A PRACTICAL GUIDE TOCONTEMPORARYPHARMACY PRACTICESECOND EDITION

Judith E. Thompson, R.Ph., M.S.Clinical Associate ProfessorSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin

With CD/audiovisuals by

Lawrence W. Davidow, Ph.D., R.Ph.Director. Integrated LaboratoriesDepartment of Pharmacy PracticeThe University of KansasLawrence, Kansas

LippiNCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINSA Wolters Kluwer Company

Philadelphia • Baltimore • New York • LondonBuenos Aires • Hong Kong • Sydney • Tokyo

CONTENTS

PARTIPROCESSING THE PRESCRIPTION 1.1

Chapter 1 Prescription and Medication Orders 1.3Chapter 2 Labeling Prescriptions and Medications 2.1Chapter 3 Controlled Substances 3.1Chapter 4 Expiration and Beyond-Use Dating 4.1Chapter 5 Drug Utilization Review Medication Use

Evaluation 5.15/lapter 6 Patient Consultation 6.1

PART 2CALCULATIONS 7.1

Chapter 7 Quantity and Concentration Expressions andCalculations 7.3

Chapter 8 Evaluating Dosage Regimens 8.1Chapter 9 Aliquots Calculations 9.1Chapter 10 Isotonicity Calculations 10.1

PART 3COMPOUNDING DRUG PRODUCTS 11.1

Chapter 11 General Guidelines For Preparing Compounded DrugPreparations 11.3

Chapter 12 Selection, Storage, and Handling of CompoundingEquipment and Ingredients 12.1

Chapter 13 Weighing and Measuring 13.1

PART 4PHARMACEUTICAL NECESSITIES 14.1

Chapter 14 Pharmaceutical Solvents 14.3Chapter 15 Preservatives 15.1Chapter 16 Antioxidants 16.1Chapter 17 Buffers and pH Adjusting Agents 17.1Chapter 18 Viscosity-inducing Agents 18.1Chapter 19 Surfactants and Emulsifying Agents 19.1Chapter 20 Colors, Flavors, Sweeteners, and Scents 20.1Chapter 21 Vehicles for Liquid Preparations 21.1

XI

XII Contents

Chapter 22 Ointment Bases 22.1Chapter 23 Suppository Bases 23.1

PART 5DOSAGE FORMS AND THEIR PREPARATION 24.1

Chapter 24 Powders 24.3Chapter 25 Capsules, Lozenges, and Other Solid Oral Dosage

Forms 25.1Chapter 26 Solutions 26.1Chapter 27 Ophthalmic Solutions 27.1Chapter 28 Suspensions 28.1Chapter 29 Liquid Emulsions 29.1Chapter 30 Ointments, Creams, Gels, and Pastes 30.1Chapter 31 Suppositories 31.1Chapter 32 Parenteral Products 32.1Chapter 33 Parenteral Nutrition 33.1

PART 6COMPATIBILITY AND STABILITY 34.1

Chapter 34 Compatibility and Stability of Drug Products andPreparations Dispensed by the Pharmacist 34.3

APPENDICESAppendix A Abbreviations Commonly Used in Prescriptions and

Medication Orders A.IAppendix B Common English Titles and Synonyms B.IAppendix C Weights and Measures C.IAppendix D Approximate Solubilities—Descriptive Terms D.IAppendix E Nomograms for Determination of Body Surface Area

from Height and Weight E.IAppendix F Normal Weight and Height Measurements for

Children F.IAppendix G National Center for Health Statistics Growth

Charts G.IAppendix H Isotonicity Values H.IAppendix I Code of Ethics for Pharmacists I.I