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LOUSIANA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH CENTER SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS FOR PAVEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE: USE OF WASTE TIRES IN ASPHALT MIXTURES 5 SEPTEMBER 2012 AC Binder Characterization Containing Crumb Tire Rubber Gaylon L. Baumgardner Paragon Technical Services, Inc.

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Page 1: AC Binder Characterization Containing Crumb Tire Rubber Binder Characterization Containing... · AC Binder Characterization Containing Crumb Tire ... Polyester, Nylon, Etc. ... For

LOUSIANA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH

CENTER

SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS FOR PAVEMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE:

USE OF WASTE TIRES IN ASPHALT MIXTURES

5 SEPTEMBER 2012

AC Binder Characterization Containing Crumb Tire

RubberGaylon L. Baumgardner

Paragon Technical Services, Inc.

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INTRODUCTION

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RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT

Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) is a post consumer polymer fractionally beneficial in modification of asphalt binders.

Benefits of modification of asphalt with GTR are similar to those achieved with virgin synthetic polymers with the exception GTR loadings are typically higher.

Knowledge and technology for processing GTR modified binders are just as critical as with synthetic polymer modified binders e.g. SBS

In the US, Asphalt Rubber or rubber modified bitumen/asphalt is the largest single market for recycled tires and consumes an estimated 12 million tires annually.

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT

Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) is separated into two particle sizes by class “ground” (2000μm and less) and “coarse” (greater that 2000μm)

Rubber produced from ground whole tires contains ~ 30% reactive material for asphalt modification.

Functional yield is dependent of tire composition and asphalt and is directly proportional to rubber source, rubber particle size and asphalt source.

Terminal blending can be an operations challenge without adequate knowledge of asphalt chemistry, GTR source and processing.

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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TIRE COMPONENTS AND COMPOSITION

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TYPICAL TIRE CONSTRUCTION

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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TYPICAL TYPES OF MATERIALS USED TO MANUFACTURE TIRES

Synthetic Rubber Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Isoprene Butadiene Butyl Rubber Halogenated Butyl Rubber Ethylene Propylene Diene

Monomer

Natural Rubber Sulphur and sulphur

compounds Silica

Phenolic resin Oil: aromatic, naphthenic,

paraffinic Fabric: Polyester, Nylon,

Etc. Petroleum waxes Pigments: zinc oxide,

titanium dioxide, etc. Carbon black Fatty acids Inert materials Steel Wire

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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TYPICAL TIRE COMPOSITIONS BY WEIGHT

Passenger Tire Natural rubber 14 % Synthetic rubber 27% Carbon black 28% Steel 14 - 15% Fabric, fillers,

accelerators, antiozonants, etc. 16 -17%

Average weight: New 25 lbs, Scrap 20 lbs.

Truck Tire Natural rubber 27 % Synthetic rubber 14% Carbon black 28% Steel 14 - 15% Fabric, fillers,

accelerators, antiozonants, etc. 16 -17%

Average weight: New 120 lbs., Scrap 100 lbs.

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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RUBBER PERCENT BY WEIGHT IN A NEW RADIAL PASSENGER TIRE

TREAD 32.6% BASE 1.7% SIDEWALL 21.9% BEAD APEX 5.0% BEAD INSULATION 1.2% FABRIC INSULATION 11.8% INSULATION OF STEEL CORD 9.5% INNERLINER 12.4% UNDERCUSHION 3.9%

100.0%

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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MODIFIED ASPHALT BINDERS

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ASPHALT MODIFICATION Samuel Whiting

1873 patent 1% natural rubber (Balata)

France 1902Rubberized asphalt

Paving technologist improving asphalt pavements since.

Use of synthetic polymers limited Styrene-Butadiene Polymers most commonRubber is a polymer of primarily the Styrene-

Butadiene type Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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UTI – SUPERPAVE MADE SIMPLE

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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SUPERPAVE – UTI

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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CONTINUOUS PHASE

20 Parts Natural Rubber + 80 Parts Cement

Water Xylenes

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CR ASPHALT MODIFICATION METHODS CR in asphalt is not a new idea. Three common methods of modification:

Wet ProcessRubber blended with asphalt at the asphalt mix facilityCR content ~ 18 – 20%

Dry ProcessRubber added to mixture either fine or coarseCR content ~ 5 – 25%

Terminal BlendRubber blended with asphalt and stored as liquidCR content ~ 5 – 15%

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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CRITICAL PARAMETERS

Asphalt Source Asphalt Grade Rubber Composition Natural/Synthetic Rubber Particle Size < 30 mesh Rubber Grinding Method Ambient/Cryogenic Blending Temperature > 180 C Blending Time > 45 min.

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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SPECIFICATIONS

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CRM

Historically testing has been done with pen and vis.

Viscosity was mostly rotational or vane shear.

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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OriginalDSR G*/sinδMin 1.0

64

RTFOT64 Standard MSCR3.2 <4.0

64

64 Heavy MSCR 3.2<2.0

64

64 Very heavyMSCR3.2 <1.0

64

PAV

S grade DSR G*sinδMax 5000

28 25 22 19 16

H & V grade DSR G*sinδMax 6000

28 25 22 19 16

NEW CRM SPEC TO MATCH MSCR BINDER SPEC

Low temp BBR and DTT remain unchanged

[(MSCR3.2 –MSCR 0.1)/ MSCR 0.1] < .75

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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CRM SIZES

Rubber is delivered in different systems with supper sacks very prevalent.

CRM comes in different sizes.

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS AT 1 AND 2 MM GAPS

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00

G*/s

inδ,

1 m

m G

ap (k

Pa)

G*/sinδ, 2 mm Gap (kPa)

76°C

Linear (Line of Equality)

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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HOW TO HANDLE LARGER CRM

60 mesh material is easily handled in 1 mm gap.

30 mesh material may be tested at 2 mm 20 mesh material may require larger gaps. What is the limit of gap size? Are other geometries available to test larger

particles?

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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4 MM GAP

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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Malvern Instruments Kinexus Pro Rheometer

Active Heated Chamber Used with 25mm parallel plates

Peltier Cylinder Cartridge Used with Cup & Bob and Cup & Vane

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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PARALLEL PLATE

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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CUP & BOB

Top View

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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COMPARISON OF GEOMETRIES DSR64-22 NEAT 70-22 (64-22+PPA)

PP1, 65.8 PP2, 65.7 CB, 65.9

PP1, 72.2 PP2, 72.4 CB, 72.6

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

Continuo

us grade

 tem

p

PG 64‐22                               PG 70‐22

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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For Neat binder and or non particulate modifier the three geometries provide equivalent results using current G*/sin criteria.

COMPARISON OF GEOMETRIES DSR64-22 NEAT 70-22 (64-22+PPA)

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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CONTINUOUS GRADE FOR SPECIFIC BINDERS WITH DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES

65.8 65.7 65.9

24.6

‐22.00

73.6 73.6 72.1

20.4

‐25.46‐40

‐20

0

20

40

60

80

1

64‐22 PP1 64‐22 PP2 64‐22 CB 64‐22 PAV

64‐22 BBR 10% 60M PP1 10% 60M PP2 10% 60M CB

10% 60M PAV 10% 60M BBR

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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PG CONTINUOUS GRADING FOR BLENDS USING DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES

‐30

‐10

10

30

50

70

Continuo

us grade

64‐22

70‐22

76‐22

10% 60M

15% 60m

10% 30M

15% 30MPP1 PP2 C&B PAV DSR

BBR

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EFFECT OF CRM ON LOW TEMPERATURE GRADE

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

64‐22 70‐22 76‐22 10% 60M 15% 60m 10% 30M 15% 30M

Low Temp Continuous GradeAll m controlled

Difference between S and M grade tempAll m controlled

‐22.00 ‐22.67 ‐23.13‐25.46

‐27.61‐25.09

‐27.63‐30.00

‐25.00

‐20.00

‐15.00

‐10.00

‐5.00

0.0064‐22 70‐22 76‐22 10% 60M 15% 60m 10% 30M 15% 30M

Low Temp Grade

Transportation

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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MSCR JNR 0.1KPA DATA FOR VARIOUS BLENDS

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

64‐22 70‐22 76‐22 10% 60M

15% 60m

10% 30M

15% 30M

Jnr 0

.1 kP

a‐1

binder blend

PP1

PP2

CB

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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MSCR JNR 3.2KPA DATA FOR VARIOUS BLENDS

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

64‐22 70‐22 76‐22 10% 60M

15% 60m

10% 30M

15% 30M

Jnr 3

.2 kP

a‐1

Binder blend

PP1

PP2

CB

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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OTHER ISSUES

Solubility – What values should be considered? 99% 93%No solubility

MSCR % Recovery – Rubber and polymers are not the same. Do we have a separate spec?

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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OriginalDSR G*/sinδMin 1.0

64

RTFOT64 Standard MSCR3.2 <4.0

64

64 Heavy MSCR 3.2<2.0

64

64 Very heavyMSCR3.2 <1.0

64

PAV

S grade DSR G*sinδMax 5000

28 25 22 19 16

H & V grade DSR G*sinδMax 6000

28 25 22 19 16

NEW CRM SPEC TO MATCH MSCR BINDER SPEC

Low temp BBR and DTT remain unchanged

[(MSCR3.2 –MSCR 0.1)/ MSCR 0.1] < .75

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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SUMMARY

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SUMMARY

CRM binder is sensitive to crude source. Rubber size will effect test results. Particles

should be ¼ gap size or less. Careful formulation is needed to meet all Jnr

specs, but it can be done successfully. CRM Binders can be produced to meet PMA

specs. Large CRM particle sizes can be tested in DSR

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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SUMMARY There may be some differences for CRM binder spec

and PMA Spec Solubility for CRM binder may be different. Stress sensitivity may be different.Most other properties will be the same.

Addition of ground tire rubber (GTR) to asphalt is an accepted practice in HMA production

Modification of liquid asphalt binders with GTR is well established and can provide high performance pavements which aid in reduction of the number of waste tires deposed of in landfills and elsewhere

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012

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THANK YOU

Louisiana Transportation Research Center - Sustainable Materials for Pavement Infrastructure: Use of Waste Tires in

Asphalt Mixtures 5 SEPTEMBER 2012