ABC’s Book

Wendy Harp

Aggressive behavior• Aggressive behavior-Action to intentionally hurt

someone either psychologically or physically.

Bully• Bully- A child who frequently threatens, harasses,

or causes injury to particular classmates.

Cognitive process• Cognitive process-A way of thinking about and

mentally responding to a certain event or information.

Differentiated instruction• Differentiated instruction-Individualizing

instruction and possibly content to assist each student’s existing knowledge, skills, and needs.

Ethnic group• Ethnic group- People that have common values,

beliefs, historical roots, and behaviors and that share a sense of interdependence.

Formal assessment• Formal assessment- Preplanned attempt to

determine what students know and can do.

Giftedness• Giftedness- High ability or aptitude in one or

more subjects, and may require certain services in special education in order to help them reach their full potential.

Hearing loss• Hearing loss- Malfunction of the ears or nerves

that may interfere with sounds within the frequency range of normal human speech.

Individualized education plan• Individualized education plan- A written

description of appropriate instructional program for students with special needs.

Jigsaw technique• Jigsaw technique- A way to teach students

materials by dividing them into groups and having the students help to teach their peers.

Knowledge base• Knowledge base- A person’s existing knowledge

about specific topics and the world.

Learning strategy• Learning strategy- One or more cognitive

processes that is used intentionally for a learning task.

Misbehavior• Misbehavior- Action that interferes or disrupts

learning or classroom activities, and puts students’ safety in jeopardy, or violates moral standards.

Neglected student• Neglected student- A student that most peers

have no positive or negative feelings towards.

Overt strategy• Overt strategy- Learning strategy that is

apparent in a child’s behavior(taking notes).

Peer tutoring• Peer tutoring- When one student provides

instruction to another student in order to help them.

Quantitative research• Quantitative research- Research that can be

defined or reduced to numbers.

Reciprocal teaching• Reciprocal teaching- A way of teaching reading

and listening comprehension and students take turns asking teacherlike questions of their classmates.

Scaffolding• Scaffolding- Support that helps learners

successfully perform a task that may be challenging.

Theory of mind• Theory of mind- Understanding of one’s own and

other people’s psychological and mental states ( feelings and thoughts).

Undergeneralize• Undergeneralize- Too narrow of a view of the

objects or events that a concept includes.

Visual imagery• Visual imagery- Forming images or mental

pictures of objects or ideas.

Wait time• Wait time- The length of time a teacher pauses,

either after asking a question or hearing a student’s response, before saying something.

Test anXiety• Test anxiety- Anxiety about a particular test or

assessments.

Self-EfficacY• Self-efficacY: Belief that one is capable of

executing certain behaviors or achieving certain goals.

Zone of proximal development

• Zone of proximal development- Range of task that a student can perform with guidance of others but can not yet perform on their own.