a social network is not a graph

A Social Network is not a Graph

Y.C. TayNational University of Singapore

in collaboration with : Zhifeng Bao, Yong Zeng, Jingbo Zhou

(fmsasg.com)

Tripartite Graph Clustering for Dynamic Sentiment Analysis on Social Media

papers

CS104 Information and Information SystemsSocial Networks and Graph Theory

courses

Exponential Random Graph Models for Social Networks

books

but a social network is not a graph

a social network is not a graph because(1) a social network is dynamic but a graph is static

Facebook: TAO social graph

(Bronson et al,USENIX ATC 2013)

graph is not up-to-date

master database

pulled

updates

a social network is not a graph because(2) a social network is multi-dimensional whereas a graph is one-dimensional

(fmsasg.com)


Aisha Bala

Facebook friends Twitter

follower comment

tag

job

hobby

family

education

node attributes

edge attributes


Link Prediction Problem (e.g. "People You May Know")

graph properties

Prob(link) = f (node degree, path length, ...)

e.g. [Lichtenwalter et al, KDD2010][Liben-Nowell & Kleinberg CIKM2003]

much better [Bao et al, ASONAM2013] :

Prob(link) = f (coauthor, citation, affiliation, ...)academic community

multi-dimensionprincipalcomponentanalysis

one dimensiongraphalgorithms


Cluster Discovery

algorithm(conductance, betweenness, ...)

e.g. [Leskovec et al, WWW 2008][Mishra et al, Internet Math 2008]

syntactic graph properties

much better [Bao et al, ER2013] :

algorithm(number and frequency of interactions)academic community

semantics of relationship

a social network is not a graph because(3) a social network contains many graphs

e.g. [Zhou & Lin, KDD2013]

data model: social graph + interaction graph + influence graph

e.g. social network for photographs:

bird watchers, gourmet cooks, photo journalists, Bollywood fans, ...

e.g. Facebook's TAO graph: thousands of edge types

female malegraph

type = gender:

a social network is not a graph because(4) social network analysis often not expressible as graph navigation

e.g. How do coauthor communities evolve over time?

sample SQL query to find #coauthors for papers in SIGMOD conferences between 1995 and 2000:

select count(*) from coauthor, proceedings p, conference cwhere coauthor.paper_id = p.paper_id

and p.proceeding_id = c.proceeding_idand year(c.publication_date) > 1995and year(c.publication_date) <= 2000and c.proc_profile like `%SIGMOD'

expressible as graph traversal?

requires aggregation, joins, selection, non-key attributes.

a social network is not a graph because(5) hard to express/impose data integrity constraints on a graph model

foreign keyse.g. tagging a face in a photo: tag.photo_id must be a photo.photo_id

functional dependenciese.g user_id uniquely determines name

etc.

a social network is not a graph because(6) there are no industrial strength graph data management systems

concurrency control

crash recovery

query optimization

integrity constraints

data warehousing

triggers

index structures

buffer managementsystem catalog

data normalization

access control

data sharding/replication

decision supportview materialization

data mining

data dictionary language

stored procedures

if not a graph,then what?

We want a data model for social networks that

(III) facilitates database schema design for social networks

(IV) facilitates database system engineering for scalability

our proposal: sonSchemaa relational database model of restricted form

(I) is supported by commercial database management systems

e.g. DB2, SQL Server, Oracle

(II) is supported by database management systems that are affordable for social network start-ups

e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL

(I), (II) (III), (IV)

a social network is a group of userswho interact through social products

starting point: what is a social network?

sonSchema : a relational database model of restricted form

sonSchemaentities

user

group

private_message

social_product

post

relationships

friendship

membership

product_relationship

product_activitiy

response2post

user

product

user-user

user-product

product-product

sonSchemaentities

user

group

private_message

social_product

post

relationships

friendship

membership

product_relationship

product_activitiy

response2post

conceptual schema

logicalschema

exampleinstantiations

exampleinstantiations

individualadvertiser

cricket_clubBeatles_fans

photoblog

emailannouncement

couponpoll event

contact_listfollower

commentretweet

vote-electioncoupon-event

share_videotag_photo

like_comment

sonSchema

secondary key

primary key

conceptual schema:

sonSchemaexample instantiation: academic community

group

post

response2post

user

friendship

We want a data model for social networks that

(III) facilitates database schema design for social networks

(IV) facilitates database system engineering for scalability

our proposal: sonSchemaa relational database model of restricted form

(I) is supported by commercial database management systems

e.g. DB2, SQL Server, Oracle

(II) is supported by database management systems that are affordable for social network start-ups

e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL

(I), (II) (III), (IV)

We want a data model for social networks that(III) facilitates database schema design for social networks

architecture to automatically translatesocial network design into sonSchema instantiation

We want a data model for social networks that(IV) facilitates database system engineering for scalability

leverage on sonSchema's restricted formto design a scalable protocolfor strong consistency

leverage on sonSchema's restricted formto efficiently find best query plan

result: sonSQL

our ambition is for sonSQL to replace MySQLas the default database system adopted by new social network services

http://sonsql.comp.nus.edu.sg

a social network is not a graph

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