average cane yield in

tropical zone is 80 t/ha where in subtropical is 58 t/ha. An increasing number of plant

scientists, including breeders, agronomists, physiologists and molecular biologists are

working towards the development of new and improved energy crops. Research is

increasingly focused on how to design crops specifically for bioenergy production and

increased biomass generation for biofuel purposes out of various usage (Sugar, Gur,

Khandsari, Molasses, Pressmud etc.) sugarcane is being used for alcohol, methanol and

some part of bagasse as co-generation of electricity. The most important biofuel to date

is bio-ethanol produced from sugars (sucrose and starch) and as per an estimate from

one ton of sugarcane about 70-90 litres of ethanol can be produced. There is a need to

explore the possibility to use the sugarcane as bioenergy (ethanol and co-generation and

other products) and if a crop is to be used for bioenergy production, the crop should be

high yielding, fast growing and requiring relatively small energy inputs for its growth

and harvest. Obtaining high yields in nonprime agricultural land is a key for energy

crop development to allow sustainability and avoid competition with food production.

Efforts should be made to produce more biomass having more available juice and fibre

content in sugarcane varieties and use the more efficient economic agronomic practices

for the area in which sugarcane is being grown. There is much scope to increase in the

productivity of sugarcane in different states depending upon the facility available,

climatic conditions etc. Area under sugarcane can be increased by adapting suitable

intercrops, while yield through adopting improved technologies, assured irrigation and

proper harvest scheduling. Thus by reducing the gap between potential yield and

average yield of cane, the production of sugarcane can be increased significantly which

may provide us sugar security as well as bioenergy security in future.

116

[SAOP-2]

EVALUATION OF DIVERSE PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN L. MILLSP.)

GERMPLASM LINES FOR HIGH PHOSPHOROUS UPTAKE THROUGH

ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY

Manikanta S1*, Aftab Hussain2

1Department of Crop physiology, University of Agricultural sciences, GKVK campus,

Bangalore-560065

2Department of Crop physiology, University of Agricultural sciences, GKVK campus,

Bangalore-560065


Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plants. Plants take up P as phosphate

(Pi) from the soil solution. Out of total P ,Organic P comprises 30–80 % in most

agricultural soils. It has been proven that Acid phosphatase facilitates P uptake from an

organic P source . In this study, diverse pigeonpea germplasm lines were taken and acid

phosphatase excreted from pigeonpea roots is quantified and the contribution of acid

phosphatase to the facilitation of P uptake is done to identify the germplasm line with

higher P uptake. In the first experiment 120 germplasm lines of pigeonpea were grown

in normal conditions and harvested at 45days for acid phosphatase activity, based on

the activity, some contrastings were selected. The selected lines are sowed for

reconformation, in these lines growth parameters and activity will be checked again and

contrasts will be selected. Based on this experiment the contrasts selected will be grown

under organic and inorganic phosphorous condition and identified best performing

germplasm lines by estimating acid phosphatase acitivity and P uptake in the second

experiment. In the third experiment the identified gemplasm lines were checked for

gene expression.

117

[SAOP-3]

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR ENHANCING THE YIELD IN MAIZE UNDER

WATER STRESS CONDITIONS

Govind Narayan*, Singh HC and Khan MA

Email- [email protected]

C.S. Azad university of Ag. & Technology, Kanpur (India) 208002.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal in India after wheat and rice. In addition to staple food for human being and quality feed for animals, maize serves as a basic raw material to various industries and more recently for bio-fuel. The present study was under taken to search a suitable procedure for selection of physiologically efficient maize genotype based on genetic variability for growth, yield and physiological components under water stress condition. The experimental material consisting twenty-one maize hybrids sowed during kharif 2012 at Oil Seeds Research Farm, Kalyanpur, Kanpur. Each genotype was sown in two rows each of 4 meter long spaced at 60x25 cm between rows and plants respectively in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The observations were recorded on plant height at (30 DAS, 60 DAS and maturity), total leaf area cm2 at (30 and 60 DAS), RGR at (60 DAS and maturity), NAR at (60 and 90 DAS), RWC at (30 and 60 DAS), Harvest index and yield. The results showed high heritability in broad sense coupled with high genetic advance for all the characters except NAR at 60 and 90 DAS for genetic advance. An advancement of 1150 cm2 in leaf area at 60 DAS followed by 154cm2 for its 30 DAS stage was observed from single cycle of selection at K=2.06. The probable genetic gain was high for NAR at 90 DAS. On the basis of the results obtained it can be concluded that NAR and Leaf area at various stages can be considered as selection criteria while making selection for yield improvement in queen of the crop under water stress condition.


118

[SAOP-4]

SURVEY AND PREVALENCE OF ASPERISPORIUM CARICAE, INCITANT

OF BLACK LEAF SPOT OF PAPAYA AND EVALUATION OF CERTAIN

NEW FUNGICIDAL

Reddi Kumar M, Giridhara Krishna T and Raja Reddy K

Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural

Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati-517502.

Chittoor (Dt), Andhrapradesh, India.


A roving survey was conducted in western mandals of Chittoor district for the incidence

of black leaf spot of papaya caused by Asperisporium caricae. Formation of black

pustules on the abaxial surface of the leaf are characteristic of this disease. The

symptoms are scattered small spots, visible on both leaf surfaces. On the upper surface,

the lesions are rounded or somewhat angular, 2-5 mm in diameter, pale yellow, with

dark margins. Later the lesions become necrotic and whitish. On the lower surface, the

lesions are covered with masses of fungal spores which appear as dark dots. The

pustules can cover the whole lesion. The disease is more intense on the lower leaves.

Sometimes the leaf lesions can cover an extensive area, causing yellowish and premature

drop. The pustules also occur on fruit. Conidiophores closely packed together and

covering the surface of the stroma, usually unbranched, hyaline to olivaceous brown,

with several prominent conidial scars at the apex. Conidia solitary, ellipsoidal, pyriform

or clavate, 1-septate, hyaline to mid pale brown, verrucose, 14–26 x 7–10 µm in diam.

Among the fungicides tested, combi product Hexaconazole+ Zineb had shown 100%

inhibition at 100 ppm under in vitro conditions.


119

[SAOP-5]

YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN SWEET SORGHUM AS

INFLUENCED BY MAJOR NUTRIENTS

GANGA DEVI M, SRIDHAR V, Munidra Naidu SM and Naidu MVS

Dept. of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College,

Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, India


A study on “Yield and nutrient uptake in sweet sorghum as influenced by major

nutrients” was conducted at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. The experiment was

laid out in a split – split plot design and replicated thrice on sandy clay loam soils of dry

land. The treatments consisted of three genotypes viz., SPV-422 (V1), ICSV-700 (V2) and

Madhura hybrid (V3) assigned to main plots, four fertilizers levels viz., 60-40-40 (F1), 80-

60-60 (F2), 100-80-80 (F3) and 120-100-100 (F4) Kgha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O allotted to sub

plots during Kharif season. The combination of V1F3 resulted in maximum uptake of

96.17 Kgha-1 N, 19.67 Kgha-1 P2O5 and 97.27 Kgha-1 K2O respectively. The interaction

effects between varieties and fertilizers levels were found to be significant in case of dry

matter production (132.77 g/plant) at 90 DAS with V1F4. Stripped stalk yield (52.60

t/ha), grain yield (827kg/ha) at 90 DAS harvest with V1 F3. Significantly highest BC ratio

(3.12) was recorded with V1F3. The variety SPV 422 coupled with 100-80-80 Kgha-1 of N,

P2O5 and K2O recommended for higher stalk and grain yields and better economics in

sweet sorghum.


120

[SAOP-6]

DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM SUPPLYING POWER OF RICE

GROWING SOILS OF KURNOOL DISTRICT, A.P BY NEUBAUER’S

SEEDLING METHOD

Siva Prasad PN*1, Kavitha P2, Sreenivasa Chari M3 and Srinivasa Reddy M4

Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,

1,2,4Agricultural college, Mahanandi, 3ARS, Utukur, Kadapa, ANGRAU, A.P.


Neubauer‟s seedling experiment was carried out for determining the Potassium

supplying power of thirty rice growing soils, of which fourteen are black soils, eleven

are red soils, five are mixed red soils covering eleven mandals of canal ayacut area of

Kurnool district. In this experimental study Bajra is the test crop. 100 gms of 2 mm

sieved soil was mixed with 50 gms of nutrient free quartz sand in a plastic pot of 6.5 cm

depth and 12 cm diameter. Over this, 150 gms of quartz sand was spread uniformly and

a slight compaction was made using a glass rod. 100 seedlings of bajra were made to

feed exhaustively on 100 grams of soil mixed with 200 grams of quartz sand for 23 days

in plastic dishes. The dry matter produced by bajra seedlings after 23 days was

recorded. The mean dry matter yields of root, shoot and whole plants is 0.303, 0.427,

0.730 g per 100 g of soil. The mean potassium contents of the root and shoot was 0.576

and 1.543 per cent. The mean dry matter yield and potassium content was more in shoot

than root. The mean potassium uptake by root, shoot and whole plant were 20.02, 85.64

and 105.66 mg kg-1 respectively. The total K uptake by bajra seedlings from soil was

calculated from which the blank value was deducted to obtain the “root-soluble” K in

soil. These values are designated as the Neubauer numbers, expressed as mg kg-1 of air-

dry soil. The Neubauer limit value for bajra and rice is 95 & 100 mg per kg of air dry soil

by Venkata subbaiah et al. (1976) and the soils which are having less value than the

above is being considered to have poor K supplying capacity. Among the studied black,

mixed red and red soils the Neubauer number values are 124.1, 107.03, and 81.5 mg kg-1.

It was observed that the black soils are having more capacity to supply K than the mixed

red and red soils.


121

[SAOP-7]

ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS

IN GREENGRAM [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Narasimhulu R, Naidu NV, Reddy KHP, Rajan CPD and Mohan Naidu G

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding

S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

An investigation in greengram was carried out subjecting twenty crosses along with

nine parents MGG-295, MGG-351, WGG-42, LGG-460, TM-96-2, WGG-37, PM-112,

PM-115 and PM-110 to get the information on nature of association between yield

and yield attributing traits at Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati

during kharif 2013. The parents and crosses exhibited significant variation among

themselves for all the fifteen characters studied. Association studies revealed that

selection based on number of pods/plant, plant height and dry weight/plant in both

parents and crosses would be rewarding. In addition to above mentioned traits,

number of branches/plant, clusters/plant and pods/clusters in crosses will be

effective on improving seed yield as they exhibited significant positive correlation

with seed yield/plant. Path analysis revealed high positive direct influence of dry

weight/plant and harvest index on seed yield both in parents and crosses. Hence,

selection for dry weight/plant, harvest index, pods/plant, plant height,

branches/plant, clusters/plant and pods/clusters could be considered while

constructing selection indices for selecting desirable genotypes.

122

[SAOP-8]

EVALUATION OF MEDIUM DURATION PEARL MILLET HYBRIDS FOR

ECONOMIC TRAITS

Madhavilatha L and Subba Rao M

Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle, Tirupati - 517505, ANGRAU,

Andhra Pradesh


Pearl millet is a major food grain crop after rice, wheat and maize crops. Recently the

productivity level in this crop was hiked due to the adoption of high yielding hybrids.

Evaluation of pearl millet hybrids, which were developed throughout India, will result

in identification of high yielding hybrids suitable for different zones. Hence the study

was conducted with twenty two newly developed medium duration pearl millet hybrids

developed from various centers in India along with three checks in coordinated trial at

Agricultural research station, Perumallapalle during Kharif 2013. Data on mean

performance of the hybrids along with checks for population count at harvest, days to

maturity, plant height (cm), productive tillers per plant and grain yield (q/ha) was

recorded. The maturity duration for the hybrids was ranged from 80 days to 104 days.

Plant height was ranged from 117 cm (Mahabeej 1203) to 163 cm (KBH 2191). Highest

population count was recorded in Mahabeej 1203 hybrid (142 plants per plot) followed

by the check entry GHB 744 (135 plants per plot). More number of productive tillers was

observed in RHB 220 (2.2). Among the tested entries, GHB 1025 (25.45 q/ha), GHB 1022

(20.78 q/ha) and RVSBH 22 (19.0 q/ha) recorded significantly higher grain yields than

high yielded check RHB 173 (18.01 q/ha).


123

[SAOP-9]

EVALUATION OF THE EARLY CLONES FOR CANE YIELD AND JUICE

QUALITY PARAMETERS IN PLANT AND RATOON CROPS OF

SOUTHERN ZONE, A.P

Sabitha N, Hemanth Kumar M, Subba Rao M, Sarala NV, Vajantha B, and

Hemalatha T

ARS, Perumallapalle, ANGRAU- 517 505

Sugarcane (Saccharum sps hybrids) is an important agro-indusrial crop earning high

returns to the farmers. Regardless of vast development and huge expansion in

sugarcane crop research low productivity is being experienced now-a days. To

overcome this current situation cultivation of improved sugarcane clones is one of the

best remedies. The present investigation was taken up to identify suitable sugarcane

clones under early maturity group for the southern zone of Andhra Pradesh. The

performance of ten early maturing test clones were assessed for cane yield, its

components and juice quality parameters in the first plant crop during the year 2010-11,

second plant crop and Ratoon crop during the year 2011-12. The experiments were

conducted at Agriculture Research Station, Perumallapalle, Chittoor(dt). Ten sugarcane

clones of early maturity group were tested and evaluated during this period against

three standards Co 94008, Co 85004 and Co 6907. The clones, 2006T3 and 2006T36 have

recorded significantly superior cane yield, CCS yield & juice quality traits viz, sucrose

%, CCS % and purity % among all the other clones against the early standards Co

94008, Co 85004 and Co 6907 in the first and second plant crops. In the ratoon crop also

2006T3 and 2006T36 clones were observed significantly superior in the cane and sugar

yields against their respective checks. Thus, it was concluded that 2006T3 and 2006T36

clones can be further recommended for testing in the farmer‟s field.

124

[SAOP-10]

SOIL FERTILITY STATUS, YIELD, QUALITY OF SUGARCANE AND JAGGERY

AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Vajantha B, Sarala NV, Hemanth Kumar M and Subba Rao M

Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle

Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh

Boosting yield, reducing production cost and improving soil health are three interlinked

components of sustainable triangle. Intensive cultivation, growing of exhaustive crops,

use of unbalanced and inadequate fertilizers accompanied by restricted use of organic

manures and have made the soils not only deficient in nutrients but also deteriorated

soil health resulting in declining crop response to recommended dose of fertilizers.

Hence, the field experiment was conducted during 2013-14 to study the effect of organic

manures and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of sugarcane and jaggery and soil

fertility status after harvest at Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle, ANGRAU.

The experiment consisted of two treatments i.e. organic and inorganic treatments. FYM

and vermi compost were applied to organic treated plot based on N equivalent and

recommended dose of fertilizers (224:112:112 kg NPK ha-1) were applied to inorganic

treated plot. Yield and juice quality parameters were recorded after harvest. Soil

samples were collected to determine available nutrient status at harvest. Results

revealed that inorganic treated plot recorded higher cane yield (101 t ha-1), cane girth

(2.63 cm), CCS% (12.87%) and CCS yield (12.86 t ha-1) compared with organic treated

plot (94.5 t ha-1 of cane yield, 2.51 cm of cane girth, 12.42% of CCS). Cane length (240 cm)

and sucrose (16.46%) were higher with application of organic manures than inorganic

treated plot. Highest jaggery yield (11.46 t ha-1) was recorded with inorganic treated plot

than organic plot (10.03 t ha-1). However less reducing sugars (4.87%), good colour

intensity and high spindle brix were recorded with application of organic manures.

Regarding to soil properties available N was significantly higher with organic treated

plot (254 kg ha-1) than inorganic plot (248 kg ha-1). Available P, K and OC% were also

higher in organic treated plot than inorganic treated plot.

125

[SAOP-11]

GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDIES FOR YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL

TRAITS IN BAJRA

Ravi S1*, Subba Rao M2, Reddi sekhar M1, Sudhakar P3 and Madhavi latha L2

1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V.Agricultural College,


2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ARS, Perumallapalle, Tirupati, AP- 517502.

3Department of Crop Physiology, RARS, IFT, Tirupati, AP- 517502.


Genetic divergence analysis is a powerful tool in quantifying the degree of divergence

between biological populations and to assess the relative contribution of different

components of total divergence. The present investigation aimed to study the genetic

divergence and clustering pattern of 76 pearl millet genotypes for selection of suitable

parents that can be utilized in hybridization programme. The analysis of data revealed

significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Based on the genetic

distance (D2 value), the 76 accessions were grouped into 12 clusters. Of them, cluster I

with 38 genotypes forms the largest followed by cluster II and III with 13 in each. The

character relative injury contributed the maximum to the divergence. Based on the

average inter-cluster distance (D), the clusters VI and XI followed by XI and XII were

found to be highly divergent from the other clusters. Selection of parents from these

clusters and crossing them in a breeding programme is advocated to develop male

sterility based heterotic single cross hybrid (A×R) combinations. Maximum diversity

was observed between 65 R (VI) vs. (XI) followed by 80 R (XI) vs. 1 B (XII).


126

[SAOP-12]

PROTEIN NETWORK ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY COMMON DRUG TARGETS

AGAINST BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT AND BACTERIAL LEAF STREAK

PATHOGENS OF RICE

Hemanth Kumar M1, Umamaheswari A2, Sivakrishna V2 and Sudheer Kumar K2

1Institute of Frontier Technologies, RARS, ANGRAU, Tirupati,

2Department of Bioinformatics, SVIMS, Tirupati.


Rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) is one of the important staple food crops in India fulfilling 43% of

the caloric requirement of Indian population. An improvement in the production from

105.3 mt to 140 mt strengthens the country‟s food grains security by 2025. This target is

challenged by various abiotic and biotic factors. Of the many causes for low

productivity, biotic factors contribute more and make rice cultivation difficult. Among

the biotic factors bacterial diseases are difficult to control. The two most important

bacterial diseases are bacterial leaf blight and bacterial streak caused by Xanthomonas

oryzae pathovars oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars oryzicola(Xoc),

respectively. Xoo and Xoc collectively cause crop losses up to 50%. Control methods that

are in vogue are not effective and are not practiced. Many researchers have focused on a

single strain of one pathogen to develop control measures. Presence of different strains

of the pathogens makes the control complicated. However availability of genomes of the

pathogens and host along with bioinformatics tools opens a possibility of developing a

common bactericide to combat the devastating effects of many strains of more than one

related pathogens. Genome sequences of nine strains of Xoo and Xoc were retrieved

from NCBI. Among them the genomes of four strains were completely sequenced. Pv.

oryzae KACC 10331 is prevalent in Asiatic countries and was used as reference

organism. The strains; KACC 10331, MAFF 311018, PXO 99 A and BLS 256 genomes

were compared to find 4115 common genes. Analysis of 4115 common proteins using

Database of Essential Genes revealed that 1748 genes were essential for survival of

Xanthomonas oryzae. 1012 essential genes were non-homologous to Oryza sativa therefore

could be considered as common potential drug targets. 51common drug targets were

very unique to the pathogens and were further analyzed for domain search and network

analysis. Protein network analysis of the identified drug targets was performed using

STRING database which includes more than 1100 completely sequenced organisms. The

analysis showed that 51 proposed drug targets showed interactions with the high

confidence scores of 0.900 and with low confidence interactions. Hence, the 51 pathogen-

specific essential proteins important in the metabolic network were regarded as

potential drug targets. These drug targets would be intriguing starting point for rational

drug design against bacterial leaf blight and bacterial streak diseases in rice.


127

[SAOP-13]

STUDIES ON COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS FOR YIELD AND ITS

COMPONENTS IN GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.)

Trivikrama Reddy A and Reddisekhar M

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V.Agricultural College,

Tirupati - 517 502, A.P.

A diallel cross involving six parental lines and their 15 F1 crosses (without reciprocals)

were evaluated for combining ability effects of 13 characters in Groundnut. Variances

due to sca were greater than that of gca indicating predominance of non-additive gene

action control on all the traits except days to maturity and plant height. The parents

TCGS-29 and K-134 were found to be good general combiners for kernel yield, pod

yield, mature pods per plant and 100 kernel weight while the parent K-1238 was found

to be good general combiner for shelling percentage, harvest index and percent pod set

and Faizapur local for pegs per plant and pods per plant. Further the most heterotic

crosses identified in the study, involved either one or both good general combiners. Four

heterotic crosses K-134 x TCGS-29, TCGS-29 x K-1238, K-134 x K-1238 and TPT-4 x Local

Red were found to be good specific combiners for kernel yield, pod yield, mature pods

per plant, pods per plant, pegs per plant, shelling percentage, 100 kernel weight, harvest

index, percent pod set and primary branches per plant. The cross combination TPT-4 x

Faizapur Local was earlier to flower and mature with good sca effects. An attempt of

intermating of selects in the advance generations of these five crosses is suggested to

obtain transgressive segregants for pod and kernel yield in groundnut.

128

[SAOP-14]

SEQUENCE DIVERSITY OF MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC INDIA VIRUS

INFECTING BLACKGRAM IN ANDHRA PRADESH .

Bhaskara Reddy BV*, Obaiah S, Prasanthi L, Shareef M, Saradha Jayalakshmi R

Genomics Lab, Institute of Frontier Technology,

Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati-517502.


Blackgram ((Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is one of the major pulse crop in different parts of

India The disease is caused by a Yellow mosaic virus (YMV) of the genus Begomovirus and

family Geminiviridae. The virus is transmitted by whitefly vector (Bamisia tabaci). The

virus infect major leguminous crops like blackgram, greengram, frenchbean,

pigeonpea and soybean causing an annual yield loss of about US $ 300 millions. The

viral genome consists of bipartite, two single stranded covalently closed circular DNA

molecules. The DNA-A contains coat protein gene and other products involved in

replication and gene expression of virus. The DNA-B component encodes two genes

(BC1, BV1) which are involved in intra- and intercellular movement of the virus. The

two components have a highly conserved intergenic common region (CR) containing

stem loop structure with loop containing the invariant nonanucleotide motif

(TAATATTC) that marks the origin of virion-strand DNA replication.Total DNA was

isolated from YMV infected blackgram samples and amplified by rolling circle

amplification (RCA) using Phi29 DNA polymerase. The RCA products were digested

with Bam HI, HindIII and EcoRI , gel eluted 2.7Kb fragments and cloned into pUC18.

The full length positive clones were sequenced, assembled and deposited in GenBank

(JX110618, KF928962, KF947526). Sequence analysis of Hind III clone shows >95%

homology with Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) DNA-A segment and

<81% homology with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV). The total length of

MYMIV DNA-A sequence was determines as 2746bp and encodes 2ORFs(AV1, AV2) on

sense strand and 5ORFs on antisense strand (AC1,AC2,AC3,AC4,AC5). The common

region (CR) was identified by pairwise alignment of non-coding regions between ORFs

AC1/AC2 in MYMIV DNA-A. The Rep binding iteron in the CR was predicted as to be

GGTGT and occurs as invert repeat followed by tandem repeat before the TATA box in

DNA-A. Sequence analysis of BamH and HindIII clones shows 93-95% nucleotide

identity with MYMV DNA-B segment and <90% with MYMIV. The above data reveals

that YMV in AP is caused by two species of begomoviruses and probably utilise DNA-A

of MYMIV and DNA-B of MYMV to cause infection. The DNA-B of MYMIV was not

yet detected in AP. The CR region of MYMIV clone has >95% homology with MYMIV

and <66% with MYMV. The CR region of MYMV DNA-B clones has 100% homology

with MYMIV and 86-95% with MYMV indicating that there is recombination taking

place in CR region of MYMV DNA-B clones.


129

[SAOP-15]

INHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES

IN MAIZE SEEDLINGS BY TREATMENT WITH TOXIC

CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC

Adam S1, Murthy SDS1, Fareeda G2, Prasad TNVKV3

1Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.

2Department of Soil Science, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG. Ranga Agricultural

University, Tirupati.

3Nanotechnology laboratory, Regional Agricultrual Research Station (RARS), Acharya

NG. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati.


Effect of zinc at high concentration (60-180µM) has been investigated in maize seedlings

in controlled environment. Zinc treatment caused inhibition in whole chain electron

transport and photosystem (PS)-II catalyzed electron transport activity by 48% at 120µM

concentration. Further rise in concentrations to 180µM caused damage and inhibits PS-II

activity. But at the same concentrations 29% loss was noted in PS-I catalyzed electron

transport activity. Further Light intensity alterations clearly demonstrated that the

inhibition was at light saturating conditions (416 Wm-2) than that at light limiting

condition (24Wm-2) indirectly this concludes that LHC-II of PS-II is the main target for

zinc stress. Among the two photosystems PS-II seems to be the target than that of PS-I

under zinc stress mainly.

130

[SAOP-16]

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND WEED MANAGEMENT ON POST

HARVEST SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS IN PADDY UNDER AEROBIC CULTURE

Tirumala Reddy S

Programme Coordinator, KVK, Kalikiri

Field experiments were carried out for two consecutive years of rabi, 2009, and 2010 on

sandy clay loam soils of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati to evaluate the nitrogen and

weed management practices for maximizing the productivity and quality of aromatic

rice under aerobic culture in Southern Agro-climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh. The

experiment was laid out in split plot design, replicated thrice. The treatments consisted

of four levels of nitrogen viz., 100 kg ha-1 (N1), 120 kg ha-1(N2), 140 kg ha-1(N3) and 160

kg ha-1 (N4) as main plots, seven weed management practices viz., Un-weeded check

(W1), Pre emergence (PE) application of pretilachlor @ 500 g a.i ha-1 (W2), PE of

oxadiargyl @ 75 g a.i ha-1 (W3), PE of pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 20 g a.i ha-1(W4), W1+ HW

at 25 DAS (W5), W2 +HW at 25 DAS(W6) and W3 +HW at 25 DAS(W7) as sub plots. The

test variety of rice was Sugandha samba (RNR 2465). Post harvest soil fertility status

estimated in terms of available nitrogen, available P2O5 and available K2O immediately

after the harvest of rice crop. Available nitrogen content of the soil was influenced by

graded levels of nitrogen and weed management practices, as well as their interaction,

where as available phosphorous and potassium content of the soil was influenced by

graded levels of nitrogen and weed management practices, while the interaction effect

was non significant during both the years of study with unaltered trend. Among the

different nitrogen levels tried, the highest post harvest soil available nitrogen was

recorded with highest level of nitrogen tried (160 kg N ha-1) where as phosphorus and

potassium were noticed with application of nitrogen at 140 kg ha-1. Relatively higher soil

available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium status with higher nitrogen supply might

be due to unutilized nutrients tapped in the soil. The lowest values of all major soil

available nutrients were recorded with application of 100 kg N ha-1. With different weed

management practices tried, the highest post harvest soil available nutrients were

recorded with PE application of oxadiargyl @ 75 g ha-1 supplemented with HW at 25

DAS (W6) due to optimum removal of nutrients by crop and effective control of weeds,

where as un-weeded check (W1) recorded lowest post harvest nutrients due to over

exploitation of all major nutrients by heavy weed infestation.

131

[SAOP-17]

IDENTIFICATION AND PYRAMIDING OF GENES FOR DROUGHT

RESISTANCE , YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN ADVANCED

BREEDING LINES OF GROUNDNUT

Vasanthi RP*, Amaravathi Y, Sudhakar P, Latha P, Siva kumar E, Jhansi Rani P,

Purushotham M, Kiran Jyothi G and Giridharakrishna T

Institute of Frontier Technology, RARS, Tirupati-517502


Drought is the major abiotic constraint deciding yield of rainfed groundnut during

kharif season. To stabilize yield in rainfed situation, it is necessary to develop high

yielding drought resistant groundnut varieties. Towards this objective, a lot of breeding

material was generated from massive hybridisation programme taken up during 2002 in

Regional Agricultural Research Station Tirupati. One selection from VRI2 X TCGP6

cross that possesses optimum combination of high yield and drought tolerance traits

was released as Dharani (TCGS1043) in 2012. Many advanced breeding lines with

different combination of different traits are available in groundnut breeding section of

RARS, Tirupati. To identify genes for drought related traits, yield and yield attributes in

groundnut, a total of 331 advanced breeding lines are being evaluated for drought

related traits and also yield and yield attributes. The same lines are genotyped with SSR

markers available in the public database (http://marker.kazusa.or.jp/Peanut/). To

identify more informative SSR markers we are following two different strategies. One is

screening SSRs in parental lines namely Kadiri6 and Dharani (susceptible and resistant

parents, respectively) for drought. 54 SSR markers were screened between Kadiri 6 and

Dharani, sixteen (29%) were found polymorphic. The positions of informative SSRs are

available in the integrated linkage maps in public domain and will be used to screen all

the 331breeding lines. If large gaps are there between polymorphic makers in the linkage

groups, then the second strategy would be followed by choosing 25 lines which are

phenotypically different from Kadiri6 and Dharani with respect to drought related traits

like water use efficiency, wax coating, root length and volume etc. These lines will be

screened with markers in the gap position which were monomorphic in these two

parents. Based on the segregation pattern, the markers will be chosen for genotyping all

the 331 lines. The SSR markers identified can be used to accumulate desirable genes into

a single or a few genotypes by marker assisted selection to ultimately arrive at a high

yielding drought tolerant genotype.


132

[SAOP-18]

ITK LED AGRICULTURE IN PADDY AND GROUNDNUT CROPS OF YSR

DISTRICT

Ramalakshmi devi S1 and Padmodaya B2

1SMS (Agril. Extension), KVK, Kadapa-516003, AP

2Programme Coordinator, KVK, Kadapa-516003, AP


A study was conducted in Krishi Vigyan Kendra adopted villages viz., Kulumulapalli of

C.K Dinne mandal, Gotur of Vallur mandal and Upparapalli of Chennur mandal of YSR

district during 2014-15 to identify, document and validate Indigenous Technical

Knowledge (ITKs) in Paddy and Groundnut crops and their adoption by the farmers

was also studied. In this study 10 no. of ITKs in Paddy and 8 no. of ITKs in Groundnut

were identified by in-depth discussions with old aged farmers, Concerned Mandal

Agricultural Officers, Progressive farmers. Scientific rationality of the identified ITKs

was obtained through mailed questionnaire from 12 no. of scientists. 40 no. of Paddy

farmers and 40 no. of Groundnut farmers from the above mentioned villages were

selected and their adoption of identified ITKs was studied. The results revealed that

among the identified Paddy ITKs Fencing with old saris to control wild boars was

widely adopted (100%) and Storing paddy grains along with neem leaves was highly

rational (100%). Among the identified Groundnut ITKs Keeping Calotropis branches in

Groundnut field to control Red Hairy Caterpillar was widely adopted (100%) and highly

rational (100%).


133

[SAOP-19]

IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF RESISTANCE FOR BLAST AT

MARUTERU, ANDHRA PRADESH

Chamundeswari N*, Satyanarayana PV, Krishnam Raju S, Bhuvaneswari V, Girija Rani M, Vishnu Vardhan KM, Ravi Kumar BNVSR, Ramana Rao PV and

Vishnuvardhan Reddy A Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute, Maruteru, West Godavari District

Andhra Pradesh – 534 122, India Correspondence: [email protected]

The blast disease is one of the major rice diseases in rice growing areas all over the world and often causes significant yield losses in rice. Growing resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical method of controlling this disease. In the present study the test entries include the entries received as nominations from national and International institutes across the world to be evaluated in International Rice Blast Nursery (IRBN) which is an integral part of the International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER) coordinated by International rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines around the world. The material consists of 55 test entries and 2 checks. The check varieties are B 40 (Susceptible check) and IR 1552 (Resistant purple check). The local resistant and susceptible cultivars viz., MTU 1001 and RDR 763 respectively were also included in the nursery. The four check varieties along with 55 test entries were sown during Kharif 2013 in augmented design in 4 blocks. Data was recorded on yield and yield components. The test set was screened for leaf blast and neck blast separately during Rabi 2014. Leaf blast and neck blast scores were given as per Standard Evaluation system (SES) of International Rice Research Institute. The analysis of variance shown that there are significant differences among test entries, check varieties and between test entries and check varieties. The results revealed that the mean grain yield plant -1 was 22 grams (g), highest in IRBL9-W (41.5 g) followed by IRBLSH-T/RL (40.5 g) and IR 09N500 (40 g). The leaf blast scores indicated that only one entry IR 09A224 recorded leaf blast score 1 and found highly resistant. This entry also recorded highest grain yield of 39.3g per plant under normal conditions. Of the seventeen entries recorded score 2, the entries IR 06N209 and IR 10A227 showed highest grain yield of 37 and 36.3g plant-1 respectively indicating that these entries are high yielders possessing blast resistance. Leaf blast score 3 was recorded by 14 entries. Two entries recorded score 4 and six entries recorded score 5 indicating that these are moderately resistant to leaf blast. The entry IRBL1-Cl recorded score 7 while IRBLK-KA andIRBLKP-K60 recorded score 9 revealing that these entries are susceptible to leaf blast. The neck blast scores revealed that none of the entries had shown resistant reaction to neck blast. Only one entry IRBLZ-FU/RL had shown moderate resistant reaction with score 5, while two cultures IRBL 7-M/RL and IR 09N247 recoded score 7. Remaining all entries showed highly susceptible reaction of score 9. The entries which are highly resistant to leaf blast had also shown susceptible reaction to neck blast which clearly indicated that the leaf blast resistant cultures need not be resistant to neck blast and there is no entry which was resistant to neck blast. From the present study it is concluded that under normal conditions the entries highest in IRBL9-W (41.5 g) followed by IRBLSH-T/RL (40.5 g) and IR 09N500 (40 g) recorded highest grain yield. The entries IR 09A224, IR 06N209 and IR 10A227 are found highly resistant to leaf blast. Because of their high yield potential coupled with leaf blast resistance these entries can be directly used as cultivars in irrigated low lands and can also be used as donors in breeding programmes for development of rice varieties for cultivation under blast endemic areas.


134

[SAOP-20]

IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF MUNG(VIGNA

RADIATE L.) FLOUR ON SOLVENT RETENTION CAPACITY OF MUNG-

WHEAT COMPOSITE FLOUR

Thiruchenduran* S and Priyadharshani WMD

Department of Food Science and Technology,

Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, BelihulOya, Sri Lanka.

Partial replacement of wheat flour with de-hulled mung flour in producing analogous

functional products may cause sensory problems and limits the usage of composite

flour. Among various tests to predict the functionality of flour in products, solvent

retention capacity (SRC) profile (for solvents: water (WSRC), 5% Sodium carbonate

splution (SCSRC) and 50% Sucrose solution (SSRC)) of composite flour was evaluated.

Wheat flour was replaced 5%,10%,15% and 20% levels with Mung flour (MF) based on

sample weight. SRC was quantified after shaking and centrifuging solvent-flour mixture

at 1000*g for 20 min, removing decant and weighing the gel. Results shows that mung

flour percentage has significant effect on wheat flour SRC at 0.05 alpha (p-vals for:

WSRC=0.0481, SSRC<0.0001 and SCSRC=0.0012), mung amount with SSRC and SCSRC

had strong negative correlation (-0.758 and -0.741 respectively), 55.2% ov variation in

SSRC can be explained using equation SSRC=110.14465-0.83107‟Mung percentage‟,

52.99% of variation in SCSRC can be explained using equation SCSRC=86.10166-0.84663

„Mung percentage‟, 20% and 10% MF have acceptable SSRC and SCSRC for good cookie

flour respectively and for acceptable sponge and dough system(S&D) 15% and 20% MF

has acceptable SSRC and 10%,15% and 20% MF has acceptable SCSRC. Over all

acceptability of composite flour for cookie and S&D system increases within the study

range.

135

[SAOP-21]

SOIL HEALTH ISSUES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

Yamini M1*, Thanusha R2 and Vedadri U3.

1,3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural chemistry, S.V.Agricultural College,


2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V.Agricultural College, Tirupati, AP


In India over 97 million hectares of the cultivated area is under rainfed agriculture.

Soil is the most important resource for crop and livestock production in rainfed

ecosystem. The demand for food is increasing, which is necessitating the higher

productivity from rainfed regions; emphasize the critical importance for rainfed

agriculture in Indian economy and food security of growing population. India

would need to produce 350 Mt of food grains to feed the population of 1.41 billion

by 2025. Contrary to ever increasing demand for food, the rate of response of crops

to added fertilizers is declining year after year. To meet the requirement of growing

demand of food grains it is imperative to increase the production potential through

improving soil health in rainfed dryland regions besides the irrigated regions. The

decline in the rate of response of crops to added fertilizers under intensive cropping

is resulted from deterioration in physical, chemical and biological health of soils. The

term soil quality and soil health are often used interchangeably in the scientific

literature. Soil quality as the degree of fitness of a soil for specific use. Soil quality

encompasses not only crop productivity and environmental protection but also food

safety and animal/human health. Important issues related to soil health degradation

are, physical degradation such as compaction, crusting etc by excessive cultivation

or puddling. The major reasons for chemical degradation of soils are; wide nutrient

gap between nutrient demand and supply, high nutrient turn over in soil-plant

system coupled with low and imbalanced fertilizer use, emerging deficiencies of

secondary and micronutrients , poor nutrient use efficiency, acidification, salinity

and alkalinity in soils. Biological degradation by organic matter depletion and loss of

flora and fauna. Soil pollution from industrial wastes, excessive use of pesticides and

heavy metal contamination. Management strategies for sustaining better soil health

and higher productivity are choice of suitable crops and cropping systems, site

specific nutrient management for higher productivity and profitability besides

positive environmental benefits and integrated plant nutrient supply strategies for

different cropping systems.


136

[SAOP-22]

STUDIES ON HETEROSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT

TRAITS IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)

Raghu B1*, Suresh J2, Usharani G3, Saidaiah P4 and Sudheer Kumar S5

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture,

PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030

*E-mail: [email protected]

Maize being the world's widely grown cereal owes its importance and its high

cultivation area to its adaptation ability to a wide variety of climatic conditions. Maize

unveiled excessive ability for heterotic expression which is a pre-requisite in boosting up

yield. Heterosis is the foundation of modern maize breeding programs and depends on

the direction and magnitude, biological feasibility and the type of gene action involved.

Therefore, the present investigation was carried out at Maize Research Centre,

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi, 2008-09 to know the direction and magnitude of

different kinds of heterosis. The basic material comprised of ten diverse genotypes and

their forty five crosses obtained from 10 x 10 half diallel mating fashion. Crosses along

with parents and their standard checks were grown in a Randomized Block Design with

three replications. The cross SRRL-79 X SK-3 with 128.50 % of heterosis over better

parent showed significant heterotic responses to traits like days to 50 % silking, days to

50 % maturity, ear height, ear length, ear girth, number of kernels per row and 100 grain

weight. CM-211 X ACROSS with 99.69 % yield heterobeltiosis had significant

heterobeltiotic response to days to 50 % tasselling, days to 50 % maturity, plant height,

ear height, ear girth, number of kernels per row; SK-1 X SK-3 with heterobeltiosis of

97.35 % registered significant heterosis to days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50 % silking,

days to 50 % maturity, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear girth, number of kernels

per row; SRRL-79 X SK-1 with 91.85 % yield heterobeltiosis showed significant heterosis

to plant height, ear height, ear length, ear girth, number of kernel rows per ear, number

of kernels per row, 100 grain weight; while the cross CM-211 X SRRL-79 showed

heterobeltiosis of 91.58 % and significant response for plant height, ear height, ear

length, ear girth, 100 grain weight. The present investigation clearly showed large

magnitude of heterosis for grain yield and yield contributing characters in the five

hybrids viz., SRRL- 79 X SK-3, CM-211 X ACROSS, SK-1 X SK-3, SRRL-79 X SK-1 and

CM-211 X SRRL-79. These promising hybrids help in exploring suitable heterotic hybrid

combinations for future breeding programmes devoted to obtain superior hybrids and

commercial utilization in maize.

137

[SAOP-23]

CORRELATION STUDIES BETWEEN YIELD, YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND

DROUGHT TOLERANT TRAITS IN MUNGBEAN

Govardhan G1, Hariprasad Reddy K1, Mohan Reddy D1, Sudhakar P2 and

Bhaskara Reddy BV3

1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati

2Department of Crop Physiology, RARS, Tirupati

3Department of Plant Pathology, RARS, Tirupati

An investigation in mungbean was carried out with 58 mung genotypes including 4

checks (MGG 347, MGG 348, MGG 351 and LGG 460) to study the association between

yield, yield attributes and drought tolerant traits were sown in two sets simultaneously

in field as well as under rainout shelter during kharif, 2012 by adopting augmented block

design-II. Sufficient irrigation was provided for one set in field condition whereas

moisture stress was imposed to the crop under rainout shelter from 40 days to until

maturity. A perusal of correlation studies revealed that selection based on harvest index,

number of pods per plant and relative water content could be considered during

selection process to bring about improvement for high yield with drought tolerance

which would be suitable for both the irrigated and moisture stress conditions as they

had significant and positive association with seed yield. Further, adopting selection

based on days to 50% flowering, number of pods per cluster in irrigated condition and

plant height, days to maturity in moisture stress condition could also be beneficial as

they exhibited significant positive association with seed yield. Hence, these traits

especially relative water content could be used as selection criterion aimed for the

development of drought tolerant lines coupled with high yield.

138

[SAOP-24]

EFFECT OF BASAL Vs SPLIT APPLICATION OF FARM YARD MANURE ON

SOIL AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE

Sreelatha T, Rama Lakshmi ChS and Veerabhadrarao K

Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle – 531001.

Present study was conducted to study the effect of different doses of chemical fertilizers

along with farm yard manure either basal or split application on juice quality and

productivity of sugarcane. Effect of integrated nutrient management on cane juice

quality revealed that, though there was no significant difference among treatments,

highest cane juice sucrose of 19.21 % was observed in farm yard manure @ 25 t/ha as

basal which was on par with Farm Yard Manure @ 25 t/ha as two splits (19.10 %).

Integrated nutrient treatments exhibited significantly highest stalk population and

milleable canes (NMC) over farm yard manure alone treatments and also observed that

population counts were increased with increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers over

recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (100 % chemical fertilizers) alone. Highest

mean stalk population counts (109405/ha) and No. of milleable canes (104915/ha) were

recorded in the treatment which received 150 % fertilizer N + Farm yard manure @ 25

t/ha as basal, which was on par with the treatment which received 100 % fertilizer N +

Farm yard manure @ 25t/ha. Cane and sugar yields were also followed the same trend

like yield attributes. Highest mean cane and sugar yield of 99.63 and 13.05 t/ha was

observed in the treatment which received 150 % fertilizer N + Farm yard manure @25

t/ha as basal however it was on par with 100 % fertilizer N + Farm yard manure 25 t

/ha as basal. Lowest sugar yield of 8.11 t/ha was observed Farm Yard Manure @ 25

t/ha alone. Though the juice quality is more in organic manure alone treatments sugar

yield is significantly less is due to minimum cane yields were recorded in these plots.

139

[SAOP-25]

GENOMICS ASSISTED BREEDING FOR PULSES

Thanusha R1*, Yamini M2, Manju Bhargavi M3 and Kavitha G3

1,3Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V.Agricultural College, Tirupati.

2Department of Soil Science and Agricultural chemistry, S.V. Agricultural College,

Tirupati – 517 502.

*Correpondence: [email protected]

The global population is continuously increasing and is expected to reach nine billion by

2050. This huge population pressure will lead to severe shortage of food, natural

resources and arable land. Such an alarming situation is most likely to arise in

developing countries due to increase in the proportion of people suffering from protein

and micronutrient malnutrition. Pulses being a primary and affordable source of

proteins (20-25%) and minerals play a key role in alleviating the protein calorie

malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Though considerable success has been

achieved through conventional breeding so far in most of the pulse crops, could not

be enough to feed the ever increasing population. In this context, among various

approaches genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) holds promise in enhancing the genetic

gains. Though pulses have long been considered as orphan crops, recent advances in the

area of pulse genomics are noteworthy, e.g. discovery of genome-wide genetic markers,

high-throughput genotyping and sequencing platforms, high-density genetic

linkage/QTL maps and, more importantly, the availability of whole-genome sequence.

With genome sequence in hand, there is a great scope to apply genome-wide methods

for trait mapping using association studies and to choose desirable genotypes via

genomic selection. It is anticipated that GAB will speed up the progress of genetic

improvement of pulses, leading to the rapid development of cultivars with higher yield,

enhanced stress tolerance and wider adaptability. Marker- assisted back crossing

(MABC) is the simplest way to introgress QTLs. To capture multiple QTLs with

smaller effects, the idea of marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) was

pronounced. In conclusion, the developed genomic tools and technologies can be a

great supplement to the conventional breeding to experience a quantum leap in the

genetic gains of pulse crops. Strong interfaces are needed to be developed among the

pulse breeders, biotechnologists and bioinformaticians, so that the enormous amount

of the genomics information which has been accumulated in last years could be

translated into superior high yielding cultivars.


140

[SAPP-1]

THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID AND MALIC ACID IN

ALLEVIATING ALUMINUM INDUCED TOXICITY IN FINGER MILLET

(ELEUSINE CORACANA L.)

Hemalatha S*, Varalakshmi S and Balaji M

Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University,

Tirupati – 517 502, A.P. India.


Al toxicity is a major constraint for crop production in acidic soil worldwide. When the

soil pH is lower than 5, Al3+ is released in to the soil and enters into root tip cell and

ceases root development of plant. The alleviating effect of salicylic acid (SA) and malic

acid (MA) in reducing the effects of Aluminum (Al) toxicity in Finger millet (Eleusine

coracana L.) cultivars like IE 3618 (Resistant) and Ratnagiri (Sensitive) were studied. The

concentrations like Al-100μM, Al-100μM +SA-50 μM, Al-100 μM+SA-100 μM, Al-100

μM+SA-100 μM+MA-100 μM were given to the seedlings of Finger millet cultivars.

Organic acids with Al-chelating ability play an important role in the detoxification of Al

both externally and internally. Al is detoxified externally by the secretion of organic

acids such as Malic acid (MA) and Salicylic acid (SA). Al treatment (100 μM) caused 40%

- 65% drop in plant growth, relative water content (RWC) and 0.5 to 2 folds increase in

proline content respectively, when compared to their control plants grown in Al free

medium. Al treatment also resulted in 2-5 fold raise in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels,

and 2 -3 fold higher Al uptake. Al also caused 2-5 fold decrease in other elements (Ca

and P) concentrations. The antioxidant enzymes like Catalase (CAT), superoxide

dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) showed varied activities under Al alone. CAT

activity decreased after Al treatment, followed by increase in SOD and POD activity.

Under SA-priming conditions, the efficiency of the antioxidant enzymes was slightly

increased, whereas by the adding of MA, the enzyme activities were significantly

elevated. MA and SA showed gradual increase in these antioxidants, retention of

proline, improvement in elements concentration and decrease in MDA content. Our

results indicated that MA and SA showed better performance to overcome Al toxicity

when administered synergistically than individually. IE3618 showed better recovery

than Ratnagiri.

141

[SAPP-2]

EVALUATION OF ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DE-HULLED MANGO

SEED EXTRACT

Venkata Rao KV1 , PavanKumar C2 , Alpha Raj M1 , Syaama Sundar N2,

Ananda Kumar P3.

1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2Department of Veterinary Medicine,

3Department of Veterinary Microbiology,

College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur – 516 360 (A.P) India

This study is aimed at evaluating the anti-bacterial activity of de hulled Mango seed

extract. De- hulled Mango seeds were used to produce aqueous and methanolic extracts.

100g of de-hulled mango seed was shade dried, powdered & extracted with either 500ml

of distilled water or methanol. The yield in both extracts ranged between 25-30%. The

extracts were evaluated for anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli, which is the

most common cause of diarrhoea, using micro plate dilution method. The MIC of

aqueous extract was 1.65mg/mL and that of methanolic extract was 0.83mg/mL. The

Tannin content in the extracts ranged from 35.23mg/g in aqueous to 68.43mg/g in

methanolic extract. In conclusion the antidiarrhoeal effects of mango seed extract can be

attributed mainly to the Tannin content than the antibacterial activity. Hence

concomitant use of antibacterial agent with mango seed extract is advocated for use in

diarrhoea.

142

[SAPP-3]

STUDIES ON CRITICAL PERIOD OF CROP WEED COMPETITION AND

WEED DYNAMICS IN HYBRID MAIZE

Jitendra Kumar Singh, Prabhakara Reddy G and Nagamani C

Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College,

Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh-517 502


A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2009-2010, at wetland farm of

S.V.Agricultural college, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh to study the critical period of crop

weed competition and weed dynamics in hybrid maize. The experiment was laid out in

Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice with twelve treatments, viz; Weed free

condition (WFC) up to 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAS and weed interference (WI) up to 15, 30,

45, 60 and 75 DAS along with weed free and weedy check. The test cultivar was DHM

117. The major weed flora of the experimental field consisted of Cynodon dactylon,

Cyperus rotundus, and Commelina benghalensis, Dactyloctenium aegyptim, Cleome viscosa and

Euphorbia hirta. The density and biomass of weeds (broad leaved weeds, grasses and

sedges) tended to decrease with increasing weed free condition up to harvest. The

growth parameters, yield and economics of maize were significantly influenced by

varying periods of weed free and weed interference conditions. The critical period of

crop weed competition in hybrid maize in alfisols was found to be from 30 to 45 DAS

(Days After Sowing).


143

[SAPP-4]

DISEASE REACTION OF FINGER MILLET GENOTYPES TO BLAST DISEASE

CAUSED BY PYRICULARIA GRISEA

Hemalatha TM, Madhavilatha L and Subbarao M

Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle


Finger millet blast is the most devastating disease affecting different aerial parts of the

plant at all growth stages starting from seedling to grain formation. The average loss

due to blast has been reported to be around 28-36% and in endemic areas, yield losses

could be as high as 80-90%. Effective management of blast disease in finger millet can

best be achieved through host- plant resistance. Growing cultivars with durable

resistance is the best means of combating the blast disease of finger millet, which is

predominantly grown by resource-poor and marginal farmers. Hence development and

screening of finger millet varieties for blast disease is a continuous process. Seventeen

entries were evaluated for their reaction to all the three types of the blast disease under

field conditions during Kharif and Rabi 2011-12 at Agricultural Research Station,

Perumallapalle. In the study, almost all the varieties showed moderately susceptible

reaction to neck and finger blast while the susceptible check variety, Champavathi (VR-

708) showed highly susceptible reaction to both the neck and finger blast. Only one

variety ie., VR-959 showed moderately resistant reaction to both neck and finger blast

during both the seasons of Kharif and rabi, 2012 with a least mean incidence of 4.98%

neck blast and 7.66% of finger blast with highest mean grain yield of 34.31q/ha. The

varieties VR (W) 978, PR 10-45, PR 10-7 and VR 948, though recorded an incidence of

neck blast ranging from 5.65-10.45% showing moderately susceptible reaction to Neck

blast, are on par with the best variety, VR 959 in yield production (33.93, 33.07, 31.41 and

30.49 q/ha respectively).

144

[SAPP-5]

GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND DROUGHT TRAIT RELATIONS OF

GREENGRAM BY USING GENOTYPE BY TRAIT (GT) BIPLOT

Paramesh M, Mohan Reddy D, Shanthi Priya M, Sudhakar P and Reddy KHP

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College,

Tirupati 517502.


The present investigation was carried out during rabi, 2013-14 at Sri Venkateswara

Agricultural College, Tirupati to study the interrelationship among greengram traits by

using genotype by trait biplot technique. A total of thirty one greengram genotypes

were assessed using RBD with three replications. GT biplot analysis revealed that, seed

yield was highly positively correlated with number of pods per plant and number of

clusters per plant indicating that higher the values of these two traits, more will be the

seed yield. It was also positively correlated with days to maturity, plant height, specific

leaf area, relative injury and chlorophyll stability index. However, seed yield was

negatively correlated with relative water content and showed independent association

with chlorophyll content and SCMR indicting that zero contribution of these traits in

manifestation of seed yield. For the drought related traits a strong positive correlation

was observed between relative injury and chlorophyll stability index, between SCMR,

chlorophyll content and relative water content and between relative injury, chlorophyll

stability index and specific leaf area. The characters chlorophyll content, specific leaf

area, relative injury and chlorophyll stability index showed a positive correlation with

seed yield indicating the importance of these traits in manifestation of seed yield. Hence

it could be suggested that the traits number of pods per plant, number of clusters per

plant, days to maturity, plant height, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll stability index

could be considered as momentous in the breeding programme aimed for the

development of high yield and drought tolerance.


145

[SAPP-6]

INFLUENCE OF WATERLOGGING ON CETAIN BIOCHEMICAL AND YIELD

PARAMETERS OF PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILLSP)

Yohan Y, Umamahesh V, Sudhakar P and Reddi Ramu Y

Department of Crop Physiology, S.V.Agricultural College,

Tirupati-517502, (A.P), India


A pot culture experiment was conducted at Department of Crop physiology, S.V.

Agricultural College, Tirupati during kharif 2013 to know the effect of waterlogging on

certain Physiological parameters of Redgram (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp).The experiment

was conducted in a spilt pot design with different time periods of waterlogging as main

treatments and genotypes as subplots. LRG 30, Maruti and Asha were the genotypes

tested. Waterlogging affected all the biochemical and yield parameters viz., reducing

and total reducing sugars, superoxide dismutase, membrane stability index, number of

pods per plant, pod dry weight and seed yield. The three different periods of stress

imposition were 40 DAS (vegetative stage), 80 DAS (reproductive stage) and 120 DAS

(pod formation stage). Sensitive stage for different biochemical and yield parameters

were recorded. Water logging at 40DAS affected super oxide dismutase, reducing

sugars and total sugars. When stress was imposed at 80DAS only pod dry weight

affected. A greater decrease in number of pods per plant and seed yield was observed

when stress was imposed at 120 DAS. The present study forms a biochemical and yield

basis to understand the sensitive stage of redgram to waterlogging stress.


146

[SAPP-7]

EVALUATION OF GLADIOLUS CULTIVARS UNDER OPEN FIELD

CONDITIONS FOR QUALITY AND VASE LIFE ATTRIBUTES

Devi Priya A, Swarajya Lakshmi K, Nagaraju R and Srinivasa reddy D

Department of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University

H.C & R.I, Anantharajupet, Y.S.R. District-516 105, A.P.


A study was conducted to evaluate fourteen cultivars of gladiolus at Horticultural College

and Research Institute, Anantharajupet, Y.S.R. District for spike quality and vase life

parameters. Significant variations were observed for floral characters, among all cultivars,

cv. Bindya (52.20, 59.67, 63.67 days), Ac. No 7 (54.73, 61.00, 63.80 days) and Swarnima

(55.53, 63.67, 67.73 days) were found early to spike initiation, first floret to show colour

and first floret to open respectively. The cultivar Swarnima (90.60, 54.47 cm) recorded

maximum Spike length and rachis length. Cultivars Swarnima (13.40) and Arka Amar

(13.00) also produced more number of florets spike-1. Maximum diameter of first floret

was noticed in cultivar Arka Gold (12.37 cm) and Bindya (12.27 cm). Maximum longevity

of spike on plant and vase life period was observed in cultivar Arka Gold (16.40, 12.03

days).


147

[SAPP-8]

ROLE OF PHYTASE IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Sandhya A, Sridevi A and Suvarnalatha Devi P

Department of Applied Microbiology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam,

Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh


Soil phosphorous is an important macronutrient for plant growth. This element helps

crop plants to form strong root systems and develop flowers or fruit. P is usually added

to soil as chemical P fertilizer, however synthesis of chemical P fertilizer is highly energy

intensive processes, and has long term impacts on the environment in terms of

eutrophication, soil fertility depletion, and carbon footprint. Plants can use only a small

amount of P since 75 –90% of added P is precipitated by metal – cation complexes like

phytate, and rapidly becomes fixed in soils. Such environmental concerns have led to

the search for sustainable way of P nutrition of crops. Microorganisms hydrolyze this

organic form of phosphorous secreting phosphatases such as phytases and

acidic/alkaline phosphatases and helps in phosphorous uptake. This study reveals the

use of efficient Phytase producing organisms that opens up a new horizon for better

crop productivity besides sustaining soil health.


148

[SAPP-9]

IDENTIFICATION OF GROUNDNUT GENOTYPES SUITABLE FOR EARLY

KHARIF SITUATION IN SOUTHERN ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESH

Vasanthi RP, Purushotham M, Bharath kumar CG, Siva kumar E and

Giridhara Krishna T

Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupathi - 517502

Groundnut is cultivated in three to four major situations i.e. early kharif (irrigated),

kharif (rainfed), kharif (irrigated) and rabi (irrigated) in Andhra Pradesh. In early kharif,

about 50,000 ha is being cultivated in different districts wherever there is irrigation

facility. This situation demands different plant type as the existing popular varieties

grow tall and lodge resulting in reduction in yield. The short statured TAG 24 occupies

maximum area in this situation. In this variety, the constraints are in-situ germination

and non-synchronous podding and maturity. About 18 cultures were evaluated

involving five check varieties of groundnut during kharif 2014. Out of the genotypes

evaluated, TCGS 1157, TCGS 1157A and TCGS 1330 were found to be significantly

superior over the best check variety, Dharani (2065 kg/ha) while TCGS 1073, 1345, 1346,

1349, 1375 and 1387 were at par with respect to pod yield. Highest 100 kernel weight

was recorded by TCGS 1330 and 1375 (41g) while it was 40g in TCGS 1157A. Dharani‟s

100-kernel weight was 37g while Kadiri6 and Narayani recorded 31g. Genotypic co-

efficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 6.46% (SMK %) to 21.87% (kernel yield kg/ha)

while the heritability was high (>50%) for all the traits studied i.e. pod yield, kernel

yield, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling % and sound mature kernel

percentage. Genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) was high for pod yield,

kernel yield, 100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight indicating that phenotypic selection

would be more fruitful in selection to bring about improvement in yield and yield

attributes while GAM was moderate for shelling and SMK % indicating moderate scope

of improvement in these traits through phenotypic selection.

149

[SAPP-10]

BIO FORTIFICATION OF ZINC IN RICE

Vineetha U, Surendra Babu P, Chandini Patnaik M, Rajan CPD, RameshBabu P,

RajaSekhar P, Harathi PN and Paramasiva I

Agricultural Research Station, Nellore, A.N.G.Ranga Agricultural University


One third of the world population is reported at the risk of zinc malnutrition due

to inadequate dietary intake of zinc (Cakmak 2009). Singh (2010) reported wide spread

hidden hunger of zinc in seeds and feeds which is affecting a large segment of resource

poor families whose food comes mainly from cereals grown on zinc deficient soils.

Continuous intensive cropping of high yielding crop varieties has further aggravated

the depletion of soil zinc leading to low zinc concen‐tration in edible grains. Fortification

of food grains is the best option as a permanent solution. The viable and quick option

would be to opt for ferti-fortification of zinc in food grain crops. . The best way is

thought to be the biofortification of the rice grains by applying Zn fertilizers as poor

people cannot afford Zn supplementation. Present study was carried out at Agricultural

Research Station, Nellore during Kharif and rabi, 2012 on “Bio Fortification of zinc in

rice”. The experiment was conducted in clay loam soil with 0.45 % O.C, 7.8 PH & 0.84

EC (dsm-1). The available nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium were 66, 147 and 574

kg/ha respectively. Field trial was laid out in Randomized block design with 12

Treatments namely T1: Control (Only NPK but no zinc), T2: 25 kg Zinc Sulphate / ha

(SA), T3: T2 + 1 ZS Spray at 21 DAT (@ 2 g / lit), T4: T2 + 1 ZS Spray at 60 DAT, T5: T2+ 2

Sprays of Zn (21 & 60 DAT), T6: 12.5 kg ZS /ha (SA), T7: T6+ 1 ZS Spray at 21 DAT (@ 2 g

/ lit), T8: T6 + 1 ZS Spray at 60 DAT, T9: T6 + 2 Sprays of Zn (21 & 60DAT), T10: Only 1

Foliar Spray (@ 2g/ lit) at 21 DAT, T11: Only 1 Foliar Spray (@ 2 g / lit) at 60 DAT, T12:

Two Foliar Sprays(@2g/ lit) (at 21 & 60 DAT) and replicated thrice and T13: Zinc

Sulphate @ 50 kg / ha Basal Soil Application (For Rabi Crop only) Application of zinc

either through soil application or through spraying at one or two splits did not influence

the grain yield at recommended doses in Kharif season. But in rabi season, The highest

grain yield (7070 kg/ha) was obtained with soil application of Zinc@ 50 kg/ha followed

by 25 kg ZNSO4 as soil application and two sprays of Zinc at 21&60 DAT which was on

par with soil application of Zinc @ 25 kg/ha with one spray of zinc at 21 DAT. But with

regard to Zinc Fortification, The highest mean zinc content 24.27, 21.99 & 29.05 mg/kg

was recorded in Whole grain, Brown rice and rice husk respectively when zinc was

applied @ 25 kg Znso4/ha + 2 Sprays of zinc at 21 & 60 DAT. The percent zinc

fortification was also highest i.e 24.24 (Whole grain), 19.42 (Brown rice) & 42.94 (Rice

husk) when zinc was applied @ 25 kg Znso4/ha + 2 Sprays of zinc at 21 & 60 DAT.

150

[SAPP-11]

PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND HPLC ANALYSIS OF α-

AMYLASE FROM RICE

Fareeda G1, Adam S2, Nagalakshmi Devamma M3, Prasad TNVKV2

1Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, S.V. Agricultural College,

Tirupati- 517 502

2 Nano Technology Laboratory, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati-517 502

3Dept. of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502.


Amylases are hydrolytic enzymes which are widely distributed in animals, plants

and microorganisms. Amylases are of great significance in present-day biotechnology.

In present study, α-amylase is isolated from rice. Conventional protein purification

techniques such as salt fractionation, CM-cellulose and sephadex G-75 was employed

for the purification of α-amylase from the seeds of rice. The α-amylase activity was

eluted in one peak. The specific activity and yield of the purified α-amylase was 8.23

and 29.6 respectively. SDS-PAGE was used to determine the molecular weight of the

purified α-amylase. The purified α-amylase was nearly homogenous and its molecular

weight was found to be 44 kDa. The enzyme randomly attacked the bonds in the inner

region of the starch and produced various maltoligosaccharieds. The minimum length of

maltooilgosaccharides cleaved by the enzyme was maltohexose. This work contributed

with the advances in biochemistry generating of conditions for application of a new and

of low price amylases source.


151

[SAPP-12]

NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HYBRID MAIZE (Zea mays L.)

AS INFLUENCED BY INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Nagavani AV* and Subbian P

*Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupati- 517502

Maize is a miracle crop. Due to its tremendous yield potential, maize is popularly called

as “Queen of cereals”. With the intention of achieving evergreen revolution, intensive

research in maize has been started anticipating its importance for food and feed. Though

the continuous use of fertilizers had significantly improved the crop productivity, heavy

fertilizer application on the same plot every year will drain the soil fertility rapidly and

result in a plethora of problems viz., decline in crop productivity, deficiency of several

micro nutrients, environmental pollution etc. Thus, it has been realized that application

of chemical fertilizers in conjunction with organic manures and bio fertilizers will

sustain and maintain the productivity of soil. A field experiment was conducted on clay

loam soil at the irrigated upland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore, during kharif and rabi seasons of 2008 and 2009. The experiment was laid

out in randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of ten

treatments comprising four treatments of different organic manures and their

combinations viz., 100 per cent Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) through

farmyard manure, vermicompost and poultry manure and all the manures at 1/3, 1/3,

1/3 proportion. Four treatments were integrated i.e., 50 per cent RDF through organic

manures and 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizers. The remaining two

treatments were 100 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizers and control. The results

revealed that significant increase in yield components, grain and stover yield of maize

were recorded with the application of 50 per cent RDF through poultry manure + 50 per

cent RDF through inorganic fertilizers followed by 50 per cent RDF through

vermicompost + 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizers. Improvement in N and P

uptake and enrichment in soil available nutrients status at the end of two year cropping

sequence were recorded with the application of 50 per cent RDF through inorganic

fertilizers + 50 per cent RDF through poultry manure whereas, K uptake was recorded

with 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizers +50 per cent RDF through

vermicompost.

152

[SAPP-13]

INHIBITION OF SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES TO HIGHER DOSES OF

HERBICIDES

Rama Lakshmi ChS, Rao PC, Madhavi M and Sireesha A

AICRP on Weed Control, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad


Intensive use of herbicides without adequate knowledge of its effects on soil enzymes

may have adverse impact on soil biochemical processes and cycling of nutrients. Hence,

a study was conducted to assess the effects of oxadiargyl on soil enzymes i.e urease,

phosphatase and dehydrogenase were chosen for study because of their influence on

transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and on microbial activity of soil. A

field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different doses of oxadiargyl on

soil enzyme activities in spinach grown soils. In both the seasons and in both the sub

plots (FYM 10 tha-1 and without FYM) significantly higher urease, phosphatase and

dehydrogenase activity was recorded in the treatment which received oxadiargyl @ 0.75

kg a.i ha-1 and lower urease activity was recorded in the plots which received

oxadiargyl @ 1.5 kg a.i ha-1, however it was on par with un weeded check. Irrespective

of the seasons and treatments all the enzymes activity increased from 0 to 30 days after

application and showed maximum activity at 30 days after application and decreased at

the time of harvest. The treatment with hand weeding recorded lower soil urease

activity than oxadiargyl @ 0.75 kg a.i ha-1 during both the years, however it was

significantly higher than oxadiargyl @ 1.5 kg a.i ha-1and un weeded check. Acid and

alkaline phosphatase activity in soils was in order of oxadairgyl @ 0.75 kg ha-1 >

oxadairgyl @ 1.5 kg ha-1 > hand weeding > un weeded check. The dehydrogenase

activity was significantly higher in herbicide treated plots as compared to control.

Dehydrogenase activity in soils was in order of oxadiargyl @ 0.75 kg ha-1 > oxadiargyl @

1.5 kg ha-1 > hand weeding > un weeded check. It can be summarized that there has

been increased activity of enzymes at lower levels of herbicide as compared to un

weeded check and at higher levels there was decreased activity than lower levels. Which

may be due to the availability of carbon source for the growth of microorganisms. A

change in species composition of soil microorganisms may occur after pesticide

application but elimination of a single species is very unlikely. After initial disturbance,

there is generally a tendency to restore the original level quickly, as there is rarely a total

exposure of soil microorganisms to biologically active concentration of herbicide.


153

[SAPP-14]

PREPARATION OF SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS THEMATIC MAPS OF

NANDYAL MANDAL OF KURNOOL DISTRICT BY GEOGRAPHIC

INFORMATION SYSTEM

Reddy PVRM, Naga Madhuri KV, Kumar KV, Prasad TNVKVand

Giridhara Krishna T

Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Insistuite of Frointer Technology,

RARS, Tirupati.

The present study is an attempt to assess the spatial variability by generating

thematic maps of available soil fertility status of Nandyal mandal in Kurnool District

by GIS technique. Two hundred and forty three geo-referenced soil samples were

collected from sixteen villages at random and analysed for soil fertility adopting

standard procedures and mapped by Geographic information system. The pH of the

soil samples was neutral to highly alkaline in reaction. Available nitrogen was

generally low to medium whereas Phosphorous and potassium are available in all

the three ranges i.e. low, medium and high. The available micronutrient viz., Iron,

copper, zinc and manganese were deficit in 13.54 %, 18.76 %, 31.22% and 16.83 %

area respectively in these soils. The spatial variability of the various soil parameters

helps the farmers to take up sustained crop management practices.

154

[SAPP-15]

PARENTAL LINES SCREENING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF STEM ROT

RESISTANCE GENES IN GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEA L.) USING SSR

MARKER

Amaravathi Y*, Jhansi Rani, Siva kumar E, Vasanthi RP and Giridhara Krishna T



Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most economically important

crops in India. Groundnut productivity has been adversely challenged by several biotic

and abiotic stresses. Stem rot, a major disease of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

causing production losses ranging from 10 to 25% annually and reaches up to 80% when

the outbreak of disease epidemics. This disease is wide spread and causes serious losses

.Groundnut cultivars differ greatly in their reaction to stem rot disease and little is

known about the inheritance of this disease. Germplasm lines viz., NC2, Toalson, Nc

Ac18016, Nc8C, NCAc18416, Southern Runner, NC9, GAT2741, ICGV87359, ICGV

86590, CS19, ICGV 87160, 1364, TCG1525, NCAc 18019, SS34, Haryanawadi, ND8-2,

VRR472 and RR5290 were screened for stem and pod rot disease. CS 19 was found to be

comparatively more resistant than other accessions and was included for mapping

population development by crossing with the susceptible variety Narayani. The same

parental lines were used for SSR marker polymorphism screening. Molecular studies

reported extremely low levels of polymorphism within the cultivated species compared

to wild relatives of Arachis. The low diversity detected with SSR markers in the

cultivated genepool demanded large-scale SSR marker development (Panday et al.,

2011). Recent availability of SSR markers in the public database will greatly facilitate

molecular mapping breeding in this crop. 180 SSR markers were screened between

parental lines.The position of these markers were identifies by blast seach in silico. Of

these, 31 SSR markers were belonged to „A‟ genome; 30 SSR markers were on „B‟

genome and 22 on found on both genomes which spread on 10 chromosomes. Out of

180 markers 29 (17 %) markers viz., AH229, AH264, IPHAM284, IPHAM207,

IPHAM165, IPHAM71C,IPHAM41, AP46, AP176, PM145, GA53, SEQ3G07, PMC468,

PM208, RN09C02, RN09C08, RN02F12, IPAHM23, IPAHM308, IPAHM33, IPAHM352,

IPAHM534, IPAHM556, IPAHM589, IPAHM207, AH282, AH296, AH330 and GA6 were

found to be polymorphic between stem and pod rot resistant (CS 19) and susceptible

(Narayani) parents. These markers can be employed for genotyping the germplasm and

mapping populations for stem and pod rot resistance.

155

[SAPP-16]

MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDNUT LEAF MINER, APROAREMA MODICELLA

IN RAINFED GROUNDNUT

Devaki K, RamaKrishna Rao A, Murali Krishna T , Suma K, Srividya PB, Pavana

Jyotsna and Areefa P

Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station,Tirupati-517502

A.P

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop of tropical and

subtropical regions of the world. India is also one among the major groundnut growing

countries of the world. The low level of groundnut productivity in India is largely

because the crop is raised under rainfed/dry land condition. The groundnut leaf miner

(GLM) Aproaerema modicella Deventer, (Gelechiidae; Lepidoptera) is an oligophagous

insect pest feeding on leguminous host plants and a serious insect pest of groundnut

and soybean in rainy and post rainy seasons in India, South and South East Asia. Yield

losses more than 50 per cent are reported in groundnut due to GLM. Keeping the

economic importance of this pest in view, field experiments were conducted in

randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications for three years at

Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati during kharif, 2009 to 2011 seasons. The

treatments included were both conventional and new insecticides. The results from

three season‟s data indicated that, treatments with quinalphos @ 2.0mL/L (4.37%),

[email protected]/L (4.25%), chlorpyriphos @ 2.5mL/L (4.04%) were effective

against GLM in reducing larval population as well as foliar damage caused by GLM.

Apart from the conventional insecticides, new molecules like spinosad @ 0.25mL/L

were also found effective in reducing foliar damage by GLM. In untreated control the

damage of 9.54 per cent was recorded with a larval population of 10 No/ 10 plants. Pod

yield was also high in all the three treatments viz., quinalphos @ 2.0mL/L,

[email protected]/L and chlorpyriphos @ 2.5mL/L i.e., 1498, 1347 and 1309 kg/ha

respectively, when compared to control (740Kg/ha). These three treatments were also

effective in terms of cost compared to spinosad @0.25mL/L.

156

[SAPP-17]

NUTRIENT UPTAKE, SOIL AVAILABLE NUTRIENT STATUS AS

INFLUENCED BY USE OF ORGANIC MANURES AND PANCHAKAVYA

IN ONION

Lalitha Kadiri1, Prabhakara Reddy G1, Chandrika V1 and Kadiri Mohan2

1Department of Agronomy, 2 Department of Extension , Acharya N.G.Ranga

Agricultural University, Tirupati-517502 (Andhra Pradesh).


A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic manures and

Panchakavya on nutrient uptake and soil available nutrient status of onion during

rabi, 2007 at S.V. Agricutural College, Tirupati . There were eleven treatments

comprising of five different sources of nitrogen viz. farm yard manure, poultry

manure, green leaf manure, sheep manure with and without Panchakavya to supply

recommended dose of nitrogen on equal nitrogen basis. Nutrient uptake by shoots,

bulbs and total nutrient uptake followed similar trend. The highest nitrogen uptake

of onion was registered with recommended dose of NPK, since it was applied in

suitable number of splits, to match the physiological needs of the crop, resulting in

greater absorption compared to the organic source of N applied totally as basal. The

highest phosphorus uptake was recorded with poultry manure and that of

potassium was found with farm yard manure. Among the organic sources tried,

green leaf manure, farm yard manure replenished more available nitrogen to soil

than with that of sheep manure and poultry manure The build up of soil available

phosphorus status with varied anorial practices was in the descending order of

poultry manure, fertilizer, green leaf manure, sheep manure and farm yard manure.

While the build up of soil available potassium status was in the descending order of

green leaf manure, farm yard manure, sheep manure, poultry manure and fertilizer.

All the three major nutrients were found depleted after harvest of onion crop with

the control and periodical spraying of Panchakavya alone, which might be due to

non-supply of NPK through any source coupled with exhaustion of native soil

nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by the crop. Among the organic manures, the

residual left over with respect to the major nutrients was commensurate with

respective nutrient content of different organic manures and depletion pattern of

nutrients due to differential uptake by different crops.


157

[SAPP-18]

APPROACHES TO IMPROVE DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN CROPS

Manjubhargavi M1, Thanusha R2, Kavitha G3

Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupathi


Drought is one of the most serious production constraints for world agriculture.

Which is caused by insufficient rainfall and/or altered precipitation patterns (Toker

et al., 2007). There is a need to reduce the losses due to drought by improving

drought tolerance in crops. Drought is a complex trait controlled by a polygenes it

can be improved by both conventional and molecular breeding approaches. In

conventional breeding drought tolerance in the crops can be improved by directly

selecting for yield in drought environment , selecting the yield in both drought and

non drought environments and also by selecting the plant based on physiological

trait related to drought tolerance such as osmotic adjustment, root volume, stay

green character etc. Drought tolerance score and pod per plant can be good selection

criteria for improving seed yield per plant in chickpea for drought environment

(Kanouni et al.,2012). Both additive and non additive genes affected variation for

drought tolerance, but the influence of additive gene was more pronounced in

cotton, single plant selection in later segregating generations improve drought

tolerance (Iqbal et al.,2011). The drought selected introgression lines represent useful

genetic resource to develop improved cultivars in rice (Lafitte et al., 2006) and also

the physiological trait such as osmotic adjustment can contribute to drought

tolerance in maize crop (Claudio et al.,2006). The molecular dissection of drought

tolerance through identification of QTLs related to drought related traits, QTL

cloning, candidate genes from model plants, transcriptomics and functional

genomics can be used for improving drought tolerance. The yield under drought has

been successfully improved in rice varieties IR64 and vandana through marker

assisted backcross breeding approach and QTL introgression in several other

popular varieties is in progress (Kumar et al.,2014). Genome wide selection could

increase genetic gains per unit time for grain yield under drought (Ziyome, and

Bernardo 2013). Stress - inducible expression of AtDREB1A transcription factor

greatly improves drought stress tolerance in transgenic indica rice (Ravikumar et al.

2014). In conclusion it is essential to integrate crop physiology, genomics and

breeding approaches to dissect complex drought tolerance traits, understand the

molecular basis of drought tolerance and develop next generation crops.

158

[SAPP-19]

HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION FOR RESISTANCE TO

KALAHASTI MALADY, YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN

GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.)

Venkata Ramana E1, Vasanthi RP2, Hariprasad Reddy K3, Bhaskar Reddy BV4 and

Ravindra Reddy B5

1.2,4Regional Agricultural Research station, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

3,5S.V.Agricultural; College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India


Twenty one crosses produced during rabi 2010-11 in half diallel fashion excluding

reciprocals using seven genotypes were evaluated to study the heterosis and inbreeding

depression for kalahasti malady resistance, pod yield and yield attributing characters in

groundnut. The traits viz., number of primary branches per plant, pod yield per plant

and total phenolic compounds showed heterosis over better parent (heterobeltiosis)

while the traits viz., number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary

branches per plant, kernel number per plant, kernel yield per plant, harvest index,

SCMR, pod yield and total phenolic compounds showed heterosis over mid parent.

Kadiri 6 × Tirupati 3 for days to 50% flowering and day to maturity, Kalahasti × Prasuna

for number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per

plant, Tirupati 4 × ICG(FDRS) 79 for kernel number per plant and kernel yield per plant,

Narayani × Kalahasti for SCMR and cross combinations viz., Narayani × ICG(FDRS) 79,

Tirupati 4 × ICG(FDRS) 79 and Tirupati 3 × ICG(FDRS) 79 for tolerance to kalahasti

malady and Kadiri 6 × ICG(FDRS) 79 for pod yield were identified as best heterotic

cross combinations.


159

[SAPP-20]

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES ON GROWTH AND

YIELD OF JATROPHA CURCAS

Maheswara Reddy P, Krishna Reddy G, Prasanthi L and Giridhara Krishna T

Dept of Agronomy, SV Agriculture College, Tirupati.

A filed experiment was initiated during the year 2005 on sandy clay loam soils at

Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati to study the influence different

irrigation regimes on growth and seed yield of Jatropha curcas. The results obtained after

five years of planting (2010) revealed that Jatropha plants irrigated with 75% crop ET

level showed higher plant growth (294 cm), number of branches per plant (53), E-W

spread (210 cm), N-S spread (208 cm), number of capsules per plant (274), seed yield per

plant (463.3) and per hectare (9.58 q) as compared to control, 25% and 50% CPE levels.

160

[SAPP-21]

MASS MULTIPLICATION OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII FOR DEVELOPMENT

SICK PLOTS TO SCREEN GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM

Amaravathi Y*, Poojitha, Jhansi Rani, Vasanthi RP, Bhaskar Reddy BV, Reddi

Kumar and Giridhara Krishna T



S. rolfsii is a soil borne fungus with extensive host range of at least 500 species

belongs to 100 families. The most common hosts are the legumes, crucifers, and

cucurbits. S. rolfsii commonly occurs in the tropics, subtropics, and other warm

temperate regions. It is widely spread in tropics, subtropics, and other warm

temperate regions. It grows, survives, and attacks plants at or near the soil surface.

Before the pathogen penetrates host tissue it produces a considerable mass of

mycelium on the plant surface within a span of 2 to 10 days. Mycelium is sensitive to

low temperature and hibernates by producing sclerotial bodies. High moisture is

required for optimal growth of the fungus. Sclerotia fail to germinate when the

relative humidity is much below saturation. Mycelial growth and sclerotial

germination occur rapidly either in continuous light or in darkness. Sclerotium rolfsii

causes stem and pod rot disease in groundnut resulting in both yield loss and poor

quality produce. For screening ground nut germplasm lines in sick plots against

stem and pod rot fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, there is a need for mass multiplication.

This experiment aim at developing suitable method for mass multiplication of

sclerotium to apply to the soil and facilitates screening germplasm in sick plots (in-

situ) or sick pots (ex-situ). The PDA media prepared by adding 39 gm potato

dextrose agar per litre of water and autoclaved. The media reached around 40°C, it is

poured in to petriplates and inoculated with sclerotial bodies with the help of

forceps and incubated at 25±2°C. The pure culture of isolate of S. rolfsii raised in PDA

media was inoculated into the jowar seed meal in the conical flasks under aseptic

conditions in the laminar air flow and incubated at 27 + 3 0C. Three different

methods were employed to multiply the inoculum viz., 1. Jowar seeds soaked,

course grinded and soaked in 30% dextrose, 2. Jowar seeds soaked in 10% yeast

extract and incubated in conical flasksks after wet sterilization and 3. Jowar seeds

incubated in 10% yeast extract and incubated in autoclavable plastic bags. Method 1

and 2 resulted in uniform growth of the fungus and Growth of the fungus was slow

and most of the times observed rotten smell in method 3. Method 2 resulted in faster

multiplication (4 days early) of fungus and within 7days covered the seed meal in

the conical flask in comparison to method 1 which require 10 to 11 days and

therefore method 2 can be recommended for mass multiplication of S. rolfsii.


161

[SAPP-22]

EVALUATION OF CERTAIN TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS IN GROUNDNUT

PEST MANAGEMENT

Murali Krishna T, Devaki K, RamaKrishna Rao A, Suma K, Srividya PB, Pavana

Jyotsna and Areefa P

Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station,

Tirupati-517502 A.P

Groundnut is an important oilseed crop grown in Andhra Pradesh with major area in

Anantapur, Chittoor, Kadapa, Kurnool, Nellore, Prakasam and Vizianagaram districts of

Andhra Pradesh. It is mainly grown in rainfed conditions under resource poor

conditions. Farmers of the area cannot afford for costly inputs in management of insect

pests. Hence a study on Evaluation of different traditional practices was done in rainfed

alfisols during 2008-2010 for three seasons at Regional Agricultural Research Station,

Tirupati. Traditional practices like panchagavya, cow-dung urine extract, green chilli -

garlic extract, neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% along with untreated control were

evaluated against incidence of sucking pests like thrips, leafhoppers, defoliators such as

Spodoptera litura and groundnut leaf miner. Three years pooled data indicated that,

Neem seed kernel extract 5% was found to be effective in reducing thrips (9.20%) and

leaf hopper damage (5.06%). The damage in case of S.litura and GLM was low and there

was no statistical difference found among the treatments. In case of economics, highest

pod yield (2118 Kg/ha), added returns over control (Rs. 14815/ha) and B:C raio (3.3:1)

were recorded with NSKE 5% treatment. Other treatments like Panchagavya, green

chili- garlic extract and cow dung- urine extract were not as effective NSKE 5%. Many

constraints are involved in preparation of Panchagavya. Collection of by-products like

cow dung and urine from a single cow is a tedious process for preparation of

panchagavya and cow dung - urine extract. The present study revealed that, foliar

sprays of materials such as panchagavya, cow-dung urine extract and green chilli -

garlic extract are not as effective as neem seed kernel extract 5% in groundnut.

162

[SAPP-23]

DESIGNING OF AGRO TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING THE

PRODUCTIVITY OF EXPORT ORIENTED GROUNDNUT

Pratap B, Reddi Ramu Y, Sunitha N and Subramanyam D

Department of Agronomy, S.V.Agricultural college, Tirupati – 517 502 (A.P.)

Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2008 and

2009 on sandy clay loam soils of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, to develop

agro- techniques for enhancing the productivity and quality of export oriented

groundnut in Southern Agro climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh. Bold kernelled

(export oriented) groundnut cv. Bheema (TG-49) was tried during the study. The

results revealed that Pooled mean pod yield of groundnut was the highest with the

planting pattern of 22.5 x 10 cm (P1), which were comparable with 30 x 10 cm (P2)

and they were the lowest with 37.5 x 10 cm (P3). During both the years of study the

highest mean pod yield was recorded with application of 50% N each through

fertilizer and poultry manure (N3), followed by 100% N through poultry manure

(N2), 100% N through fertilliser (N1), with significant disparity between any two of

them and all of them were at their lowest with 25% N through fertilizer and 75% N

through poultry manure (N4). The ed mean pod yield was found the highest with

two hand weedings at 20 DAS and 40 DAS of groundnut (W1), which were

significantly higher than with the other weed management practices tried. The next

best practice was pre-emergence application of pendimathalin @1.0 kg a.i ha-1

followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAS (W2), which was in parity with post

emergence application of Quzilofop --p-ethyl @54 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS followed by

one hand weeding at 40 DAS (W3) and all the above mentioned crop parameters

were found the lowest with pre-emergence application of pendimathalin @1.0 kg a.i

ha-1 followed by post emergence application of Quzilofop -p-ethyl @54 g a.i ha-1 at 40

DAS (W4) during both the years of study. In conclusion, the study has revealed that

bold kernelled (export oriented) groundnut could be successfully grown in the

southern agro-climatic zone of Andhra Pradesh, with a promising and viable

package of agro techniques, comprising of sowing groundnut with planting pattern

of 22.5 x10 cm, supply of 30kg N ha-1 @ 50 per cent each through fertiliser and

poultry manure along with hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS, for obtaining

higher yield with better quality and remunerative monetary returns, without any

objectionable drain on the soil productivity status.

163

[SAPP-24]

A STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF ULTRA LOW VOLUME HERBICIDES FOR

WEED CONTROL IN TRANSPLANTED FINGER MILLET

(ELEUSINE CORACANA (L.) GAERTN)

Bhargavi B, Sunitha N, Reddi Ramu Y, Nagavani AV and Sudhakar P

Department of Agronomy , IARI, Pusa, New Delhi

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) is the most important small millet in tropics

particularly in Africa and Asia, providing nutritious food security. Uncontrolled weed

growth during crop period has significantly reduced the grain yield ranging from 34 to

61 per cent. Under this perspective, relying on herbicides may be the best choice for

timely weed control. However, increased consciousness about the chemical pollution of

soil and water has widened the scope for exploring the advantage of ultra low volume

herbicides such as sulfonyl urea group, which are very effective against wide range of

weeds in short time even at as low as few grams per hectare. The present investigation

entitled “Weed management in transplanted finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.)

Gaertn.)” was undertaken at S.V. Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati during kharif, 2013

to evolve a profitable weed management strategy. Among the weed ten different weed

management practices tried, the lowest density and dry weight of grasses, sedges and

broad leaved weeds along with higher weed control efficiency were associated with

pre-emergence application of oxyflourfen @ 0.1 kg a.i ha-1 fb azimsulfuron @ 20 g a.i ha-1

applied at 20 DAT and it was closely followed by pre-emergence application of

oxyflourfen @ 0.1 kg a.i ha-1 fb hand weeding at 20 DAT. Post-emergence application of

azimsulfuron @ 20 g a.i ha-1 was effective in suppressing the density and dry weight of

sedges and broad leaved weeds compared to chlorimuron-ethyl @ 5 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT.

The highest stature of growth and yield components, yield and economic returns of

finger millet were recorded with pre-emergence application of oxyflourfen @ 0.1 kg a.i

ha-1 fb azimsulfuron @ 20 g a.i ha-1 applied at 20 DAT which was on par with pre-

emergence application of oxyflourfen @ 0.1 kg a.i ha-1 fb hand weeding at 20 DAT.

However, the highest benefit: cost ratio was obtained with pre-emergence application of

oxyflourfen @ 0.1 kg a.i ha-1 fb azimsulfuron applied at 20 DAT.

164

[SAPP-25]

SCREENING OF CERTAIN GENOTYPES AGAINST THRIPS IN GROUNDNUT

Ramakrishna Rao A, Raja Reddy K1, Muralikrishna T, Sudhakar P, Devaki K and

GiridharaKrishna T

Institute of Frontier Technology

Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh

1Administrative office, ANGRAU, Hyderabad

ABSTRACT

The field experiment was conducted with 69 groundnut genotypes in a randomized

block design during kharif, 2011 and kharif, 2012 with three dates of sowing at S. V.

Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati, A.P.. The studies revealed that IVK-I-2007-I-16, K-

1814, K-1789, K-9, K-1811, TCGS-1114, TCGS-1137, TCGS-1218, TCGS-1274, TCGS-1043,

ICGV-07045, ICGV-06039, ICGV-07045, ICGV-00351, ICGV-07234, ICGV-87846, ISK-I-2011-16

and ISK-I-2011-14 were the resistant genotypes for thrips during Kharif season. The

resistance to thrips in these genotypes might be due to high leaf and stem trichomes,

more leaf thickness and dark green foliage. Some of the genotypes had the characteristic

features of wavy margin leaves and downward folding of the leaves, which contribute

to the restriction of thrips movement. The resistance in these genotypes was also

conferred due to high phenol content. High phenol content was observed in ICGV-94358

and high sugar content in TCGS-1114. These genotypes could be used as source of

resistance to thrips in groundnut. The studies also revealed that the use of cultivars with

resistance to thrips is one of the most promising alternative control.

165

[NEOP-1]

ROLE OF NANOPARTICLES TO IMPROVE ANTIMICROBIAL PACKING IN

FOOD INDUSTRY

Perapogu Sreevani1 and Perapogu Vinod Kumar2

1Lecturer in Botany, HOD Biotechnology, Dr. V. S. Krishna Govt. UG & PG College (A),

Visakhapatnam-13

2Research Associate, Rajiv Krishi Vignan Kendra, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.


Today, food packaging and monitoring are a major focus of food industry-related

nanotechnogy. Packaging that incorporates nanomaterials can be “smart,” which means

that it can respond to environmental conditions or repair itself or alert a consumer to

contamination and/or the presence of pathogens. Now a days there is wide range of

nanoscale applications for food & beverage packaging. Transparent plastic film (called

Durethan) containing nanoparticles of clay, the nanoparticles are dispersed throughout

the plastic and are able to block oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture from reaching

fresh meats or other foods. The nanoclay also makes the plastic lighter, stronger and

more heat-resistant. Kodak, best known for producing camera film, is using nanotech to

develop antimicrobial packaging for food products that will be commercially available

in 2005. Some of the companies developing other „active packaging,‟ which absorbs

oxygen, thereby keeping food fresh. Developing small sensors to detect food-borne

pathogens will not just extend the reach of industrial agriculture and large-scale food

processing. With present technologies, testing for microbial food-contamination takes

two to seven days and the sensors that have been developed to date are too big to be

transported easily. Research is going on towards developing biosensors that can detect

pathogens quickly and easily, reasoning that “super sensors” would play a crucial role

in the event of a terrorist attack on the food supply.


166

[NEOP-2]

STRATEGY FOR INTRODUCING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILE

INDUSTRY OF INDIA

M. Shiresha, D. Anitha

Department of Apparel and Textiles, College of Home Science, ANGRAU,

Saifabad-500004


Textile Industry is one of the oldest industries in India and considered as the backbone

of the country‟s economy, even then, it is lagging behind in competition among the

global textile players and losing its position because of traditional conservative culture

of the industry Thus industrial and technological revolution is directly needed in the

industry to stay competitive in the international market. Textile industry in the global

world is adopting more promising technologies to achieve functional and high

performance characteristics which include specialized coating, plasma based products,

smart/technical technologies and nanotechnologies. Nanotechnology has applications

across most economic sectors and allows the development of new enabling science. The

ability to see materials down to nanoscale dimensions and to control how materials are

constructed at the nanoscale is providing the opportunity to develop new materials and

products in previously unimagined ways. Nanotechnology has a great potential to

generate modern/ innovative products that could strengthen the economy and create

new trade opportunities for the global textile industry, consequently, strengthening the

economy of a country and resolving the major communal problems of the society.. The

aim of this paper is to discuss the current status of Indian Textile Industry and possible

application of nanotechnology in textiles followed by a strategy for transferring

conventional Industry of India into a nano-based textile Industry.


167

[NEOP-3]

NANO SCALE MATERIALS IN SOIL AND WATER REMEDIATION

Naveen Kumar B Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,

Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, Telangana


Nanotechnology is the design, fabrication and utilization of materials, structures,

devices and systems through control of matter on the nanometer length scale and

exploitation of novel phenomena and properties (physical, chemical, biological) at that

length scale in at least one dimension. With the many hi-tech functions of

nanotechnology, environmental remediation would seemingly prove an unlikely place

to find many applications of nanotechnology. However, the emergence of

nanotechnology presents a number of potential environmental benefits, both directly

and indirectly. A variety of nanomaterials are in various stages of research and

development, each possessing unique functionalities for treatment. Some nanoparticles

destroy contaminants, for instance, while others sequester them. The high surface area

and surface reactivity compared with granular forms enable the nanoparticles to

remediate more material at a higher rate and with a lower generation of hazardous

byproducts. Majority of field applications have utilized nano iron to remediate

chlorinated organic compounds, such as TCE. Unlike iron, aluminum and gold particles

are non-reactive or inert. Subsequently, they can only serve as base metals used in

conjunction with a catalyst coating. Despite the lack of reactivity, base metals have been

shown to increase the catalytic rates of the coating metal which enhances degradation.

Semiconductor photocatalysts act much in the same manner as traditional catalysts;

however, they obtain their energy from the absorption of light. A number of materials,

such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) act as

photocatalysts. Nanocrystalline Zeolites have the enhanced absorbency capacities of up

to 50% greater than those for micron-sized zeolites. Carbon-based Dendrimers are

hyper-branched polymers, effective in ultra-filtration of heavy metals.


168

[NEOP-4]

HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF NANOTOXICITY

Galla Rajitha* and Chandi Priya S

Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology

Sri Padmavathi Mahila VisvaVidyalayam, Tirupati-5170502, Andhra Pradesh


Nanotoxicology is emerging as an important subdiscipline of nanotechnology which

refers to the study of the interactions of nanostructures with biological systems for the

induction of toxic biological responses. The extensive application of nanomaterials in a

wide range of products for human use poses a potential for toxicity risk to human health

and the environment. Many of the nanoparticles may have toxic effects on cells.

Nanomaterials and nanodevices are being produced intentionally, unintentionally, and

manufactured or engineered by different methods and released into the environment

without any safety test. They can move freely as compared to the large-sized particles,

therefore, they can be more toxic than bulky materials. It has been previously reported

in pulmonary toxicity studies that lung exposures to nanoparticles (defined herein as

particle size < 100 nm in one dimension) produce enhanced adverse inflammatory

responses when compared to larger particles of similar composition. Surface properties

(particularly particle surface area) and free radical generation, resulting from the

interactions of particles with cells may play important roles in nanoparticle toxicity. In

vitro methods are commonly used for toxicity assessment of nanoparticles. Nanoparticle

risk assessment can be done with existing cytotoxicity methods, or with the

development of new test systems with new standards for a general in vitro toxicity

testing of nanoparticles.


169

[NEOP-5]

ETHICAL, LEGAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN

INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AGRINANOTECHNOLOGY

Viswanath Buddolla

Principal Investigator (SERB-DST), Department of Virology,

Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati – 517 502. India.


The word „nano‟ derives from Greek word „nanos‟, meaning „dwarf‟ „very small man‟

and the „Nanotechnology‟ is the next wonder after the internet and is referred to as the

third industrial revolution. Consciousness of nanotechnology has dramatically increased

in recent years among lawmakers, regulators, and environmental activists alike. The rise

of novel technologies continually forces us to ask whether our laws provide the proper

balance between protecting us from potentially harmful consequences of those

technologies, and allowing us to reap the benefits. The development of nanotechnology,

a molecular-precision manufacturing technology which is surprisingly close to

realization, will seriously challenge the capability of our regulatory system to respond

quickly and to continue the critical balance between dangers and benefits. Numerous

concerns have been raised by scientists, advocacy groups and the general public alike

that the specific properties of nanomaterials arising from their small size – the same

properties associated with their tremendous potential and numerous possible

applications and benefits – may lead to different interactions in humans at the cellular

level and with the environment. There is currently only limited knowledge available

regarding the potential health, safety, and environmental impacts of nanotechnology.

This presentation will explain the ethical, legal and social implications of

nanotechnology in India with special reference to agrinanotechnology.


170

[NEOP-6]

IMPACT OF NEW SEED BILL ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE

Madhan Mohan Reddy CH, Sreedhar M, Keshavulu K, Prasad TNVKV

Department of seed science & technology

College of agriculture, Rajendra nagar, PJTSAU, Hyderabad

The Seeds Bill seeks to regulate the production, distribution and sale of seeds. It requires every seller of seeds (including farmers) to meet certain minimum standards. The Standing Committee has recommended that farmers selling or exchanging seeds from other farmers be exempt from this requirement. The Bill has been pending since December 2004. The government has proposed new amendments to the Bill in April 2010 and November 2010, accepting most of the recommendations given by the Standing Committee.Proponents of the new Seeds Bill list a number of supposed deficiencies in the 1996 Seeds Act to be fixed, including, To make the registration of varieties obligatory (previously voluntary), Creation of a comprehensive National Register of Seeds, To regulate (make easier) the imports and exports of seeds,New regulations on GM crops, To improve market conditions for private seed companies. Compulsory registration of varieties, This is a significant change from the existing law, which sought to regulate the quality of only a limited number of varieties notified under the law. Now, however, any seed for sowing or planting cannot be sold unless it is registered.Provision for compensation to the farmer in case of seed failure has been made.The Bill proposes to emphasize the rights of the Farmers in conformity with the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers‟ Rights Act, (PPV & FR Act) 2001.The farmer will have the right to grow, sow, re-sow, save, use, exchange, share or sell his farm seeds and planting materials except when he sells such seed or planting material under a brand name. The Government will have the right to exclude certain kind or variety of seeds from registration to protect public order or public morality or human, animal and plant health or to avoid serious prejudice to the environment.Seed health has been added as an additional standard for quality seed.GURT (Restriction technology including terminator technology) has been prohibited. Any person intending to import seed or planting material will declare that such material is, or is not, as the case may be a product of transgenic manipulation or involves Genetic Use Restriction Technology.Provisions to regulate import and export of seeds have been largely incorporated into the Seeds Bill. Enhancement of penalties is proposed from Rs.500 / Rs.1000 with or without imprisonment in the Seeds Act 1966 to Rs.25,000/ Rs.5,00,000 with or without imprisonment. The official government line, when arguing in favour of this bill, is that "if we don't know who is selling the seeds, we cannot control their quality". This, of course, is the same argument used by the seed industry around the world. So this new law is being presented as a “consumer protection” act for farmers.Other problems cited with the billincludeConsolidation of the private sector, Introduction of GMOs, Centralising power and Prices. A public opinion has emerged on the fact that Seed Bill provisions are contradictory to the PPV & FR legislations and that the Seed Bill has been drafted to suppress the merits of PPV & FR Act, 2001.So far climate has been considered as the most unpredictable variable affecting the agricultural sector. But, the influence of global market forces, whose behaviour is always not amenable to prediction and control, has become another factor affecting the progress and well-being of farmers" says Justice P.A.Chowdary.

171

[NEOP-7]

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN OECD COUNTRIES

Naga Jyothi M* , Aparna B**, Shiney Israel K***

* Department of Soil & Water Engineering, CAE, Bapatla

** Department of Agricultural Economics, S.V Agricutural college, Tirupati

*** Department of MABM, S.V Agricutural college, Tirupati

Agriculture is the backbone of most developing countries, with more than 60% of the

population reliant on it for their livelihood. For developing countries the drive is to

develop drought and pest resistant crops, which also maximize yield. Nanotechnology

can improve our understanding of the biology of different crops and thus potentially

enhance yields or nutritional values. In recent years, there has been an increased interest

in the potential use of nanotechnology applications in agriculture and food sector.

Nanotechnology-enabled products can be broadly defined as products derived or issued

from materials at scales measuring less than 100 nm in at least one dimension.

Nanotechnology research and development have mostly focused on improving and

better delivering input use, from water to nutrients, nano-pesticides, and nano-

herbicides and Interesting applications include the use of nanoporous zeolites to slow

the release and increased efficiency of fertilizers, nanosensors to measure soil quality,

and smart delivery mechanisms for herbicides. The application of nanotechnology to the

agricultural and food industries was first addressed by a United States Department of

Agriculture roadmap published in September 2003. In agriculture and food, a wide

range of nanotechnology applications are being developed and commercialized with

different goals, ranging from improved food safety to reduced agricultural inputs,

enhanced packaging and improved processing and nutrition, and the potential to

promote sustainable agriculture to deliver better foods. More specifically a diversity of

agrifood products have been commercialized under research and development in OECD

countries. The present paper analyzes the growth of nanotechnology in the agriculture

and food sector in OECD countries. The paper shows that there has been research and

development effort in this area in OECD countries and that a number of commercialized

agri-food nano enabled products are available in these countries. As seen at the global

level, most commercially available nano products are related to food packaging and

food additives. Three main policy challenges are identified related to funding and

investment, risk governance, and public acceptance. Each of these interconnected

challenges underlines a number of ethical questions assuming the objective of safety

regulations to manage the risk of nano-enabled products. The success or failure of

communication efforts could also spread rapidly to non-OECD countries and impact the

future use of nanotechnology in food and agriculture.

172

[NEOP-8]

NANOTECHNOLOGY- BOON OR A BANE: A NANOTOXICITY PERSPECTIVE

Noor Nawaz1 AS, Basavesh KN1, Poornima R2 and Chaya S Patil1

1Department of Agricultural Microbiology, 2Department of Crop Physiology

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005.

Correpondence : [email protected]

Our knowledge about Nanoparticles though evolving fast, is only in its infancy.

Albeit, nanotechnology and its applications are encountered in every next industrial

processes as it has its use at present day situation. Be it biomedical, prosthetics,

household appliances, clothes etc, the exploitation of inorganic nanoparticles play a

major role. But unfortunately studies pertaining to their hazardous implications are

meager. Hitherto the evaluation of technology has received very less attention. Hence

the present analysis is intended to uphold the unprecedented impacts of

nanotechnology and nanoparticles that have on environmental and human health. The

use of inorganic nanoparticles such as ZnO, quantum dots, gold and iron oxides are

known to cause cellular cytotoxicity. Today science strongly urges that the technology

should be evaluated for its pros and cons which is alarming. The main focus on

nanotoxicity especially of cellular toxicity of nanoparticles is of important area as far as

safety is a future concern. Recent bioassays of nanotechnology itself attested as an issue

in cytotoxicity. A great number of nanoparticles and engineered nanoparticles are

widely studied which enter into the food chain posing the treat of biomagnification. On

the whole, the synergy among the researchers, technologist is essential to resolve

nanotoxicity through careful assessment. These issues to be dealt harmonically which

would otherwise implications of nanotechnology are elusive. After careful investigation

these nanomaterials must be allowed for further application in safe and controlled

manner for the benefit of mankind to be called this as boon.


173

[NEOP-9]

NANOPOLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT

Sailaja K, Chiranjeevi N, Khayum ahammed S, Anil kumar P,

Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R

Department of Plant pathology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati

Nanopollution is the introduction of nanosized contaminants in to the natural environment. Nano

Engineered nanoparticles are produced by Humans & are specifically designed for a specific

function (e.g. packaging coating, protection of radiation in sunscreens). When they are inhaled

nanomaterials have the potential to pass directly to the brain, and from the lungs into the blood

stream. Ingested nanomaterials pass from the gut into the blood stream. Nanoparticles cause

pulmonary injury, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, renal toxicity. Recently, severe

pulmonary fibrosis also noticed. The female population is particularly vulnerable and deserves

special attention because toxicity in this group may impact both female and fetal development.

Silver nanoparticles (though they are not toxic to humans), dissolve in water and release silver

ions (which are antibacterial). If silver nanoparticles are released into the environment, these

types of concentrated silver ion releases could devastate local bacterial populations, with drastic

consequences for the affected ecosystems. Many metal and metal oxide nanomaterials are

excellent catalysts. If these catalytic nanomaterials are released into the environment, they can

enable chemical reactions that generate toxic chemicals, such as free radicals or reactive oxygen

species (ROSs). One of these nanomaterials is titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is an excellent

photocatalyst. These reactive oxygen species are known to be harmful to many aquatic

organisms, including plankton and small fish. Nanopollution affects crop growth also. Nano-

cerium accumulated around the soybeans roots and stunted plant growth and the nodules aren’t

functional because of the cerium oxide. Nano-zinc allowed crops to absorb much more zinc than

plants grown in regular soil. They are taken by bacteria .Basic precautionary measures for

nanomaterials usage are choosing the right nanoscale materials is one of the key parameters for

the future direction of nanotechnology. Prohibit the untested or unsafe use of nanomaterials.

Conduct full life-cycle impact assessments as a prerequisite to commercialization. Assess

nanomaterials as new substances, since unique physical properties impart unique hazard profiles

.Facilitate full and meaningful participation by public and workers in nanotechnologies

development and control, assess the social and ethical impacts of nanotechnologies. Engineering

ethics need to be defined before the commercial use of nanotechnology. Risk assessment on new

nanomaterial based application is important to evaluate potential risk to our environment when

the products are in use. We have to act on early warnings to protect communities and workers.

174

[NEOP-10]

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN WATER PURIFICATION

Chaitra SP and Vakada Manasa

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka-580005.

Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Water is the most essential substance for all life on earth and precious resource for

human civilization. Reliable access to clean and affordable water is considered one

of the most basic humanitarian goals. Rapid industrialization and urbanization

leads to contamination of water. Advances in nano scale science and engineering are

providing unprecedented opportunities to develop more cost effective and

environmentally acceptable water purification processes. Nanomterials are well

suited for water purification, disinfection and wastewater treatment due to their

large specific surface area, high reactivity, high degree of functionalization, size

dependent properties, affinity for specific target contaminants. Membranes and

filters synthesized using nanomaterials have selective permeability, good flux rates,

increased durability, reliability in purification and reusability and thus are energy

saving and cost effective. Nanotech based technologies applied in water treatment

consists of reverse osmosis, nano filtration, ultrafiltration membranes. Which

involves nano scale filtration techniques adsorption of contaminants on nano scale

materials and degradation of contaminants by nanoparticle catalysts.

Nanotechnology is expected to deal more efficiently with contaminants which

conventional water treatments systems struggle to treat, including bacteria, viruses

and heavy metals


175

[NEOP-11]

ECOTOXICITY OF ENGINEERED NANOSCALE MATERIALS – AN

AGRICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Murali G, Nagamadhuri KV, Reddy PVRM, Giridhara Krishna T and Prasad

TNVKV*

Nanotechnology laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural

Research Station, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University,

Tirupati – 517 502, A.P.

*Correpondence: [email protected]

Nanotechnology – the technology of this millennium - a set of technologies which deals

with the materials at their lowest ultimate scale has gained much interest among the

scientific community in the recent past than anything before. Novel properties were

exhibited by the material when the size in at least one dimension falls between 1-99nm

with quantum confinement and with varied sizes and shapes. Synthetic route is one of

the determining factors of venue of application of any material. Interestingly, toxicity of

the engineered nanoparticles is of the major concern which limits their applications in

several sectors including agriculture. Several reports in the literature evidenced the

toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO2, Ag, MgO, Carbon nanotubes etc.,) in

the plant system even at lower applied doses (10ppm). One of the reasons for toxicity of

the engineered nanoparticles could be their toxic chemical coatings on their surface

coupled with the higher retention time in the biological system. Therefore, there is a

need of developing purposeful synthetic protocols for varied applications in biological

systems like plants. At present a number of avenues in agriculture require technological

refinement for enhancing productivity and quality. Nanotechnologies are one of the best

left out option to find some potential applications to solve critical issues in global food

security and agricultural sustainability.

mailto:*Correpondence:%[email protected]

176

[NEPP-1]

ENCAPSULATED PLANT EXTRACTS FOR ANTIBACTERIAL FINISH ON

CELLULOSIC TEXTILES

Pushpalatha K, Anitha D and Sharada Devi A

Department of Apparel and Textiles, College of Home Science, ANGRAU,

Saifabad-500004

Increasing global competition in textiles has created many challenges for textile

researchers. Novel finishes of high added value for apparel fabrics are also greatly

appreciated by the most demanding consumer market. An attempt was made in the

present study to finish cotton textiles with microcapsules from plant sources with

combination of gum sources to impart the antimicrobial finish. Microcapsules were

prepared with plant sources as a core material and gum sources as wall material at two

different concentrations. These microcapsules were scanned under Scanning Electron

Microscope (SEM) at 1600 to 8500 magnification. The size obtained was between 1.24μm

to 2.29 μm. Increase in gum per cent resulted in increased in size of microcapsule. Finish

was applied to woven and knitted textiles using pad-dry-cure method with curing at 35°

to 40°C. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by a modified qualitative test method

AATCC-147, 2004 for the growth inhibition and AATCC-30, 2004, for anti-fungal activity

against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli). Antibacterial

activity was found to be zero in both untreated woven and knitted fabrics. Among the

treated fabrics, periwinkle with all gum sources showed higher Zoi against E. coli over S.

aureus in both woven and knitted fabrics. Fabrics finished with microcapsules with 5 per

cent gum as wall material had high Zoi than their counter parts. Treated knitted samples

performed better than woven samples for all sources (Cassia ariculata, Punica granatum,

Catharanthus roseus with combination of Guar gum, Gum acacia and Bhagavati gum).

177

[NEPP-2]

NANOTECHNOLOGY: PARADIGM SHIFT IN PERSPECTIVE OF NEW

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IMPACTING FOOD VALUE CHAIN


1Deptartment of Livestock Production Technology, Govt.Veterinary Polytechnic College,

S.V. University, Garividu, Vizayanagaram

2Department of Marketing & Supply Chain Management, School of Business &

Management Studies, Central University Of Himachal Pradesh, District: Kangra,

Himachal Pradesh


Food is the primary need of human being which is the outcome of different agricultural

activities. An opportune time as agriculture is facing several challenges driven by

climate change, degradation and depletion of land and water resources, use of food for

fuel, and ever-increasing human population. Nanotechnology as „new technology for

existing problem‟ is being seen as future hope; during this challenging period, it is

important for us to engage all stakeholders in constant dialogue in order to make the

offering of Bio-Nanotechnology commercially viable. Amalgamation of this

Nanotechnology‟s product as offering to the market needs process innovation and

product innovation. These changes present both opportunities and challenges to

industries like food processing, pharmaceuticals, agro-industries, etc. The potential of

new technology certainly reconfigure the processes involved in product development,

reconfiguring the entire supply chain impacting food value chain. Nanotechnology

based products and the firms making these products should be considered as a sun

rising industry having huge untapped potential thus envisaging a tremendous growth

potential. The Nanotechnology based industry in India can play a decisive role in

augmenting the value addition in the agri-food supply chain.


178

[NEPP-3]

KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE KJ194599 NANOPARTICLES AS A NEW

NANOBIOSORBENT FOR REMOVAL OF PB (II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Patricia Raj Kumari J1, M Nagalakshmi Devamma*

Dept. of Virology1, Dept. of Botany*

S.V. U College of Sciences, S. V. University, Tirupati.


Klebsiella pneumoniae resisted growth in higher concentration of heavy metal cation lead

invitro, isolated from soils of Barite mines chosen to be applied as a nanosorbent for lead

metal cations removal with pursued metal adsorption studies before and after

adsorption to the nanosorbent, standardized the parameters ph, contact time, adsorbent

dose optimal for adsorption instrumented with ICP-OES, Nanoparticle characterized

with AFM, EDAX, FTIR as well.


179

[NEPP-4]

CLIMATE CHANGE AND BREEDING APPROACHES IN CROPS FOR

CHANGING CLIMATE

Kavitha G1, Manjubharghavi M2, Thanusha R3

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College , Tirupati

Authors email id : [email protected]

Climate change refers to the change in the long term weather pattern mainly due to the

increased levels of carbondioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). The

current climate change scenarios demand adaptation to temperature increases, changing

amounts of available water, climatic instability and increased frequency of extreme

weather events, and rises in sea level and saline intrusion in the coastal zones. In

response, the scientists are working on gene discovery and improving plant tolerance

for heat, drought, and submergence. This work should be expanded to consider the

basic energy and water efficiency of plants improving their photosynthetic capacity and

reducing evapotranspiration. Vanaja et al. (2010) studied response of seed yield and its

components of redgram (Cajanus cajan L ) to elevated CO2 and found improvement of

total biomass by 91.3%, grain yield by 150.1% and fodder yield by 61.7% under elevated

CO2. Drought tolerant groundnut varieties were developed in groundnut by pedigree

method.(Upadhaya et al. 2005). Heat tolerant rice varieties were developed in rice by

wide hybridization.(Jagadish et al 2005). Singh et al. (2013) have reported that salinity

tolerance, drought tolerance, submergence tolerance varieties in rice (Oryza sativa L)

were developed through molecular assisted breeding. Vu et al ( 2012) developed salinity

tolerance in rice ( Oryza sativa L ) by marker assisted backcrossing (MABC). Shewan et al

(2004) proposed a novel nitrous oxide mitigation strategy by expressing nitrous oxide

reductase from Pseudomonas stutzeri in transgenic tobacco plants. Virus resistant musk

melons were developed by recombinant DNA technology (Sultana et al 2014). Integrated

biotechnological approach has developed water efficient and drought tolerant maize in

Africa. Strategies to overcome climate change includes policies to facilitate land use and

timing of farming operations, adopting improved climate resilient varieties and crop

management, forecasting and managing pests and diseases, improved water and

nutrient management. Reorienting the plant breeding programme and use of advances

in genomic genomic technologies and bioinformatics offer good opportunity to meet

challenges of climate change.


180

[NVOP-1]

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF

CITRATE AND CINNAMOMUM VERA EXTRACT MEDIATED NANOSILVER

IN RATS

Sreevani P1, Adilaxmamma K2, Alpha Raj M2, Eswara Prasad P3, Prasad TNVKV4

1Dept. of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science,

Tirupati

2Dept. of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science,

Proddatur

3Dept. of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati

4NanotechnologyCenter, Institute of Frontier Technology, RARS, Tirupati

Cinnamomumveraextract (CVE) mediated nanosilver (CVNS) and citrate mediated

nanosilver (CNS) were comparatively evaluated for their wound healing activity in

excision, incision, and dead space wound models in rats against CVEt and povidone

iodine treatments. Green synthesis with CVEyielded nanosilver particles of 1 to 100 nm

in diameter. CVNS showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.09μg/mL against

Staphylococcus aureus. CVNS, CNS, CVE and povidone iodine treatments were evaluated

in eachexcision, incision and dead space wound models. CVNS showed significantly

(P<0.05) higher percentage of wound contraction (97.9%) and shortest period of

epithelialization (19.8 days) with complete re-growth of hair in excision model.

Histopathologically, mild cellular infiltration with angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation

and thick collagen deposition were also observed. Both CVE and CVNS significantly

(P<0.05) increased wound breaking strength in incision model. In dead space model, the

granulation tissue in CVNS treatment had significantly (P<0.05) increased content of

hydroxyproline, hexosamine, protein and vitamin C. Further, catalase activity increased

with a reduction in lipid peroxide content. In conclusion, CVNS exhibited rapid wound

healing and stabilization compared to povidone iodine and CNS treatments suggesting

its application in therapeutic management of wounds.

181

[NVOP-2]

EFFECT OF NANO ZINC FEEDING IN ANIMAL PERFORMANCES

Partha Sarathi S1, George Dominic2, Bhakthavatsalam KVS3

1, 2 Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal,

Haryana-132001

3Dairy Economics Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-132001


When the particle size of Zinc (Zn) is in the range of 1- 100 nm called as nano Zn (nZn).

Nano ZnO (nZnO) has been reported to enhance growth performance, improve the feed

utility and provides good economical profit weanling piglets (@500 mg/kg) and

promotes the production performance and dressing performance of broilers (@40

mg/kg). In subclinical mastitis cows, nZn reduced somatic cell count and improved

milk production than other larger ZnO sources. nZn, as feed supplement, in dairy

animal can increase the milk production as well as supress sub-clinical mastitis by

strengthening the immunity. Supplementation of nZnO is been reported to improve the

growth of ruminal microorganisms, increase the ruminal microbial protein synthesis

and raise the energy utilization efficiency in early phase of incubation in vitro. nZn can

be used in the semen extender to improve the quality of the semen. nZnO is having

bactericidal effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and also effective

against high temperature and high pressure resistant spores. Antimicrobial formulations

comprising nZnO can be used as an effective bactericidal agent in animal practices

without the fear of antibiotic resistance and residues. Along with this nano Form of Zn is

highly bioavailable, so these can be used at lower doses and can provide better result

than the conventional Zn sources thus indirectly prevents environmental contamination.


182

[NVOP-3]

USE OF NANO MINERALS IN DAIRY INDUSTRY

Srinivasa Rao D

ILFC, College of Veterinary Sciences,

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI- 517 502. A.P.


Minerals play a vital role in improving milk production and increasing profits for dairy

farmers. The bioavailability of minerals in a particular source is determined relative to

its functional availability from a standard source. Several technologies were adopted to

increase the bioavailability of the minerals; nano mineral is one among them. The

information about the effect of utilization of nano minerals in dairy industry is scanty.

Nano minerals improve bioavailability due to increase in the surface area. In ruminants

nano-Se supplementation in basal diet improved rumen fermentation and feed

utilization by stimulating the rumen microbial activity, digestive microorganisms or

enzyme activity. Supplementation of nano zinc drastically reduced somatic cell count in

subclinical mastitis cow with increased milk production. The scope of application of

nano minerals for tracking the animals in estrus, to study the causes of abortion, to

prevent retained placenta and other reproductive problems after calving and for

improving infertility problems are to be explored. Nano minerals could be useful

feeding strategies for enhanced milk production, reproduction and profits in dairy

farming. However, use of nano minerals in dairy farming is immense, the safety aspects

of application to be addressed before being utilized in dairy rations.


183

[NVOP-4]

COMBATING BACTERIAL RESISTANCE - pGlo PLASMID TRANSFORMED

ESCHERICHIA COLI HB 101 K-12 A NOVEL MODEL FOR SCREENING

AGAINST β-LACTAMASE RESISTANCE

Alpha Raj Ml, Muralidhar Y1, Sravanthi Mannem2, Shoba T3, Sirisha P4, TNVKV

Prasad5, Adilaxmamma Kl, Anand Kumar P6

1Dept, of Veterinary Pharmacologv and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science,

Proddatur, A.P., India.

2 Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur,

India.

3 Food Science, London Metropolitan University London, UK, United Kingdom, MSc

scholar, food science, london metropolitan university london, UK.

4Division of Pathologv, Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Hyderabad, India

5Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of frontier technology, Regional Agricultural

Research Station, Tirupati

6Department of Veterinary Microbiologv, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur,

India.


We Present pGLO plasmid transformed Escherichia Coli 1-1B 101 k12 as novel model for screening antimicrobial agents against Beta-lactamase resistance. The transformation was effective through heat shock. The genes coding for beta lactamase (-bla) and glow fluorescent protein (GFP) were expressed by growing on luria bertani (LB) agar containing ampicillin (amp) and arabinose (ara). Successful transformation and induction of antibiotic resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics was confirmed by observing growth in the presence of UV light. A transformation efficacy of 100 cells per microgram of pGLO plasmid was achieved. Both untransformed and transformed were used for screening citrate mediated nanosilver (CNS), Aloin mediated nano silver (ANS), I I alpha keto beta Boswellic acid (AKBA) mediated nano silver (BNS), nano Zinc Oxide (NZO), nano manganese oxide (NMO) and phytochemicals such as aloin and AKBA. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for aloin, AKBA, NMO and NZO was performed by micro plate method using para iodo nitro tetrazolium (INT) as indicator. All compounds used in the study were effective against transformed bacteria except MNM and AKBA. Transformed exhibited reverse cross resistance being more susceptible for aloin than untransformed bacteria. ANS showed highest antibacterial activity with a MIC of 0.32 ppm followed by BNS (10.34 ppm), CNS (20.64 ppm) and NZO (34.83 ppm). In conclusion, pGLO plasmid can be used to induce resistance against beta lactam antibiotics and the model can be used for rapid screening for new antibacterial agents effective against resistant bacteria.


184

[NVOP-5]

DOPING OF EDIBLE COATINGS WITH NANOMATERIALS AND THEIR

EFFECT ON QUALITY AND SAFETY OF MEAT- A REVIEW

Bhagath YB*1 and Manjula K2

1&2Food Technology division, Department of Home Science, College of Sciences, Sri

Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.

*Author for correspondence: Email: [email protected]

Nanotechnology in food sector is a frontier approach in this decade; especially in the case of food the research is limited due to the consumer safety and regulations. Present the research in food nanotechnology has been speed up and significant changes in world trade scenario was observed in nanotechnologically processed foods. Edible coatings are a polymeric compounds used for the formation of coat/film which have direct contact with the foods. These edible films/coatings can be doped with nanomaterials for their effective action against microorganisms to keep the foods safe for a long time. Silver nanoparticles, silver zeolite (Approved by FDA for food use), chitosan nanoparticles, starch nanoparticles, clay nanoparticles and cellulose based nanofibres are good example in this way, because with its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and potential barrier properties. Several researchers have been tried to utilise these nanoparticles in edible coating systems. In the way of constructing a unique edible coatings, researchers have been attained several problems in the dyanamics/kinetics of nanoparticles, correlation and structural arrangement between the nanoparticles and coat forming agents. Four types of nanoparticles, that is an unmodified montmorillonite, an organically modified montmorillonite, a nano-silver, and a silver-zeolite to chitosan based nanocomposite films showed good mechanical and barrier properties. In the case of meats/flesh foods, fabrication of nanocomposite edible coatings/films is in base level because meats are highly perishable, penetration and release of nanoparticles into the meat substrate is not yet well understood. In the same manner, more research findings on structural, functional and chemical properties of nanomaterials and meats together must be discovered to develop potential nanocomposite edible coatings. Nanoparticles have unique, different physical and mechanical properties. Silver nanoparticles has broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity against various strains of bacteria, fungi and some viruses also. With this applications several researchers has been tried to utilise these nanoparticles in edible coating systems. In the way of constructing a different edible coatings researchers have been attained several problems in the dyanamics and kinetics of nanoparticles as the same time correlation between the nanoparticles and coat forming edible polymers. Present a limited number of researchers have been tried to fabricate edible coating solution with nanoparticles for the preservation meats. Research in applications of nanoparticles and fibres in construction of edible coating/films is limited in the case of meats because of several obstacles and health hazards associated with nanomaterials and meat physicochemical properties are not well suited to the these type of coatings.


185

[NVOP-6]

EVALUATION OF AMELIORATING EFFECT OF PHYTOGENIC NANOSILVER IN

AFLATOXICOSIS IN BROILERS

Ravi Babu, G1., Srilatha, Ch2., Sujatha, K2., Srinivasuslu, D3., Adilaxmamma, K4., Prasad,

TNVKV5*., Alpha Raj, M4.

1 Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Polyclinic Complex, Kurnool – 518

002 (AP) INDIA.

2 Department of Veterinary Pathology, 3 Department of Veterinary Microbiology College

of Veterinary Science, Tirupati – 517 502 (AP) INDIA

4 Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur –

516 360 (AP) INDIA

5 Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional

Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati – 517 502 (AP) INDIA


This study was aimed at evaluating the ameliorating effect of phytogenicnanosilver in

aflatoxicosis in broilers. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out by maize

(Zeamays) leaf extract. The nanoparticles were 40-50nm in diameter with a purity of

83.3%.120 Male broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups. Group I served as

control and groups II, V and VI were fed aflatoxin (AFB1) @ 2 ppm in diet. In addition,

groups V and VI were supplemented with nanosilver @ 25 and 50 ppm respectively

through water. Groups III and IV served as controls for nanosilver@ 25 and 50 ppm

respectively. Feeding of aflatoxin in group II resulted in decreased body weight, feed

consumption, and higher FCR. The PCV, Hb, were reduced with an increase in

heterophil, eosinophil counts and decreased lymphocyte counts. Total protein and

albumin was also reduced and AST was increased. Significant increase in TBARS and

decrease in GSH was found in liver. Significant gross and histopathological lesions were

observed in group II. Maximum AFB1 content was found in group II (8.62 ± 1.05) with a

significant (P<0.05) decreasein groups V (3.26 ± 1.05) and VI (3.41 ± 0.50). Treatment

with nanosilver in groups V and VI could significantly reverse the damage of AFB1.

However, nanosilver controls III and IV also revealed damage in several organs.


186

[NVOP-7]

INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION ALONE RESULTS IN

BIOAVAILABILITY OF NANOSILVER: A PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY IN

MURRAH BUFFALOES

Siva Manohar Rao V1, Adilaxmamma K2, Alpha Raj M2, Eswara Prasad P3, Prasad

TNVKV4, Dilip Reddy G2

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati,

2Dept, of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, India

3Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati,

India4Nanotechnology Centre, Institute of Frontier Technology, RARS, Tirupati, India,

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of citrate mediated nanosilver (CNS) was carried out in

eight male murrah calves, which were randomly divided into two groups. Silver nano

particles synthesized were 77.97 nm in size, irregular and spherical in shape with

uniform distribution. Invitro safety evaluation was performed using MTT assay in

mouse spleenocytesbefore the study. CNS was administered at 7.3 micro gram/Kg

through intra-venous (i.v) route in Group 1 and through intra-muscular (i.m) route in

Group 2. Whole blood samples were collected at time intervals of 0, 0.067, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8,

12, 16, 24 and 36 h. The samples were subjected to acid digestion in microwave sample

digester for quantification of nanosilver and other metals like calcium, manganese,

sodium and potassium by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy.

In i.v route, the whole blood nanosilver concentrations could not be fit into any

compartmental model. Hence, non-compartmental analysis was used to determine

various pharmacokinetic parameters. In i.m route, pharmacokinetic analysis could not

be performed as there was no systemic absorption. Nanosilver exhibited significant

interactions with calcium (p<0.01) and manganese (p<0.01). Since nanosilver exhibited

unpredictable pharmacokinetics, erratic redistribution, long resident time, slow

elimination rates and considerable interactions with other metals, it is conluded that

CNS is not suitable for systemic administration either through i.v or i.m route.

187

[NVOP-8]

PROSPECTS OF ANIMAL & VETERINARY NANO TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA:

AN OVERVIEW

Hina Ashraf Waiz1, Sunita Pareek2 and Barkha Gupta2

1Department of Livestock Production Management

2Department of Physiology and Biochemistry

College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Udaipur, Rajasthan

Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science

Correspondence:[email protected]

In the last decade nanotechnology emerged as technology that is promising.It has

potential to revolutionize agriculture and livestock sector. It can provide a new tools of

molecular and cellular biology, biotechnology, veterinary, physiology, reproduction and

genetics etc., that will allow researchers to handle DNA, proteins or cells in minute

quantities usually nanoliters or picolitres. Nanotechnology has potential to solve many

problems related to animal health, production, reproduction, prevention and treatment

of diseases. This paper explores the developments of nanotechnology research that will

revolutionize animal health and help to boost up livestock production.

188

[NVOP-9]

NANOTECHNOLGY: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TOOL TO COMBAT

MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

Uday Sankar Allam

Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524003, Andhra

Pradesh, India


Infections have been the major cause of disease throughout the history of human

population. Infectious diseases still remain the second leading cause of death

worldwide. With the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought that this problem should

vanish. However, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics/drugs led to the evolution of

multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens. Nowadays, about 70 percent of the

bacteria that cause infections in hospitals are resistant to at least one of the drugs most

commonly used for treatment. The situation in India is particularly worrisome, given the

indiscriminate use of antibiotics, and inconsistent standards of medical care. Two recent

studies (U. P. Rathnaker et al. J. Clin. Diagn.Res. 6, 951–954, 2012, and A. Kotwani et al. J.

Clin. Pharm. Ther. 37, 308–312; 2012) have highlighted the magnitude of this problem.

Nanotechnology in the recent years has been a highly promising field of research and

hence has occupied centre stage in the modern era of scientific research. Recent

advances in nanotechnology enabled to engineer nanoparticles with desired

physicochemical properties, which have been shown as a new line of defense against

many MDR bacterial pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

Acinetobacter baumanii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

aureus and others. This brief report focuses on the recent developments in the

applications of the nanoparticles to fight against the MDR bacterial pathogens.


189

[NVOP-10]

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LANSOPRAZOLE LOADED

NANOSPONGES

Priyanka KS, Sai Lakshmi BNS, Nagaraju R

Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology,

Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati. 517502


The present study involves the preparation and evaluation of lansoprazole loaded

nanospoges by Emulsion solvent diffusion method using ethylcellulose and pluronic F-

68 as polymers, Poly vinyl alcohol as a surfactant, dichloromethane as a solvent.

Lansoprazole is proton pump inhibitor drug with short half-life 1.5 hrs and extentively

degraded in acidic pH conditions.The prepared nanosponges (six formulations

NSI,NSII,NSIII,NSIV,NSA,NSB) were evaluated for percentage yield, incorporation

efficiency, particle size, porosity, drug polymer compatibility (IR study, DSC study),

scanning electron microscopy and in-vitro drug release. The % yield and % entrapment

efficiency was found to be best for NS II formulation as 59.56% and 95.78% respectively.

Scanning Electron Microscopic studies confirmed their porous structure with number of

nanochannels. The FTIR spectra showed stable character of Lansoprazole in mixture of

polymers and revealed the absence of drug polymer interactions. The drug release was

also found to be extended upto 10 hrs.These best formulated nanosponges were

incorporated in to enteric coated tablet dosage using cellulose acetate phthalate as

enteric polymer. Further these were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness,

friability and dissolution studies.As per the IP limits the results were found to be

satisfactory. The drug release profiles of prepared enteric coated lansoprazole loaded

nanosponge tablet are compared with the marketed product which is a capsule filled

with enteric coated pellets. The disimilarity factor (f1) and similarity factor(f2) was

found to be 85 and 14 respectively and which clearly indicate that they are not similar

and proven to be better than the marketed formulation .The data obtained in this study

suggests that nanosponges of Lansoprazole are promising for sustained drug delivery,

which can reduce dosing frequency.


190

[NVOP-11]

PHYTOCHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED NANO SILVER PARTICLES USING

BOSWELLIC ACID HAS POTENTIATED ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INDUCED MURINE MASTITIS

Muralidhar Yegireddy1, M Alpha Raj1, TNVKV Prasad2, K Adilaxmamma1, G

Srinivasarao3, Ch Srilatha4

1Dept, of vet.pharmacology and toxicology, college of veterinary science, proddatur,

India. 2Department of Nano biotechnology, Regional Agricultural Research Station,

Tirupati, India 3Dept, of veterinary pharmacology and toxicology, NTR college of

veterinary science,Gannavaram, India,4Department of veterinary pathology, College

of veterinary science, Tirupati, India

[email protected]

This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of phytogenically

derived 11-alpha-keto-beta-boswellic acid mediated nanosilver particles

(KBAAgNPs), prepared by reduction of silver nitrate with 11- alpha-keto-beta-

boswellic acid, in staphylococcus aureus induced murine mastitis. A total of 40

female mice were divided into five groups of eight animals each. Group I served as

lactating control, group II-V were inoculated with 20 microliters of 24 hour broth

culture of S.aureus containing 4.0xl05cfu/quarter under ketamine anesthesia using

Hamilton 33G blunted needle. After 6 h post inoculation, groups III and IV received

20 microliters of 11-alpha-keto-beta-boswellic acid nanosilver through intramammay

and intraperitoneal routes respectively. Group V received antibiotic cefepime at 1

mg/kg body weight through intraperitoneal route. After 18 h posttreatment, weights

of mammary glands, mammary gland bacterial load, serum C reactive protein,

thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content, reduced glutathione content,

superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity and histopathology were

determined. The compound showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.91

micrograms per milliliter against S.aureus. Significant reduction (95 percent) in poly-

morpho nuclear cell infiltration was observed with KBAAgNPs than antibiotic (50

percent).


191

[NVOP-12]

SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES-A CHALLENEGING NOVEL DRUG

DELIVERY SYSTEM

Sandhya Rani J* and Vidyavathi M

Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam,

Tirupati, A.P


Nanotechnology is rapidly expanding research area, encompassing the development

of man-made materials in nanometer size range. Nanoscale drug delivery system

using various nanomaterials is emerging technology for the rational delivery of

many therapeutic agents. Formulation scientists are facing the challenges such as

poor solubility and bioavailability of the newly invented drugs. Solid lipid

nanoparticles are sub-micron colloidal carriers ranging from 50 to 1000 nm, which

are composed of physiological lipid, dispersed in water or in aqueous surfactant

solution. Solid lipid nanoparticle or liposphere or nanosphere system is the most

feasible particulate carrier system. SLN technology represents a promising new

approach to deliver hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs. This system offers added

advantages in comparison to other related particulate drug delivery systems. The

ability to incorporate drugs into nanocarriers offers a new prototype in drug

delivery that could be used for secondary and tertiary levels of drug targeting. The

present review emphasizes on various basic and applied aspects of solid lipid

nanoparticles in novel drug delivery system especially techniques involved in their

production, characterization and various applications. If appropriately investigated,

solid lipid nanoparticles may open new vistas in therapy of complex diseases.


192

[NVOP-13]

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING PROPERTIES OF

NANOSILVER AND PHYTOGENIC NANOSILVER IN WISTAR RATS

Aparna Reddy N1, Eswara Prasad P2, Padmaja K3, Adilaxmamma K4, Alpha Raj

M5, Prasad TNVKV6.

1Dept. of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati 2 Professor, Dept. of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati

3 Associate Professor, Dept. of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science,

Tirupati. 4Professor, Dept. of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of

Veterinary Science, Tirupati. 5 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Veterinary Pharmacology &

Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur 6 Scientist, Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Frontier Technology, RARS, Tirupati

Green plants possess a variety of bioactive constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids,

tannins, terpenoids and saponins which possess wound healing properties. The

reducing properties of the bioactive constituents have been exploited in the synthesis of

silver nanoparticles. In the present study, ethanolic extract of stem bark of

Boswelliaovalifoliolata have been used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (phytogenic

nanosilver). The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the wound

healing potential of nanosilver and phytogenic nanosilver in wistar rats. The rats were

divided into five groups i.e., Group 1 treated with 0.9% normal saline (control), Group 2

with 1% povidone iodine solution (Standard), Group 3 with silver

nanoparticles(AgNPs), Group 4 with B.ovalifoliolatabark ethanolic extract and Group 5

with phytogenic nanosilver. In each group the wound healing activity was evaluated in

three different wound models i.e., excision, incision and dead space wound models.

Significant (P<0.05) increase in percent wound contraction, skin breaking strength and

decrease in period of epithelialization, lipid peroxidation was observed in animals

treated with phytogenic nanosilver compared to control. Further a significant (P<0.05)

increase in biochemical parameters viz, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, protein content

and antioxidant parameters viz, catalase and vitamin C confirmed wound healing

potential of phytogenic nanosilver. Histological section of granulation tissue of

phytogenic nanosilver showed mild cellular infiltration with increased of number of

mature angioblasts and fibroblasts and with increased amount of thick collagen

deposition. Thus, in conclusion better wound healing properties of phytogenic

nanosilver may be due to the additive effect of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-

inflammatory properties of bioactive constituents of plant and silver nanoparticles.

193

[VSOP-1]

ENVIRONMENTALLY CONTROLLED DAIRY HOUSING SYSTEM - A NOVEL

APPROACH

Ravindra Reddy Y

Department of Livestock Production Management

College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur-516360, Y.S.R. Kadapa District


Climate change can affect the productivity and economic viability of the Livestock Production Systems. High ambient temperature affects particularly high yielding, low disease resistant and low heat tolerant crossbred population than the indigenous livestock. In the present scenario, the commercial dairies with high yielding animals are increasing at a faster pace on one hand and the environmental temperatures are soaring year by year. The control of microclimate in the shed helps in exploiting the maximum potential of the animals. To mitigate the adverse effects of extreme weather events, technologies suitable to local conditions and modifications in housing of animals, managemental and feeding practices need to be designed for future. An integrated approach was made in the model project on the “Environmentally Controlled Housing for Dairy cattle “designed at Dairy Experimental Station, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati. The various components of the designed model installed are 1.Free stall system 2. Rubberized Mattress 3.Cooling Pads 4.Exhaust Fans 5.Automatic Bowl Water drinkers 6.Automatic Concentrate dispenser system7.Control unit containing temperature sensor 8.Water tank (outside the shed) for recirculation of water 9.Drinking water tank 10.Feed bin A housing system was designed to sustain the productivity of high yielding animals giving due consideration to orientation, effective cooling systems (Exhaust fans + Cooling Pads), reducing feed and labour requirements (Automatic Bowl Water drinkers and Automatic Concentrate Dispenser system) besides the control of the temperature and humidity inside the shed. Depending The microenvironment around the animal needs to be modified to a greater extent to reduce heat load on the animal besides making the animal more comfortable by providing free stall system for each animal to lie down. The automatic concentrate feeding and water system helps to reduce the labour costs. The Rubberized mattress laid the shed helps to reduce the injuries to udder besides reducing the slipping of animals and resulting in injuries in high yielding animals.

llustration: I Model of Environmentally controlled Dairy housing system


194

[VSOP-2]

BINDING MECHANISM OF LUPEOL COMPOUND WITH HUMAN

SERUM ALBUMIN

Monika Kallubai1, Aparna Rachamallu2, Daniel Yeggoni3, Rajagopal

Subramanyam1*

Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad,

National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500046, India;


Lupeol a phytocompound, possesses beneficial effects like anti-inflammatory and anti-

cancer properties. Binding of lupeol to plasma protein such as human serum albumin

(HSA) is a major determinant in the disposition of drug. Cytotoxic studies with mouse

macrophages (RAW 246.7) and HeLa cell lines revealed an anti-inflammatory and anti-

cancer effects and also reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS

induced macrophages. The fluorescence quenching of HSA was observed upon titration

with different concentrations of lupeol and the binding constant found to be 3 ± 0.01x

104 M-1, with binding free energy of -6.59 kcal M-1. Molecular displacement studies based

on competition with site I-binding phenyl butazone (which binds site I of HSA) and

ibuprofen (which binds site II) suggest that lupeol binds in site II. Molecular docking

studies also confirmed that lupeol binds to the IIIA domain of HSA. Secondary structure

changes was observed upon formation of HSA-lupeol complex by circular dichroism

spectroscopy, and stability of complex was observed through Molecular dynamics

simulations.


195

[VSOP-3]

BIODISTRIBUTION AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF SESBANIA MOSAIC VIRUS

(SeMV) IN MICE

Vishnu Vardhan GP1, Koteswara Rao G1, Hema M1*, Savithri HS2 and

Murthy MRN3

1Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.

2Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru.

3Department of Molecular Biophysics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru.


Nanoparticles intrinsically have varying biological behaviors dependent on their size,

composition, surface chemistry which can greatly influence the deposition, toxicological

nature and clearance from the body. Viruses (viral nanoparticles; VNPs) are excellent

examples of naturally occurring nanomaterials because of their regular geometries, well-

characterized surface properties, and uniformity of size. A variety of nanoparticles are

being developed for biomedical applications including viral nanoparticles (VNPs)/

virus-like particles (VLPs), but very little is known about their biological behavior in vivo

and these studies are very crucial for the design and development of a triumphant bio-

nanoparticle. The biodistribution and clearance of Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV), a plant

icosahedral virus was analyzed in mice following oral and intravenous (IV) inoculations

(500 μg orally, 100 μg intravenously). Fecal samples collected from orally administered

mice showed the presence of SeMV CP till 16 hours post administration (hpa) by

western blot analysis. RT-PCR analysis of blood RNA showed the presence of SeMV

RNA till 72 hpa in both oral and intravenous routes, and till 72 hpa in intravenously

administered liver and spleen total RNA. To check the toxicity of SeMV VNPs, doses of

100 mg and 200 mg/kg body weight orally, 20 mg and 40 mg/kg body weight

intravenously were used and no visibly concerned clinical signs were observed (0-45

days). There was no significant difference in the body weights of animals and

biochemical parameters. Histology studies of tissue samples showed no major changes

in the tissue morphology. The results demonstrated that SeMV is safe, compatible and

can act as a promising nanoparticle for biomedical applications.


196

[VSOP-4]

OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN BPA

TREATED CHICK EMBRYOS

Sravani J1, Padmaja K1, Eswara Prasad P1, Srilatha Ch2

1Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, 2Department of Veterinary Pathology

College of Veterinary Science,

SV Veterinary University, Tirupati.

A study was conducted on the toxic effect of Bisphenol-A (Environmental pollutant) on

oxidative stress induced histopathological changes in chicks during embryonic

development. Four groups of eggs were incubated; group 1 served as control and

received 10µl of distilled water on 11th day of embryonic development. Groups II, III and

IV were treated on 11th day with 10 ul of 100 µM, 250 µM and 500 µM concentrations of

BPA respectively. The embryos were sacrificed after 24 and 48 hours of treatment to

collect the liver and brain tissues for estimation of Thiobarbituric acid reacting

substances (TBARS) and for histopathological studies. The results showed a significant

dose dependent increase in TBARS after 24 and 48 hours in both liver and brain tissues.

Significantly high TBARS level was observed after 24 hours compared to 48 hours. The

decreased percentage of induction in TBARS after 48 hours may be due to high capacity

of protective pathways. In histopathological sections, degenerative, necrotic changes

with mononuclear cell infiltration, congestion, proliferation of fibroblasts and focal areas

of karyorrhexis are prominent in liver which may be due to significant induction of

oxidative stress. Neuronophagia, satellitosis, extensive demyelinating changes,

proliferation of the capillaries, perineuronal vacuolation was observed in brain of BPA

treated chick embryos. These results implied that exposure to BPA progressively

increased the intensity of these degenerative changes such as increased dilation and

congestion of sinusoids and central vein and hydroponic degeneration with focal array

of hepatic cords. Vacuolation of hepatocytes as ballooning degeneration observed after

48h interpreted as a kind of cellular defensive mechanism against injurious substances.

Histopathological changes observed are due to induction of ROS and disruption of

balance between ROS and antioxidant defense system. It was concluded that BPA

exposure induced oxidative stress and caused damage to liver and brain tissues during

embryonic development in chicks.

197

[VSOP-5]

INFLUENCE OF MEAT PARTICLE SIZE ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF

RESTRUCTURED MUTTON SLICES

Bhaskar Reddy GV, Sen AR1, Sudhakara Reddy K, Kondal Reddy K, Madhava

Rao T and Kondaiah N1

Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science,

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030

1 National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad-500 092

The influence of meat particle size on quality characteristics of restructured mutton

slices (RMS) processed by hot-set binding system was evaluated. The treatments

were T1 (RMS formulated with 0.5 cm particle size), T2 (RMS formulated with 1.0

cm particle size), T3 (RMS formulated with 1.5 cm particle size) and T4 (RMS

formulated with 2.0 cm particle size) and the remaining ingredients are same for all

treatments. The developed RMS were analyzed for physico-chemical, proximate,

textural and sensory characteristics. T1 had significantly (P<0.05) highest cooking

yield, batter stability, water-holding capacity than remaining formulations. Highest

per cent diameter shrinkage (14.44) was observed in T4 than other formulations. T1

showed significantly (P<0.05) more protein extractability values than big particle

size (T2, T3 and T4) formulations. Meat particle size significantly (P<0.05) influenced

various proximate composition (moisture, protein and fat) of RMS. Meat particle size

significantly (P<0.05) influenced the chewiness values of RMS. T1 and T2 had

significantly (P<0.05) less chewiness and hardness, more cohesiveness and

gumminess than T3 and T4. T1 rated significantly (P<0.05) superior sensory scores

compared to remaining formulations. Among all treatments, T1 showed highest

quality characteristic than remaining formations.

198

[VSOP-6]

KNOWLEDGE ON POULTRY FARMING OFCOMMERCIAL POULTRY

FARMERS OF ANDHRAPRADESH

Harilal R

Department of Veterinary Extension, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati 517502

Andhra Pradesh


An expost facto research design followed in the present investigation for which 120

commercial poultry farmers ( 60 layer + 60 broiler farmers) of Rangareddy, Chittoor and

East Godavari districts were selected randomly to study the impact of Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) on farming performance of commercial poultry

farmers. The data pertaining to dependent variables viz. ICT utilization and farming

performance and independent variables collected with the help of a pre-tested interview

schedule developed for the purpose. After collection of data, farmers were divided into

three groups based on type of flock i.e. layer farmers, broiler farmers and total farmers

for better analysis and presentation of results. Majority of layer farmers (55.00%), broiler

farmers (58.33%) and total (56.67%) farmers were in medium category of knowledge on

poultry farming.


199

[VSOP-7]

SARCOPTIC MANGE IN A PERSIAN CAT

Revathi P1*, Bharathi B2, Syaama Sundar N3, Sivasudharsan L4

College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati 1Veterinary Medicine, TVCC 2Veterinary Surgery, TVCC

3Department of Veterinary Medicine 4Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, TVCC


A two year old Persian cat was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clincal Complex

with the history of itching and alopecia over pinna of both the ears. Microscopic

examination of skin scrapings revealed heavy infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei mites. The

cat was treated with injection Ivermectin at the rate of 200µg/ kg body weight

subcutaneously. Improvement was noticed on 7th day. Moderate skin lesions were still

persisted and ivermectin was repeated on 7th and 14th day along with supportive

therapy. Complete recovery of lesions was noticed after three weeks along with absence

of mites on microscopic examination.


200

[VSOP-8]

CLINICO – HEMATOLOGICAL STUDIES ON BOVINE LYMPHOSARCOMA

IN CROSSBRED CATTLE

Sujatha K, Vinod Kumar N1, Venu R2, Nalini Kumari N3 and Srilatha Ch

Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati – 517502

1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, C.V.Sc, Tirupati, 2Department of Veterinary

Parasitology, C.V.Sc, Tirupati, 3Department of Veterinary Medicine, C.V.Sc, Tirupati.

Thirty crossbred cows and calves (aged about 6 months to one year) were belongs to

Kalki Trust, Varadhaiahpalem of Chittor district. As per history, two cows were died

suddenly. On clinical examination of crossbred animals both cows and calves in the

farm revealed emaciated body condition, pale conjunctival mucous membrane, dullness

and swollen superficial lymphnodes. Fever was not observed in all these animals, but

they were severely infested with ticks. Randomly blood samples were collected from

cows and calves into EDTA vials for hematological examination. Hematology revealed

Hb: 7g%, PCV: 23%, WBC: 17.4 thousand/µl, in differential count Lymphocytes: 89%

and Neutrophil: 11%. Blood smears of all these animals revealed neoplastic lymphoblast

cells. Morphologically, all these lymphoblast cells were big in size with large

hyperchromatic nuclei and nucleolar prominence with scanty basophilic cytoplasm. The

hematological values of calves and cow indicated anemia, mild to moderate leukocytosis

and severe lymphocytosis (majority lymphocytes are neoplastic blast cells). In the

present study, clinical signs and the hematological values suggest that all these animals

were positive for Bovine lymphosarcoma (Bovine leucosis).

201

[VSOP-9]

A RETROSPECTIVE LABORATORY DATA (2010-2014) ON PARASITISM IN

DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK AND WILD ANIMALS IN AND AROUND TIRUPATI

Venu R, Amrutha D, Srinivasa Rao K, Rama Devi P and Ramya V

Dept. of Veterinary Parasitology

College of veterinary science, Tirupati-517 502, A.P

The aim of this paper is to establish the parasitic infection/ infestation in domestic

livestock and wild animals in and around Tirupati, A. P. over a period of five years, i.e.,

from January 2010 to December, 2014. The laboratory data were collected from the by

screening the suspected clinical samples presented to department of Veterinary

Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati for diagnosis of parasitic

infection/infestation. A total of 993 feacal/dung samples, 524 blood smears and 38 skin

scrapings from different species of animals (cattle, buffaloe, sheep, goat, dog, poultry,

horse, elephant, rabbit and deer) were screened following standard protocols. The

laboratory results revealed that, 341 (34.34%) positives for various parasitic infections

out of 993 feacal samples were observed. Similarly 43 (8.21%) positives out of 524 for

blood smears examined, 13 (34.21%) out of 38 for skin scrapings were found to be

positive for parasitism. Results showed that, Amphistome, Moniezia spp., Toxocara

vitulorum, Strongyle spp., Trichuris ovis, Dipylidium caninum and Ancylostoma eggs; and

Cryptosporidium spp., , Eimeria spp., oocysts and Balantidium coli cysts were detected in

feacal samples. The blood smears were positive for Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata,

Anaplasma marginale, Trypanosoma evansi, Babesia gibsoni and Ehrlichia canis. Regarding,

skin scrapings Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes spp. and Demodex canis were observed. In

conclusion, parasitic infection/infestations were prevalent in domestic livestock in

around Tirupati, hence, proper preventive measures to be implemented.

202

[VSOP-10]

EFFECT OF MYCOTOXINS ON SERUM ENZYMES IN POULTRY

Ashok Kumar Devarasetti*, Vasili Ashok*, Purushotham Rao G**

*Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar,

Hyderabad, Telangana State.

**Department of Anatomy, C.V.Sc, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.


Mycotoxins are a diverse family of secondary metabolites produced by various genera

of fungi. Mycotoxins cause a serious hazard to livestock health and poultry productivity.

It is estimated that approximately 25% of all food commodities produced on earth are

contaminated by mycotoxins (Harris., 1998). The fungi that produce mycotoxins can

contaminate the feed during production, processing, transport and storage. The poultry

industry has an important role in the Indian agricultural economy. It is facing heavy

economic losses due to mycotoxins in poultry feed. Citrinin and Fumonisin were

produced from Pencillium citrinum and Fusarium monliforme respectively, and both

were quantified using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The toxins citrinin @ 50

ppm and fumonisin @ 10 ppm were mixed in broiler feed to attain required

concentrations. Four diets for broilers were prepared Diet 1 – Basal diet, Diet 2 – Basal

diet + citrinin and fumonisin, Diet 3 – Basal diet + citrinin and fumonisin + activated

charcoal (0.4 %) and Diet 4 – Basal diet + citrinin and fumonisin + activated charcoal +

lyophilized yeast (0.1 %). On diet 2 containing citrinin and fumonisin, the biochemical

profile revealed elevated serum enzyme activities of AST, ALT, ALP and GGT

indicating Liver toxicity and increased serum creatinine and BUN recorded indicates

toxicity to kidney. The birds on Diet 3 containing citrinin and fumonisin and activated

charcoal (0.4%) recorded that, the serum AST, ALT, ALP GGT were markedly improved

and serum creatinine, BUN and serum uric acid levels were moderately improved when

compared to diet 2. The birds fed on diet 4 recorded the serum enzymes like AST, ALT,

ALP and GGT in the liver nearer to control group (diet-1) indicating that activated

charcoal and lyophilized yeast had a complimentary effect in ameliorating the combined

toxic effect of citrinin and fumonisin.


203

[VSOP-11]

DETECTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TOXIN GENES BY

MULTIPLEX PCR

Radhika B1*, Vinod Kumar N2, Lahari L2 and Sudheer Babu G2

1State Level Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Tirupati. AP-517502.

2Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of veterinary science, Tirupati.

The present study was aimed to screen the faecal samples collected from enterotoxaemia

suspected lambs in and around chittoor district. The lambs were of age group of one to

three months. The samples collected aseptically were processed and inoculated into

Robertson‟s cooked meat medium and thioglycollate broth and incubated anaerobically

at 37°C for 24 hrs. The bacterial lysate of 24 hours broth culture from clinical samples

used for the detection of Clostridium perfringens toxin genes by multiplex PCR. Out of 33

samples tested, 24(72.72%) were positive for Clostridium perfringens out of which

amplification of only alpha toxin gene was observed in 12 samples indicating presence

of Clostridium perfringens type A, amplification of alpha and beta toxin genes was

observed in 4 samples which indicated the presence of Clostridium perfringens type C,

amplification of alpha and epsilon toxin genes was observed in 8 samples which

indicated the presence of Clostridium perfringens type D. The amplified PCR product size

of alpha, beta and epsilon toxin genes were 324bp, 198bp and 655bp respectively.

Further these 24 positive samples were attempted for the isolation by culturing and only

15(62.5%) isolates were found which indicates low sensitivity of the culturing for

isolation when compared to multiplex PCR.

204

[VSOP-12]

COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF PCR WITH CONVENTIONAL CULTURAL

METHODS IN DETECTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN LIVESTOCK

PRODUCTS

Chinta Siva Swetha1*, Angalakuditi Jagadeesh Babu2, Thirtam Madhava Rao3, Enumula

Kumar4

1Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of

Veterinary Science, Tirupathi-517 502. 2Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Public

Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddutur. 3Associate Dean,

College of Veterinary Science, Proddutur. 4Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary

Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Karimnagar.

Listeria monocytogenes has been recognized as an important emerging food borne pathogen due to its widespread distribution in nature. Though conventional culture method continues to be an official method for the detection of L.monocytogenes, it takes 4-5 days for isolation and consequent confirmation of L. monocytogenes in food stuffs. Hence, there is a need to develop reliable and rapid methods for detection of L.monocytogenes from foods. The present study was undertaken to standardize PCR assay for detection of L.monocytogenes and Listeriolysin O from livestock foods and compare its efficacy with conventional cultural methods. A set of primer derived from iap gene and other set derived from hlyA gene were used for detection of L. monocytogenes and Listeriolysin O in the PCR assay. The PCR assay was initially standardized by optimizing the concentration of the components of the reaction mixture and by annealing temperatures and cycling conditions for two sets of primers. Electrophoresis analysis revealed the specific amplification products at 131 bp and 456 bp respectively for iap and hlyA. Three different template preparation methods viz. genomic DNA extraction, heat lysis and lysis buffer methods were compared to determine the most sensitive, rapid and simple method suitable for PCR technique. Desired amplification products were obtained with all three template preparation methods, but genomic DNA extraction and heat lysis method gave specific product with good intensity, where as lysis buffer resulted in lesser intensity. In this study, heat lysis method was employed as it is simple, rapid, reliable and the efficiency was comparable to genomic DNA extraction method. The specificity of the standardized PCR assay for the two primers was tested by subjecting 8 isolates including L.monocytogenes and seven other non-Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. Only L.monocytogenes isolates gave specific product of 131 bp for iap and 456 bp for hlyA genes respectively. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was evaluated by subjecting serial 10-fold diution of pure culture of L.monocytogenes from 4.0X107 cfu/ml to 4.0 cfu/ml to PCR assay with two sets of primers. The minimum detection level was found to be 4 cfu/ml. Four different broths i.e. two non-selective and two selective broths were evaluated to assess their PCR compatibility using four different treatments for concentrating the target organism. Two non-selective broths (BHI and TSB) produced bands in all four treatments, but they were found as light. Among selective broths, LEB gave very bright bands to treatment-1 and 2 and bright bands to other treatments whereas PALCAM medium gave bright bands to treatment-1 and 2, and gave light bands to other two treatments. Out of 200 naturally contaminated samples ( 25 of milk, 15 of ice cream, 10 of dairy farm water, 25 each of pork, pork swabs, chicken, chicken swabs, fish, fish swabs samples) screened for L.monocytogenes (iap) and Listeriolysin O (hlyA), PCR gave 23 positive results. The present study also suggests the need for improving food safety through the implementation of hygienic measures at all levels from production to consumption with particular emphasis on ready-to-eat food items which require no further heat treatment. In conclusion, PCR was found to be a suitable test for screening of food samples for L.monocytogenes in a rapid way. Overall sensitivity of PCR was higher than cultural method and amenable to automation. Quite a significant percentage of food samples were found to be contaminated with L.monocytogenes. This indicates measures for improving the hygienic practices.

205

[VSOP-13]

LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SAHIWAL COWS ON GROUNDNUT

HAULM BASED COMPLETE DIET

Praveen kumar Reddy K1, Ravindra Reddy Y2, Suresh Babu D3 and Suryanarayana

MVLN4

Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science,

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati.

An experiment was conducted to find out the lactational performance of Sahiwal cows

by feeding complete diet (RII) containing groundnut haulms and concentrate mixture at

50:50 level and conventional diet (RI) containing concentrate mixture, green jowar and

paddy straw individually to 12 Sahiwal cows divided into two groups of six each for 60

days during the early stage of lactation. The average milk yield, 4% FCM milk yield, Fat,

SNF , DMI per kg milk yield and 4%FCM yield, cost per kg milk yield and Cost per kg

4%FCM Yield were calculated. On comparison no significant difference among lactation

traits was observed between conventional (RI) and complete diet (RII) except protein per

cent. The cost per kg milk yield with complete diet (RII) was lower when compared to

conventional diet (RII).

206

[VSOP-14]

STUDY ON ANTIBIOGRAM FOR COMMON MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED

FROM BOVINE MASTITIS MILK SAMPLES

Lahari Laddika1*, Vinod Kumar N1, Radhika B2 and Sudheer Babu G1

1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati,

2State level animal disease diagnostic laboratory, Tirupati, AP – 517 502.

The present study was aimed to isolate and identify the microorganisms and their

antibiogram from clinical mastitis cases. A total of 103 bovine milk samples were

received in and around chittoor district to our state level animal disease diagnostic

laboratory, Tirupati to assess the incidence of mastitis. All the samples were collected

from clinically affected cows with mastitis. Out of 103 milk samples, a total of 68 isolates

were isolated which includes 50(73.52%) of Staphylococcus, 8 (11.76%) of Candida,

3(4.41%) of Aspergillus, 5(7.35%) of Pseudomonas, 1(1.47%) of E.coli and Streptococcus as

per standard protocol. Staphylococcus aureus occupied prime position in Bovine clinical

mastitis. All the positive isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test in Muller

Hinton agar plates as per standard protocol. A total of 10 commonly using antibiotics

were used in this study. Different forms of susceptibility and resistance pattern were

obtained from each isolates of different microorganisms. Out of 68 isolates, 34(50%)

isolates were highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, 23(33.82%) isolates were moderately

susceptible to Chloramphenicol and 15(22.05%) isolates were least susceptible to

Ceftriaxone. However, all the 68 isolates were showed higher resistance against

Penicillin, Amikacin, Gentamicin and Streptomycin. In our present study, most of the

isolates showed multidrug resistance against commonly using antibiotics in milk

samples, it may result in serious health problem in human as well as animals. Hence,

indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be reduced in farm animals.

207

[VSOP-15]

INTESTINAL PARAMPHISTOMOSIS IN SHEEP –CASE REPORT

Pavan Kumar C, SyaamaSundar N, Praveena G, Chaitanya Kishore J

Department of Veterinary medicine

College of Veterinary Science,Proddatur, 516 360 (A.P) India

Immature forms of amphistomes located in proximal portion in large number will result

in acute deaths in case of small ruminants especially during late winter and

earlysummer months (march-April ).Mortality was observed in sheep flocks with a

history of blackish diarrhoea, sub mandibular edema and dehydration. Faecal samples

were found to be negative for parasitic ova. Post mortem examination of dead sheep

revealed ascites and proximal portion of duodenumshowed severe congestion and

thickened mucosa .Duodenal scrapings examined under microscope revealed numerous

immature paramphistomes.Haematological and bio chemical parameters were analysed

in ailing sheep. Ailing sheep were treated successfully with Niclosamide @ 100 mg/kg B

wt and other supportive therapy. Detailed case study will be discussed.

208

[VSOP-16]

ANCHYLOSTOMOSIS IN A MONGREL DOG ----- A CASE REPORT

Praveena G1 , Syaama Sundar N, Pavan Kumar C

Department of Veterinary medicine,

College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur-516360(A.P) India

A Mongrel dog of 4 months age was presented to college hospital with the history of

bloody diarrhoea, vomition, inappetence since 3 days. On clinical examination,

temperature -102.3°F, pulse: 130/min, respiration rate: 32/min and severe dehydration.

Haematological parameters revealed PCV-22% and Hb- 6 gm%. Faecal sample was

scanned by using Scan vet kit ( INTAS) and found negative for canine parvo viral

disease and faecal examination revealed positive for Anchylostomes . The dog was

treated with inj- Ivermectin @ of 200 ug/ kg.b.wt, inj-Ferritas-0.5 ml I/M, inj-Perinorm

0.5 ml I/M, inj-DNS-50 ml I/V. Supportive therapy with B- complex injection (B1, B6,

B12) and advised syrup- Sharkoferol daily 5 ml-BID. After 2 days the dog started

recovering and complete recovery was noted after a period of 10 days.

209

[VSOP-17]

C →T VARIATION IN TLR2 GENE AND MASTITIS SUSCEPTABILITY IN

BOVINES

Prebavathy T, Thanislass J, Lydia D, Ganesan R and Mukhopadhyay HK

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research,

Puducherry – 605 009, India.

The objective of this study was to understand the association between one of the SNPs

reported in the TLR2 gene of cattle and bovine mastitis. Allele Specific-PCR (AS-PCR)

was developed for the detection of C→ T variation reported at 2010 mRNA position and

reported to be responsible for change in amino acid present on the LRR-functional

domain of TLR2 gene. Fifty well characterized mastitis cases in terms of California

Mastitis Test, bacterial culture and PCR, and fifty age-matched controls confirmed to be

free from mastitis were selected from Puducherry region, India. DNA was isolated from

blood samples of the above animals. AS-PCR was performed with the custom designed

primers and genotypes determined. The genotypes detected were further confirmed by

sequencing and sequence analysis which had proved the efficiency of AS-PCR

developed for the detection of above SNP in TLR2 gene. Statistical analysis of

association between genotypes detected with the cases and control resulted in the

identification of association between genotype CT for SNP C→T at 2010 mRNA position

(p=0.0006) with the mastitis. Odds Ratio (OR) analysis with 95% confidence intervals

(CI) further confirmed significant (OR=5.76; 95 % CI=2.07-15.97) association between the

CT (C→T at 2010 mRNA position) heterozygous genotype and mastitis susceptibility.

210

[VSOP-18]

EFFECT OF COW URINE ON LIVER MICROSOMAL ENZYMES IN RATS

Rashmi R*, Jagadeesh, Sanganal S and Shridhar NB

Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU,

Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka.

Deoni cow urine was evaluated for its effect on pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in

wistar rats. Five groups with ten males and ten females were separately administered

with distilled water (control), Chloramphenicol 100 mg/kg i.p, Phenobarbitone sodium

80 mg/kg i.p, cow urine 0.25 ml/kg p.o, cow urine 0.5 ml/kg p.o for seven days. After

30 min of last dose treatment pentobarbitone sodium 35 mg/kg i.p was administered to

all groups except group III and sleeping time was recorded. After 24 h of last dose

treatment pentobarbitone sodium 35 mg/kg i.p was administered to group III and

sleeping time was recorded. The pentobarbitone sleeping time significantly increased in

treated (Group II, IV and V) compared to their respective control group. This can be

attributed to the inhibitory effect of cow urine on liver microsomal enzymes. Length of

sleeping time after pentobarbitone administration is inversely related to the rate of drug

metabolism.

211

[VSOP-19]

INFLUENCE OF EARLY WEANING ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

OF SOWS

Sravanthi V, Suresh babu D, Anitha A, Asha latha P and Eswara Rao.

Department of Livestock Production Management, Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana Project,

NTR College of veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University,

Gannavaram, 516102.

The influence of weaning age on the reproductive performance of sows was studied in

three weaning age groups such as group 1(25days), group 2 (40days) and grpup

3(56days) of Large White Yorkshire piglets. 6 sows were selected in each group. The

onset of oestrous in group 1,2 and 3 were 39.75 ± 0.34 days, 47.83 ± 0.28 days and 61.67 ±

0.19 days respectively in the increasing order after farrowing. The conception rate in

group 1 sows was 66.6% when compared to group 2 and group 3 in which it was 100%

.The oestrous behaviour was exhibited in the form of lordosis, mounting and

restlessness. 66% of sows in group 1 and 100% of sows in group 2 and 3 exhibited the

oestrus behaviour and conception was also observed in the same order.

212

[VSOP-20]

AVAILABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF INFORMATION

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AMONG DAIRY FARMERS IN

CHITTOOR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH.

Triveni G,

Dept. of Vety & A.H Extension, C.V.Sc, Tirupati.

Rapid growth of information communication technology (ICT) and introduction of ICT-

enabled information services provide ways to improve information dissemination to the

knowledge intensive agricultural sector and also help to bridge the information gap

existing among the group of farmers. The study was conducted to assess the

opportunity for using ICT, infrastructure availability, utilization and accessibility of ICT

among the dairy farmers of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh for Animal Husbandry

purposes. This study is based on primary data collected from a sample of 120

respondents (30 respondents per division from all the four divisions of chittoor

district), using random sampling, to assess the accessibility of ICT and secondary data

collected from various sites to assess the availability of ICT. Digital opportunity Index

(DOI) was used to find out the availability of ICT in the state. Frequency, cumulative

square root frequency and Percentage were used to analyze the accessibility of ICT

among the dairy farmers. Findings reveal that availability of ICT in the state based on

DOI was 0.33 and Chittoor District lies in category of economies with medium DOI

scores. Majority of respondents (61.25%) had medium accessibility to ICT whereas

(38.75%) had low accessibility to ICT.

213

[VSOP-21]

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SODIUM ALGINATE IN

LOW FAT CHEVON PATTIES

Indumathi J

Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary science,

Tirupati – 517 502.

Study was conducted to determine the levels of sodium alginate while developing low-

fat chevon patties. Low fat chevon patties(<10% total fat) made with sodium alginate

added at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 percentages. The effects of their incorporation on physic-

chemical properties and sensory quality of low fat chevon patties compared with control

patties with 20% vegetable fat was studied. Incorporation of sodium alginate

significantly (p<0.05) increased emulsion stability (ES)and water holding capacity

(WHC) of meat emulsion with highest values at 0.75% sodium alginate level. The low

fat chevon patties containing 0.25% sodium alginate showed significant(P<0.05) increase

in tenderness, overall acceptability scores and marginal increase in juiciness, flavor and

color scores as compared to the other sodium alginate levels. Sodium alginate at 0.25%

was found preferable to develop low fat chevon patties with better sensory quality.

214

[VSOP-22]

HAEMAPHYSALIS SPP. INFESTATION IN A RESCUED LEOPARD (PANTHERA

PARDUS)

Venu R, Rama Devi P, Arun SP*, Nasreen A** and Preethi M


*S. V. Zoological Park, Tirupati

**DEPT. Of Veterinary Pathology

College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati-517 502, A. P.

India is well known for its endangered and rare wildlife in all over the world. Parasitic

infections constitute one of the major problems in both captive and free ranging wild

animals causing even mortality. Ticks are the main ectoparasites infesting domestic and

wild animals. Apart from causing anaemia they also act as vectors for many pathogens.

In this paper tick infestation in a wild rescued leopard was reported. One year old

rescued female leopard was presented for post-mortem examination to College of

Veterinary Science, Tirupati. History revealed that, the leopard was rescued from the

nearby forests of Ananthapur district of Andhra Pradesh and brought to Sri

Venkateswara Zoological Park, Tirupati and kept in an isolated cage. On examination

the leopard showed multiple wounds on various body parts, poor condition, anorexic,

anaemia and recumbent in position. The animal did not respond to treatment and died

after three days. During post-mortem examination, pale mucous membranes were

observed. Further, the animal body particularly at ears and inner canthus of both eyes

infested with numerous ixodid ticks. The ticks were collected in 70 percent alcohol and

processed for their identification. Based on the morphological characters the ticks were

identified as Haemaphysalis spp. To the author‟s knowledge this is the first report

regarding the tick infestation in wild leopard from this area.

215

[VSOP-23]

GENETIC PARAMETERS OF EGG QUALITY TRAITS IN TWO STRAINS OF

JAPANESE QUAILS

Punya Kumari B*, Ramesh Gupta B and Gnana prakash M

Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517 502, India


The data generated on total of 1218 eggs collected consecutively for three days at 16

weeks of age from 202 Black and 204 Brown Japanese quails were utilized in the present

study to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters among external, internal egg

quality traits and quality indices. The data generated on egg quality traits was subjected

to least squares analysis (Harvey, 1979) to study the effects of strain, generation and

hatch and the data adjusted for generation and hatch effects was utilized for estimation

of genetic parameters (Becker, 1985). All the egg quality traits investigated were

significantly influenced by one or the other effects of strain, generation and hatch. The

overall least squares means for egg weight (EW), egg length (EL), egg width (EWD),

shell weight (SW), shell thickness (ST), albumen length (AL), albumen width (AWD),

albumen height (AH), albumen weight (AW), yolk diameter (YD), yolk height (YH),

yolk weight (YW), yolk fan colour (YFC), shape index (SI), Albumen index (AI), Yolk

index (YI) and Haugh unit score (HUS) were 13.63 g, 33.85 mm, 26.76 mm, 1.14 g, 0.21

mm, 42.63 mm, 33.45 mm, 5.04 mm, 7.95 g, 24.53 mm, 11.43 mm, 4.53 g, 5.66, 79.18, 0.13,

0.47 and 60.09, respectively. The estimates of heritabilities were low to moderate for

external (0.07 to 0.32) and internal egg quality traits (0.12 to 0.51) and low to high for

quality indices in Black Japanese quails. Heritability estimates for external egg

quality traits in Brown Japanese quails varied from 0.06 to 0.38; while the estimates for

internal egg quality traits ranged from 0.13 to 0.65. Most of the estimates for egg quality

traits were within the range of moderate to high and suggested the existence of sizeable

genetic variability for exploitation by appropriate selection procedure. The genetic,

phenotypic and environmental correlations of EW with other external egg quality traits

(EL, EWD, SW and ST) varied from -0.09 to 0.95, 0.01 to 0.87 and 0.17 to 0.85,

respectively, in Black strain. The genetic correlation of EW with EWD was 0.61 in Brown

strain, whereas the phenotypic correlations were found to be positive but varied from

low to high (0.10 to 0.84) in magnitude. Majority of the traits studied were secondary

and dependent on the major trait of the egg weight. Hence, any selection programme

aimed to alter egg weight would automatically modify the associated traits as correlated

response to selection.

216

[VSOP-24]

MICROSTRUCTURE OF PINEAL GLAND IN ADULT SHEEP (OVIS ARIES)

Raju NKB, Gopikrishna B, Reddy Dhyana V, Supriya B and Bhagyalakshmi J

Department of Veterinary Anatomy

College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati – 517 502

The study was conducted on six adult sheep and the tissue pieces were procured from

the local abattoir at Tirupati. The tissue pieces were fixed in Bouin‟s fluid and 10%

neutral buffered formalin and processed for routine processing technique. The tissue

sections were stained with H&E, Toluidine blue, Gomori‟s trichrome and Vonkossa

stains. The gland was encapsulated by thin capsule and unlobulated. The parenchyma

consisted of two types of cells. The pinealocytes and interstitial cells were abundant in

medulla than cortex. The mast cells were also noticed. The parenchyma predominantly

consisted of collagen and reticular fibres. The calcareous concretions were noticed in the

centre of the gland.

217

[VSPP-1]

HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IS PROTECTIVE AGAINST FLUORIDE

TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

AlphaRaj M1, Adilaxmamma K1, MadanMohan E2, Naik BR3

1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2Department of Veterinary Physiology,

College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur – 516 360(A.P) India

3SuperSpecialityVeteirnary Hospital, Pulivendula – 516 390(A.P) India


An interactive acute toxicity study was designed to study the median lethal dose of

fluoride in combination with hypercholesterolemia in wistar rats. Female Wistar albino

rats of 150-160 g weight were administered Triton WR 1339 @ 200mg/Kg i.p to induce

hypercholesterolemia. After, 12 h of administration of triton, the serum cholesterol levels

were estimated to confirm hypercholesterolemia. The median lethal dose (oral LD50) of

sodium fluoride was determined in both control and hypercholesterolemic rats using up

and down procedure as per OECD guidelines 425. The LD50 was determined using AOT

425 software and the data was analyzed using students t-test. The mean serum

cholesterol content of hypercholesterolemic group (222.44 ± 13.55 mg%) was

significantly higher compared to control group (51.92 ± 8.68 mg%) (p< 0.05). However,

there was a paradoxical elevation in the estimated LD50 of Sodium Fluoride in

hypercholesterolemic group which was 170.20 mg/kg (164.00 to 290.00) compared to

92.00 mg/kg (54.07 to 480.00) in the control group demonstrating protective effect of

hypercholesterolemia against fluoride toxicity. It is hypothesized that the antioxidant

properties of cholesterol might have offered protection against fluoride induced free

radical damage.


218

[VSPP-2]

ASSESSMENT OF LEAD AND OTHER HEAVY METAL EXPOSURE THROUGH

THE CONSUMPTION OF CHICKEN MEAT IN AND AROUND PRODDATUR

REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH IN INDIA

Anil Kumar C1 , Alpha Raj M2 , Naik BR3, Devasena B4, Prasad TNVKV5

Department of Animal Nutrition1,4, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology2,

Department of Veterinary Physiology3, College of Veterinary Science,

Proddatur,-516360 (A.P), India 2, Nanotechnology laboratory, Institute of Frontier

Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati – 517 5025

Lead is a ubiquitous heavy metal and due to increased industrial activity, the exposure

to lead is increasingly alarming. In the present study, the exposure of human population

to lead and other heavy metals through the consumption of chicken meat was assessed.

Proddatur region of Andhra Pradesh is an industrial area with chemical, cement

industries and thermal power station. Sample of whole blood and meat of chicken were

collected from 50 slaughter houses in and around Proddatur. The samples were digested

using nitric acid with microwave digestion system. The amount of lead in the blood and

meat samples of chicken was estimated using ICP-OES. The public health significance

and impact of the levels of lead along with several other heavy metals found in chicken

meat were discussed. The area wise distribution of lead and other heavy metals and

possible sources were also indicated.

219

[VSPP-3]

PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS THROUGH MILK

AND WATER: A QUANTITATIVE SURVEY IN AND AROUND PRODDATUR

REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH IN INDIA

Dilip Reddy G1*, Anil Kumar C2, Muralidhar Y1, Prasad TNVKV4, Alpha Raj M1,

Manasa B3

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,

2Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science,

Proddatur,-516360 (A.P), India

3Department of Veterinary Pathology, NTR College of Veterinary Science,

Gannavaram, A.P. India

4Nanotechnology Centre, Institute of Frontier Technology, RARS, Tirupati, India


Heavy metals are unique toxicants which persist in nature and assume different

chemical forms because of their physico-chemical, biological and anthrapogenic

activities leading to potential health hazards for humans and animals. Some of the heavy

metals are essential elements while others pose health hazards. The increased industrial

activity has led to increased heavy metal exposure to both humans and livestock. In the

present study, the exposure of lead and other heavy metals through the consumption of

milk and water was assessed in Proddatur region of Andhra Pradesh as it is an

industrial area with chemical, cement industries and thermal power station. Sample of

milk and water were collected from different areas in and around Proddatur. The

samples were digested using nitric acid with microwave digestion system. The amount

of heavy metals in the milk and water samples were estimated using ICP-OES. The

public health significance and impact of the levels of lead along with several other heavy

metals found in milk and water were discussed. The area wise distribution of lead and

other heavy metals and possible sources were also indicated.


220

[VSPP-4]

AUTOHAEMOTHERAPY IN CLINICAL CASE OF PAPILLOMA IN A COW

Saritha G1 and Nalini kumari k2

Department of Medicine

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University , Tirupathi – 517 502.


Autohaemotherapy is a simple technique where patients own blood is injected

parentarally (s/c, I/M). This method is preferable as it is simple and economical as

compared to other therapeutic procedures. The beneficial effect of autohaemotherapy is

due to its immune stimulatory effects. There is an increased production of both humoral

and cell mediated immunity following auto haemotherapy. One cow was presented to

the medical ward, college of veterinary science tirupati with the history of inappetance

and having small, sessile papillomatous growths in both sides of the neck and under the

mouth. The animal was subjected to autohaemotherapy. About 10ml of avilin was given

to the animal in order to stabilize and to avoid untoward allergic reactions. After a

fifteen minutes, 20ml of blood was taken from the jugular vein of cow and administered

10ml i/m and another 10ml s/c at the neck region for 4 times at regular weekly interval.

Cow was clinically recovered after 4 weeks. Autohaemotherapy might be an alternative

method in the field. It may be recommended as a good therapeutic tool as it is very

simple, safe and economical method compared to other conventional procedures.


221

[VSPP-5]

INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM ALGINATE ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF

RESTRUCTURED MUTTON SLICES DEVELOPED BY COLD-SET BINDING

SYSTEM

Bhaskar Reddy GV, Sen AR1, Sudhakara Reddy K, Kondal Reddy K, Madhava

Rao T and Kondaiah N1

Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science,

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030

1 National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad-500 092

A study was conducted to evaluate the different levels of calcium alginate on quality

characteristics of restructured mutton slices (RMS) manufactured by cold-set binding

system. The RMS were formulated with the following treatments as control (C) (without

addition of calcium alginate), T1 (RMS formulated with 0.1 % calcium alginate), T2

(RMS formulated with 1.0 % calcium alginate) and T3 (RMS formulated with 1.5 %

calcium alginate). The developed RMS was analysed for various physico-chemical,

proximate, textural and sensory characteristics. Different levels of calcium alginate

significantly (P<0.05) influenced various quality characteristics of RMS. RMS formulated

with 1.5 % calcium alginate (T3) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher cooking yield,

batter stability, water-holding capacity (WHC), pH and moisture content than other

treatments (C, T1 and T2). Control had significantly (P<0.05) highest collagen solubility,

protein content than RMS formulated with different levels of calcium alginate. T3

showed significantly (P<0.05) more chewiness and springiness values than other

treatments. Control was significantly (P<0.05) more gumminess and hardness values

than RMS formulated with calcium alginate. RMS formulated with 1.5 % calcium

alginate (T3) found to be significantly (P<0.05) more juiciness and overall palatability

scores than other treatments. From these results, it is concluded that RMS formulated

with 1.5 % calcium alginate (T3) shows significantly (P<0.05) higher physico-chemical,

proximate and textural characteristics and rated superior sensory scores compared to

remaining formulations.

222

[VSPP-6]

PESTICIDE POISONING IN A DOBERMAN DOG

Revathi P1*, Syaama Sundar N2, Sumiran N3

College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati

1Veterinary Medicine, TVCC

2Dept. of Veterinary Medicine

3Veterinary Surgery and Radiology


A five year old male Doberman dog was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical

Complex with the history of accidental ingestion of pesticide pellets which were sprayed

on near by paddy fields. Clinical examination revealed rise of temperature, vomiting,

hypersalivation, increased heart rate, blackish diarrhea and excitement. The dog was

given fluid therapy (normal saline), atropine sulphate at the dose rate of 0.4mg/ kg

body weight intravenously. Supportive therapy with B-complex vitamins and oral

calcium preparations were given for three days. Complete recovery was noticed after

three days post treatment.


223

[VSPP-7]

LEAD ACETATE INDUCED ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN DIFFERENT

TISSUES OF WISTAR ALBINO RATS AND ITS AMELIORATION WITH

OCIMUM SANCTUM A LEAF EXTRACT

Sujatha K, Srilatha Ch, Anjaneyulu Y1, ChandrasekharRao TS2, Sreenivasulu D3

Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science,

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati -517502,

Andhra Pradesh, INDIA

1Professor, Dept. of Pathology, College of Veterinary science, Korutla

2Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Science, SVVU, Tirupati

3Associate Dean, CVSc, Tirupati

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Ocimum sanctum

against lead acetate induced ultrastructural in adult male wistar albino rats for a period

of twelve weeks. Adult 216 healthy rats were randomly divided into six groups viz.

control (group I), higher dose of lead acetate @60mgs/kg bwt (group II), Lower dose of

lead acetate @ 30 mgs / kg bwt (group III), Higher dose of lead + Ocimum @ 400 mgs/

kg bwt (group IV), lower dose of lead + Ocimum @ 400 mgs/ kg bwt (group V), Ocimum

control (group VI). All lead treated and ameliorated groups given Lead acetate/ lead +

Ocimum orally for three days in a week for a period of twelve weeks. Every fortnight

from each group rats were sacrificed with anesthetic ether and collected kidney, liver

and brain pieces in to glutaraldehyde fixative for ultrastructural examination.In present

investigation it was observed that ultrastructurally kidney revealed swollen

mitochondria with degeneration, fragmented endoplasmic reticulum, increased number

of lysosomes, clumping of nuclear chromatin and intranuclear electron dense lead

inclusions. Where as in liver, increased number of darkly stained lysosomes and swollen

and decreased mitochondria. Swollen and vacuolated vascular endothelial cells,

degenerated myelin sheath and decrease in mitochondrial density margination in brain

were noticed in dose dependent manner. In Ocimum ameliorated group of lower dose

(GroupV) a significant improvement was noticed in ultrastructural changes this might

be due to chemopreventive property of Ocimum. The results of the present study suggest

that Ocimum sanctum herbal extract inhibits lead induced ultrastructural damage.

224

[VSPP-8]

PATHOLOGY OF MASTITIS METRITIS AGALECTIA IN SOWS

Sujatha K, Sreenivasa Naik H, Ramanamurthy R, Nasreen A, Srilatha Ch, Vinod

Kumar N1,

Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science,

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati – 517502

1Department of VeterinaryMicrobiology, C.V.Sc, Tirupati

Two sows belong to AICRP on Pigs, college of Veterinary Science, Tirupati died

suddenly after parturition and submitted for postmortem examination. Clinically both

the animals were said to be suffering from high fever and anorexia and lethargic after

parturition. The mammary glands were swollen and firm with agalectia, purplish

discolouration of the udder and serosanguaneous secretions through the teat canal was

noticed. On postmortem examination mammary glands were swollen, firm, on cut

section moderate congestion and edema, severe necrotic changes and oozing of

serosanguinous fluid was noticed. Swab was collected from heart blood and mammary

tissue for bacterial isolation. The cultural examination revealed E. coli bacteria.

Histopathological examination of uterus revealed severe congestion and hemorrhages

and mild mononuclear cell infiltration in endometrium. Mammary gland showed severe

desquamated changes in alveoli, at places alveoli filled with cellular debris mixed with

few mononuclear cells and interlobular edema.. Severe degenerative changes in renal

epithelium and desquamated changes were also noticed in kidneys. Heart and lung

revealed hemorrhages and pulmonary edema respectively. Based on gross,

histopathological changes and cultural examination the present cases were diagnosed as

Mastitis Metritis Agalectia.

225

[VSPP-9]

EFFECT OF LEAD ACETATE AND CO – ADMINISTRATION OF LEAD

ACETATE AND OCIMUM SANCTUM (OS) LEAF EXTRACT ON TESTIS OF

ALBINO RATS - AN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ENDOCRINAL STUDY

Sujatha K, Srilatha Ch, Anjaneyulu Y1 ChandrasekharRao TS2 , Sreenivasulu D3

Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science,

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA

1Professor, Dept. of Pathology, College of Veterinary science, Korutla

2Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Science, SVVU, Tirupati

3Associate Dean, CVSc, Tirupati

216 Male wistar rats were divided into six groups (I, II, III, IV, V &VI).Group I and

Group VI act as Distilled water control and OS control respectively. Group II & III rats

were orally administered lead acetate @ 60 mgs & 30mgs /kg. bwt / 3 days in a week

and group IV & V treated with lead acetate @ 60 mgs & 30mgs /kg. bwt / 3 days in a

week + 400mgs/kg.bwt respectively for 90 days. Every fortnight from each group rats

were sacrificed with anesthetic ether and collected serum for hormonal assay and testes

for measurement of lactate dehydrogenase, oxidative damage, lead residues and

histopathological studies. Administration of lead acetate caused a dose dependant

reduction in antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase & glutathione

reductase and serum testosterone values. Testicular lactate dehydrogenase and lead

residues were increased significantly in lead treated rats. Co - administration with OS

non significantly improved the effects of lead acetate induced changes in group V rats.

So no significant difference was found among lead treated groups (II & III) and its

corresponding OS treated groups (IV & V). Hisopathologically testis shows necrosis of

seminiferous tubules. Complete separation and disappearance of seminiferous tubular

epithelium. Lead acetate induced oxidative stress and endocrine dysfunction in testis of

rats. Co–administration with OS had mild protective effect against the lead acetate

induced toxicity in testis.

226

[VSPP-10]

AWARENESS REGARDING ZOONOTIC DISEASES AMONG THE BUTCHERS

OF PRODDATUR, A.P - A STUDY

Lokesh M, Saidaiah M, SreeSai E, Rakesh Ch and Naveen DZ*

College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University,

Proddatur-516360

*Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Proddatur-516360

Zoonotic diseases present an ongoing public health concern. About 60 percent of all

human diseases and 75 percent of all emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic. Most

human infections with zoonoses come from livestock, including pigs, chickens, cattle,

goats, sheep and camels. Researchers found that zoonoses are responsible for 2.2 million

human deaths world-wide, every year. Butchers constitute the high risk group in the

transmission of zoonotic diseases. The educational status and awareness regarding the

information, identification and transmission of zoonotic diseases among this high risk

group, is critical in controlling the spread of zoonotic diseases. Hence, a study has been

designed to evaluate the educational status of butchers, awareness among the butchers

regarding the various zoonotic diseases and their modes of transmission, the effluent

treatment methods followed by the butchers of Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh. The survey

revealed that most of the butchers had high school education and most of them acquired

this profession from their ancestors. Most of the butchers were having awareness

regarding the commonly occurring zoonotic diseases, identification of the disease by

observing the lesions and their control. All the butchers follow the hygienic practices

and most of them were interested in attending training programmes pertaining to

zoonotic diseases.

http://www.livescience.com/13694-devastating-infectious-diseases-smallpox-plague.html

227

[VSPP-11]

ISOLATION OF E.COLI FROM PNEUMONIC GOAT LUNGS

Amaravathi M, Satheesh K, Bharath Kumar Reddy C and Reddy Dhyana V

Department of Veterinary Pathology

NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram -521 102

Bacteriological studies were done on the pneumonic goat lungs for identification of

etiological agent. In this present study, we collected sterile swabs of pneumonic lungs

from sixteen goats from slaughterhouses in and around Vijayawada immediately after

slaughter. Then these swabs were inoculated in nutrient broth and incubated at 370C for

24 hrs. After enrichment, isolation was done in Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar as per

standard protocol. Colony showing purple with metallic sheen taken as presumptive

positive isolations and further confirmation was done by Gram‟s Method of staining and

I M Vi C tests. All the presumptive positive isolates appeared as gram negative rods on

Gram‟s Method of staining and + + - - in I M Vi C tests.

228

[VSPP-12]

EFFECTS OF THUJA OCCIDENTALIS AS AN ALTERNATIVE REMEDY IN

TREATMENT OF WARTS ONUDDER OF A NON-DESCRIPT DOE

Bharathi D and Veena P

Dept of Surgery and Radiology, College of veterinary science, Proddatur, SVVU.

Papillomatosis is a condition in farm animals and is treated by surgical excision or

application of caustic agents. A doe with warts on udder was treated by using

thujaoccidentalis (Thuja-30, A homeopathic medicine) @ 10 drops per os OID for a span

of five weeks, resulting in reduction of more than 75% in size of the warts. Different

modalities of treatment and the results are discussed.

229

[VSPP-13]

SOFT TICKS AS PATHOGEN VECTORS: CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT IN

A POULTRY FARM

Gnani Charitha V and Rayulu VC

Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science , SVVU Proddatur

Ticks are worldwide in distribution and are of great significance in veterinary fields

owing to their pathogen carrying ability as vectors besides causing direct damage.

About 12 chickens were brought to postmortem from a poultry farm, near Proddatur

with a history of reduced growth rate, drop in egg production and restlessness, finally

leading to slow death of the birds. Postmortem revealed death due to anemia and on

external examination, soft ticks were recovered. Farm premises were examined for tick

nests which were found near cages and in cracks and crevices. Adult and nyphal stages

were collected and processed to identify the ticks. Chemical control with acaricides was

adopted for immediate control of the tick population along with other management

practices.

230

[VSPP-14]

SELF EMULSIFYING NANO DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF ACYCLOVIR:

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE STUDIES

Indira Muzib Y1, Prasanna Kumari1, Ambedkar YR2

Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, SriPadmavathi Mahila

Visvavidyalayam, GVPC,Vizianagaram

Tirupati, AndhraPradesh-517502.

Email.i.d:[email protected]

Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are anhydrous homogenous

liquid mixtures consisting of oil, surfactant, drug and coemulsifier or solubilizer,

which spontaneously form oil-in-water nanoemulsion of approximately 200 nm or

less in size upon dilution with water. In this study Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams

of oil, surfactant/co-surfactant, and water were developed using the water titration

method used to formulate acyclovir SNEDDS. Acyclovir, is a guanosine analogue

antiviral medication. It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus

infections, chickenpox. The SNEDDS evaluated for visual charecterization, drug

content, SEM analysis, Zetapotential and invitro drug release. The absolute drug

content of F3 was 98.7%. From the results that, among the various oils, oleic acid :

castor oil (3:1) showed the highest solubilizing potential for

acyclovir(45.53±1.50mg/ml) compared to oleic acid (9.73±1.50mg/ml), IPM

(1.95±0.05mg/ml), olive oil (3.48±0.20mg/ml). Among surfactants, tween 80

(79±1.1mg/ml) showed the highest solubility followed by glycerol (25±1.5mg/ml)

was co-surfactants. Results inferred that the oily phase oleic acid and castor oil

exhibited the highest (98%) emulsification efficiency with all the surfactants

employed. F3 formulation optimized as it was clear and stable, drug content was

98.1% and 98.7% of drug was released within one hour. Keywords: In-vitro drug

release, Zeta potential, SNEDDS, Tween 80.

231

[VSPP-15]

IMMUNE-RESPONSE STUDY OF ENTEROTOXAEMIA VACCINE IN SHEEP OF

RAYALASEEMA REGION USING ELISA

Nagendra Reddy T1, Sreenivasulu D

2, Satyanarayana Chetty M

2 and Eswara Prasad P

3

1Dept, of Microbilogy, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, India

2Dept, of Microbilogy, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, India

3Dept, of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, India

In the presentstudy, the immune responses in vaccinated sheep were assessed using

Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Six sheep were vaccinated under

controlled conditions and serum samples were collected periodically, upto 4 months

after post vaccination.And also, a total of 139 sera samples from organised farms and

247 serum samples from 7 different villages of Kadapa and Chittoor districts of Andhra

Pradesh were collected for comparative study.Percent positivity value 30 is considered

as cut off point for the protective titers.The mean percent positivity values after

vaccinationin controlled conditions varied from 71.17 at 1 month to 31.95 at 4 months

which was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction. The immune responses were significantly

higher in one year age group animals. Immune responses of sheep maintained under

rural conditions were found to be low when compared with sheep maintained under

controlled conditions. The protective titers were maintained up to 3 months in sheep

maintained under village conditions verses 4 months in those maintained in controlled

conditions.The immune status usually measured by mouse neutralization test which is

cumbersome, expensive, time consuming and requires large number of laboratory

animals. As an alternative, ELISA could be used to determine the immune status and to

study the minimum duration of immunity in sheep vaccinated against Enterotoxaemia.

232

[VSPP-16]

MAGOTTED WOUND IN A CAPTIVE LIONESS (PANTHERA LEO) – A CASE

REPORT

Venu R, Arun SP*, Naik VCS, Rama DP, Sujatha K** and Mounika K


*SV Zoological Park, TIRUPATI

**DEPT. OF Veterinary Pathology

College of Veterinary Science, TIRUPATI-517 502, A. P.

Myiasis is the infestation of living vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae, which at

least for a period of time feed on the hosts dead or living tissue, body fluids, or ingested

food. Maggotted wound in a wild captive lioness from Sri venkateswara Zoological

Park, Tirupati was reported in this paper. Case history revealed that, A 25 year old

lioness emitting bad smell from the body with matted hair and discharges from the

wound at the anal region. The wild animal was weak, anorexic, poor body condition

and not responded to routine treatment and the animal died. The dead lioness was

presented to College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati for post-mortem examination On

gross examination lioness was witnessed by having bedsore and wounds on loin region

and also right shoulder region. The wounds were infested with full of maggots and were

collected for their identification. Later, the collected maggots were processed and

identified as Callitroga spp. based on morphology of the posterior spiracles.

233

[VSPP-17]

MICRO ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE OESOPHAGUS OF ALBINO RAT

(RATTUS NOVERGICUS)

Reddy Dhyana V, Raju NKB, Supriya B, Bhagya Lakshmi J, Amaravathi M and

Gopi Krishna B

Department of Veterinary Anatomy

College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati – 517502

Micro anatomical studies were done on the oesophagus of six adult albino rats at

College of veterinary Science, Tirupati. Immediately after collection samples were fixed

in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed as per routine histological techniques.

We observed that the wall of oesophagus consisted of four layers viz., tunica mucosa,

tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa from inward to outward. The

tunica mucosa was made up of stratified squamous non keratinised epithelium. The

lamina propria and sub mucosa blended with each other and formed propria

submucosa. The propria submucosa consisted of collagen, reticular and elastic fibres.

The tunica muscularis was thick and made up of skeletal muscles which were arranged

in different directions. The tunica serosa consisted loose connective tissue with little

amount of collagen, elastic and reticular fibres.

234

[VSPP-18]

MASTITIS IN BUFFALOES – A HOMEOPATHIC THERAPY

Soma Sekhar Reddy B1*, Bhakthavatchalam S2, Sudhakara Reddy B3 and

Nagendra Reddy T4

Mastitis is a contagious disease which causes severe economic loss to the farmers. Study

was conducted on the cases presented to the College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur

and surrounding dispensaries around the Proddatur. Buffaloes which were showing

changes in the milk were incorporated in the present study. Milk was collected from the

suspected buffaloes and processed by the CMT and other diagnostic methods for

confirmation of mastitis. Microbiological examination of milk was done. Sixteen mastitis

affected buffaloes were divided into two different groups for therapeutic trail. Group-A

was treated with routine antibiotics and supportive therapy. Group-B was treated with

the same therapy as in the group – A and additionally homeopathic medicines for

additional option. Comparison of the both the groups will be discussed.

235

[VSPP-19]

MORTALITY DUE TO HEAVY TICK INFESTATION IN A HEIFER – A REPORT

Venu R, Suresh S, Srilatha Ch* and Rama devi P


*Dept. of Veterinary Pathology

College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati - 517 502, A.P

Ticks are economically the most important ectoparasites of livestock. They cause

great economic losses to livestock production in terms of reduction in live weight

and quality of hides, anaemia and even mortality because of tick-worry and blood

loss. Apart from them they also act as potential vector for haemo-protozoan

parasites. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a one host cattle tick widely prevalent

in tropical countries like India, where the warm, humid climate favours its

perpetuation and propagation. In this paper death of a heifer associated with heavy

tick infestation was reported. A dead heifer from a local farm, near Tirupati was

presented to the College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati for post-mortem

examination with the history of weakness, off-fed, lethargy, finally progressed to

recumbency and death. On gross examination the carcass is emaciated, anaemic with

pale mucous membranes and numerous fully engorged and semi engorged ticks

were noticed all over the body. No other pathological lesions were noticed. These

ticks were collected in 70% alcohol. After processing the ticks were identified as

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus based on the morphological characters like

brevirostrate mouth parts, absence of festoons, bifid first coxa and presence of

caudal process.

236

[VSPP-20]

SEVERE HORN FLY (HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS) WORRY IN A CATTLE FARM –

A REPORT

Venu R, Avinash B, Sujatha K *, Rama Devi P and Chaitanya VK

Department of Veterinary Parasitology

Department of Veterinary Pathology

College of Veterinary Science, TIRUPATI-517 502, A. P.

Horn fly (Haematobiairritans) is one of the common pests of cattle and is a blood

suckingecto-parasite. The fly infestation reduces the animal performance by causing

annoyance, reduced grazing time, decreased weight gain, significant stress, and

anaemia. Apart from this the horn fly act as an intermediate host, and also mechanically

transmit the pathogens which cause anthrax, rinderpest, mastitis and surra.This paper

presents a report about the severe horn fly infestation in a farm near Vardaiapalem,

Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. On request by the owner of the farm, it was

observed that, all the animals (n=87) with different age groups were infested with

numerous flies buzzing around the face, cervical, shoulder, legs and underneath body

region particularly at udder region of the animals. All the animals were struggling to

avoid the fly bite, restlessness and found bite marks on most of the animal‟s body. Some

of the flies were collected and transported to the Department of Veterinary Parasitology,

College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati for their identification, The processed flies were

identified as biting flies, Haematobiairritansbased on morphological features.

237

[VSPP-21]

NANOTECHNOLOGY: PARADIGM SHIFT IN PERSPECTIVE OF NEW

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IMPACTING FOOD VALUE CHAIN


1Deptartment of Livestock Production Technology, Govt.Veterinary Polytechnic College,

S.V. University, Garividu, Vizayanagaram

2Department of Marketing & Supply Chain Management, School of Business &

Management Studies, Central University Of Himachal Pradesh, District: Kangra,

Himachal Pradesh


Food is the primary need of human being which is the outcome of different agricultural

activities. An opportune time as agriculture is facing several challenges driven by

climate change, degradation and depletion of land and water resources, use of food for

fuel, and ever-increasing human population. Nanotechnology as „new technology for

existing problem‟ is being seen as future hope; during this challenging period, it is

important for us to engage all stakeholders in constant dialogue in order to make the

offering of Bio-Nanotechnology commercially viable. Amalgamation of this

Nanotechnology‟s product as offering to the market needs process innovation and

product innovation. These changes present both opportunities and challenges to

industries like food processing, pharmaceuticals, agro-industries, etc. The potential of

new technology certainly reconfigure the processes involved in product development,

reconfiguring the entire supply chain impacting food value chain. Nanotechnology

based products and the firms making these products should be considered as a sun

rising industry having huge untapped potential thus envisaging a tremendous growth

potential. The Nanotechnology based industry in India can play a decisive role in

augmenting the value addition in the agri-food supply chain.

238

[VSPP-22]

NANOTECHNOLOGY-A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR TARGETING CANCER

CELLS

Rajeswary P*, Varalaxmi S, Vidyavathi M

Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam,

Tirupati, A.P


Nanotechnology is a branch of science which deals with design, characterisation,

production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape

and size at a nanometer scale. Nanotechnology is being applied to almost every field

of scientific research, including pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, engineering,

electronics, magnetics, optics, information technology, materials development and

biomedicineapplications.Vast developments in nanotechnology have enabled new

research strategies in the field of drug delivery. Considerable interest is focused on

synthesis of nanoparticles as effective drug carriers. There are a wide variety of

nanoscale tools developed for application in medicine. Among which nanoparticles

are revolutionizing in the field of drug delivery.Nanocarriers have modified to

enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a drug, to control the release, stability, to prolong

the circulation time of a drug, protecting it from elimination by phagocytic cells or

premature degradation. These nanocarriers are prepared by dissolving thedrug,

dispersed, attached, adsorbed or encapsulated by polymers which may be synthetic,

semisynthetic or biodegradable. Due to their small size have high penetrating power

and interaction with biomolecules both on the surface of and inside the cells. Cancer

is a broad term given to a group of diseases all involving the unregulated growth of

cells. The effectiveness of anticancer agents may be hindered by low solubility in

water, poor permeability, and high efflux from cells. Hence nanotechnology has

proved a potential toolfor cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanotechnology has ability

to overcome current obstacles in cancer therapies, because of its unique size and

large surface-to-volume ratios. Nanotechnology can also be used to target certain

tissues because of their size and/or their physico-chemical properties. There are

some examples of nanocarriers discussed in this review for treatment of cancer are

Phthalocyanine(dye) nanoparticles, Mercaptopurine gold nanoparticles, Paclitaxel

PLGAnanoparticles, Cisplatin-loaded PLGA- monomethoxy PEG nanoparticles,

Methotrexate gold nanoparticles, Imatinib mesylate nanoparticles etc.

239

[VSPP-23]

MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CONTROL OF SALMONELLA IN

ANIMAL FEEDS

Sravanthi M1, Eswaraprasad P, Padmaja K and Sreenivasulu D

Department of Veterinary Biochemistry

College of veterinary Science, Proddatur-516360 (A.P)

Salmonellosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in both animals and

humans. Animal feed and feed ingredients have been shown to be a major source of

infection to animals. Present study has been focussed to rapidly detect and control the

pathogenic strains of Salmonella in feed samples. A total of 109 samples have been

collected and tested, out of which, 7 (6.42%) samples were found positive for Salmonella

by culture and PCR targeting fimA gene. Salmonella positive feed samples were subjected

to formaldehyde treatment, UV treatment and sun drying. All the three methods were

found effective in reducing Salmonella levels in feed samples.

240

[VSPP-24]

TRANSPOSON REPROGRAMMING OF MURINE FIBROBLASTS INTO

INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS

Talluri TR1*, Kumar D2, Glage S3, Garrels W3, Ivics Z4, Debowski K5, Behr

R5, Kues WA6

1Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany; National

Research Center on Equines, Bikaner, India. 2Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany; Central

Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India. 3Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

4Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany. 5German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.

6Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany.


Reprogramming of a fully differentiated cell to its native or unspecialized state holds a

great promise in the field of regenerative medicine as well as in the therapeutic science.

The generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represents a promising approach

for innovative cell therapies. The original method requires viral transduction of several

reprogramming factors, which may be associated with an increased risk of insertional

mutagenesis and tumorogenicity. Transposition of reprogramming cassettes represents

a recent alternative to viral approaches. Since binary transposons can be produced as

common plasmids they provide a safe and cost-efficient alternative to viral delivery

methods. Here, we compared the efficiency of two different transposon systems, namely

Sleeping Beauty (SB) and piggyBac (PB), for the generation of murine iPS from different

genetic backgrounds. Murine fibroblasts derived from an inbred BL/6 mouse line

carrying a pluripotency reporter, Oct4-EGFP, and fibroblasts derived from outbred

NMRI mice were employed for reprogramming. Both transposon systems resulted in the

successful isolation of murine iPS cell lines. The reduction of the core reprogramming

factors to omit the proto-oncogene c-Myc was compatible with iPS cell line derivation,

albeit with reduced reprogramming efficiencies. The transposon-derived iPS cells

featured typical hallmarks of pluripotency, including teratoma growth in

immunodeficient mice. Thus SB and PB transposons represent a promising non-viral

approach for iPS cell derivation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Talluri%20TR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24928388

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kumar%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24928388

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Glage%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24928388

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Garrels%20W%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24928388

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ivics%20Z%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24928388

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Debowski%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24928388

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Behr%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24928388

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Behr%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24928388

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kues%20WA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24928388


241

[VSPP-25]

A STUDY ON RELEASE OF MINERALS IN GROUNDNUT HAULM BASED

COMPLETE DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH ORGANIC AND INORGANIC

MINERAL SOURCES BY IN SACCO METHOD IN STEERS

Sudha rani K1, Ramana JV, Devasena B, Ravi A and Sudhakara Reddy P2

1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati-517 502.

2Registrar, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati

Mineral supplementation is often expensive and could lead to excessive excretion or

poor utilization by the animal. The bioavailability of a mineral is defined as the

proportion of the ingested element that is absorbed, transported to its site of action and

converted to a physiologically active form. Knowledge about the bioavailability of the

minerals will help in providing the animals with the required minerals in the optimum

quantity and right proportion. A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of organic

and inorganic mineral supplementation to groundnut haulm (GNH) based complete

diets on mineral release by in Sacco method. A basal complete diet was prepared with

GNH and concentrate mixture (8% maize, 10% soybean meal, 21.5% deoiled rice bran

and 0.5% salt) in 60: 40 ratio. The basal diet was treated as control (T1) and three more

diets were prepared by supplementing basal diet with commercial mineral mixture (T2),

inorganic mineral supplements (T3) and organic mineral supplements (T4). The

commercial mineral mixture was added at the rate of 1.5% in T2 diet by adjusting the

deoiled rice bran to 20%. The inorganic mineral supplements were added at the rate of

26.4g (8.3g ZnSO4, 4.0g CuSO4 and 14.0 g MnSO4) in the T3 diet. The organic mineral

supplements were added at the rate of 72g (12g Zn-P, 10 g Cu-P and 50g Mn-P) in the T4

diet. The In Sacco mineral release of Cu, Mn and Zn from experimental diets showed that

the disappearance % was higher in commercial mineral mixture supplemented diet

followed by organic mineral supplemented diet, and then in-organic mineral

supplemented diet. The In Sacco copper, manganese and zinc release from feed

ingredients revealed that copper disappearance (%) was higher in all the feed

ingredients followed by Mn and Zn. The NDF degradability also increased with increase in

incubation time. A correlation was drawn between in Sacco mineral release and NDF

degradability of the treatment diets. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlation was observed

between the NDF degradability and mineral release in the rumen. It can be concluded that

the organic mineral supplements were better bio-available than the inorganic mineral

supplements.

242

[VSPP-26]

VITAL ROLE OF E- JOURNAL DATABASES IN SRI VENKATESWARA

VETERINARY COLLEGE LIBRARIES: AN OVERVIEW

K.Kumar1, Z.Naveen2, S.K.Gurunatha Reddy3

1Dept. of Library and Information Science, 2Dept. of Livestock Products Technology, 3Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science,

Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Prodatur-516360


The sprawling cost of print journals, Information providing and Information

seeking community forced to look for cost effective and reliable means of

Information dissemination. Among other resources, electronic journals occupy a

prominent place in digital libraries by providing access to online full- text

Information. The Internet has rapidly become a global publishing platform, and

electronic journals covering a wide range of subject areas are available of electronic

resource now. This article examines the significant role of e-journal databases in

veterinary college library users of Andhra Pradesh. The objective of survey is to

analysis overall satisfaction level of library users on various databases of electronic

journals. It is observed form the survey that 79.70% users are satisfied with J-Gate,

while 65% express their satisfactory level towards Elsevier‟s Science Direct.

243

[VSPP-27]

APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ANIMAL SCIENCES

Swapna G1, Sukumar K2, Girija Shankar V3,Hemalatha V4 and Kaladhar Babu K5

1College of Veterinary Science, Korutla , 2(Pl.Br), AICRP on Soybean, ARS, Adilabad 3

Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, 4College of Agriculture, R. Nagar,

Hyderabad, 5College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad


Nanotechnology is believed to revolutionize the science and society with its novel

applications. It is defined as “understanding and control of mater at dimensions of

roughly 1 to 100nm where unique phenomena enable novel applications” (U.S. National

Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)). Uniqueness in nanomaterials includes greater

penetrability, reactivity, surface area, and quantum properties due to their size. These

properties can allow for the use of less material and new or more efficient chemical and

physical reactions in comparison to larger scale materials. Nanotechnology not only

helps to detect, bind, removal of pathogens in poultry but also alert the milk producers

about foot and mouth disease with the aid of nano based detector. Veterinary

nanotechnology helps in improved diagnosis and treatment delivery systems provide

novel tools for molecular and cellular breeding, identity preservation of animal history

from birth to a consumer‟s table, the security of animal food products, diet to nutrient

uptake and utilization, modification of animal waste as expelled from the animal,

pathogen detection. Miniature device will be implanted in animal system that samples

saliva and other body fluids at regular intervals and alerts the farmer or the veterinarian

to take up early control measures thus minimizes the health hazards. Nanotechnology is

currently employed in the treatment of African animal trypanosomosis. It opens new

vistas in development of a new drug delivery system against diaminazene (DMZ) a

trypanocidal drug registered for veterinary use. Hence, molecular diagnostics and

therapeutics should be combined with nanotechnology to boost the efficiency in the

diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases


244

[VSPP-28]

ROLE OF QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) IN MEETING NUTRITIONAL

REQUIREMENTS OF POULTRY AND RABBITS

Swapna G1, Sukumar K2, Kaladhar Babu K3, Sreedhar Chauhan, Girija Shankar V4,

Swarnalatha V5 , Hemalatha V6, Kumar G7, Pedababu B8, Raghu B9 and Ramesh R10

1 College of Veterinary Science, Korutla 2 (Pl.Br), AICRP on Soybean, ARS, Adilabad

3College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 4 Department of Science and

Technology, New Delhi, 5 (Pl.Br ), MRC, R. Nagar, Hyderabad, 6College of

Agriculture, R. Nagar, Hyderabad, 7ARS, Adilabad, 8College of Horticulture, Mojerla

9 Seed Officer, Nizamabad, 10, Dept. of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture,

R.Nagar, Hyderabad.


Maize (Zea mays L) is an important cereal crop which is a major source of food and can be treated as king of feed ingredients. It is a good source of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and some of the important vitamins and minerals. Developing countries derive their protein and calorie requirements primarily from maize. Quality protein maize (QPM) which contains twice the lysine and tryptophan of normal maize is a good source of food for poultry, piggery and also for rabbits. It is a tremendous source of energy supplement and contributing up to 30 percent protein, 60 percent energy and 90 percent starch in animal diet. About 70-80 percent of maize production is used as a feed ingredient in the world. Normal maize contains 8-9 % protein but deficient in two essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan that are required for monogastric animals. Hence, utilization of quality protein maize (QPM) can correct this deficiency and may be advantageous in the diets of livestock, and monogastric animals in particular. Maize is the main source of energy in the feed rations of both broilers and layers .It is outstanding feed being high in energy and easily digested by most livestock species. It provides a critical feed ingredient in monogastric diets particularly poultry. Most commercial broilers bred for meat reach slaughter weight at between 5 to 7 weeks of age, although slower growing strains reach slaughter weight at approximately 14 weeks of age. Broiler chickens are most efficient converters of feed into animal protein. QPM in poultry diet improved growth performance of broilers and resulted in higher weight gains than normal maize. QPM based diet had higher live weight gain and lower feed consumption However, replacement of Normal Maize with QPM increased the egg production and improved feed efficiency in laying hen. Also, in rabbits, higher the level of QPM fed the better the feed efficiency. Body weight gains increase with increased level of QPM in the diet which is mainly attributed to increased nutrient intake and utilization. Feed to gain ratios was better on the QPM-based diets, indicating that lower amounts of the QPM diets were consumed and converted to meat. This reveals that QPM is superior in feed efficiency than normal maize variety.


245

[VSPP-29]

STUDIES ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF CHICKEN MEAT CHIPS

Devalakshmi N, Prabhakara Reddy K and Nagamallika E

Department of Livestock Products Technology, N.T.R.College of Veterinary Science,

Gannavaram, Krishna (District) Andhara Pradesh

An investigation was carried out to study the incorporation of partially cooked and

raw chicken meat in the preparation of chips by extending with cooked and mashed

potato, Bengal gram flour and black gram flour each at 15 % level. The fresh

samples, as well as those stored under ambient (37°C) and refrigeration (7°C) were

evaluated for quality characteristics. The formulations extended with Bengal gram

flour and black gram flour each at 15 % level recorded significantly (P<0.01) lower

per cent moisture, ether extract and higher per cent crude protein contents than

those of the control samples. Whereas the formulation extended with 15 % cooked

and mashed potato resulted in significantly (P<0.01) higher per cent moisture, lower

per cent crude protein and ether extract contents than those of the control samples.

The chicken meat chips made with partially cooked meat recorded significantly

(P<0.01) lower per cent moisture and higher per cent crude protein contents than

those of raw meat chips. Storage of chicken meat chips for 8 weeks period at both

ambient (37°C) and refrigeration (7°C) conditions resulted in significantly (P<0.01)

increase in the per cent moisture and decrease in crude protein and ether extract

contents.

accepted abstracts agrinano-2015

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