a rebirth of the human spirit 1300-1600. renaissance europe europe 1550

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A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600

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Page 1: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

A Rebirth of the Human Spirit

1300-1600

Page 2: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Renaissance Europe

Europe 1550

Page 3: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Time of Change

Page 4: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

What was the Renaissance?

Renaissance, French word for "rebirth"

What was reborn?? • a desire to imitate the

classical world Greece & Rome • a time of creativity and

adventure• a time of intellectual and

economic changes that occurred in Europe

Page 5: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

What was the Renaissance? Who was reborn?

• Only a small percentage of the population involved but… mighty in its influence!

• Middle and aristocratic classes

Page 6: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Renaissance Estates

• Nobility- People were born into nobility– Expected to have character, grace, and talent

– Must be able to perform military exercises and have a classical education

• Clergy- priests • Townspeople/Peasants

– Townspeople were mainly merchants (family very important to this class)

– Peasants worked for the nobility or did not have jobs

Page 7: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

• Perhaps what was most important was the…

• Rebirth of the human spirit… How?

1. An emphasis on human everyday experience, the here & now!

2. Individual achievement was highly valued

3. Developing an educational background from classical

The ”Renaissance “man” or “woman” ideal was the person with talent in many fields.

Page 8: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

What were the causes of the Renaissance?

1. Trade, Banking and Commercial Agriculture

2. Political Power of the Middle Class

3. Large fortunes led to rise of patrons

4. Rise in universities 5. Birth of the printing press-

Gutenberg6. Writing in the common language

of the people- vernacular authors- Dante, Chaucer, and Shakespeare

Page 9: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Humanism: Spirit of the Renaissance

A new intellectual movement that started in Italy – -Studied classical cultures &

writings philosophers Greek and Romans

– -Focused on secular themes– Loss of respect for the

church– Concerned about business,

politics, and entertainment

Page 10: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Humanism’s Impact Results

More people are concerned with their jobs, money and status.

Religion becomes less important in the western Europe but maintains its hold on the continent.

Appreciation for the arts as a product of mankind; not just a religious symbol

Page 11: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

1. Niccolò Machiavelli, was an Italian statesman and writer

2. Considered one of the most significant political thinkers of the Renaissance

3. His best-known work, describes cunning and unscrupulous methods for rulers to gain and keep power.

Page 12: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Where it all began…Italy

In the fifteenth century, Italy was not the unified country we know today.

At that time the boot-shaped peninsula was divided into many small independent states.

Page 13: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Why Did the Renaissance Begin in Italy?1. Center of the

Roman civilization – had all the remains of the glory that was Rome in architectural and artistic fields

2. Italian cities had survived the Middle Ages and grown into prosperous centers of trade and manufacturing.

Page 14: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Why Did the Renaissance Begin in Italy?

3. A wealthy merchant class in the Italian city-states stressed education and individual achievement and spent lavishly on the arts.

Page 15: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

The Role of Florence Like most, it was a center

of banking, trade and manufacturing

Became the cultural center of Europe whose patron influence by the Medici Family made it possible

Florence produced an amazing number of gifted poets, artists, architects, scholars, and scientists.

Venice and Milan also played major roles in the Renaissance movement

Page 16: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Renaissance Arts

Emphasized individual talent in painting, sculpture, architecture, literature and music

Architecture returned to the domes and columns of ancient Greece and Rome

Page 17: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Expressed own values & emotion Realism (define) Perspective (define) Balance & Proportion

New Painting Styles & Techniques

Focused on secular, mythological & religious

themes

Page 18: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

More Painting Techniques

Tempera paint (water color) dried to quickly, but oil water colors allowed artists to correct mistakes because of its slow drying time. The new techniques include using oil paints to paint on fresh plaster, creating, a new unique type of fresco

Used in the Sistine Chapel Ceiling!

Page 19: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Old Art Compared to New Art The medieval

artists often painted bland two dimensional pictures (top).

The Renaissance artists painted luscious three dimensional pictures (bottom).

Page 20: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Major Artists Hog the Spotlight!

They all use the new modern day techniques! They are (clockwise): Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Donatello. These are by the artists themselves!

Page 21: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Donatello Donatello is

considered the odd man out because of his unusual style and interests

He was a major in carving reliefs, which was quite unique for his time.

Donatello carved in wood, bronze, and marble.

Page 22: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

“The Mother” ??

Donatello is considered to be the mother of the other three famous artists.

They all copied and used his techniques.

He promoted realism. Highly influenced art in Florence!

Page 23: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Leonardo da Vinci

Called the original “Renaissance Man, “ why?

Made sketches of nature and of models

Dissected corpses to learn how the human body worked

Studied botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, and

engineering

Page 24: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Leonardo da Vinci Made sketches for

flying machines and undersea boats

Masterpieces include The Mona Lisa and

The Last Supperst Supper

Page 25: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Like many before him, Leonardo dreamed of flying like the birds.

Not only was he an artist, but an accomplished scientist and inventor

Leonardo made sketches of a flying machine that were based on the flight of birds.

Page 26: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

He first tried to make an aircraft that would flap its wings to get a man into the air but later discarded the idea.

Leonardo also foresaw the invention of the parachute and the helicopter, showing that he was, indeed, a true visionary..

Page 27: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Raphael

Page 28: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Raphael

Studied the works of Michelangelo and Leonardo

Paintings blended Christian and classical styles

He often painted pictures of the virgin Mary in bright colors, contrary to common practices.

Page 29: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Michelangelo’s Life

Born March 6, 1475 in Caprese, Italy

Mother died when he was six

Grew up without affection

Father wanted him to be a merchant

Page 30: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

The Pieta at

Saint Peter's

Basilica Created at 23 years of age!

Page 31: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

Michelangelo wanted to learn about anatomy

by studying corpses.

The Catholic Church forbid it.

He made an agreement with the Church that he could

study bodies in return for a carved wooden crucifix.

Studying bodies made him ill many times.

Page 32: A Rebirth of the Human Spirit 1300-1600. Renaissance Europe Europe 1550

David