a european youth alcohol culture? convergent and divergent trends in adolescent alcohol consumption...
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A European youth alcohol culture?
Convergent and divergent trends in adolescent alcohol consumption 1999–
2007
Thoroddur Bjarnason
University of Akureyri, Iceland
“DRY” “WET”
Frequency Low High
Per occasion High Low
Total consumption Low(er) High(er)
Beverage preference Spirits, (beer) Wine
Cultural stereotype Nordic Mediterranean
Wet vs. dry alcohol cultures?
Convergence over time? (no longer true)
Too simplistic? (never true)
“DRY” “WET”
Frequency Low High
Per occasion High Low
Total consumption Low(er) High(er)
Beverage preference Spirits, (beer) Wine
Cultural stereotype Nordic Mediterranean
- Denmark - Cyprus - Finland - Greece - Iceland - France - Norway - Malta - Sweden - Portugal
Wet vs. dry alcohol cultures?
Frequency of adolescent drinking
30 day frequency of drinking
0,9
1,21,3 1,4
3,84,0 4,1 4,1
4,7
5,7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Iceland Norway Sweden Finland Cyprus Greece France Italy Denmark Malta
Nordic average
Southernaverage
GreeceFrance
Denmark
Malta
Italy
CyprusPortugal
NorwaySweden
Iceland
Finland
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0
Change in frequency 1999–2007
1999: 1,12007: 2,4
Nordic average
Southernaverage
GreeceFrance
Denmark
Malta
Italy
CyprusPortugal
NorwaySweden
Iceland
Finland
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0
1999: 3,3
2007
: 1,
7
Change in frequency 1999–2007
Quantity of adolescent drinking
pure
2,1
3,1
3,6 3,63,9
4,1
5,2
5,75,9
7,5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cyprus Greece France Italy Malta Iceland Sweden Finland Norway Denmark
Quantity on last occasion
Frequency vs. quantity
Greece
MaltaItaly
Denmark
Cyprus
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Iceland
France
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency in past 30 days
Qu
an
tity o
n la
st o
cc
as
ion
(cl. p
ure
alc
oh
ol)
3,8
6,8 6,97,7 8,0
12,2
14,6 14,7
22,1
35,4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Iceland Sweden Norway Finland Cyprus Greece France Italy Malta Denmark
Estimated 30 day quantity
Adolescent beverage preference
21
27
32
37 38 39 39
4345
56
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Malta Greece Sweden Italy Norway Finland Denmark France Iceland Cyprus
Proportion beer on last occasion
35 5 5
7
10 10
1618
21
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Iceland Finland Norway Sweden Denmark Cyprus France Italy Greece Malta
Proportion wine on last occasion
24 25
2830
32
35 35
43
46
52
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Finland Norway Iceland Denmark Cyprus Sweden Italy Greece France Malta
Proportion spirits on last occasion
1 2
6
12 12
24 24
28
32 32
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
France Cyprus Malta Greece Italy Iceland Denmark Sweden Finland Norway
Proportion other on last occasion
“DRY” “WET”
Frequency Low High
Per occasion High Low
Total consumption Low(er) High(er)
Beverage preference Spirits, (beer) Wine
Cultural stereotype Nordic Mediterranean
Wet vs. dry alcohol cultures?
Convergence over time?
+ ++ ++ +- ( )+ +
- Divergence
Beer, spiritsBeer, other
University of Akureyri