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DICTIONARY OF SANSKRIT GRAMMAR

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By Latt~ Mahiimahopadhyaya Kashinath Vasudev Abhyankar,M.A., Retired Professor of Sanskrit, Gujarat College, Ahmedabad; Hon. Professor of Sanskrit, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona and

J. M. Shukla,M.A., Ph.D.,Retired Reader of Sanskrit, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad - 380009

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Oriental Institute. Baroda1986

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First Edition :1961 Second Revised Edition: 1977 Third Edition (Reprint) : 1986 Copies: 2000 FOREWORD The first edition of "A DictionGlJ' of Sanskrit Grammar" by Mahamahopadhyaya Professor Kashinath Vasudev Abhyankar was published in 1961 as Gaekwad's Oriental Series No. 134 by the Oriental Institute under the authority of the M. S. University of Baroda. In 1977 its second revised edition by MM. Professor Kashinath Vasudev Abhyankar and Dr. Jayadevbhai Mohanlal Shukla was publish~ ed with an addition of "about three hundred new entries" (Preface to the second edition .by Dr. J. M. Shukla) as Gaekwad's Oriental Series No. 134. Within a very short span of time the edition went out of print indicating its importance and utility as a reference-book.T',I

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There has been an incessant demand for this book and we are happy to bring out its third editioa. . I tender my'most sincere feelings of gratitude to Professor Dr. M. N. Desai. Vice-Chancellor. M. S. University of Baroda for his keeo interest and for providing facilities for the reprint. I am grateful to Professor RaiJ:il~1 Parikh. Vice-Chancellor. Gujarat Vidyapeeth. Ahmedabad for his interest in this work by persuading the Navajivan Press to accept the printing of this work. "A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar" by photo-offset process. We are thankful to Shri Jitendra T. Desai. General Manager, Navajivan Press. Ahmedabad. for his cooperation and for expediting the printing. I am also thankful to Shri P. N. Srivastav. Manager. M. S. University of Baroda Press and also Shri N. N. Shah. Technical Assistant and my other colleagues in the Oriental Institute for cooperation and fo9' expediting the I publication of this work.

Copies can be had of:The Manager, UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS SALES UNIT, M. S. University of Baroda Press, (Sadhana Press), Near Palace Gate, Palace Road. Baroda-390001

Vadodara 24 March. 1986

S. G. KANTAWALA DIRECrOR ORIENTAL INSTITUTE

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Re-printed by Photo-offset process at the "Navajivan Press. P.O. Navajivan. Ahmedabad-380014" for Shri P. N. Srivastav, Manager, The Malu!/aja Sayajirao University of Baroda Press (Sadhana Press), near Palace Gate, Palace Road. Baroda and published on behalf of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda by Dr. S. G. Kantawala, Director, Oriental Institute. Maharaja Sayajirao University of " Baroda. Baroda. March, 1986.

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PREFACE TO' THE SECOND EDITION Within a few years after the. publication .of 'A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar', the book became out of print. With continuous inquiries pouring in about its availability it was thought necessary that a second edition should be made available to the serious students of Sanskrit learning. Hence, a request was sent to the Director, Oriental Institute, Baroda for the issue of a second edition. He readily accepted the request . Prof; K. V. Abhyankar:, my revered teacher asked me to revise all the entries, add a few more references to the existing entries and further add about three hundred new entries. lreadily accepted his suggestion. The new entries are mostly of the nature of semantic terms. Before the printing of the book was taken up a tragic event took place. Prof. Abhyankar, with Mrs. Abhyankar, their two brilliant young grand children. and an aged servant, met with an unnatural and tragic death. Sanskrit scholars in India and the West were shocked at this unprecedented vagary of Destiny. Prof. Abhyankar was the most authoritative of the grammarians active in India. He enriched research in VyakaraI,).asastra by his scholarly works like Vakyapadiya, Mababh~adipika, Paribhii!?asamgraha ~nd others which are indispensable to students of grammar. I express my deep and sincere sense of gratitude to Dr. A. N. lani, the present Director, Oriental' Institute, Baroda, for planning the completion of printing of this book in a record time of about ten months. But for his zest and vigour the work would not have been completed so soon. I am particularly thankful to Shri Siddhartha Y. Wakankar, Research Officer of the Oriental Institute, for scrupulously correcting the proofs of. this work. I thank the lUthorities and workers of the M. S. University Press for expediting the pri ting of the present work.

~~~ilg-r+rrlSl.(~~lfu~~rif.. IJ{;:~Iif.. qrCfflqf.{tl{ra.'T~+"ll~ ~1l~iJfit\ II ~. IIif~l;;f W:~ll$1 in the sense of past time. cf. ~~ P. III. 2.104.

~~

beaded by a:rftr which are compounded with a noun in the acc. case; cf. 8R[Il'll aTllTll';CRrT:q'G~ a kind of euphonic combination -where the nasal letter iJ.. is dropped and the preced ing vowel (3TT) is nasalised e.g. G:'~T :j1f: rRrQlm:;:lIfa Apisali's Vart. quoted. in M. Bh. on P. IV. 2.45. author of a commentary on paI.:1ini's Liilganusasana. It is doubtful whether he was the same as i3"(lT+J:! or +J~(t:[, the famous astrologer of the tenth century.

~q(?j

~~mr a claES of words headed by the ! word \:!ttl to which the taddhita affix! dlOI., instead" of the usual affixes dlur..i and others, is added in the sense of ! an offspring; d. anttl:, afr;::;qTil: etc. I IGis. on P. IV. 1.86. .~~ that which follows; a term frequently used in the Pratisfikhya works in the sense of ' following' or ; tf~ ; cf. ~tCfU~tI~[;:j)- ~T~ V;%'fl~ j explained by the commentator as . 311i:l1il i3"t:[fuCJufutl~r.,: To- Pro II. 47; d. also ~'fiH .rmfafcifi'lifj ~l~:;r ;:ft ~ to form :;r~; cf. :;r~ffi: Ur;t. sutra. substituted for the short ;:r of the 27 2 root m{ before an affix beginning , with a vowel e.g. fii'ltrfn; cf. ~qlii\l11: Nir. II. 5.

nineteenth century who wrote a Vrtti on P~iJ.Jini siitras called lirf"lffl~'Ii'lf~. He has written many works on tht! Piirvamitlllirllsa. and other Sastras.

atm

~

f\,

the syllable arr called by the term >tI1Jij and generally recited at the beginning of Vedic works. Pataiijali has commented upon the word briefly as follows; ~~ en aN~~~'iT :::(iZi!~!!~~ 1:fId to be participle. of three kinds with reference to the way in which it is .obtained ~SWeq.,'1'1 a technical term used in -from the activity. It is called ~ connection with a preposition which when a transformation or a change showed a verbal activity formerly, is noticed in the object as a result although for the present time it of the, verbal activity, e.g. ifitlJIf.; does not show it; the word is t!sed +!!'D'l, 3fN9i\:01, 9i\Ill, i muccaya deserve a special mention.

as 9iR9i1fl. also tl;it: "Iirlta- 'i'f ar~ ~ 'i'f I 1.13. the word "Iira~r:;jq, which are all dvandva compounds, and which have their first member retaining its own accent; e.g. "Ii1-a-ifir;;jqJarr~I'I"IiT: etc. d. Kas. on P. VI. 237

an

~CfiT~ along with the operation; d.~~rrtjft+rTll'~, rules laying down technical terrr.s and-regulating rules are to be interpreted along with the rules that prescribe or enjoin operations (provided the technical terms occur ill those rules, or; the regulating rules concern those rules). See Pari. Sek. Pari 3.0

rI~ 17~: P. III. ~ (I) a term used by ancient grain-I! 1.95. Tbekrtya affixes, commonmarians in the sense of t past-tense'; ly found in use, are ~, ar.TIrl~ f>fifif'i:; q$Cl~, ~r, 'i~i[T, has edited several grammar works fl1f).u" arfu~Q.; ct. P. Ill, 2.61; 76, and the Candra VyiikaraQa and 77. 87~92; 177-179; (2) the deconducting the Sanskrit journal nominative affix zero applied to named Mafiju!iiii at Calcutta, any substantive in the sense of tehaviour 3l.r~rfflllT (8, 7. 6 ), qRl~ ( 6, 9, 9 ), k4~ affix in the sense of ifT. For the instances of ]iiapakas, see Paribhii ~endusekhara. Puru!,?ottamadeva in his Jfiiipakasamuccaya has drawn numerous conclusions of the type of ~q. VI. 1~163 ) the propert; .'q~9 being transferred. from the original lff to. arrer; d. Kas. ol'ii:q lff'q~f.li~W'.t9C\. 119Rr on P. VII. 1.3.~ a short term

conclusion or formula to be drawn from a Jiiapaka word or words; d. the usual expression