a watchdog for indigenous cattle breeds to increase milk ...a watchdog for indigenous cattle breeds...

A Watchdog For Indigenous CattleBreeds To Increase Milk Yield in Indian

Dairy Farms

A.P.Roger Rozario1 , S.Pravinth Raja2,S.Arjuman Banu3, S.Nagarani4

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering1

Department of Computer Science and Engineering2

Department of Science and Humanities3&4

Sri Ramakrishna Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore, India

July 13, 2018

Abstract

Dairying and animal husbandry along with agriculturecontinue to be an integral part of human life since the civ-ilization process started. The demand for milk is tremen-dous, and is growing not only in cities but also in smalltowns and rural areas. Over the past two decades, dairyfarming has progressed in the direction of becoming an or-ganized industry that encompasses not only increased pro-duction of milk and milk products, but also the breeding ofhigher yielding cattle, scientific rearing of animals and feedproduction. Dairy farming in India is now evolving from justan agrarian way of life to a professionally managed industry.India continues to be the largest producer of milk achieving155.499 metric tonnes during 2015-2016 and the demand formilk is also growing. The milk yield is majorly affected dueto improper domestication. Monitoring the activities andhealth of the cattle continuously and taking corrective mea-sures help in increasing the milk productivity. Monitoring

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International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 120 No. 6 2018, 165-178ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

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cattle the whole day requires skilled human personnels andit is also time consuming. Our product senses temperature,rumination and other cattle activities through the sensorsand sends data to data logger. The collected data fromdata logger is sent to the micro-controller and uploaded tocloud. The data are retrieved from cloud to our mobile ap-plication. It alerts the farmers in case of any abnormalities.An algorithm is developed to predict the cattles behavioralchanges and diseases. This helps in preventing the cattlefrom diseases at early stage and increase milk productivity.

Key Words:component; formatting; style; styling; in-sert (key words)

1 INTRODUCTION

Dairying and agriculture continue to be an integral part of humanlife. These practices have contributed not only to the food bas-ket and draught animal power but also for maintaining ecologicalbalance. Owing to conducive climate and topography, Animal hus-bandry and Dairying have played prominent socio-economic role inIndia. India continues to be the largest producer of milk in world.According to the most recent data from food and agriculture or-ganization India has 75 million dairy farms about half of all dairyfarms in the world. More than 90% of Indias milk production con-centrated on 14 of countrys 29 states.

Indian dairy production is characterized as a low input/low out-put system mostly constituted by small and marginal farmers andlandless laborers owning less than five cows or water buffaloes. Ingeneral, milk productivity of dairying animals is very low in whencompared with the global demands. Per Government of India (GOI)statistics for the fiscal year 2014-15, the average milk yield of in-digenous cattle, water buffaloes and exotic breeds is 2.5, 5.2 and7.2 Kg per day respectively.

The Indian dairy sector produced 134.5 million tonnes of milklast year. Over the past decades production increased from 53.9million tonnes in ’90-’91 to 127 million tonnes in 2011-2012. TheAsian country represents 17% of the world’s total dairy production.This makes India the largest dairy producing country in the world.The Indian government is aiming for an intensive expansion of milk

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production to 180 million tonnes in 2021-22. This is happeningwithin the framework of the National Dairy Plan (NDP). Partic-ularly small family farms with few cows account for an importantpart of India’s milk production. In 2010, Indian dairy farmers kepta total of 109 million animals for the dairy industry (almost halfconcerns buffaloes). Development of our system focuses on Indiandairy industry which increases the countrys GDP.

The demand for milk is tremendous, and is growing not only incities but also in small towns and rural areas. Despite the increasingdemand driven by more nutrition consciousness of people, increas-ing population and their incomes, for the past few years Indias milkproduction rate did not witness a spectacular growth whereas itsconsumption is increasing at faster rate.

The health of the cattle plays a major role in the milk pro-duction. The various factors that affect the milk production areclimate, feed, bacterial and viral infections, stress, nutrition defi-ciency, mastitis etc. The farmers will get to know that the cattleare affected by disease only at its lateral stage of disease. This im-proper domestication will drastically affect the milks quantity andquality. Monitoring the activities and health of the cattle in farm-ing industries continuously and taking corrective measures helpsin increasing the productivity. Monitoring of cattle the whole dayrequires skilled human personnels and it is also time consuming.

2 PROPOSED SOLUTION

Indian diary has output value of INR 5,00,405 crore in 2014-2015which proves that diary is the high-ranking market commodity inIndia. Based on the report by National Dairy Development Board(NDDB), the demand for milk will reach about 155 million tons by2016-2017 and about 200 million tons by 2022. To meet the demandin the absence of increased production, India will need to dependon foreign imports. This situation is due to improper maintenanceof cattle by the farmers and no development of innovative prod-ucts in the market to support the cattle maintenance. The milkproduction has to be increased to an average of 5 million tonnesper annum for the next 15 years to supply the demand. The milkyield is reduced mainly due to low genetic potential, lack of nutri-

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tional feeds and inadequate veterinary services. Indias growth inmilk production therefore largely depends on an increase in veteri-nary services and sufficient additional quantities of feed and fodder.People follow the traditional technique involving labor to monitorthe activities of cattle which will not lead to meet the national milkdemand. The proposed model has non-invasive sensors which mea-sures the particular characteristics to monitor the health activitiesof cattle. This dairy management system helps to maximize cattleperformance and boost efficiency of milk productivity. The smart-tag focuses on individual cows and helps in identified the activity,behavior, position, signs of heat, etc. The information is turnedinto real time and reports to the farmers and maps to manage theherd effectively. It combines the advanced range of specificationsin a single, technical and yet easy-to-use smart tag.

The main objective is to increase the milk production by moni-toring the health of the cattle 24/7 through mobile application us-ing and implementing appropriate remedies automatically or withthe help of veterinarian services. It allows to access the health andwellness of the farm without having to leave the comfort of yourown home.

3 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS OP-

ERATION

A modeling related to monitoring of physiological parameters andvariations has been obtained in the cow. The general block diagramfor the proposed model is given below,

Figure 1: Block Diagram

Our project is based on Precision Livestock Farming (PLF),unlike more traditional livestock management methods which fo-cus on the herd, PLF is based on: 1. the monitoring of variables

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at the individual level and at an appropriate frequency with reli-able sensors. 2. The development of predictive models describingthe animals responses to environmental stimuli for each measuredvariable. 3. The comparison of the prediction models with what isactually measured through the sensors.

Our model uses a specially designed tag fitted to the cow, whichmounts all the sensors for monitoring the cattle health and behav-ior. Sensors enable the monitoring of many physical variables. Theflex sensor fitted to the cattle tag, as a result of the cattle jaw move-ment changes the electrical resistance between the electrodes whichinduces a change in voltage which in turn produces a signal whichwas proportional to the extent of the jaw movement and waving.It is used successfully to differentiate grazing and ruminating be-haviors and to measure time spent grazing, ruminating and idling.The temperature sensor monitors the cattle temperature and alertsthe farmer in case abnormal temperatures which drastically affectsthe milk production. The sensor also helps the farmer to detectpregnancy at an early stage. Tracking location on cattle is done byGlobal system for Mobile Communications.

The Accelerometer sensor helps in determining the resting pe-riod of the cow since resting period determines the milk produc-tivity. Microphones used for recording jaw sounds of a grazingruminant can be used to discriminate bites or chews. This al-lows the classification between grazing or ruminating behavior tobe achieved over time with a succession of bites or chews. In amicrophone, sounds are going through a flexible diaphragm andcause vibrations. The output electrical signal is proportional to theintensity of these vibrations as well as their frequencies.

All the sensors are interfaced with the partical photon and thesensed values are stored in the cloud. A unique algorithm is used todetect the status of the cattle taking into account all the sensed pa-rameters and an android app alerts the farmers to take appropriateactions in case of any abnormalities.

4 INTERFACING AND WORKING

A. FLOWCHART:The flowchart for watchdog to alert the farmers when needed is

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given below,

Figure 2: Flowchart for watchdog

B. PLACEMENT OF SENSORS:The disease of cattle and its behavioural changes and the place-

ment of sensors to monitor the changes are given below,

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Figure 3: Tabular column for diseases, symptoms and placementof sensors

C. OPERATION OF SENSORS:

i) Temperature and Humidity sensor (DHT11): DHT11 is a cal-ibrated composite sensor with digital output of temperatureand the humidity sensing technology with high stability. Itconsists of NTC temperature measurement devices and a 8-bit processor.

ii) Pulse Sensor KG011: KG011 is a composite sensor with an analog output of thepulse, this helps to find the rate of flow of blood. It is athin, small, low power sensor with Conditioned analog outputvoltages. The sensor is a polysilicon surface-micro machinedstructure built on silicon wafer. Polysilicon springs suspendedstructure over the surface wafer provides resistance over theblood flow. The resistance of the polysilicon increases whenthe blood flows and it is converted into a voltage and thisis measured continuously for a period of time. It is used todetermine the pulse rate of the human or an animal.

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iii) Microphone Sound detection module KY-038: The microphone is used to feed the input to an amplifier,peak detector and the buffer. When the sensor detects asound, it processes an output voltage signal which is sent tocontroller, then performs necessary processing. Microphonesare generally scalar sensors of pressure. They exhibit an om-nidirectional response, limited only by the scattering profileof their physical dimensions. Sound intensity or sound powermeasurements require pressure-gradient measurements.

iv) Accelerometer ADXL335: ADXL335 is a thin, small, low power, complete 3-axis ac-celerometer with conditioned output voltages. This can mea-sure acceleration of about ±3g. It can measure the staticacceleration of gravity resulting from motion, shock and vi-bration.

The sensor is a polysilicon surface-micro machined structurebuilt on silicon wafer. Polysilicon springs suspended structure overthe surface wafer provides resistance over the acceleration forces.Deflection of the structure is measured by a differential capacitorconsists of fixed plates and plates attached to the moving mass aredriven by 1800 out-of-phase square waves. Acceleration deflects themoving mass and unbalances the differential capacitor resulting ina sensor output whose amplitude is proportional to acceleration.Phase-sensitive demodulation techniques are used to determine themagnitude and direction of the acceleration.

5 DEVELOPMENT OF WEB USER

INTERFACE

The web user interface reflects a dashboard which displays the sta-tus of the cow and the entire farm. The web UI is created usingnode red software.

A. NODE RED:Node red is an open source visual editor for wiring the Internet

of Things (IOT).The system contains ”Nodes” which look simplyto be icons that can be dragged and dropped on to the canvas andwired together. Each Node has different functionality.

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Figure 4: Node icons

The nodes typically falls under input operation or output. Node-RED provides a browser-based flow editor, which can be used tocreate JavaScript functions.

B. STEPS IN CREATING NODE FLOW:

1. Add an inject node:

The inject node allows us to inject messages into a flow. Wecan also set a time intervals between every injects.

2. Add a debug node:

It displays the messages in the debug sidebar. As a default, itjust displays the payload of the message, but it is also capableof displaying the entire message object.

3. Wiring of nodes:

The inject and debug nodes are connected together by drag-ging between the output port of one to the input port of theother.

4. Deploy:

The nodes that are displayed in the editor must be deployedto the server.

5. Add a function node:

This node allows to pass the message as a JavaScript func-tion. The function node is wired between the inject and debugnodes.

C. MQQT:MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a publish-

subscribe-based messaging protocol. It works on top of the TCP/IPprotocol. It is designed for giving connections for remote locationswhere there is limited network bandwidth. Every messaging patternrequires a message broker.

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MQTT is a machine-to-machine (M2M) data transfer protocolthat is quickly becoming the leading messaging protocol for the In-dustrial Internet of Things (IIoT). MQTT collects data from manydevices and then transports that data to the IT infrastructure. It islightweight, and therefore ideal for remote monitoring, small codefootprint or where network has limited bandwidth.

D. WORKING:MQTT is a publish/subscribe protocol that allows the network

devices to publish to a broker. Clients are connected to this broker,which act as a communication medium between the two devices.Each device can subscribe, or register to particular topics. Whenany client publishes a particular message on a s topic, the brokertakes up the message and forward it to the other required client.

MQTT is bidirectional. The light weightiness and efficiencyof MQTT makes it possible to significantly increase the amountof data being monitored or controlled. Prior to the invention ofMQTT, approximately 80% of data was being left at remote loca-tions, even though various lines of business could have used thisdata to make smarter decisions. MQTT helps to collect, transmit,and analyze more of the data being collected.

E. APPLICATION OF MQQT:MQTT was initially developed for low-bandwidth, high-latency

data links. MQTT is now used in many applications from control-ling smart lighting systems to the Face book Messenger application.MQTT appears to be the best suited protocol for the control sys-tems applications used by industries.

F. WEB UI MODELLING:Particle photon pins are configured for each sensor and it is con-

nected with the cloud server by the help of an auth code or by thehelp of MQTT broker. An interactive webpage is designed in orderto get the exact status of the farm and to give a live view about thefarm. An app is developed with the help of semantic framework togive an interactive UI for the users. The app is supplied with thedata from the cloud server. The app is designed in such a way togive report about the farm and to send alerts about the abnormalcattle.

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Figure 5: IoT Diagram

Figure 6:Product collar

Figure:7 Android application for the farmer

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

IoT Technology was applied for the monitoring of the cows in thedairy farm. The developed system was tested for a period of 30

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days taking three reference sample cows. Temperature, Rumina-tion, mooing pattern and activity of the cows were monitored andthe data was collected through IoT and stored in the databasefor further analysis. The collected data was processed through aunique algorithm which forecasts the diseases that might occur andthe factors affecting the milk yield and alerts the farmer and thedoctor linked to the cow. This procedure reduced the operationcost by up to 17% with respect to the maintenance of the cows andthe doctors were alerted in case of any abnormalities in the statusof the cows.

References

[1] Meenakshi.M,Snehal.Skharde,Advanced cattle health monitor-ing system using arduino and IOT, international journal ofadvance research in electrical, electronics and instrumentationengineering, vol.5,issue 4,April 2016.

[2] Kunjabihari swain, Satyasopanmahato, Meerinaatro Cattlehealth monitoring system using arduino and LABVIEW forearly detection of diseases, 2017 IEEE 3rd International con-ference on sensing, signal Processing and security.

[3] L.Nagl, R.Schmitz, S.Warren,Wearable sensor system for wire-less state of health determination in cattle, Proceedings of the25th annual international conference of IEEE EMBS.

[4] Lan Zhang, Jian Lu, Hironao Okada and Hirofumi NogamiDevelopment of ITO and fet based cow rumen sensor for longterm ph value monitoring, 2016 Symposium on Design, Test ,Integration & Packaging on MEMS and MOEMS.

[5] Phung Cong Phi Khanh, Ngyuendinhchinh and Trinh ThiCham Classification of behavior using 3-dof accelerometer anddecision tree algorithm IEEE 2016.

[6] Kevin Smith, Angel Martinez, Howard Erickson, Daniel An-dersen and Steve Warren, An integrated cattle monitoring sys-tem, Proceedings of the 28th IEEE, New York City, USA, Aug30-Sep 3,2006.

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[7] [7] Hai Wang, Abraham O. Fapojuwo, Senior Member, IEEEand Robert J. Davies, A Wireless Sensor Network for Feed-lot Animal Health Monitoring,IEEE sensors journal, Vol.16,No.16, Aug 15 2016.

[8] Anuj Kumar and Gerhard P. Hancke, Senior Member, IEEE, AZigbee-Based Animal Health Monitoring System, IEEESensorsJournal, Vol 15, No 1, Jan 2015.

[9] Steve Warren, Angel Martinez, Timothy Sobering and DanielAndresen Electrocardiographic Pill for Cattle Heart Rate De-termination,30th annual International IEEE EMBS conferenceVancouver, British Columbia,Canada,Augest 20-24,2008.

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a watchdog for indigenous cattle breeds to increase milk ...a watchdog for indigenous cattle breeds...

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