SUPER JET MULTICROP

THRESHER

Approved by...Ministry of Agriculture,Govt. of IndiaNorthern Regional Farm &Machinery Testing & Training Institute, Hissar (HP)

Content

IntroductionThreshing systemsParts of thresherThreshing processWhen to threshingRecommendationsThreshing losses

Introduction

Threshing is the process of collecting the mature crop from the field. • Cutting: cutting the panicles and straw.• Hauling: moving the cut crop to the threshing

location.• Threshing: separating the paddy grain from

the rest of the cut crop.• Cleaning: removing immature, unfilled and

non-grain materials.• Field drying: (optional) leaving the cut crop in

the field and exposing it to the sun for drying.• Stacking / Piling: (optional) temporarily

storing the harvested crop in stacks or piles.

Threshing systems

1. Manual system

Manual operation sometimes using tools

Labor requirement: 48 person/ days

Capacity: approximately 15 person/ days

Threshing by impactHigh shattering lossesPre-drying might be

needed

2. Pedal thresher

Capacity: Principle

Wire loop threshing drumMainly combing the

grains off the straw, some threshing by impact

AdvantagesMaintains the straw

DisadvantageNeeds winnowing after

threshing

Wire loop threshing drum

3. Axial-flow thresher

Capacity: 0.3-3 tone/hour

Threshing through impact

Large range of sizes available

With or without cleanerTruck mounted unitsAdvantages

Can thresh wet cropCompact

produced in 9 different countriesused by several 100,000’s of rice farmers across Asia

Peg tooth threshing

drumAxial flow principle

Axial flow thresher

4. Super Jet Multicrop Thresher

There are three types of super jet multicrop thresher 1. Single Shaft thresher 2. Double Shaft thresher 3. Autofeeder thresherPower efficiency is very more than conventional threshers.Many crops like millet,wheat,castor,rice,corn, soyabean can be threshed at better efficiency. Cleaning process is done by combination of fan and oscillating sieves.Autofeeder for feeding the crops in cutterdrum.

1. Single shaft thresherConstruction:

In this machine threshing rotor and blowers are mounted on same shafts. Required Input RPM to the threshing shaft is given by belt and pulley drive from the input power unit eg. Tractor/motor or engine. . There are two blowers mounted one is for suction and throwing chopped waste and second is for fine cleaning of the output grain. Body of very heavy gauge welded steel plates with the following features.

2. Double shaft thresherApplication :To Remove seeds from the cobs by gentle shelling action without damaging seeds. Empty Cobs will be collected from the back side of the thresher which comes out from the top of reciprocating sieve chamber.Construction:In this machine threshing rotor and blowers are mounted on different shafts. Required Input RPM to the threshing shaft is given by belt and pulley drive from the input power unit eg. Tractor/motor or engine. . There are two blowers mounted one is for suction and throwing chopped waste and second is for fine cleaning of the output grain. Body of very heavy gauge welded steel plates with the following features

3. sidedshaft thresherMulti Crop Thresher also known as side shaft thresher has threshing rotor and blower. This Machine is state of the art design to handle different variery/size/shape of grains and pulses. This machine can thresh almost all the crops like castor, soyabean, maize, wheat, millet, cluster bean, mustard, pegion pea, mung beans, peas, sunflower, fenugreek, cumin seed, Isabgul(phylium), Rajgara, coriander seed(dhaniya) etc…Construction :In this machine threshing rotor and blowers are mounted on different shafts. Required Input RPM to the threshing shaft is given by belt and pulley drive from the input power unit eg. Tractor/motor or engine. From the back end of the threshing shaft belt and pulley drive is given and a required RPM is transferred to a shaft mounted on one of the side of thresher. And from there with belt and pulley drive rotation is provided to a blower shaft at the back end of thresher. There are two blowers mounted one is for suction and throwing chopped waste and second is for fine cleaning of the output grain.

Operation As the crop to be fed in the feeding hopper , threshing rotor applies gentle threshing/shelling and press the material to the concave sieve made from square polish bars resulting separation of grains and covers. From there onwards grains fall on reciprocating sieve chamber and passes through the screen. Wastage ( chopped straws) can not pass through the holes due to there bigger size and ejected through powerful blowers and falls away from the operating area. Small dust particles which passes through screens along with grains in the reciprocating sieve chamber finally blown by refining fan mounted on main shaft having air discharge to the final output of grains.

Various parts of multicrop thresher

Double Shaft Thresher Rotor

It is available in two types. This rotor rotates on two shaft and due to that the speed of the rotor and fan is proportionally same.

• Chaffer It is very useful for refined chaffing of grains.

• Big Size Sieve The new model is 30" wide. So there are no chances of clogging and the cleaning is done speedily.

Table Due to its special design it can be

moved to and fro and up and down even though it is attached to Thresher.

Rear- Side Blower This facility helps to throw away

residue and to avoid spoiling tractor's radiator in case of change in the direction of wind.

Traction Joint Hook It is specially designed to adjust it

up or down as per requirement.

Gearbox It is designed in accordance with

R.P.M of tractor. So the speed of the sieve can be adjusted according to the crop.

Auto-Feeder Hoaper Modern design and new

arrangement for feeding corn into the machine. This avoids chances of accident. No necessity to push corn into the machine by hands. No injury is caused while drawing wheat, mustard, vetch, etc and also has better average.

When to thresh

thresh the corn when: 20-25% grain moisture80-85% straw colored

and the grains in the lower

part of the panicle are in the hard doe stage

30 days after flowering

CleaningCombination of fan and

oscillating sievesAir delivered by first fan

removes lighter materialsSecond fan removes

heavy materials by flow airs from behind parts of the sieves.

Top sieves with large holes remove larger straw particles

Bottom sieves with smaller holes remove small seeds (e.g. weed seeds)

Losses during threshing

Separation loss or “blower loss” = mature grains that are mixed with straw or chaff during the cleaning operation.

Scatter loss = mature grains that are scattered on the ground during the threshing and cleaning operation.

Threshing loss = mature grains that remain attached to the panicle in the straw after completion of the threshing operation. High threshing efficiency will lead to low threshing loss, and vice versa.

Recommendations for optimizing quality

Threshing at the right time and moisture content

Avoid stacking the cut crop in the fieldAvoid delays in threshing after harvestingUse the proper machine settings when

using a threshing machineClean the grain properly after threshing Avoid delay in drying after threshing

Tips for manual threshing

Thresh as soon as possible after cutting

Hand thresh at lower moisture

Place a large canvas under the threshing frame to minimize shatter loss

Tips for machine threshing

Thresh as soon as possible after cutting

Level the thresherSet machine correctly

drum speeds in thresher (600rpm)

air flow in the cleaner

angle in the cleaner sieves

Setting threshing drum speedRPM Tip speed (m/s) for drum diameters of

30 cm 40 cm 50 cm

400 6.3 8.4 10.42

450 7.07 9.4 11.78

500 7.85 10.5 13.09

550 8.64 11.5 14.4

600 9.42 12.6 15.7

650 10.21 13.6 17.02

700 11 14.7 18.3

750 11.8 15.7 19.64

800 12.6 16.8 21

850 13.4 17.8 22.25

900 14.14 18.85 23.6

Always adjust the thresher correctly. For peg-tooth drums the drum tip speed should be

about 12-16 m/sec (see Table for correct RPM).Higher speeds result in higher grain damage and

de-hulled grains. Lower speeds increase the amount of non-

threshed grain and result in grain loss. Lower speeds also decrease the throughput of the thresher.

Setting concave clearance

Concave clearanceFor most threshers

clearances between peg-teeth and concave should be about 25mm.

Smaller clearance increases grain damage and might lead to clogging of straw.

Larger concave clearances reduce threshing efficiency.

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