a man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. mark twain mark...

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A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain

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Page 1: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain

Page 2: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain
Page 3: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain
Page 4: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain
Page 5: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

THUNDERSTORMS

Page 6: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

THUNDERSTORM - A STORM WITH VISIBLE LIGHTNING AND AUDIBLE THUNDER

ON AVERAGE, 1800 THUNDERSTORMS HAPPEN AROUND THE GLOBE DURING ANY DAY.

Page 7: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

BECAUSE OF THE TURBULENCE IN A THUNDER CLOUD, THE WATER DROPLETS AND ICE CRYSTALS WILL BREAK APART AND BECOME ELECTRICALLY CHARGED.

GENERALLY, THE TOP OF THE CLOUD IS POSITIVELY CHARGED, AND THE MIDDLE AND LOWER PORTIONS ARE NEGATIVELY CHARGED.

WHEN THE CHARGES BECOME LARGE ENOUGH, ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES WILL OCCUR.

Page 8: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

THE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE HEATS AIR TO VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES.

THIS CAUSES A RAPID EXPANSION OF THE AIR, AND THIS IS THUNDER.

THE AIR IS HEATED TO 50,000o F AND LITERALLY EXPLODES.

Page 9: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

BETWEEN 75 AND 100 PEOPLE ARE KILLED EACH YEAR IN THE U.S. FROM LIGHTNING STRIKES.

APPROXIMATELY 10,000 FIRES ARE STARTED BY LIGHTNING EACH YEAR.

NASA DISCOVERED A HIGH CORRELATION BETWEEN LIGHTNING STRIKES AND THE AMOUNT OF ICE IN CLOUDS.

Page 10: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

TORNADO - A VIOLENTLY ROTATING COLUMN OF AIR IN CONTACT WITH THE GROUND

THE U.S. AVERAGES 800 TORNADOES PER YEAR.

ONLY ABOUT 1% OF THE 100,000 THUNDERSTORMS THAT OCCUR EACH YEAR SPAWN TORNADOES.

RISING WARM AIR AND COOL DOWNDRAFTS COMBINE TO FORM AIR IN A HORIZONTALLY ROTATING TUBE.

THIS TUBE CAN TILT AND RESULT IN A TORNADO.

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TORNADOES USUALLY FORM ON THE TRAILING EDGES OF STORMS.

Page 14: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

WEAK TORNADOES WITH WINDS UNDER 110 MPH ACCOUNT FOR 69% OF ALL TORNADOES AND 3% OF ALL TORNADO DEATHS. THEY USUALLY LAST 6 TO 10 MINUTES.

Page 15: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

STRONG TORNADOES (WINDS 110 - 205 MPH) ACCOUNT FOR 29% OF ALL TORNADOES AND 27% OF ALL TORNADO DEATHS.

THEY MAY LAST 20 MINUTES OR LONGER.

Page 16: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

VIOLENT TORNADOES (WINDS OVER 205 MPH) ACCOUNT FOR ONLY 2% OF ALL TORNADOES, BUT 70% OF ALL TORNADO DEATHS. THEY CAN LAST OVER AN HOUR.

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Page 18: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

57 DEATHS AND 1,248 INJURIES

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WATERSPOUTS - WEAK TORNADOES THAT OCCUR OVER WATER

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WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF A TORNADO.

1. GET INTO A BASEMENT, IF POSSIBLE, UNDER STURDY FURNITURE OR A WORK BENCH

2. GET IN A HALLWAY, CLOSET OR BATHROOM - AN INTERIOR ROOM IS BEST

3. IF OUTSIDE, LIE FLAT IN A DITCH AND COVER YOUR HEAD

4. IF IN A MOBILE HOME, GET IN A BATH TUB WITH A MATTRESS OVER YOU

Page 25: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

MOST TORNADO DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES AND MOBILE HOMES.

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Page 27: A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain Mark Twain

Comparison of Weather Risks

CountrySevere

Thunderstorms

Tornadoes

SevereWinterStorms

Hurricanes,Tropical

Cyclones,Typhoons

FlashFloods

U S A 10,000/yr 1000/yr 10/yr 10/yr 1000/yr

Australia 500 < 100 0 10 100

Canada 500 10 20 0 10

France 100 < 10 10 0 10

Germany 100 < 10 10 0 10

Japan 500 < 10 10 10 50

United Kingdom 100 10 10 0 10

Russia/fmr USSR 5,000 10 20 0 100

China 10,000 < 10 5 20 500

Data courtesy NOAA, NWS