aa3004 the role of high performance doors and hardware in energy efficient buildings

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Program Number AA3004

Presented By:

Dave Wiemer, AHC, CDT

Aaron Smith, LEED AP BD+ C

Director Sustainable Building Solutions

C | 612.325.5719

E | [email protected]

ASSA ABLOY is the global leader in door opening solutions, dedicated to satisfying end-user needs for security, safety and convenience

The Role of High Performance Doors and Hardware in Energy Efficient Buildings

ASSA ABLOY Sustainability Policy

ASSA ABLOY is committed to providing products and services that are environmentally sound throughout the entire production process and the product life-cycle.

Our unconditional aim is to make sustainability a central part of our business philosophy and culture, but even more importantly is the job of integrating sustainability into our business strategy.

Comprehensive Sustainability Report since 2005-6 Utilizing Global Reporting Initiative

Submitting to the United Nations for review

Report Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions to Carbon Disclosure Project

ASSA ABLOY 2010 Sustainability Report

ASSA ABLOY Door Security Solutions

90 Door Opening Consultants throughout the U.S.

Consulting and specification writing services to architects, interior designers, building owners, facility managers, security consultants

Door opening solutions specified to meet the needs of your project

Meet requirements for security, life safety, convenience, aesthetics, and sustainability

Specialize in K-12, university, healthcare, commercial, military, government, hospitality, and retail door opening solutions

Global Team of Experts

Affiliations: Door and Hardware Institute (DHI) American Institute of Architects (AIA) Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) International Interior Design Association (IIDA)

American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS) United States Green Building Council (USGBC)

Designations: AHC | Architectural Hardware Consultants CDC | Certified Door Consultants CDT | Construction Documents Technologists LEED GA/AP | LEED Accredited Professionals PSP | ASIS Physical Security Professionals

Architectural Consulting by Project Phase Integrated Design and BIM (all project phases) Code Compliance Review Try-Me Program product samples

Survey & Walkthrough of Existing Facilities Coordination with building systems & related trades Integrated, Sustainable & Aesthetic Design Solutions

Green your Division 8 Specifications Door & Hardware Schedules assistance Value Analysis, Sustainability Analysis

Review of Shop Drawings & Submittals Jobsite inspection & Punch lists Technical Support

DD

CD

CA

SD

AIA Continuing Education System

ASSA ABLOY Door Security Solutions is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to the CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education (HSW & SD). As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

GBCI Continuing Education System

The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) has approved the technical and instructional quality of this course for 1 GBCI CE Hours towards the LEED Credential Maintenance Program.

ASSA ABLOY is an USGBC Education Provider committed to enhancing the ongoing professional development of the building industry and LEED Professionals through high-quality education programs. As a USGBC Education Provider, ASSA ABLOY has agreed to abide by USGBC established operational and educational criteria, and is subject to annual reviews and audits for quality assurance.

Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

© ASSA ABLOY Door Security Solutions 2011

Please indicate on the Sign-in Sheet whether you would like an electronic copy of the presentation.

Learning Objectives

At the conclusion of this program, participants will: Understand the importance of high-performance door and

hardware solutions in energy efficient and net zero buildings.

Know the difference between Calculated and Operable U factors and air infiltration for optimal door opening energy efficiency.

Identify doors, gaskets, hardware and frames available and their effects on the energy efficiency of the building envelope.

Learn how Green codes & BIM will change the future of door opening specifications.

What else would you like to learn?

Energy Efficiency – Why It’s Important

Two main concerns

1. Monetary costs

Most schools and hospitals spend more on energy than any other expense except personnel!

Rising costs create desire to reduce energy consumption

Building envelope issues increase cost of achieving and maintaining desired heating/cooling levels

2. Environmental costs

Increased fuel usage caused by these issues generates greater amounts of carbon footprint

Energy & Atmosphere

According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC): In the United States alone, buildings account for:

72% of electricity consumption 39% of energy use 38% of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

Energy Efficiency – Envelope Design

High-performance doors and hardware play an important role in enhancing building energy efficiency

A few basic measures can be taken to improve the thermal integrity of doorways in the building envelope

Building design can optimize energy performance Stack pressure within a building forces air

through any opening, causing the heating/cooling system to work harder Need to create an airtight building

envelope Acts as a barrier to lessen thermal

exchange

Fairmont Pittsburgh – LEED Gold

Energy & Atmosphere - Doors & Hardware impact on buildings Approx 40% of energy leakage

comes from the building envelope*

Floors, Walls & Ceilings – 31% Windows - 10% Doors - 11%

*Tony Woods, Air tight buildings, 2005

*

Richard S. Duncan, Ph.D., P.E. Technical Director

Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance

Code/LEED requirements for Opaque Swinging Door specifications

Use door openings that exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Standards by a minimum 5% for remodel and 10% for new

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Operable U Values

Calculated using ASTM C1363

Operable Air Infiltration

Calculated using ASTM E283

New Mandatory Green Codes

IGCC 2012 & ASHRAE 189.1 –

Standard 189.1 is a set of technically rigorous requirements, which like the IGCC, covers criteria including water use efficiency, indoor environmental quality, energy efficiency, materials and resource use, and the building’s impact on its site and its community 30% improvement over 2006 IECC

189.1 Adopted by US Army Corps of Engineers

Reflects the AIA 2030 Commitment

Requires better fenestration

Air infiltration allowance at .2 cfm/sf2 P

Energy Efficiency – Factors to Consider

Measures can be taken to improve the U-factor of an opening

U-factor The measure of heat transmission from one side of an

opening to the other

Lower U-value indicates better ability to prevent heat transmission

R-Factor (Inverse of U) The measure of a material’s ability to resist heat flow

Higher R-value indicates better resistance to heat flow

Energy Efficiency – Converting R to U

Door manufacturers often display the R-value for their products

Energy codes performance guidelines may be expressed in a U-value

Following equation converts R-value to U-value U = 1/(R1 + R2 + R3…etc)

R-11 is equal to a U - .09

Energy Efficiency – Calculated vs. Operable Values Manufacturers have traditionally promoted the calculated

R and U values for their products Determined by a formula, rather than performance test

Calculated core not indicative of real-life performance

Operable value gives a more realistic estimate of product performance Determined by performance testing

ASTM C1363 is the most current test standard for operable thermal transmittance, replacing ASTM C236

ASTM E283 is the most current test standard for operable air infiltration to meet 189.1 and IGCC

Energy Efficiency – Calculated vs. Operable Values Example of differences in calculated and operable R and

U values

Actual installed performance

Recap of Current Commercial Door Codes

Thermal Resistance & Air Infiltration – Commercial Construction

Current

Building Envelope Climate Zones

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1-Energy Standard for Low Rise Residential Buildings2-Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

IGCC – 2012

Air leakage < .2 cfm/sf2

Air leakage < .4 cfm/sf2

Residential Door Codes- not the same Thermal resistance standards for residential construction

No air infiltration standard

Current (as of 2010)

Insulated Core Doors

Closing & Latching

Thermal Break and Kerf Frames

ThresholdsDoor Bottoms / Sweeps

Gasketing

Pulling it all together – Integrated Door and Hardware Assemblies

Thermal Break Frames

Thermal break frames can improve an opening’s U-factor Since door frames are made of metal, a

thermal break consisting of an insulated material is needed to stop heat transmission Reduce heat loss Prevent frost/condensation Provides a positive thermal break within

the frame profile Delivers maximum protection against

cold penetration Ideal for openings exposed to extreme

cold Weatherstripping easily removable

Kerf Frames

Kerf frames Specially designed frames feature a groove

along the frame section that comes in contact with the door edge

Simplifies installation of weatherstripping

Serves as a convenient channel to install weatherstripping without using additional fasteners

Weatherstripping easily removable

Insulated Door Types

Insulated doors boost the R-factor of an opening

Hollow metal doors commonly used in building envelope Constructed from sheet metal in 20-18, 16- and 14-gauge

thickness

Core or interior space can be filled with insulated material

Polystyrene

Polyurethane

Polyurethane Core

Insulated Door Types

Door cores Polystyrene

Features an R-factor of roughly 6.4

Polyurethane

R-factor of about 11 creates an effective thermal barrier

Look for non-ozone depleting CFC and HCFC free

Polyurethane Foam

Mineral Fiberboard

Honeycomb

Polystyrene Foam

Steel Stiffened

Hollow Metal Door Cores

Gasketing & Weatherstripping

All openings have small gaps and creases, Gasketing is needed to fill these creases

Gasketing should be used to fill seams around the jambs and door head

A bottom seal and threshold can eliminate the gap under the door

Openings with a pair of doors also require gasketing to seal the meeting stile

Left untouched, these gaps allow free passage of air and are a significant source of energy loss

ASTM E283 (lab) provides guidelines for air infiltration performance

ASTM E783 (field) provides guidelines for air infiltration performance

Sealing the Gaps

What is air infiltration? Air infiltration: A measurement of the air leakage around the

perimeter of a door opening

CFM = Cubic Feet per Minute

Example of air infiltration test results:

90.1-2007 = Air leakage < .4 cfm/sf2189.1-2009 = Air leakage < .2 cfm/sf2

Gasketing & Weatherstripping

Gasketing available in several materials Silicone Santoprene (100% recyclable- avoid Chloroprene/Neoprene) Vinyl Polypropylene

Materials are flexible Do not impede door operation

Available in varying Grades to meet conditions of different climate zones

Look for products that meet or exceed ANSI 156.22 Door Gasketing and Edge Seal Systems standards

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Accessibility standards requires thresholds be a maximum of 1/2” high

Thresholds, Door Bottoms, Gasket

Integrated Hollow Metal Frame with Weatherstripping

Hardware - ANSI/BHMA Standard

Standards are established to create a minimum level of product performance

Most hardware manufacturers meet the minimum levels

Some manufacturers go above and beyond the standards

Some manufacturers test to Security Grade One standards

ANSI/BHMA Standard A156.13 Mortise Locks & Latches (Series 1000)

Cycle Testing Grade 1Grade

2Grade 3

Mortise

ANSI/BHMA A156.13

standard for cycle testing Min Cycles

1,000,000 800,000 800,000

Some manufacturers

have completed 14,318,360

cycles! 14 times the

BHMA Standard!

EXIT DEVICES

Cycle Testing:Warranties:Materials:

Features:

Functions:

20+ Million5 yrs

S.S. LatchboltS.S. Case

36 Levers Styles11 Finishes

11 FunctionsWindstorm Rated

800,000 1 yrs

S.S. Hollow LatchboltBrass/Aluminum Case


6 FunctionsNo Windstorm

All grade 1 locks are not created equal!

High End Grade 1 Mid Price Point

Door Closers

Mechanical closers used on majority of doorways

Door closer operates in five cycles 1. Opening cycle

2. Back-check cycle

3. Delayed-action cycle

4. Closing cycle

5. Latching cycle

Closing Methods

Surface Closers

Floor Closers

Concealed In Head

Concealed In Door

Energy Efficiency – Door Closers

Overcoming stack pressure Stack pressure created by differences between inside and

outside air pressure

Can create a strong rush of air to flow out that overpowers the closing cycle of the door closer

Door may stay open longer than intended or fail to latch shut

Properly sized closer needed to overcome stack pressure

DOOR CLOSERS – SURFACE MOUNTED

Cycle Testing:Warranties:Materials:

Features:

Functions:

2,000,000 Million1 yrs

1 ¼” Dia. Piston3 Arms

Stamped Arms2 Painted FinishesNo Plated Finishes

Delayed Action36 Levers Styles

11 Finishes11 Functions

Windstorm Rated

10+ Million10+ yrs

1 ½” Dia. Piston33 Arms

Forged Arms5 Painted Finishes7 Plated FinishesDelayed Action


11 FunctionsWindstorm Rated

Energy Efficiency – Automatic Operators

Automatic or power-assisted doors used on heavily-accessed entrances

43% energy savings achieved during 9 month test

Energy Efficiency – Vestibules

Source: Dr. Alexander Zhivov – USACE at CERL – Energy Assessments at US Army Installations

Energy Efficiency – Revolving Doors

Alternatives to swinging/sliding doors Revolving doors

Revolving doors stop the free flow of air Revolving door is never open

Seals remain in contact with walls of the doors at all times

Only air transferred is in the chamber with the person using the door

Energy Efficiency – Revolving Doors

MIT 2006 study Swinging doors allow 8x as much air exchange as a revolving

door

Study estimated that limiting ingress and egress to revolving doors would save school $7,500 a year for a single building

Accompanying reduction in emissions would total about 15 tons of CO2 annually per building

Result achieved by utilizing 2 of the 29 revolving doors on campus!

http://sustainability.mit.edu/content/revolving-doors.

Energy Efficiency - BIM

Virtual Design Construction (VDC) is the process .. BIM is the Tool that Enables the Process

BIM is NOT a software program ..

Database of building information that can be visually represented in 3D

– The power lies in the connectedness between the data and the virtual object

Database is a shared resource ..– Design - Costing - Procurement –

Fabrication - Scheduling - Facility Management

Interoperable models driving Enabling Applications ..

Energy Efficiency - BIM for Energy Simulation

Energy simulation

4D

CostingFabrication

Clash Detection

Quantity takeoff

Images: Burt Hill, University Mechanical, Ryan Homes, View By View, Beck Group, IES, SOM

BIM .. transforming the process

From point-to-point .. Silos of information with

many handoffs

Lack of interoperability

Higher risk for error

Limited responsibility

HVAC HVAC EngineerEngineer


StructuralStructuralEngineerEngineer


Trades & Trades & DistributionDistribution


Constr.Constr.ManagerManager


FacilitiesFacilitiesManagerManager


BuildingBuildingOwnerOwner


CivilCivilEngineerEngineer


ArchitectArchitectArchitectArchitect

BIM .. transforming the process

To centralized .. Earlier design &

performance influence .. a "seat at the table"

Improved constructability & Energy efficiency

Reduced waste, delays, and re-work

Shared responsibility















ArchitectArchitectArchitectArchitect

BuildingBuildingInformationInformation

ModelModel(BIM)(BIM)

BuildingBuildingInformationInformation

ModelModel(BIM)(BIM)

Architects Design and performance

analysis

Trades Increased need for BIM-ready

content. Pre-assembled fabrication.

Contractors Clash detection, scheduling,

jobsite waste reduction

Owners Facility management

The Life Cycle of BIM .. involves everyone

A Sealed Building

Optimize thermal performance: entire building envelope

Create a sealed barrier: prevent air infiltration, heat transfer

Each opening component should be carefully selected Thermal Break frames and Kerf frames

Insulated doors

Door closers

Gasketing

Revolving doors (when possible)

BIM: performance characteristics of door assemblies

Following this strategy, doorways can be used to create a more energy efficient building

This Concludes the Educational Program

Thank you for attending

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Aaron C. Smith, LEED AP BD+C

612.325.5719

[email protected]

sargent

Changed image from cartoon to photo

Codes:

National Fire Protection Association: www.nfpa.org

International Code Council (ICC): www.iccsafe.org

Institutes:

Construction Specifications Institute: www.csinet.org

Window & Door Manufacturers Association: www.wdma.com

Architectural Woodwork Institute: www.awinet.org

ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org

United States Green Building Council: www.usgbc.org

- US Army Corps of Engineers: www.usace.army.mil

- Massachusetts Institute of Technology: www.sustainability.mit.edu

- International Living Building Institute: www.ilbi.org

- AIA 2030 Challenge: www.architecture2030.org

- ASSA ABLOY: www.assaabloydss.com/sustainability

How To Get More Information?

Specification Section Support

08 06 71 – Door Hardware Schedule

08 11 13 – Metal Doors and Frames

08 14 16 – Flush Wood Doors 08 14 23 – Clad Wood Doors 08 14 33 – Stile & Rail Wood Doors 08 17 00 – Integrated Door

Opening Assemblies 08 71 00 – Door Hardware 08 74 00 – Access Control

Hardware

Related Specification Section Support

08 42 29 – Automatic Entrances 08 42 33 – Revolving Door Entrances 08 42 36 – Balanced Door Entrances 08 42 43 – ICU/CCU Entrances 08 71 13 – Automatic Door Operators 27 52 13 – Patient Monitoring and

Telemetry Systems 27 52 23 – Nurse Call / Code Blue

Systems 28 13 00 – Access Control 28 16 00 – Intrusion Detection 28 23 00 – Video Surveillance 28 46 00 – Electronic Detention

Monitoring and Control Systems