a design catalog: tako pit thong mine 2014

Site Visit 2 Research Quartz-Solar Valley

Beyond Borders

Mining Hydroperation

Mining Reminiscence

Tako Canyon

S 3H 2 Flow Frontier Minescape Tako Sawan Baanna Members Involved

rE-Min(d)e+Spa

School of Mine

Tako Mining Camp

Project Equilibrium

Open Minded Tako Mine

Museum of Mining

Tako Park

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TABLE OF CONTENT

3

Site VisitTako Pit Thong

24-26/01/2014 & 22-23/01/2014Tako Pit Thong, Suan Phueng, Ratchaburi, Thailand

13°40’25.62”N 99°10’39.11”E

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UNEARTH: Building on an ExcavationTako Pit Thong

2541411 Architectural Design VChulalongkorn University, Faculty of Architecture, an International Program in Design + Architecture

Instructor: Yarinda Bunnag

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PROJECT BRIEF

This studio is about mining. Historically, culturally,and ecologically, mining is considered one of mostbrutal endeavours man has ever pursued. Theinhospitable environments - the harsh surrounds of rocks, the subterranean darkness, the agitatedground - in addition to the life-threatening exposureto toxic chemicals and explosive machineries makemining one of the most degrading occupations mancan have, even to this day.

Mines and quarries are manufactured landscapeswhose formations are direct results of thetechnological processes used for extraction ofresources from the ground. In surface mining,explosives are placed strategically along the mineral veins - where maximum amount of mineral orescould be extracted. Dimensions of cut terracesin stone quarries are determined by the size ofmachineries used for extraction and transportationof dimension stone. The scale of mining pits andstone quarries are some of the largest and mostextreme manmade landscapes that unfortunately, inmost cases, provide no ecological or environmentalbenefits. Instead, after the industries move out,these mining sites are like contaminated scars anddead skin on the earth’s surface that take years forrehabilitation before the land could be habitable byflora and fauna again.

But we need mining. As long as humans continue tobuild and consume, we will always rely on the earth’s resources. The foundation of our capital economydepends on our ability to produce and trade, startingwith natural resources as means of establishing valuecurrency. And therefore, the command of naturalresources - coal, oil, minerals - equates directly tothe power of controlling the global economy. Whatis the ultimate capitalistic dream if not to strike gold?The irony is that, even though most of us are wellaware of the environmental hazards mining brings,many communities still welcome the industry intotheir towns. From a socioeconomic perspective,mining boosts the economy, increases job options,and creates investment opportunities. This is allpossible, as long as the resources don’t run out.In this studio, we will focus on mining as a tectonicprocess and mines as manufactured landscapes latent

with opportunities for productive interventions inaddition to resource extraction. We will inquire intothe role that architecture can play in this processof earthly operations. Can we remove the stigmaof mining by creating a place that is more criticalof the surrounding communities and ecology? Wewill collaborate with engineers, landscape architectsand geologists in order to maximise our knowledgeand resources, and to expand our scope of inquiryto include, not only the immediate context of thesite, but also the larger ecological and urbanisticnetworks around the area.

TAKO PIT THONG MINE

Our site is situated in Ratchaburi province. TakoPit Thong mine sits on a mineral belt that covers anarea of 3.4 km2 along the western border betweenThailand and Myanmar. It was one of the majorsuppliers of tin in Thailand since 1971, up until 1985when the Asian market was taken over by other largersuppliers from China and Indonesia. After that, themine continued to operate as a feldspar and quartzmine and was eventually decommissioned in 1991.Today, Tako Pit Thong is still rich with minerals. Theold factory along with the mining machinery remainintact. Previous mine pits have now become ponds.The government issued a plan to recommission themine as well as to turn the site into an eco-tourist/educational destination for learning about mineralresources as well as mining processes. Conveniently,Tako Pit Thong is located only 30 km. from SuanPhueng, one of the popular tourist towns of westernThailand. With plans to construct a deep sea port inDawei, Myanmar, the site will also fall on the majortrade route connecting Dawei to Bangkok, makingthis a prime opportunity to reinvigorate Rachaburi’s mining industries as well as to attract more peopleto the area.

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RESEARCHMINING & SITE ANALYSIS

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DESIGN PROPOSALSBUILDING ON AN EXCAVATION

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QUARTZ - SOLAR VALLEY

The design investigates how architecture can potentially emerge from post-mining landscape, didactically pronounce the qualities and specificities of its previous operations, while simultaneously consolidate the prospect of quartz solar power generation.

Mining process manipulates a great deal of landscape topography. First, topsoil has to be removed in order to drill holes in the ground for inserting explosive materials. Then blasting occurs to open up the earth surface, before the overburden is removed to reach the ore deposits. Very specific dimensions are required for these processes, for example main access road to all the benches are determined directly from width of transporting trucks and height/reach of excavators in the operation. These elements will later be used to create architecture.

And why the quartz? Because Tako Pit Thong has over 16 million tons of quartz left unmined. This amount of quartz can be processed into 6 million tons of solar-grade-silicon to produce photovoltaic cells. Equivalent to 9-14 million million baht value and 960,000 megawatt of electricity in commercial scale (45% more than annual Thailand’s average needs).

However, the production process still requires a lot of energy input i.e. furnaces in quartz purification. There are new processes such as electrochemical oxygen extrusion and direct wafer, which require 1/3 less energy and cost half less. These methods still need laboratory-scale testing, before operating in commercial scale.

Therefore, Tako Pit Thong has great potential to become Quartz - Solar Power Research School Valley, that does not only self-sufficiently produce electricity and sell photovoltaic panels, but also home of researchers who would educate university students on quartz solar power and its production technologies, and of course, on the mining processes & operations.

โครงการน มงเนนการเตบโตของสถาปตยกรรมทพฒนามาจากกระบวนการทำาเหมองแรควอตซ โดยรายละเอยดของการออกแบบตวอาคารทงหมด จะสามารถใหความร และสอใหผคนเขาใจถงขนตอนการทำาเหมองทสำาคญ และในขณะเดยวกน ยงเปนศนยกลางการผลตและวจยพลงงานกระแสไฟฟาจากแรควอตซไดอกดวย

การทำา เหมองแรส งผลกระทบโดยตรงและกอให เกดการเปลยนแปลงของทงภมทศนและภมสถาปตย เรมจากการขดหนาดน เพอเจาะรและวางระเบด เปดหนาดนและชนหน เพอจะสกดสายแรมาใชประโยชน โดยแตละกระบวนการมเอกลกษณทละ-เอยดและนาสนใจ ยกตวอยางเชน ขนาดของถนนหลกและทางลาดในเหมอง จะถกกำาหนดโดยความกวางยาวของรถบรรทก และความสงของรถยก ซงลกษณะเฉพาะเหลาน จะถกกลนกรองมาถายทอดผานการออกแบบสถาปตยกรรมตอไป

เพราะเหตใดจงตองสกดแรควอตซ? เนองจากเหมองตะโกปดทอง มแรควอตซมากกวา 16 ลานตน ทยงฝงตวอยและยงไมถกนำามาใชประโยชน แรจำานวนมากน สามารถนำามาผานกระบวนการผลต เปนแผนพลงงานแสงอาทตยได คดเปนมลคากวา 9-14 ลาน ลาน บาท หรอกระแสไฟฟากวา 960,000 เมกะวตต ซงถอเปน รอยละ 45 สงกวาปรมาณความตองการไฟฟาเฉลยตอปของทงประเทศไทยเสยอก

อยางไรกตาม กระบวนการผลตกระแสไฟฟาจากแสงอาทตยน ยงใชพลงงานอยมาก เชนการใชเตาเผาเพอทำาใหควอตซบรสทธ ซงในปจจบนกมกระบวนการแนวใหมเชน อเลกโทรเคมคล เอกซทรชน และ ไดเรท เวเฟอร ทใชพลงงานนอยกวาสามเทาตว และตนทนตำากวากนสองเทา แคยงตองผานการทดลองและศกษาวจยเบองตน กอนทจะสามารถขยายกำาลงการผลตเปนขนาดอตสาหกรรมได

เพราะฉะนน เหมองแรตะโกปดทอง จงมความเหมาะสมอยางมาก ทจะเปนศนยกลางการเรยนร วจยและผลตพลงงานแสงอา-ทตยจากควอตซ โดยไมเพยงแคสามารถผลตไฟฟาขายและใชเอง แตยงเปนสถานทใหความรแกทงนกเรยนและนกทองเทยว เกยวกบเทคโนโลยการผลตพลงงาน ไปพรอมๆกบวถการทำาเหมองแรของชมชนอยางยงยน

Waranchalee Suwanpimolkul วรญชล สวรรณพมลกล

A Mining Choreography สบวถเหมองแรชมชนพลงงานควอตซ-แสงอาทตย

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PROSPECT OF SOLAR POWER PRODUCTION FROM QUARTZ

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The quartz veins are deposited along the mountain rage that, fortunately, gets the most effective sunlight throughout the year. Allowing perfect location for the research center as well as direct relationship between mining landscape and the emerging architecture.

This site plan shows locations of the existing processing plant in relation to the research school, as well as access roads resulting from the mining operations.

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PHASE I

PHASE II

PHASE III

Strip mining would be the best type to occur on the mountaintop, where minerals are deposited closer to the earth surface. Contour mining would be along steeper slopes of the mountain. In the meanwhile, the existing processing plant would be utilized as temporary labs and production line.

The school construction starts, right on top of the previous mining site since the mining has prepared the landscape. Slope of the main mining access road determines dimensions & becomes the building’s main corridor. The carved contour suggests programs of processing plants and outdoor theatre where gravity & leveling play important roles, respectively. And these mined benches would automatically express the depth of the ore as well as dimensions used in mining operations. The labs, cafeteria, dormitories, and other classrooms are all located along the mining bench length as well.

Construction keeps safe distance from the ongoing mining sites; 100m. away from blasting dust, and 200-300m away from noise pollution.

Once the facilities are ready, researchers can now move to the new building, leaving the old existing plant available for future development of feldspar mining. The university can be fully functioned along with the relocation of quartz processing plant and solar panel production line expansion; which acts as another criteria for design decisions. The hovering truss-structured roof supports over a hundred arrays of solar panels with automatic tracking of optimum angles toward the sun throughout the day. Solar testing fields are also installed along the south contour. Altogether, this can power at least 120 homes and processing plants for over 50 years.

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MAIN ENTRANCE

CAFETERIA

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RESEARCH LABS

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SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVEPrograms are also allocated according to the different requirements of light exposure. Chemical labs and solar equipment testing stations that need to be out of the sun, rest within the traces of auger mining that was dig into the surface. In contrast with the classrooms, cafeteria and libraries that hover above the ground.

Throughout the design, architecture emerges from the landscape. It is ‘built on excavations,’ choreographing the mining operations and processes, and mediating the coexisting & contrasting programs of earthly mining & the solar technology. The building itself does not only educate students & visitors, but also create sustainable electricity and income for the entire community.

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TAKO PIT THONG MINING CAMP

Tako pit thong is an abandoned mining site, which is one of the many manufactured landscapes that are left contaminated and unused. These manipulated landscapes can be found all over the world and mostly abandoned. Only a few of these landscapes is actually renovated and made into good use.

Similar to other industrial sites, Tako Pit Thong also has the existing elements that have a potential to be made use in some ways. There are processing plants filled with machines used in the process of mining, the hilly landscape in which some parts are the result from mining, such as the pond that was a result from mining pit, the people in the community that came from different roots that made the site even more special. These elements make Tako Pit Thong very suitable to become a camping destination, where the campers could learn about mining in the actual mining environment, and enjoy the camping activities at the same time.

Normally, there are two types of camping; one is the summer camp where there will be accommodations and leisure facilities provided. While another type is the more extreme type of camping, campers would be sleeping in tents and be more exposed to the surroundings. Tako Pit thong mining camp will be a hybrid between the two. There will be accommodations provided, but most of then will be an adaptation from the existing components of the site, so campers will still be exposed to the extreme environment of the site.

There will be a total of 4 camp spots; the separation plant, crushing plant, excavation spot, and mineral storages. Other interesting parts of the site will be turned into activity stations. By doing these activities and staying in these camp units, the campers will automatically get familiar to the mining site and learn from the actual mining machines. At the same time, it will improve the site, bring in more people, and bring back the life to the community.

ตะโกปดทองตงอยในพนทเหมองเกา ในอำาเภอสวนผง จงหวดราชบร พนทนมอาคารโรงงานทใชในการบดแร รวมทงเครองจกรตางๆอยเปนจำานวนมาก และเนองจากกลวธในการทำาเหมอง สงผลใหสภาพภมศาสตรเปลยนแปลงไปดวย พนทประเภทนเกดขนอยหลายจดทวโลก และเปนปญหาสำาคญทหลายคนตระหนกวาเราจะทำาอยางไรเพอปรบปรงและพฒนาพนทเหลานนใหกลบมาใชงานไดอกครง

ตะโกปดทองมองคประกอบหลายๆอยางทสามารถนำามาดดแปลงและใชประโยชนได ยกตวอยางเชน อปกรณเครองจกรตางๆ, ลกษณะพนททตงอยในหบเขา มบอนำาทเกดจากการทำาเหมอง, รวมทงผคนทอาศยอยในบรเวณน หลายครอบครวเคยทำางานอยในเหมอง ทำาใหมความเชยวชาญในการทำาเหมองเปนอยางด องคประกอบเหลานทำาใหตะโกปดทองมความเหมาะสมในการปรบปรงเปนพนทสำาหรบทำาแคมป ทจะใชเครองมอในการทำาเหมองมาดดแปลงใหเปนทพกอาศย หรอเปนททำากจกรรม แคมปตะโกปดทองนจะสามารถดงดดนกทองเทยวใหเขามาในพนท สรางรายไดใหแกชาวบาน รวมทงใหความรแกผทมสนใจในกลวธการทำาเหมองอกดวย

นกทองเทยวทเขามายงตะโกปดทองแคมปจะไดสมผสกบบรรยากาศของโรงงานทำาเหมอง ไดสมผสและเหนการทำางานของอปกรณเครองกลชนดตางๆทจะเปดใหไดชมตามเวลาทกำาหนดในแตละวน ทพกอาศยจะดดแปลงมาจากหองเกบเหมอง ทนำามาทำาความสะอาดและดดแปลงใหกลายเปนหองนอนและหองนำาเพออำานวยความสะดวกแกผทมาพก ในขณะเดยวกน มกจกรรมตางๆทมาจากการดดแปลงอปกรณในเหมอง อาทเชน ปนกำาแพงหน, ปนเชอก, ปนจกรยาน, เดนสำารวจพนท, รวมทงกจกรรมทางนำา เปนตน กจกรรมเหลานจะทำาใหนกทองเทยวมความคนชนกบสภาพแวดลอมของเหมองเกา และไมรสกวาพนททำาเหมองเปนพนททนากลวอกตอไป

Peechaorn Pimarnprom พชอร พมานพรหมตะโกปดทองแคมป

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SITE CONDITION

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DESIGN STRATEGYThe locations of each camp spots and activity spots are chosen based on the locations of the buildings and infrastructures that are related to mining. The topography is also taken into consideration to determine the interesting spots to place the camp. Other spots that have the interesting elements, but were not a good place to be camping, will be the resting spot for people who go hiking or biking on the trails.

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SEPARATION PLANTThis plant will be an area for demonstrating the machines, as well as a place for camp units that are modified from the old mineral silo.

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ELEVATION

BEDROOM

BATHROOM

WATER STORAGE

SEPARATION PLANTCAMP ACCOMMODATION

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CRUSHING PLANT There are 4 camp units located in this plant. The camp accommodation is a modification from the leftover mining machines.

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ELEVATION

CRUSHING PLANTEXISTING CRUSHING PLANT

PROPOSED DESIGN

BEDROOM

BATHROOM

WATER STORAGE

CRUSHING PLANTCAMP ACCOMMODATION

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MINERAL EXCAVATION CAMP UNIT

MINERAL STORAGES

This unit is where you can get the best view of the whole mining site.

This unit is the best spot for water activities with the pleasant scenery of the reservoir.

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ELEVATION

ELEVATION

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OUTDOOR ACTIVITYThere are outdoor camp activities adapted from the existing infrastructure of the site such as rock climbing, rope course, water activities, biking, and hiking.

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rE-Min(d)e+Spa

The research about E-waste, the fastest growing solid waste in the world. The statstic tells us that it will reach 50,000 million tons in our World. The fact that the comsumption rate of the electronic device is higher and higher is not the thing that frighten the nature but it is the fact that the life span for the electronic device is rapidly decreasing. It used to take us 4 years to change a new mobile phone but now the rate of changing a new mobile phone is 1 year. Not only phone but Television and computor as well. It is not only the comsumer fault but is is also the producer or company fault as well for no handling this e- waste, which is very toxic. How can we prevent this? Is there any better solution for this crisis of E-waste than dumping it on third world country? What could be a better solution?

Recycling e-waste or the E-mining which means mining from the e-waste is one of the method that has been use in many of the country to re-use, and recycling the fastest solid waste. The facility of E-mining is more environmentally friend and release less toxic to the environment. What is the different between normal facility and this rE-Min(d)e + Spa is that this Mining and Spa will rise an awareness of the situation of the e-waste. E-waste in everyone mind is highly toxic, but the fact is it is toxic when is treat in a wrong ways. This rE-Min(d)e+ Spa is challenging the idea of cleaning it righs that e-waste becomes a non-toxic and in a way use as a product in other field. in this case a Spa. After a stay at the rE-min(d)e+ Spa, user will understand the process of recycling and the situation which indeed will give them another perception of this E-WASTE.

โครงการนเปนโครงการทเรมจากการมองหาการทำาเหมองในอนาคต เนองจากการทำาเหมองในยคเกาๆนนหมดยคไปแลว โครงการนจงนำาเสนอการทำาเหมองในรปแบบใหม ซงมประสทธภาพมากกวาในการทำาเหมองแบบเดมๆ

การทำาเหมองแนวใหมนนคอการทำาเหมองจากการ Recycle ขยะอเลกโทรนกส ซงเปนขยะทมมลพษและเตมโตเรวทสดในโลกตอนน ขยะอเลกโทรนกส ณ ขณะนมการจดการอยางไมถกตอง ซงทำาใหเกดมลพษมากมาย สงผลไมดตอสงแวดลอม ทำาไหการทำาเหมองแนวใหมนนน มประโยชนตอสงคมและสง-แวดลอม

เนองจากขณะนมคนตระหนกถงปญหานเปนสวนนอย ทำาใหการแกไขนนนยากเปนพเศษ โครงการนจะนำาเสนอมมมองทงสองดานของ การใชอปกรณอเลกโทรนกส แลว ผลทตามมา ทำาใหคนใชไดรถงตนเหตและปลายเหตของปญหาน

Choen Tuangsintanakul เชญ ตวงสนธนากลเหมองแนวใหม กบ สปา

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E-waste dump site atmosphere collageThis is the atmospheric collage of the e-waste dump site. The situation that happening around the world, mostly in third world country.

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E-Waste Production line

E-waste Destination

The production line of E-waste is very simple but yet creates such an impact..

The statistic shows that Asia is the region that import the E-waste the most from 7 regions.

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Thailand E-waste SituationThailand has only 2 registered e-waste recycling factory. The method of extracting precious metal in e-waste is done by a local junk shop which there are 9,000 shops in Thailand. The wrong method of extraction cause the toxic chemical release into the environment. So it is an important factor that Thailand needs to concern about. In a few decade Dawei Deep sea port will connect the two ocean which makes the site of Suan Phueng has a great potential to be a connector

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Benefit of E-waste RecycleRecycling e-waste can creates alot of benefit such as reduce the original mine extraction from the Earth surface, Reduce toxic chemical use in the process of extraction,reduce the release of toxic chemical by wrong method of extraction, creates jobs for community and creates income from precious metal.

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Thailand E-waste Situation

E-mining Linear Procress Diagram

Thailand has only 2 registered e-waste recycling factory. The method of extracting precious metal in e-waste is done by a local junk shop which there are 9,000 shops in Thailand. The wrong method of extraction cause the toxic chemical release into the environment. So it is an important factor that Thailand needs to concern about. In a few decade Dawei Deep sea port will connect the two ocean which makes the site of Suan Phueng has a great potential to be a connector

Through each process the mining will create both primary products, which is precious metal, and secondary products, which is the material that can be use for other program.

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overlapping of Programsthere is 4 main programs in the project which Education, Tourism, E-mining, and energy sytem. Each individual design to overlapping on each other to be able to aware of how each system work.

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Existing and new Structure

Massing Rendering

Machines Arrangement

Systematic, Pipeline, and Material Trail

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Entrance Perspective

Dismantling Perspective

Axonometric Plan

Entrance creates a feeling that the nature is embrace the visitor.

The atmosphere in the Dismantling factory. The visitor will notices the consequence from the electronic use.

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Museum PerspectiveVisitor center Perspective

Laboratory PerspectiveElevator Perspective

The connection between the old machine and the new machine to compare the different and similar of old mining and new mining.

The visitor will be able to over look through all of the process of e-waste recycling.

The visitor will be able to over look through all of the process of e-waste recycling. This is the point of view in the laboratory floor.

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Spa PerspectiveSpa Perspective

Living Unit PerspectiveHot spring Perspective

This is visitor looking down the mining process to over look byproduct that creates from the e-waste recycling that will be pumped up and use in the spa.

This located on the 5th floor which is the green roof.

Living among the nature.The different hot spring with different of temperature

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MINING REMINISCENCE:

It’s been know that the extractive nature of mining operation is destructive in a way that it creates a variety of impact on environment before, during, and after mining operation. Apart from direct physical impact of extractive activites, contamination of land, water, and air may also result. However, there is an over exaggeration and misunderstanding on the myth of mine being dangerous since one never really understand what it is exactly and how destructive it is. It become important that people begin to be able to understand the real impact of this industry in a much more experiential way, especially, when nowsaday that environmtal concern grow more and more.

“How architecture can pronounce the impact of mining, and become the didactic tools of measuring and recording that create a better understanding of environmental impact.”

Mining Reminiscence have turned an old mine of Tako Pit Thong into a school where the mine will be re-operated and the site will be used as a test ground for experimenting new technique and component in the mining operation. Along with other facilities such as observation tower, station, dormitory, student common, and etc., the measuring instruments are being developed to measure the impact of mining operation and translate these scientific data into visual art that can easily be understood by both professions and tourists. Focusing on the dust particle, noise pollution and solid waste, these devices would measure the impact of mining during blast to visualize the effect of different scenario, yet this system also works as an archive where it bring back way of marking or measurement.

This land-art project will benefit researchers and students, local residences, and toruists in way that would enhance the learning process of this mining industry. This school would be the first school of mine in Thailand that provide faculty and students, beside classes and laboratories, with on-field study and a test ground. Local residence would receive a better life quality where the impacts of mining are being controlled and filtered constantly through these measuring devices. Lastly, the Mining Reminiscence would attract tourists from different places and educate them precisely on the actual impact of mining with hope to raise optimistic perception toward this industry.

อนเปนททราบกนวาทงในระหวางและหลงการดำาเนนงานเหมองแรไดกอใหเกดอนตรายและผลกระทบหลากหลายตอสงแวดลอมและมผลทางกายภาพโดยตรง ไดแก สารปนเปอนของดน, นำา และแมกระทงในอากาศ แตมความเขาใจทเกนกวาความเปนจรงและไมถกตองเกยวกบผลกระทบทเกดขนจากการดำาเนนงานเหมองแร วาผลกระทบและอนตรายทแทจรงคออะไร ทำาใหปจจบนความสำาคญทจะตองทำาใหคนมความเขาใจในผลกระทบทแทจรงตอสงแวดลอมในการดำาเนนงานเหมองแรมมากขน

“ทำาอยางไรจงจะสามารถนำาเอางานสถาปตยกรรมมาเปนสวนแสดงผลกระทบของการดำาเนนงานเหมองแร และเครองมอในการวด และการบนทก เพอสรางความเขาใจทดขนของผลกระทบตอสงแวดลอม”

โครงการ การกลบมาของเหมองแร จะทำาการเปลยนเหมองเกา ตะโกปดทองใหมาเปดเปนโรงเรยนเหมองแร โดยการนำาวธการดำาเนนงานเดมกลบมาใช และใชพนทเปนสนามทดสอบเทคนคใหมๆเพอพฒนาขนตอนการดำาเนนงานของอตสาหกรรมเหมองแร พรอมเพมสงอำานวยความสะดวกมาก เชน หอสงเกตการณ ,สถาน, หอพก ฯลฯ เครองมอวดถกพฒนาขนเพอตรวจวดผลกระทบของการเหมองแรและแปลขอมลทางวทยาศาสตรเหลานเปน ภาพทมองเหนดวยแสงตาง ๆ ซงสามารถจะเขาใจไดงายทงผเชยวชาญและผสนใจทวไป โดยมงเนนศกษาอนภาคฝน มลพษทางเสยงและวสดปลวอน ๆ ซงเครองมอวดจะตรวจวดผลกระทบทเกดขนในระหวางการระเบดใหเหนเปนภาพผลกระทบจากสถานการณทแตกตางกนและเครองมอวดนจะสามารถแสดงผลกระทบเปนภาพยอนใหเหนไดใหม บนอปกรณตาง ๆ ตามสถานการณทตองการได

วตถประสงคของโครงการนเพอเปนประโยชนตอผวจย, นกศกษา, ผสนใจทวไปและผพกอาศยบรเวณเหมองแรจะไดรบรถง ผลกระทบตอสงแวดลอมจากการดำาเนนงานของเหมองแร และโรงเรยนแหงนจะเปนโรงเรยนแหงแรกของประเทศไทยทนกศกษาสามารถทำาการศกษาในชนเรยนและหองปฏบตการในภาคสนามจรงได และผพกอาศยในบรเวณเหมองแรจะไดรบคณภาพชวตทดขน จากการทมการควบคมผลกระทบจากการดำาเนนการเหมองแรอยางตอเนอง ผานเครองมออปกรณการวดทจดขน

สดทายนผศกษาหวงวาการศกษาครงนจะไดรบความสนใจจากผเกยวของอนๆและนำาเครองมอวดตาง เหลานไปใชประโยชนในงานภาคสนามจรง ๆ เพอเขาใจและรบรถงผลกระทบตาง ๆ ทเกดขนตอสงแวดลอมจากการดำาเนนการเหมองแรทงนเพอยกระดบคณภาพชวตของผเกยวของและพฒนาอตสาหกรรมเหมองแรตอไป

THE ART OF MEASURING EXCAVATIONPloynisa Mongkoladisai พลอยนสา มงคลอดสย

ศลปะของการตรวจวดงานขดเจาะการกลบมาของเหมองแร

109

EXISTING CONDITION OF TAKO PIT THONG MINE AND TYPE OF MINING

110

AN ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF MINING OPERATION

111

OPTIMUM SAFE DISTANCE FROM EXPLOSIVE EXPERIENCE DURING BLASTING ACTIVITY

114

OSCILLATION OF LIGHT

View of Tako Pit Thong Mine at night, illuminated on land by a distributed series of Oscillation of Light.

115

Sensing and Feedback of OSCILLATION OF LIGHT

116

DUST BARRIERThe relationship of Dust Barrier to the seasonal cycle of prevailing wind and the amount of dust reflected through these glowing fiber mesh at night. This instrument provide places for the community to gather, while measuring the density of dust around the Tako Pit Thong Mine. The new node of light strengthens landscape framework and improves safety at night.

117

Sensing and Feedback of DUST BARRIER

118

FLY ROCK SCALEThe devices along traditional hiking routes act as wayfinding devices and create a network of connection points between remote journey. They collect widespred data of distance and amount flying rock resulted from blasting activites.

119

Sensing and Feedback of FLY ROCK SCALE

120 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS OF OBSERVATION STATION

121TECHNICAL DRAWINGS OF OBSERVATION TOWER

123

PROJECT TITLE

(project description)Change is norm. Bangkok is transforming. The adaptation of the city in confronting socioeconomic and environmental challenges is inevitable. Massive reinvestments in infrastructure are opportunities for landscape architects to redefine design framework and degree of intervention in offering essential services from water resources, waste cycling, energy generation, food cultivation, and mass mobility. On the upper Gulf of Thailand, six provinces of Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) including Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Nonthaburi, Pthum Thani, Samut Sakhon, and Samut Prakan cover 7,650 square kilometers of the Chao Phraya Estuary. After the founding in 1783, the city was transformed over 200 years by socioeconomics and consumerist influences, which contributed to rapid urbanization and infrastructure development.

In early period, the construction of extensive waterworks was influenced by global demands of agricultural products. Massive irrigation projects were to supply sufficient water and control excessive rainfall. After the collapse of the world market for agricultural product between 1980 and 1986, the monetary and trade reforms engaged foreign investment and export manufacturing. Since then, Thai’s economics had fully shifted toward industrialization, which contributed to the construction of land-based infrastructure. In a present day, increasing population and urbanization contributes to 8,700 ton of solid waste and 2.4 million m³ of wastewater daily. Transportation system accommodates over 6.7 million vehicles a day. Energy network serves electric consumption of 29,200 GWh yearly.

Annually, Bangkok releases 42.65 million ton of Carbon Dioxide, while the absorbent capacity of green space is merely 100,000 ton (0.2%). Bangkok is operated by complex network of infrastructure and biophysical landscape in facilitating socioeconomic and ecological transactions. They function synergistically to produce and distribute a continuous flow of essential goods and services. Examining in historical and geographical time scales, these infrastructures are fragile and ephemeral. Confronting environmental shifts, maintenance is required, and the relationship between infrastructures and changing ecosystems must be reemphasized and recalibrated.

เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท ดเาสเดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท

เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท

เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาทะาสรนสาารทาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท เดเมทเพะพาแมดำาดไผรอาดกเาหดอหรนพพทาำาเสปมดาท

เดกไหกดเทาำาพะรนยาสสทอแเาาเะดพกำาหไกำาดพราสทดอแกหปแกดอเทามสกำาพดเะราสนพดเะาทมสพดเะราสพดรานพดเาทมำากดพเะราสน_ำาภพถคาตสนไหำากดพเะราดอเทามส

your name ชอ นามสกลชองาน

137

BEYOND BORDERS

As Ratchaburi just opened a new temporary border station in last year, I proposed the border station with a casino. The casino idea is derived from the fact that this site used to be a mineral mining industry which used to produce a lot of money and job opportunities for miners in the past. However, the economy in that time and the demand of mineral was declined so the mining had to be shut down.

To bring back the similar outcome of the past, a casino is proposed to attract new tourists to Suan Pueng district rather than traditional resorts. With the Dawei deep sea port that opens in 2014 and AEC mergers in 2015, the route between Karnjanaburi and Bangkok will become a tourist attraction. Ratchaburi is just below the Karnjanaburi and Pu-narm-rorn border station and takes only 3 hours to travel from capital city. This makes it a good spot for tourists to visit.

Casino also has a really long history in Thailand since the rama 3 period. Unfortunately it had to be shut down due to various problems in that time. But there were more than two times in the history that the government and some corporate try to bring back the casino industry to Thailand. According to current law, casino is considered as an illegal business in Thailand. However, Thai people have an access to legal gambling located near Thailand such Poipet in Cambodia, Myanmar or even Singapore. Also 99% of those casinos near Thailand border are owned by Thai people and the 70% of the customers are also Thai. Moreover, there are approximately 300 illegal casinos in Bangkok and Thai people lose 200 billion baht to illegal casino annually which is around 8% of the GDP.

The project aims to perform the negotiation between two highly contrast programs within the extreme landscape of old mining area. Border control and casino are combined to create the new deregulation area, where users can experience the existence of casino when they enter the building. The casino then slowly to reveal itself within some part of program yet completely concealed from the outside.

ราชบรไดมจดผานแหงแรกในจงหวด กอตงขนเมอป 2557 ทอำาเภอสวนผง ขาพเจามแนวคดในการนำาจดผานแดนมารวมกบคาสโน แนวคดการนำาคาสโนมาใชรเรมจากการทไซทงานแหงน เคยเปนอตสหกรรมการทำาเหมองซงสามารถสรางรายไดอยางลนหลาม และสรางงานใหคนทองถนเปนจำานวนมาก แตอยางไรกตามความตองการแรไดลดลง เหมองเลยปดตวลงในเวลาตอมา

เพอทจะนำาความรงเรองในยคของอตสาหกรรมการทำาเหมองกลบมา แนวคดของคาสโนจงไดถกนำาเสนอในแผนงาน เพอทจะดงดดนกทองเทยงมายงสวนผง โครงการทวายทจะเปดตวในปพ.ศ. 2557 และการรวมเปนอาเซยนในปพ.ศ. 2558 จะทำาใหเสนทางคมนาคมระหวางกาญจนบร และกรงเทพกลายเปนเสนทางทองเทยว ราชบรเปนจงหวดทตดกบทางใตของราชบร และจดผานแดนพนำารอน นอกจากนนยงใชเวลาเพยง 3 ชวโมงในการเดนทางจากเมองหลวงเขาราชบร ทำาใหราชบรมศกยภาพทจะพฒนาเปนททองเทยงแหงใหม

คาสโนอยคกบประวตศาสตรไทยมาอยางยาวนาน อตสาหกรรมคาสโนเรมมมาตงแตรชกาลท 3 นาเสยดายทคาสโนตองปดตวลงในรชกาลท 5 เนองดวยปญหาในยคนน แตในประวตศาสตรไทยมคนและองคกรพยายามทจะเปดอตสาหกรรมคาสโนมากกวาสองครงในประเทศไทย ตามกฏหมายของประเทศไทยคาสโนยงเปนอตสาหกรรมผดกฏหมายอย อยางไรกตามคนไทยสามารถทจะเขาถงคาสโนไดในประเทศเพอนบานอยาง กมพชา พมา หรอสงคโปร นอกจากนนคาสโนตามประเทศเพอนบานทตดกบชายแดน เจาของเปนคนไทยมากถง 99% และคนทไปเลนคาสโนตามชายแดนกคอคนไทย 70% ในกรงเทพยงมคาสโนผดกฏหมายถง 300 แหง และคนไทยเสยเงนใหการพนนถง 200 ลานลานบาท ซงเปนถง 8% ของผลตภณฑมวลรวมภายในประเทศ

ขาพเจามจดประสงคในการแสดงการตอรองของสถาปตยกรรมสองประเภทซงมความแตกตางอยางสง ในภมประเทศทเคยเปนทตงของอตสาหกรรมเหมองเกา จดผานแดนและคาสโนไดถกนำามารวมกนเพอทจะกอใหเกดพนททปราศจากกฏหมาย เมอผใชงานสามารถรบรอยถงการมตวตนของคาสโนไดเมอเขาไปยงอาคาร คาสโนจะเรมเปดเผยตวเองทละเลกทละหนอยระหวางทาง แตคาสโนถกปกปดอยางแนบเนยนเมอมองจากภายนอกอาคาร

Nalinnipha Yala นลนนภา ยาละเหนอเขตแดน

138

TRANSPORTATION AND ACCESSIBILITIES

139

CASINO RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

140

SEQUENCE THROUGH SPACE

SITE PLAN

In year 2020, as a long holiday for this summer is approachin, a young office worker has a plan to spend his holiday in Dawei, Myanmar. He’s been very excited for the visit, since the AEC mergers in 2015 Dawei has become one of the famous tourist attractions near tha border of Thailand. He’s already planned everything except for booking a bus ticket to Pu-Narm-Rorn border station in Karnjanaburi province to cross to Myanmar. Unfortunately, the bus ticket to Pu-Narm-Rorn border station is full so the staff offers him a ticket to Tako Pit Thong border station in Suan Phueng, Ratchaburi, then transfer to Dawei from there instead. Is will take approximately 3 hours from Bangkok to Tako Pit Thong border station. He suddenly falls as sleep after he got on a bus for a while ...

Caption (Description) write whatever or dont put any description at all

141

Drop off area perspective

Passport control perspective

Exterior perspective

Walkway to immigration perspective

When he reaches the drop off area he sees many buses and tourists, people exchanging money and buying bus ticket. Some buses are driving on the road that cuts through the landscape extending out of the area. The landscape controls the fow and direction of people as they are led through the road and into the immigration check point.

Formal and plain, the passport control area gives an airport-like atmosphere. A long line awaits in front of him, approaching a row of immigration counter that stand at the very front of the crowd. While he gets closer to the counter on the right, he notices an ambiguous counter-shaped object that makes him curious of its existence. However, none of the passengers can access those machines from where he is standing. So when he passes through the passport check, he continues to walk up the huge stairs to the next level.

The man wakes up to a sound and a glow of light shining through the window of the bus. He sees a big white building wrapped around the landscape. The building appears to be renovated from an old factory as some part of building looks like an extension from the main structure. He packs his stuff, ready to get down while the driver announces that they nearly arrive at the destination.

He is going up the elevator to that leads him to the immigration.

142

Walkway to market perspective

Entrance to casino perspective

Security check point perspective

Market perspective

After fnishing all the steps for immigration, he follows the crowd and continues walking along walkway which leads him to the waiting area to Myanmar. Suddenly, he notices people stopping and standing near the window on the right, looking outward. ‘What are they looking at? Is there are a view? I only see a building from here…’ He murmurs. The nearer he gets closer to the window, the clearer he sees people playing slot machines, crowds around poker tables and then he realizes that it is a casino! Hidden in a boring plain border station. Now, he wants to become an explorer and fnd out where the casino is ...

At the end of market stall he fnds the service route at the back. He takes in the lights and sounds coming out from the very end of the walkway. He decides to continue down this path.

As he enters the security checkpoint, he again sees the same ambiguous object and another big brown table on the right next to the counter space, divided by the huge crystal clear glass. With curiosity combines confusion, he decides to walk towards the glass window and everything suddenly become clear that the object on that side of the window is a roulette table and a slot machine! Why are those equipments here and what for? Million questions run through his head when he hears “Next please!” from the counter. He stops his thoughts and walks to the counter, keeping his curiosity inside.

He tries to go down to the market on the frst foor and walks through the space until he finds the entrance to the casino, camoufaged with the repeating market stall. There is a clear glass room with a roulette table inside surrounded by people who are enjoying their games.

143

Restaurant perspective

Waiting area perspective

Casino perspective

Hotel room perspective

The hungriness calls his attention back. So he goes down to the restaurant on the foor below, following a recommendation from the staff. The restaurant cuts into the building and reveals a stunning scenery.

In the early morning, he wakes up and checks out of the hotel. He walks pass the casino out to the market and continues his route from yesterday where he fnally gets to the waiting area and buys a bus ticket to Dawei. The space here reminded him of how the fancy casino is completely concealed from outside within the border station. Two highly contrasted activities in the same place gives him an unforgettable memory.

Suddenly he runs out of any word to say. He didn’t expect this kind of activities to be hidden inside this boring shell of an immigration port. Every inch of this casino is highly-decorated, the space is huge and wide with its high ceiling painted in a night starry sky color. The floor is covered in a colorful patterned carpet. He is actonished by the atmosphere in the room. After regaining conciousness, he starts to explore the casino from part to part ... in which he hasn’t realized that the sun has already gone down.

It is late in the evening so the bus to Dawei for today is already over. This place also provides a hotel for tourists both gambler and traveler. The hotel room is decorated in an industrial theme with real antique machines from the old factory. The photos on the wall illustrate the history of mining operation that was used in the past. When he looks out of the window, he feels that the landscape that he has seen all day long is a part of this history too.

144

FLOOR PLAN AND SECTION

147

PROJECT EQUILIBRIUM

The perception of mining process has always been known for its destructive ways from the beginning. The land that was mined has left a large footprint of destruction and contamination to the environment leaving the ground and water polluted.

Since Tako Pit Thong was once a major mining site in the past, but the mining industry was shutdown leaving behind a large amount of harvest able minerals. My project would propose a prototype of an operative architecture, which will portray the dialectics between the process of landscape destruction through mining versus the process of land remediation, by reactivating the mining activity and addressing directly to the outcome of the mining contamination such as exploded sites, contaminated tailing pond, the overburden and the remaining architectural footprint.

The project will include 2 major facilities and 2 minor stations, first the major strip mining facility which will be located along the major quartz vein harvesting the mineral within the mountain ridge. This Facility will accommodate multiple mixed use programs for public visitors and include a newly active processing plant within. The second station will be the water and soil treatment facility. In this station, all the leftovers from the mining sites will be transported to get treated into usable condition, which will provide all the required resource for other stations and take the waste to past the treatment as well. The abandoned buildings will be renovated and converted into a plant nursery for the remediation part of this project which will be deploy through seed bombing and check dam methods. The ultimate goal of this project is to connect the green corridor while mining the site in a parallel process.

เนองดวยการทำาเหมองแรสงผลกระทบและสรางสงปนเปอนมากมายตอสงแวดลอม จงทำาใหถกมองจากสายตาผคนในทางลบมาเสมอ

โครงการนจงออกแบบมาเพอสถานททเคยถกใชในการขดเหมองมากอน โดยทจะนำาสงทเกดขนหลงจากการขดเจาะแร อยางเชน ดน, หน, นำา หรอ แมแตหลมระเบดแร มาใชงานใหเกดประโยชอกครงในภายหลง

โปรเจคนจะแบงออกเปน 3 สถานหลก คอ 1.สถานบำาบดนำาเสยและฟนฟดน 2.สถานขดเจาะแบบยาวพรอมโรงลอยแรและโรงบดแรถายในตว 3.แทนขดเจาะแรและรกษาหนาดน

ทง 3 สถานน มจดมงหมายสำาหรบการดำาเนนการขดเจาะแรและฟนฟสภาพแวดลอมไปในตว เพอทจะพยายามลดมลภาวะทเกดขนจากการขดแร โดยการใชวธตางๆเพอทจะปลกปาใหมอกครง เชน การตงฝายชะลอนำา การปลกปาทางอากาศ การบำาบดนำาและปรบปรงคณภาพดน ดวยจดประสงคหลกทจะทำาใหบรเวณทถกขดเจาะนนไดรบการฟนฟขนมาสสภาพทอดมสมบรณได

Jarim Weeraboonchai จรม วรบญชยความสมดล

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1.Water Treatment Facility 2.Portable site harvesting unit 3.Strip mining site

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WATERTREATMENT FACILITY

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STRIP MINING SITE

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THE NEW PROCESSING PLANT

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SITE HARVESTING UNIT

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TAKO PIT THONG : SCHOOL OF MINE

Tako Pit Thong : School of Mine, is a project about a school and a research facility specialized in the study field of mining. Built on an active mine site and existing mining facility, the architecture aims to establish itself in the site by connecting different places and experiences around the site together to create a space that enhances users to understand more about mining and its system.

The site is located in Ratchaburi region, situated on the border between Thailand and Burma, the site sits on the Tanao Si Mountain ranges which results in an overwhelming and extreme topography site. The site has a very interesting context of abandoned mine facilities and infrastructure within this beautiful landscape as well as rich minerals deposit that have the potential to become a mine again.

The problem with the site is that the different steps of the mining process and the mineral extraction is scattered around the site creating a discontinuity of learning about the process of the mining system, therefore, we propose to use the school of mine to combine and integrate the processes, the old plants, and the new architecture together into a cohesive whole that will strengthen the understanding and learning about mining by the placing the architecture to orientate and cross over un - mine Feldspar deposit which I propose to start the mine. The students, researchers and other user will begin to have a continuous experience both physically and visually starting from the felspar mine site to the processing of the ore, the separation of different minerals and the view of the tailing pond and other elements located near the site.

ตะโก ปด ทอง : โรงเรยนเหมองแร เปนโครงการเกยวกบโรงเรยนและสถานทวจยทมความเชยวชาญในดานการศกษาของการทำาเหมองแร สรางขนบนพนทเหมองทยงใชงานอย สถาปตยกรรมมจดมงหมายทจะจดตงตวเองลงบนพนท โดยการเชอมตอสถานทตางๆ และสรางประสบการณ รอบๆพนทเหมอง เพอสรางความเขาใจเพมเตมเกยวกบการทำาเหมอง และระบบของเหมองแร

พนทโครงการอยทจงหวดราชบร ตงอยบนพรมแดนระหวาง ประเทศไทยและประเทศพมา บรเวณภเขาตะนาวศร ซงสงผลให ภมประเทศมเอกลกษณ สงนาสนใจในพนทโครงการ คอเหมองทถกทอดทง โครงสรางพนฐานภายในของเหมอง ภมทศนทสวยงาม และ แรธาตทมศกยภาพทจะกลายเปนเหมองอกครง

ปญหาทพบเจอทพนทโครงการคอการขดแรทตางสถานทกน ทำาใหระบบการเรยนรนนไมสามารถเปนหนงเดยวได โครงการนจงมการนำาเสนอการเชอมตอทางดานการเรยนร โดยการสรางสถาปตยกรรมทเปนโรงเรยนทเชอมตอ เหมองเกา ทำาใหการเรยนรนนเปนหนงเดยวกน โดยการ เปดเหมอง feldspar ซงนกวจยและนกเรยนสามารถจะเรยนรจากสถานทจรง จากการขดแรจนถงการลอยแร และสามารถเขาระบบของการทำาเหมองทงทางดานจตใจและกายภาพ ของสถานทเหมองน

Phittawat Chittapraneerat พทวส จฅฅปราณรชฅตะโก ปด ทอง : โรงเรยนเหมองแร

SITE PLANRESERVIOREXISTING BUILDINGSROADSCONTOUR

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OPEN FACADE TOWARDS THE TAILING POND.INTERIOR OF THE MINE VIEWING AREA.

The main building, has three access point for user to enter the building, inside at the end where the building is extended over the mine a hole is cut with a full height glass for the user to experience and view the active mine. Next to it would be the dormitory space. And in middle there would be the main entrance with the shop, the opening and viewing platform is to visually connect the different important element of the site such as the tailing pond and the surrounding building. Further along would be the facilities such as dining/kitchen and common area. At the end where the we enters the safe zone the building begin to have outdoor space and open deck that looks out to the beautiful landscape of the site. This area includes public facilities such as the library, classrooms and meeting rooms. Walking through the building the user begin to experience different quality of space and environment emphasizing on the experience and how the design of the plan and layout circulate people inside the building leading to these different momentd and experiences.

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SOUTH ELEVATION

The approach of placing the volume on the tip of the mountain is to create a monumental piece of the architecture that floats out and visually stand out in this complex topography. The road and accessibility towards the building is redesign so that as user begin to approach the building they experience this unique view of the building.

The 230m long facade of the building also expresses the environment it sit upon where from the study, from the active mine site 100m is dust, 150m is rocks, 200m is noise where the part of the building that is close to the mine the facade is enclose for protection and as the building begin to distance itself from the mine the facade begin to open up to the beautiful landscape. Which the facade can been seen as this gradient of measurement of danger.

View area 60 sqm

Viewing platform 80 sqm

Classroom 80 sqm

Classroom 60 sqm

Classroom 120 sqm

Lecture room 60 sqm

Library 80 sqm

Conference Hall 500 sqm

Entrance Hall 80 sqmReception 30 sqmShop 40 sqmMeeting room 40 sqmBathroom 50 sqmStorage 30 sqmKitchen 50 sqm

Dinning / Common area 250 sqm

Single room 40 sqmBathroom 50 sqm

Dormitory 400 sqm

Main Storage 200 sqm

Service room 100 sqm

Professor room 60 sqmProfessor room 60 sqmProfessor room 60 sqmProfessor room 60 sqm

Lab 80 sqm

Ore Archive 100 sqm

Processing room 150 sqm

Main Lab 250 sqm

Lab 200 sqm

PRO�RAM

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SOUTH ELEVATION

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AN OPERATIONAL TERRAINTako Pit Thong

2541411 Architectural Design VChulalongkorn University, Faculty of Architecture, an International Program in Design + Architecture

Instructor: Xiaoxuan Lu and Chon Supawongse

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PROJECT BRIEF

In 2014, INDA offers an option studio, “Tako Mine: an Operational Terrain” focusing on Tako Pid Tong, a decommissioned mine at Suan Phueng, Chom Bueng, Ratchaburi. This is a combined studio with “Unearth: Building on an Excavation” offered by Yarinda Bunnag. The studio aims to escalate a level of critical thinking and broaden individual perception over a biophysical landscape, infrastructure, and ecology. In this process-based design studio, project is a research discovery upon programmatic indeterminacy, and landscape is a transformative medium. Along Thai-Burmese Border, the site of 2,100 rai (3.4 km2) was operated as a tin-and-feldspar mine. Dropping of market price caused a closure in 1977, then cancellation of the mining concession in 1991. Abandonment of the site left 14,000 ton of tin, 16,000,000 ton of quartz, and 14,000,000 of feldspar unmined. In a present day, the remaining community of 240 residents relies completely on rainwater and local electric generator. As an on-going process, the new project under Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn is initiated. Tako Pid Tong is planned to be a “Learning Center for Sustainable and Geo-Resources Development” with collaboration among multiple agencies, including department of primary industries and mines, department of mineral resource, department of alternative energy development and efficiency, and local communities. The site will be “an outdoor experimental ground” for eco-mining and alternative energy research. Beside the designated program, what are other possibilities? With the remaining ore deposition, can mining operations restarted? With 30-minute drive from Suan Phueng, a popular resort town, is there any tourist potentials on the site? As an international border and a part of Dawei Project, how does the site transformed? As a preserved evergreen rainforest and headwaters, what are ecological implications for the Meaklong Watershed? Can future possibilities unlocked?

Landscape is a medium that facilitate hydro-ecological transactions. It is infrastructure rather than scenic significance. The emerging design disciplinary emphasizes a synthetic hybrid of ecology, infrastructure, and landscape in constructing physical environments and reconciling temporal changes. Design becomes a performative and operative system. From the notion, this studio is conducted with fundamental contentions. First, the notion “design as a problem-solving process” is problematic. The process oversimplifies level of complexities and disregard unseen dynamics. Landscape is not a discipline. It is a field, where all agencies conjoined.

Second, a designer is “a synthesizer” who embraces extensive ranges of disciplines. Research domain must be extended beyond a physical boundary, and new possibilities are derived from understanding of process-how things work in space and time. Third, designer cannot control everything and the attitude “design is to control” is fallacy. Change is norm, and constancy is impossible. Finally, project may not exist butneed to be searched out and coordinated with research discoveries.

The studio departs from dissatisfaction with the design discipline that isolates viabilities and oversimplifies complexities of biophysical landscape. Within 17-week timeframe, the studio is divided into 5 phases, including site measurement, synthesis and project formation, programmatic and design Intervention, spatial scenarios, and systemic delivery. In-class reviews and submissions are scheduled at the end each phase. First, series of lecture, workshop, and fieldtrip is a part of knowledge and skill formation in preparing for an individual project. A series of mapping exercise is a first step of understanding the anatomy of the landscape, how it operated and transformed over time. Coherent research topics are listed, and multiple forms of mapping become mediums to unpack biophysical complexity. The study domain focuses on factors that influence physical formation, systemic operations, and flow dynamics.

Second, individuals start to synthesize all research and seek for developing potentials of their project. Based on a selected topic, each student starts to develop a design process in consultation with advisors. A panel inventory and thesis statement must be submitted in this phase. With this process-based approach, projects are formed by research discoveries rather than an assigned site and programmatic requirements.

Third, developing strategies, projective timeline, programmatic adaptation, and design metrics are created. Change is norm. Constancy is impossible. Individuals are requires to propose series of operational systems and spatial intervention over multiple timeframes. With transformative process, programs are changed and evolved overtime. The project offers no preconceived idea of the final solution but instead a design which is capable of responding to changing ecological and socioeconomic requirements.

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Tako Canyon

Tako Pit Thong, once a flourishing mining site that brought pride and prosperity to its local community, now simply became an abandoned mining site with all its people moved away seeking new jobs. Numerous landowners were forced to sell their lands to hotels and resorts developers to resolve their financial decline. As a result, the rapid establishments of tourist accommodations and services brought about a degenerative flow of essential resources. Waste water and contaminations from human activities are released without treatment, while enormous volume of solid wastes being produced each day are putting the local landfill in a desperate state.

Ironically, as tourism grows, the local communities are being slowly deteriorated. As all the earnings from visitors goes to developers and hotel owners. The communities alternatively had to set up household agricultural programs such as bamboo planting, fish ponds, and various small scale agriculture in which they exchange these resources directly in order to sustain their everyday lives.

Tako Canyon, is a proposed program aims to establish a regenerative resource flow that reconnects tourism and the local communities by purposefully embrace the strong incoming movement of tourism, and effectively generates restorative effect on surrounding post-mining landscape. With addition of simple waste recycling processing facilities into the site, the wastes generated by tourists can be recirculated to benefit the community while their activities speeds up the ecological succession of the landscape, rejuvenating the entire valley. The more tourists, the more resources produced. With the upcoming Dawei project estimated to be completed in 2020, the inflow of tourists, both domestic and international, would skyrocket, significantly improve not only the socioeconomic status of Tako Pit Thong community, but potentially all the Suan Phung region.

เหมองตะโกปดทองเคยเปนสถานททเปนความภาคภมใจของชมชนในพนท อกทงยงเปนสงทนำามาซงความเฟองฟทางดานธรกจทสงเสรมสภาพความเปนอยของคนในชมชนเปนอยางด อยางไรกตาม การปดตวลงของเหมองตะโกปดทองซงเปนเศรษฐกจและแหลงรายไดหลกทำาใหชาวบานหลายๆครวเรอนจำาเปนตองหาแหลงรายไดใหม มชาวบานจำานวนมากจำาตองขายทดนใหกบนายทนทนำาทดนดงกลาวมาพฒนาใหเปนรสอรตและโรงแรม เพอรองรบนกทองเทยวจากกรงเทพมหานครทมจำานวนเพมขน การเจรญกาวหนาทางดานการทองเทยวอยางรวดเรว ทำาใหการหมนเวยนของทรพยากรธรรมชาตไมเปนไปตามวถทยงยน นำาทงและขยะอนทรยจากนกทองเทยวไมไดถกการบำาบดและกำาจดโดยถกวธจงสงผลกระทบดานลบสระบบนเวศนโดยรอบ

นายทนและนกพฒนาทดนเปนกลมคนทไดรบรายไดจากการทองเทยว ชาวบานในชมชนจงหนไปพงการทำาเกษตรกรรมในครวเรอน อาท การเลยงปลา ปลกไผ และพชผกสวนครว เพอเปนอาหารและอาศยการแลกเปลยนผลผลตเหลานระหวางคนในชมชนกนเองเพอลดคาใชจาย

การทเหมองตะโกปดทองตงอยในจดทอยใกลกบทางหลวงทจะเชอมตอโครงการทาเรอนำาลกทวาย ทมกำาหนดแลวเสรจในป 2563 ไปยงทะเลจนใต ทำาใหมแนวโนมสงทนกทองเทยวจากทกมมโลกจะมเยยมเยอนเหมองจะโกปดทอง ตะโก แคนยอน หรอ หบเขาตะโก เปนโครงการทใชการทองเทยวใหเขามามบทบาทในการชวยฟนฟสภาพเศรษฐกจของชมชนในพนท และเนนการนำาทรพยากรธรรมชาตและของเสยจากนกทองเทยวดงกลาวมาหมนเวยนใหเกดประโยชนและชวยฟนฟสภาพพนทของปาบรเวณรอบเหมอง

ตะโกแคนยอน จะเนนการสรางเสนทางจกรยานสำาหรบนกปนจกรยานเสอภเขาทมความนยมมากในปจจบน เนองจากการสรางเสนทางตองการการลงทนทนอยและสามารถสรางไดอยางรวดเรว ในขณะเดยวกนคอการสรางระบบการจดการและบำาบดขยะทเกดจากมนษย โดยการหมนเวยนทรพยากรทสรางจากขยะ เชน ปยอนทรยจากเศษอาหาร และกาซธรรมชาตจากการหมกขยะดงกลาวทสามารถนำามาผลตเปนกระแสไฟฟา

Patorn Phoopat ภาธร ผพฒนตะโก แคนยอน

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Rachaburi Tourist Inflow The number of tourists visiting Ratchaburi each year had grown exponentially since the past decade. Various discouraging events such as political demonstrations and tsunamis do not appear to affect the amount of visitors.

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Thailand Logistic InfrastructureThe establishment of Dawei Deep-sea port in Dawei, Myanmar will connect Indian ocean and South China sea together. Any global maritime transportation that currently passes into the Straight of Malacca will be rerouted through Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. As the location of the site is in close proximity of such logistic corridor, there is high possibility that the number of tourism in Ratchaburi will skyrocket

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Suanphung Waste FlowThe current waste generated from tourism within Suan Phung district alone had increase from 4 tons/day to 20 tons/day during the past six years. The wastes are being disposed of at the local landfill in which they are running out of available land

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Hydrological Impact from Suan Phung mining operation and tourismAs the site is located at the very start of the Class 1 watershed, the wastes and water contamination from tourist and mining activities are affecting the agricultural areas downstream, ultimately contributes to the impact on the entire Mae-Klong river system.

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Existing Degenerative Ecological SystemThe current relationship between agriculture, tourist and mining industry in the region are open-ended, meaning the wastes produced by each individual operation are disposed to landfills or left exposed in the surrounding environment. Local landfills are desperately keeping with the increasing amount of municipal solid waste produced daily by enormous numbers of tourism activities.

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The waste water produced are released into natural streams and river without any treatment leaving agricultural areas downstream prone to chemical contamination on soil and crops. Post-mining landscapes such as Tako Pit Thong mining site are having difficulties in developing their ecological succession due to annual forest fire caused by humans as well as their natural dry climate with minimal precipitation.

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Regenerative Eco-tourism SystemThe proposed system simply introducing small scale waste treatment processes to recycle the waste materials back into the system to create a regenerative relationships between each individual system. The energy potential of these waste materials will decrease the energy demand from certain activities such as electrical energy for tourist accommodations.

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Each individual produces more than 8 bins of organic wastes and 300 bathtubs of waste water annually. For the estimated population of Tako Canyon project of 1500, these numbers equates to 460 tons of waste and 500,000 bathtubs of waste water. The methane emission from such amount of organic waste equates to almost 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere each year. With appropriate treatment and processing systems, these wastes can potentially produce more than 700,000 kilo-Watts hour of electricity enough to run 1000 bulbs of 100W light bulbs for 306 days.

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Tako Canyon - Master Plan

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Proposed Waste Processing SystemThe wasted produced by various operations within the site are being processed to extract usable resources to be fed back to the system. The increased number of tourists and visitors means more useful resources can be extracted such as biogas, fertilizers and electricity. The regenerative relationships between each process reduces the resource and energy consumption of the systems, achieving sustainability.

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Tourist Accommodation Water Treatment Strategy & Landscape TransformationTop: The terraced basins built along the slope of the quartz vein are used as preliminary sedimentation basins to capture particles and breaks down organic materials from grey water discharge. The water proceeds further down the slope to feed agricultural fields for food production. The bottom axonometric diagrams demonstrates how the quartz vein is transformed into resorts and farming landscape.

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Quartz Mining Water Treatment Strategy & Trail transformationTerraced basins are used to capture rocks and soil particles, progressively filters the water discharge from the ongoing quartz mining activities. The deposited particles are excavated and mixed with cement and rock granules to produce trail surface material. The steps cut into the slope during mining are converted to bike trails while the overburden and leftover waste rocks are used for dirt jumps and ramps.

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Trail Construction and Surface StrategyEach slope profile requires different materials and construction strategies. For the slope of less than 10%, the trails are constructed using asphalt to provide firm and rigid surface for bikes, cars and trucks. Drainage ditches are dug alongside the trail to reroute run-off quickly. For 10-30% slope, the trails are finished with soil cement for adequate durability while the drainage ditches prevents trail erosion from surface run-off.

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Trail Construction and Surface StrategyFor extreme slope of 30% to more than 50%, the trail surfaces are mixtures of geotextile surface and rock granules mixed with soil cement for extra durability. Deep drainage ditches and culverts are constructed to quickly discharge the surface run-off to prevent slope and trail erosion.

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TAKO PARK

The site, Tako-Pidthong in Ratchaburi is located in between one of Thailand’s biggest forest complex, which is Western forest and Kang Krajarn forest. Both of the forest complexes are separated from each other but only joined with the Tenasserim mountain range, which is sometimes used as a passage for wildlife migration.

Even though, both of the forest complexes contain many preservation areas such as national parks and wildlife sanctuary, there are still many unstoppable interruptions, mainly deforestation and mining occur at the corridor causing the reduction of wildlife diversity and the sustainability of eco-system.

The re-envision of mining operation along with the deforestation strategy will be used at the site as a testing around, in order to experiment and creates a new sustainable forest corridor. Natural succession process is being studied in order to estimate an approximate time required for the excavated land to recover. Focusing on the “immediate regeneration”, the aim is to shorten up the successional process by create a new “patternizing” National park that provide hydro-ecological services for the forest.

Not only a purpose for the reclamation, this patterning national park is designed as a preparation that allows a possible future mining operation as a next phase. Various types of plant species are used to construct the pattern in order to serve a different function of its own, which can provide a mutual benefit for both human and animals. It even heightens the diversity by increase the possibility of any kind of exchanges such as the genetics and species of both plants and animals, in order to create a variety of habitat and maintain the forest restoration.

เหมองเกาตะโกปดทองตงอยในจงหวดราชบร อำาเภอสวนผง ซงเปนพนทระหวางผนปาตะวนตกทสำาคญทสดของประเทศไทย รวมถงอทธยานแหงชาตและพนทสงวนพนธสตวปาหลายแหง

ผนปาตะวนตกและผนปาแกงกระจานถกแยกออกจากกนโดยมเทอกเขาตะนาวศรเชอมอยและไดถกใชเปนเสนทางอพยพของสตวปาหลายชนดรวมถงสตวปาสงวนเชนเดยวกน ถงแมวาตงอยใกลเคยงสถานปกปองคมครองปาไมและสตวปา ผนปาตะวนตกกยงประสบภยการรบกวนอยอยางตอเนองโดยเฉพาะการตดไมทำาลายปา บกรกลกลอบฆาสตวปา รวมถงการทำาเหมอง ซงทำาใหความสมบรณทางดานระบบนเวศถดถอยลงอยางเหนไดชด

วธการทำาเหมองและการตดไมในรปแบบใหมจากการศกษาจะถกนำามาใชทดสอบในพนท เพอทจะทดสอบและสรางระบบนเวศทสามารถปรบตวเขากบพนทได การอยรอดและการเจรญเตบโตของธรรมชาตไดถกศกษาและคนควาเพอทจะประเมนระยะเวลาของพนทใหกลบมาสมบรณดงเดม โดยมงเนนไปท การฝนฟพนทโดยฉบพลน จดประสงคหลกของแนวคดน คอการเรงระยะเวลาของการเจรญเตบโตของระบบนเวศนใหกลบมาสมบรณดงเดม ดวยการวางแบบแผนของ อทยานแหงชาตใหม ทจะชวยทำาใหเกด แหลงนำาสำาหรบปา

นอกเหนอจากการปรบสภาพของพนทแลว แบบแผนใหมของอทยาน ยงไดถกออกแบบเพอใหพนทสำาหรบ การทำาเหมองในอนาคต พชหลายชนด ถกเลอกเพอนำามาใชปลก ใหเกดประโยชน กบพนทโดยเฉพาะ การปลกพชเหลานจะทใหเกดประโยชน กบทง คน และ สตว ความหลากหลายของระบบนเวศจะเกดขนจากเชอมตอกนของพชและสตวตางสายพนธในพนท ซงจะเปนการนำาผนปาทสมบรณกลบคนมา

Ratha Techasopapan รฐา เตชะโสภาพรรณอทธยานสวนตะโก

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THE DISCONNETION BETWEEN THAILAND’S MOST BIGGEST FOEST COMPLEX

THE RE-ENVISION FOR FUTURE MINING OPERATION SYSTEM

Western Forest Complex is one of the Thailand’s biggest preserved forests, which provides a lot of direct and indirect benefits to human. It creates the balance for the climate in our country as well as maintains the diversity and eco-system of wildlife animals. However, this forest complex is separated into two patch as Kang Krajarn is another preserved forest complex located at the bottom. Our site, Tako Pidthong in Ratchbari is an abandon mine and is also located in the corridor zone.

Even though, the Western Forest Complex contains a very important water sources, the surrounding areas including our site are still facing the drought problem as well as the record shows the percentage of forest interruption along the Tenasserim range. The corridor is being used by some of the wildlife animal. However, since people have invaded so much of the forestland, the animals are evacuated up to the north.

The re-envision of mining operation along with the deforestation strategy will be used at the site as a testing around, in order to experiment and creates a new sustainable forest corridor.

The new mining method is designed for not only to study the site before the excavation started but to provide a whole strategy for the pre-mining phase and design the outcome of the result in order to have a mutual benefit for both human and nature. It can form a new passage for wildlife evacuation and ecosystem.

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THE DISTRIBUTION OF EACH PATTERN SYSTEM ON THE SITE

THE DESIGN PHASE

There are four main patterning systems which are: - The weirs and fire buffer system - The economical tree patterning system - The forest fruit and edible plant patterning system - The banana tree patterning system

According to the flow accumulation data, weirs are buildin order to collect and kept the moisture along the runofffrom the mountain. Also, fire buffers are created to reducethe amount of forest fire along the area.

Economical trees are fast growing trees that would help torebuild the forest and also give benefit to the local as well. Planting method will depends on the future prediction of land usage. In this case, it will be more dense at the feldsparmine tailing as the preparation for the future mining process

Forest fruits will be plant further to the area where there’s no human interuption because it can be the food source for animals such as birds and deers. It would heighten the diversity and ecosystem in the area. Also, all eatable will be planted near the community area for food source as well as to maintain topsoil.

Banana trees are planted in order to maintain and alsocollect moisture in the area which will increase the soil and landquality of the site. The density will be higher at the disturbed landand along the weirs as well as fire protection and water resourcesThen it will gradually spread out through out the forest

All system combined in order to create a new type of forestthat restore the ecosystem and diversity of the area and alsoprovide a new activity and benefit to the local. Altogether it willperform the function as a National Park first but also strategicallyready for mining operation without completely destroying nature.

The design will contain 3 phases which are the reclamation, tourists attraction as a National park and a mining demonstration as a learning center. Also, it has to go through three main steps which are the “Distribution”, “Performance” and “Transformation”.

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PEFORMANCE OF EACH SYSTEM ON SITE

Each system has its own function which mainly are:Hydro-Ecological service (Moisture)Topsoil PreservationEconomical Benefits

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SECTIONS ILLUSTRATE EACH FUNCTION WITH ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION

ANIMAL SPEICIES AND THEIR FOOD RESOUCES The diagram shows the relationship of the species of each plant with different type of animals as an attraction on site to increase the diversity and ecosystem.

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BANANA TREE ANATOMY AND HARVESTING PERIOD

COMPARSION OF NATURAL SUCCESSION PROCESSThe year in approximate for the forest to reach the climax with and without human involvement.

Human Involved

No Human Involved

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THE TRANSFORMATION OF EACH DESIGN SYSTEM ON SITEThe change through out the whole natural succession process is expressed vertically and the minor change through each season is expressed horizontally according to the months indicated above

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BANANA TREE ON SITE

WEIR SYSTEM IN FOREST

All workers and villagers are helping each other transporting banana tree from the nursery and planting them on site according to the pattern.

All workers and villagers are helping each other building the weirs along the run-off in order to capture the moisture for the surrounding area and help shorten up the whole successional process.

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FOREST FRUITS ZONE

ECONOMICAL TREE ZONE

Allowing some visitors to enter at certain distance, the fruits will attract all the animals from the western forest complex and help increase the diversity in the area

The transformation of the space before future mining operation take place again. The park is available for visitors such as bikers and hikers.

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BANANA TREE ON SITE

WATER RESOURCES AND BANANA TREES

All workers and villagers are helping each other transporting banana tree from the nursery and planting them on site according to the pattern.

All workers and villagers are helping each other planting banana tree along the pond in order to increase the moisture for the disturbed and grass land.

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THE CONTRADICTION OF TAKO PARK AND NORMAL NATIONAL PARKA patterning national park that is designed as a preparation that allows a possible future mining operation as a next phase.

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MINING HYDROPERATION

Tako Pidthong is located in the area of class one watershed, which is a fresh water resource for downstream agricultural area. Ratchaburi can generate approximately 100,000 million baht from agricultural industry to the area. However, only 4% of Ratchaburi is provided with irrigation and the rest of the area has to depend on rainfall and natural streams.

Besides of low water reserve, many of natural water resources are exhausted by deforestation, in which mining is a major cause of the destruction. Ratchaburi consists of many active mining and post-mining sites, including Tako Pidthong, which resulting in the hydrological deterioration. Moreover, mining also left the landscape scarred and contaminated.

Therefore the project is aimed to develop a prototype of the system that would reclaim the damaged landscapes and enhance hydrological benefits while maintaining the mining process. Mining Hydroperation proposes a cooperative system of mining and remediation to re-operate hydrological network and generate resources production. Tako Pidthong as a post-mining site is a platform of the system initiation.

To mitigate the contaminated land that result from mineral separation process, Phytoremediation is used as a method of ecological reclamation and later exploit plants for food production and energy generation. Some crops and its by-products from food processing are fermented to produce electricity for the usage in the industrial unit and the community, and fuel for machinery and vehicles. Wastewater is produced from mining process and energy production will be treated before sending clean water for irrigation and lowland area. Fertilizer also produced from by-product of wastewater treatment and mining process which they will be use for plantation.

The whole system acts as a close cycle of energy flow. The project introduces a new mind-set of mining operation as a reserved and productive system rather than a destructive process.

ตะโกปดทองตงอยบนพนทลมนำาชนท1 ซงเปนพนทตนนำาของพนทการเกษตรทางตอนลาง อสาหกรรมการเกษตรของราชบรสามารถผลตเงนเปนจำานวนประมาณ 100,000 ลานบาท อยางไรกตามพนทแค 4% สามารถใชนำาจากการชลประทาน พนทนอกจากนจะตองพง ฝน และ ลำาธาร จากธรรมชาต

นอกเหนอจากการกกเกบนำาทจำากดแลว พนทตนนำาจากแหลงธรรมชาตจำานวนมากยงถกทำาลายจากการตดไมทำาลายปา ซงการทำาเหมองแรเปนปจจยสำาคญของการทำาลายตนนำา จงหวดราชบรมพนทการทำาเหมองแรและพนทเหมองเกาเปนจำานวนมาก ซงรวมถงตะโกปดทอง จงเปนผลใหระบบของนำาเสอมโทรม มากไปกวานนการทำาเหมองแรยงเปนการทำาลายภมทศน และกอใหเกดสงเจอปนในพนทอกดวย

ดงนนจดประสงคของโครงการน มงเนนไปทการพฒนาระบบตนแบบทสามารถปรบปรงความเสยหายของภมทศน และยกระดบระบบทางนำา โดยทยงคงดำาเนนการกระบวนการเหมองแรไว ไมนนง ไฮโดรโอเปอรเรชนนำาเสนอการรวมกนของระบบเหมองแรและการฟนฟพนท เพอปรบปรงระบบของนำาและขยายการผลต แหลงทรพยากร ตะโกปดทองซงเปนพนทเหมองเกาจงเหมาะสมตอการเปนฐานในการรเรมระบบปฏบตการน

เพอลดพนทเจอปนซงมสาเหตมาจากกระบวนการแยกแร จงใชพชในการบำาบดพนท และนำาพชมาใชในกระบวนการผลตอาหาร และ พลงงาน ในภายหลง เศษของพชทเหลอจากกระบวนการผลตอาหารจะถกนำาไปหมกเพอนำาไปผลตไฟฟาสำาหรบการใชงานในหนวยอตสาหกรรมและในพนทชมชน และสามารถนำาไปผลตเชอเพลงสำาหรบเครองจกรและยานพาหนะ นำาเสยทเกดจากกระบวนทำาเหมองแรและกระบวนการผลตพลงงานจะถกนำาไปบำาบดกอนทจะถกสงไปใชในการชลประทาน และใชเปนแหลงนำาสำาหรบพนทในตอนลาง ปยยงเปนผลผลตทไดจากกระบวนการบำาบดนำาเสยและการทำาเหมองแร ซงจะเปนการนำาไปใชเพอการเพาะปลกตอไป

ระบบทงหมดดำาเนนงานเปนวงจรปดของพลงงานหมนเวยน ซงโครงการนนำาเสนอแนวคดรปแบบใหมของการปฎบตการเหมองแรจากระบบการทำาลายลางดงเดม ไปเปนระบบการอนรกษและเพอสรางการผลตพลงงานอยางยงยน

Passara Tungvijitkul ภสรา ทงวจตรกลไมนนง ไฮโดรโอเปอรเรชน

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CAPTION (Title)Tako Pidthong as a post-ming and potentially future mining site, which located in this one watershed area, is a very important water resource for the downstream agricultural production.

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MINING OPERATION VS. LANDSCAPEThe process of mining involves deforestation, and topsoil removal which deteriorate the hydrological network.

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MINING HYDROPERATION A cooperative system of mining and reclamation to reoperate hydrological network and generate resources production.

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MAPPING OF EXISITING SITE CONDITIONS

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CAPTION (Title)

PROGRAMMATIC AND DESIGN INTERVENTION

Caption (Description) write whatever or dont put any description at all

Hydrological network and resources generative system

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PROGRAMMATIC AND DESIGN INTERVENTIONUsing advantage of the site characteristic, slope contour, to control the new hydrological system

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The design composes of three main units which are landscape , industrial infrastructure, and community that function together in the systemDESIGN TYPOLOGY

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HYDROLOGICAL NETWORK

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HYDROLOGICAL NETWORKELECTRICITY

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Open Minded Tako Mine

The transformation of decommissioned mining landscape to create a generative agricultural platform for the Tako Pit thong and refugee community. If we think about Suanpheung, Ratchaburi. What pops up in our mind the first thing would be the new photoshooting and tourist attractions such as Resorts. But in fact, there are more to it than that. In the past, Suanpheung had a very popular era of doing mining operation which the local people who worked there before are stillattached to it. As we visited the site. I got to talk to the local community who had worked there before and still admired it as they said it was the best period of time when theycan earn and lot and have a good life. But as time goes by, the mining operation had to stop and the program is shifted to the resort. People had to adapt which somesold their properties they owned to build the resort and moved to other places to find jobs or some who stayed had no choice but to work for the resort for living. I also have another interest in the refugee camp which is located very near to the site, as I see some connections that the site and the camp has in common which is the students at Takopidthong school. Most of the students are the children of the refugees and they traveled to study here since in the camp cannot provide enough education for them. I have a chance to talk to the head of the security guard at the Baan Tham Hin refegee camp which he addressed the condition of the refugees there that they have to send the kids to school because the refugees want their children to be more educated. Moreover, the camp’s rules are very strict which the refugees cannot go out of the set perimeters around the site, they have no jobs, they are here because they cannot go back to their country or they would be killed because of the conflict in their hometown. Since Tako Pit Thong community is quite a small community with around 200 people. I believe that the site has a potential to be a place where these 2 communities,Tako pidthong and Refugee, can join together and create something benefit to them. Therefore, I take this as an opportunity to propose the strategy that will make them bond together, as they already are the same nationality, by making the use of the decommissioned minig operation and no current use of landscape to create a generative agricultural platform for them. I integrate the basic strategy which will benefit them by generating income and activities which will make them self-sustained which I believe this is the thing thatis still missing at the site.

การปรบเปลยนสภาพพนทเหมองเกาเพอสรางพนทเกษตรกรรมสำาหรบชมชนตะโกปดทองและผอพยพทไดรบผลกระทบจากสงคราม หากนกถงตำาบลสวนผง จงหวดราชบร สงแรกทจะมาสความนกคดนนคงหนไมพน สถานทพกตากอากาศทมภมทศนสวยงามและเปนจดถายรปทไดรบความนยมสงเปนอนดบตนๆของประเทศไทย แตหารไมวาในอดตสวนผงมความเจรญงอกงามและรงเรองของการทำาเหมองมากเปนอนดบตนๆของประเทศไทยเชนกน ซงผคนทปจจบนอาศยอยในพนท ทเคยทำางานเหมองมากอนนน ยงคงมความผกผนกบความรงเรองในอดตนนอย จากการไดไปสมผสและลงพนท ณ ตำาบลสวนผง จงหวดราชบร ขาพเจาไดมโอกาสพดคยแลกเปลยนความคดกบผคนทอาศยอยในพนท ผทเคยไดมโอกาสทำางานในเหมองมากอนซงไดเลาใหขาพเจาฟงวา ยงรสกวาเปนชวงเวลาทสขสบาย มความเจรญรงเรองมากทสด เนองจากทกคนมรายไดด จงไมตองกงวลอะไรมากนก แตเวลาลวงไป สมปทานเหมองไดหมดลงและตองหยดทำาการไปหลายปแลวนน ทำาใหทกอยางเปลยนไปจากเดม การทำาสถานตากอากาศไดเรมเขามามบทบาทตอชมชนอยางมาก ซงมอทธพลตอการดำารงชวตของชมชนและคนในพนท ซงหลายคนจำาเปนตองขายทดนทมใหนายทนนำาไปสรางสถานตากอากาศและตองยายถนฐานไปหาอาชพทอน หรอ หลายคนตองปรบเปลยนตวเองไปทำางานรบจางทสถานตากอากาศ ขาพเจามความสนใจในเรองผอพยพทไดรบผลกระทบจากสงคราม ซงมศนพพกพงผอพยพตงอยไมหางจากพนทมากนก ซงขาพเจาไดเหนวา ทงสองพนทมความสมพนธทเกดจากการท เดกนกเรยนในโรงเรยน ตชด. ตะโกปดทองนน สวนใหญเปนลกหลานของผอพยพทศนยพกพงทเดนทางมาเรยนทนเนองจาก ทศนยไมสามารถใหการศกษาทเพยงพอกบเดกๆได อกทงผอพยพนนไมมความสขสบายในการอาศยอยในศนยเนองจากมขอจำากดมากมาย ซงทำาใหพวกเขาเหลานน ไมมงาน ไมสามารถไปไหนได ไมสามารถแมกระทงกลบประเทศไดเพราะอาจจะถกฆา เนองจากชมชนตะโกปดทองนนเปนชมชนทมขนาดไมใหญมาก ซงมผอยอาศยราว 200 คน ขาพเจาเชอเปนอยางยงวา พนทเหมองเกานน มศกยภาพทจะสามารถเปนสถานท ททง 2 ชมชน สามารถมาใชชวตรวมกนไดและยงสามารถทำาประโยชนใหกบทงคไดอกดวย ฉะนนแลวขาพเจาเหนวานเปนโอกาสอนดยง ทจะนำาเสนอแผนการทจะทำาใหทง 2 ชมชนมาอยรวมกนอยางเปนสข โดยการใชพนทเหมองเกา สรางและออกแบบพนทเกษตรกรรมบนพนทแหงนเพอชมชนทงสอง ขาพเจาไดออกแบบหลกคดทากการเกษตร ทสามารถทำาใหเกดกจกรรมและรายไดใหทง 2 ชมชน เพอนำาไปสการเปนชมชนยงยนและอยไดดวยลำาแขงของตนเองซงขาพเจาเชอเหลอเกนวานอกเหนอจากการนำาเทคโนโลยทลำาสมยเพอมาพฒนาพนทและชมชน นคอหลกการและสงทยงขาดอยของชมชนน

Thanaphat Chullawut ฐานพฒน จลวฒตะโกเปดใจ

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Historical Timeline of Suan PheungIn the past, Suan Pheung was very well known for having many mine sites spreading all around the area. However, as time goes by everything changed and the programmatic usage of area was shifted as many developers had envisioned Suan Pheung as the new tourist attraction in central region of Thailand with the appearances of the new resorts which are now taking over of all the region.

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Historical Timeline of Myanmar RefugeesThe refugees are the people who suffered from the political confilcts in their own country which led to war and they were exiled out of their hometown. The myanmar refugees are the biggest group among all of the refugee groups who fled into Thailand. They have to struggle living here in Thailand where many rules were set up for them due to the national security reasons.

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Site Location Refugee Camp Spatial RequirementsTako Pit Thong is located in Suan Pheung, Ratchaburi, Thailand where the site’s boundary on the left is along Tanowsri mountain range and connected to Myanmar border. Baan Tham Hin refugee camp is located only about 10 kilometers away from the site which the most of the students in Tako Pit Thong school are the children from the refugee camp traveling to stay at the site to study.

The diagram shows the spatial requirements of a standard refugee camp announced by UNHCR. However, in reality, there is not much of the possibilities that the camp can follow along these rules because of the amount of the refugees that are too populated that some rules such as each resident unit must be 2 meters away from each other can not be followed.

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Axonometric of Agricultural SystemThe diagram shows the concept of the agricultural system that is designed to be integrated into the site which has the terrain characteristics and is still rich of nutreints for agriculture. The system will be planned logically on each step starting from the water source followd by livestocks area, mixed orchard areas, stepping rice terrace and crafting processing plants respectively in the system.

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Overall site aerial perspective

Masterplan

The perspective shows the sight that would be seen from the aerial view, looking from the north towards the south direction of the site.

Overall programs are going to be located at 3 locations on the site. The first location is where the old mining processing plants are located to make use of the old building into different functions. Here, I proposed to renovated the old building into a new Homegrown plant buildingwhere they grow small plants such as herbs that they can use for cooking. Second location is in the middle of the site where the school exists. The advantage of this is that the students in the school can be taught so that in the future they can have these as their passive skills to be used in the future career. Moreover, the new proposed crafting processing plants are going to be located here as well. The third location is at the bottom of the site where most of the residences, the temple and the military camp are situated there. Therefore, the villagers are be able to have their own boundaries of mixed orchards and rice fields to produce their own products. In this area, the new water source is proposed there as well to provide the water supply since the area is a very deep terrain already. These 3 locations are logically located at the strategic areas where all the agricultural platform proposed are situated near the most important aspect in agriculture, the water source.

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Sectional Perspective

Typologies of livestocks and homegrown plants

The drawing shows the locations of the system all along the site in section. Also the bar diagram shows how the process of the material flows of the system goes for each strategic locations.

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Sectional Model (1:200)The model shows the concept of the system integrated into the design.

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H2FLOW

H2FLOW is a self-sufficient research operation that will revolutionize off-the-grid energy and unlock potential of hydrogen technology in Indo-China mineral region. This trans-national project focuses on abstracting hydrogen energy from water, as water is byproduct of the open-pit mining process. With its rich deposition of Quartz and iron oxide--the main raw material for hydrogen production, Tako Pidtong, the abandoned mine, serves as a perfect location to establish the research facility. H2FLOW will also introduce airship logistic transportation system, and air observatory for the Indo-China region. Let the hydrogen revolution begin!

The site, Tako Pid Tong is a part of the Indo-China Mineral region, from the Malayu Penisula to South China border, along the Thailand and Myanmar border. There are many isolated communities that do not have appropiate energy and transportation infrastructure.The region is transforming because of the end of the dictatorship of Myanmar in 2011. The economy has been liberated and Foreign Investment in natural resource is increasing rapidly.

The outcome of open pit mining like that of Tako Pidtong has large amount of water body. Some of these water bodies are form by hydro-mining method, tailing pond, or resulted from mining pit. Water reservoir is a common resource, not only mining but anykind of off-the-grid settlement because it is vital to life.

The abondoned mine, Tako Pidtong has multiple synthetic reservoirs and it is rich in mineral deposition, such as Quartz, that are neccesary for Solar Cell and hydrogen extraction. This is an ideal location for a self-sufficient research opera-tion that develop the future hydrogen technology.

H2Flow focuses on getting the most out of water resources and technologies. Beside producing hydrogen from water, it also explore the possibilites of utilizing it in mining devel-opment, tourist attractions, local fishery, and in ecological treatment. Region facilities such as industrial factories and airship launch pad will be establish. H2Flow - Hydrogen Research Operation is the solution for off-the-grid energy, transportation, and tourists opportuinities to the Indo-China region.

H2FLOW คอศนยวจยแบบพอเพยงทจะปฏวตพลงงานนอกระบบและปลดปลอยศกยภาพของเทคโนโลยไฮโดรเจนในภมภาคอนโด-จน โครงการระหวางประเทศทมงเนนไปทการใชพลงงานไฮโดรเจนจากนำาเปนพลงงานทางเลอกเนองจากวานำาเปนผลพลอยไดจากกระบวนการทำาเหมองหลมเปด ดวยการสะสมทมอยมากมายของควอตซ และไอรอนออกไซด - วตถดบหลกสำาหรบการผลตไฮโดรเจน ตะโกปดทอง เหมองรางทสวนผง เปนสถานทเหมาะทจะสรางศนยการวจย H2FLOW จะนำาเสนอ เรอบนไฮโดรเจนสำาหรบระบบการขนสงโลจสตกและหอดววทางอากาศในภมภาคอนโดจน การการปฏวตพลงงานไฮโดรเจนเรมตนขนแลว

ตะโกปดทองเปนสวนหนงของภมภาคอนโดจนจากคาบสมทรมลายไปจนถงจนตอนใต ตลอดแนวชายแดนไทยและพมา มชมชนจำานวนมากทไมมระบบพลงงานและการขนสงทเหมาะสม ภมภาคนกำาลงเปลยนไปเพราะการสนสดของปกครองแบบเผดจการของพมาในป2554 เศรษฐกจพมาไดรบการปลดปลอยและการลงทนของนกลงทนตางประเทศในดาน ทรพยากรธรรมชาตกำาลงเพมขนอยางรวดเรว

ผลของการทำาเหมองหลมเปด อยางเชนตะโกปดทองสงผลใหเกดแหลงนำาจำานวนมาก บางสวนของแหลงนำาเหลานเกนขนจากการทำาเหมองฉด บอตะกอน หรอ เปนผลมาจากการทำาเหมองแร แหลงนำาเปนทรพยากรทหาไดในทกๆทๆมคนอยอาศยเพราะมน มความสำาคญตอ ชวต

ตะโกปดทองเปนเหมองรางทมอางเกบนำาหลายแหงและเปนททอดมไปดวยแรธาตเชนควอตซ ซงเปนสวนประกอบสำาคญสำาหรบการสกดเซลลแสงอาทตยและพลงงานไฮโดรเจน ตะโกปดทองเปนสถานททเหมาะสำาหรบการเปดศนยการวจยแบบพอเพยงทพฒนาเทคโนโลยไฮโดรเจนในอนาคต

H2Flow มงเนนไปทการใชรบประโยชนสงสดจากทรพยากรนำาและไฮโดรเจน นอกจากการผลตไฮโดรเจนจากนำาแลวศนยวจยนจะคนควาความเปนไปไดของการใชไฮโดรเจนและนำาในการพฒนาเหมองแร สถานททองเทยว ประมงทองถน และในการรกษาระบบนเวศน

โครงการนจะพฒนาสงอำานวยความสะดวกในภมภาค เชนโรงงานอตสาหกรรมและสนามเรอบน H2Flow -ศนยวจยไฮโดรเจน คอวธแกปญหาสำาหรบพลงงานทางเลอกในพนททไมมไฟฟาเขาถง และนำาเสนอระบบการขนสง และสนบสนนการทองเทยว ในภมภาคอนโดจนตอไป

Pavin Banternghansa ปวนท บรรเทงหรรษาเอชทโฟลว

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Indo-China Mineral BandSituating on the Indo-China mineral band, the site, Tako Pidtong, is a part of one of the richest mineral depositions in South-East Asia that runs along the border of Thailand-Myanmar from the Malaysia Peninsular to South China border. Despite being rich in natural resources, as a politically unstable country, Myanmar was unable to properly develop its resources. However, the end of dictatorship in 2011 brought about economic liberalization to Myanmar, which opens up more opportunity and freedom to foreign investors. In the light of this newfound opportunity, investments in natural resources are expected to increase. However, electrical, water, and transportation infrastructure in most part of the country are yet to be built, let alone the isolated mountainous landscape where natural resources mining sites are located. Moreover, building infrastructures into each individual resources may not be an economical or ecological viable. Due to such difficulties, off-the-grid energy is proposed to be the key to these inaccessible terrains.

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Tako Pit ThongOn our site, Tako Pidtong has a large source of water reservoirs resulted from the previous mine. The site has the largest deposition of quartz in Thailand. This is the main raw material use in solar cell and hydrogen production. It is the perfect place to launch H2FLOW!

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Gasoline GeneratorAt the moment, gasoline generators are used to generate electricity. This method requires transportation and is environmentally irresponsible in this Carbon Age. Thus, now would be a good time to seek for alternative energy resources that can be easily acquired and, more importantly, clean.

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Quartz & RustThis diagram depicting the floatation and processing operation in Tako Pidtong. The system is able to process multiple mineral ores and seperate them. The end product can be mineral ores that scale from a foot to powder. In the flotation process, water from the tailing pond are cycle in and out. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) accumulates in the pond. These toxic wastes are eventually scooped out.

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Hydrogen ProductionNatural resource mining are often associate with water reservoirs. Quite frankly, any settlements require water source. The use of Hydrogen acquired from water may not be a new thing, but it was never really put into practical use. Water(H2O) can be split using solar energy or other renewable resources. It’s by product, hydrogen is an energy carrier that can be used to generate electricity. Accordingly, hydrogen from water potentially can be an appropriate trans-national solution for off-the-grid settlement, not only in Indo-china region but all around the world. Unfortunately, due to its lack in efficiency and costly materials, it is yet to reach the commercial operation.

Need of off-grid energy in Indo-China Mineral RegionThe site, Tako Pid Tong is a part of the Indo-China Mineral region, from the Malayu Penisula to South China border, along the Thailand and Myanmar border. There are many isolated communities that do not have appropiate energy and transportation infrastructure.The region is transforming because of the end of the dictatorship of Myanmar in 2011. The economy has been liberated and Foreign In-vestment in natural resource is increasing rapidly.

The outcome of open pit mining like that of Tako Pidtong has large amount of water body. Some of these water bodies are form by hydro-mining method, tailing pond, or resulted from mining pit. Water reservoir is a common resource in not only mining but anykind of off-the-grid settlement be-cause its vital to life.

H2Flow focuses on getting the most out of water resources and technologies. Beside producing hy-drogen from water, it also explore the possibilites of utilizing it in mining development, tourist attrac-tions, local fishery, and in ecological treatment.

The abondoned mine, Tako Pidtong has multiple synthetic reservoirs and it is rich in mineral deposi-tion, such as Quartz, that are neccesary for Solar Cell and hydrogen extraction. This is an ideal lo-cation for a self-sufficient research operation that develop the future hydrogen technology.

Region facilities such as industrial factories and airship launch pad will be establish. H2Flow - Hydrogen Research Operation is the solution for off-the-grid energy, transportation, and tourists op-portuinities to the Indo-China region.

Hydrogen from water Unlock PossibilitiesResearch Operation Regional Expansion

Indo-ChinaMineral Band

Water-baseHydrogen

Research Operation

TransformingRegion

IsolatedNo Infrastructure

MultipleReservoirs

MiningFacility

SustainbleOff-grid Energy

Research Facility

Air LogisticTransportation

TouristFacility

AirObservatory

Rich MineralDeposition

Water + SunPotential use

Clean

AbandonedTako Mine

Key: Off-Grid Energy

MiningReservoirs

Dam

Hydrogen

ExploringPossibilities

Mine Tourist

Fishery

Ecology

Energy

H2Transport Mineral

Transport

TouristsObservatory

H20

H2

Regional Expansion

HydrogenRevolution!

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H2FLOW

H2FLOW

H2Hex

With rich deposition of Quartz and iron oxide--the major raw material for hydrogen production, this abandoned mine serves as a perfect location to establish a hydrogen research facility. H2FLOW will functions as a self-sufficient research operation that will revolutionize off-the-grid energy and unlock potential of hydrogen in Indo-China mineral region.

The Idea of the production units or H2Hex came from the direct contact with water. This will make it seems as if hydrogen is bubbling out of the water.

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Glass GlassPEM/Salt Bridge

Wind Turbine

ElectrolyserElectrolyser

Solar Cell Algae CathodeGlass Glass

Glass GlassH2 Feed

Solar Cell

AnodeBacteria

Inter Lock

H2 Air

H2O

H2 Pipe

Bumper

H2HexIn H2Hex system the production units feed the hydrogen into the storage unit which stores it in a balloon. The hexagon shape gives the maximum area of production units and also give its strength The Hydrogen direct production includes: artificial leaf which mimic photosynthesis process, biophotolysis which use algae to produce hydrogen, microbial fuel cell which use microorganism to produce hydrogen, clean water, and generate electricity. In Indirect production, renewable energy such as solar cell and wind turbine can be used to generate electricity use to split water.

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Net Net

FishShrimps

Nursery Deck WetlandPathway Pool

FISHERY RECREATION REMEDIATION

H2HexThe hexagon floating system can also be used for other functions such as generating food, recreational activities, and water treatment.

Propeller

Propeller

Propeller

H2

Bridge

BridgeCargo Hold

Engine

Engine

H2 CapsulesDrone

Solar Votaic

Solar Votaic

Observatory Deck

H2ZEPnaturally as the lightest element, hydrogen can be used in airships. H2Flow airship is design to accommodate observatory for tourists and cargo airship for transporting mineral. In addition H2FLOW also offer a drone that provide hydrogen delivery service.

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Master Plan Material Flow

1

3

13

9

4

5

17

7

13

8

6

26

15

14

10

11

12

19

18

13

22

21

23

24

25

27

20

20

20

20

16

20

20LegendMining1. Hydro-Electric Dam2. Quartz Mining Pit3. Quartz Processing Plants4. Feldspar and Tin Mining Pit5. Flotation Plant6. Tin Processing Plant7. Processing Plant8. H2Zep Launch Pad9. H2 Fueling Station

Research10. Research Labra-tory11. Prefabrication Labratory12. Reparing Center13. Storage Ware-house14. Researchers Housings15. Hangars

Tourists16. Hiking Trails17. Activities Facility18. H2Flow Center19. H2Zep Tower20. Vista Points

Community21. Military Camp22. Military Hangar23. Temple24. 10 Houses Village25. Karen Church26. Tako Pidthong School27. Thai-Myanmar Border

LANDSCAPE ADJUSTMENTDAM

P.6 POST-MININGRECLAMATION

QUARTZ PROCESSING PLANTSQUARTZ MINING PIT

H2FLOW CENTER

FELDSPAR AND TIN MININGFLOATATION PLANTS

H2ZEP TRANSPORT

MUSEUMLARGE RESERVOIR

REMEDIATIONMUSEUM

PREFABRICATION LABRESEARCH LAB

REPAIRING CENTER

HANGARS

H2ZEP TOWER

HIKING TRAIL

H2DELIVERYH2HEX

H2ZEP OBSERVATORY

DAM

ACTIVITIES FACILITY

HOUSINGSSTORAGE

2014

2016

2018

2022

2026

2080

P.1 ESTABLISH ENERGY FACILITYP.2 INITIATE MINING FACILITY

P.3 INITIATE RESEARCH FACILITIES P.4 TECHNOLOGY INCUBATION

P.5 FULL HYDROGEN FACILITY OPERATION AND REGIONAL EXPANSION

dMININGFACILITY

RESEARCHFACILITY

TOURISTFACILITY

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Quartz Processing Plant Floatation PlantThis proposed quartz processing plants is divided into 4 sections. This is the result of the expan-sion of the plants. The processing plant with expand when there are more funding after the miner-als are sold. The plant is located on the slope of the mountain of the quartz mining pits. It is posi-tion to use the gravity to help in the process from mining, storing, crushing, grinding, and then store again. Beside the processing plant are the Hydrogen fueling stations for H2 vehicles and fuel cell generator that provide electricity for the process.

This renovated floatation plant will be use to seperate Feldspar, Mica, and Tin. Similar process and struc-ture of the plant is kept to show the reminicense of the previous mining cultures. The position of the ma-chine would be similar to the existing facility. However, proper water treatment system would installed to retain contamination and extract Iron Oxide in the process. This is one of the material that has the potential for photoelectrochemical process.

Mining Facilitieshydrogen-base mining extraction and processing

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Fabrication Laboratory

Repairing and Storage

H2Zep Hangars

Residential UnitsResearch LaboratoryExhibition InteriorExhibition Exterior

The fabrication labratory is equiped with necessary machines to construct various type of H2Hex units. There are areas that tests out the prototype units. The warehouse-like architectures with high roof en-able space for large machines. The lab faces toward the pond so the units can be transfer to the water easily. It also has direct connection with the repar-ing center.

The repairing center extends into the pond. It has a large opening that enable the H2Hex to flow into the center for maintainance. The walkway that runs along the pond would be lifted up to ensure that the floating devices are able to enter the building. Hydrogen cap-sules will be kept in this location. It would also store hydrogen in underground presurize tanks.

The design is of typical hangars, but it would holds innovative airships that could be the future of obser-vatory touring and even new type of logistic trans-portation of the coming generation. The hangars temporary hold the H2Zeps for repairing and modify-ing. Normally these airship have the ability to stay up in the air all the time.

Residential units that faces toward the pond build the relationship between the tenants and water, the key elements of their research. This view would also be calm and peaceful.

This open-plan 3 stories main characteristic has the seating that extend over the pond. This give a peace-ful environment for the researchers to sit and relax. It would also act as a small ampitheatre.

The large and full-height exhibition area would hold the information about the hydrogen technologies. These showcase would be for the visitors to learn more about the facilities. It would also provide indoor event space for the communities.

The exhibition building aims to be a share space be-tween the existing communities, miners, tourists, and researchers. Shading devices are provided to avoid heat gain to the building.

H2Zep TowerThe tower would direct the air traffic. It is also a platform in which visitors and researchers get on and off of H2Zep. The airships provide transporta-tion to other area as well as act as an observatory for touris and researchers. It will fly across Suan Phueng and the Tenasserim Mountain range.

Research Facilitiesoff-grid water-base landscape energy extraction

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Hydro-electric Dam

Reservoirs

Club house and Weir

This is the first sight you’ll see of H2FLOW. This dam is a way to store renewable

energy that is used in mining process before hydrogen operation. It also contribute as

a fresh water source for Suan Phueng.

The pathway along the reservoirs of the dam will provide recreational platform for

communities such as joggin, fishery, and diving.The marshland will also give ecological benefit.

H2Flow will also offer a clubhouse that allows water activities such as kayaking and sailing.

Weir system will treat the water from the upper mining area as it flow down to the dam reservoir.

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Airship Launch Pad

Quartz Mine

Fabrication Laboratory

Not only does this new energy system do what the previous mining operation does but also open room for new airship transportation that can travel freely without road in this mountainous area.

The research facility will have the mutual support to the mining operation because the generated hydrogen can be used to generate electricity for machinery, vehicles, and explosives.

The operation promote community involvement and offer training facility to the local people. H2Flow offers tourist experience to the facility as well

Application Phase, Stairs leading to viewpoint and Inter-relation between workers and usersVisitors exploring the cross sections of the Bio Pilot Pits

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S3 Project

Soil Section Showcase : Significance of Topsoil for Suan Phueng’s development

Within the Indo China region lies the Indo-Burma Hotspot area that consists all the main Southeast Asian countries of Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and eastern India too. Favoring an area of more than 2 million square kilometers, the spot majorly habitats many bio-diverse species currently threatened of their influential tropical eco-system. Major Vegetation typologies including forests, agricultural patches, freshwater ecosystems and terrestrial biomes are hugely affected due to ineffective planning mechanisms resulting in disturbance patches which reduce the rate of succession growth thereby affecting topsoil sensitivity.

Ratchaburi, draws its attention to the recurring Thanao See mountains of Thailand which references itself from the existing terrestrial biome of deciduous forests mainly under tropical evergreen and broadleaf trees .The proportion of the flora and fauna are direct indicators of the topsoil quality of the region. Suan Pheung previously a mining site already shows its signals of water contamination, former excavations, overburdens, excessive dry soil, little species of flora and fauna, these being compensated with natural grasslands affecting the landscape’s contour and water flow. Overtime, Suan Pheung has lost the natural capability of producing topsoil, as a result the site being dehydrated.

Topsoil type classified as a Horizon A, the most nutritive and essential layer of the soil where microbial activities take place in shaping future activities is required for creating a sustainable environment. Any type of development necessarily requires topsoil as a mandatory factor in the redevelopment of the site. Hence, S3 Project provides an interventional platform dedicated to topsoil awareness as a solution to alleviate existing contamination and dehydration of site. Major linear path is dug to expose cross section of various experimental fields(exploring possible land methods to increase top soil) around site. Due to the heavy deposition of feldpsar and quartz on site, two being main components in creating soda lime glass mass produced float glass, S3 concurrently promotes Suan Phueng as a float glass exporter in the long run too. Ways of regenerating top soil as a fact is the initial step towards reclaiming the site by methods of planting early perennial species, developing a forest groundcover ranges, livestock etc.

นทรรศชนดน: ความสำาคญของชนดนสำาหรบการพฒนาของสวนผง

ในภมภาคอนโดจน เปนสถานทตงอยของอยของประเทศในเอเชยตะวนออกเฉยงใต ประกอบดวยประเทศไทย พมา , กมพชา , เวยดนาม , ลาวและภาคตะวนออกของอนเดย ภายในพนทกวา 2 ลานตารางกโลเมตรขในภมภาคดงกลาว เปนทอยอาศยของสตวนานาชนดทมความหลากหลายทางชวภาพและมความสำาคญตอระบบนเวศในพนทเขตรอนทกำาลงถกคกคาม พนททมพนธไมทสำาคญ อาท พนทปาไม พนทการเกษตร พนทระบบนเวศนำาจดและระบบนเวศพณธไมบกไดรบผลกระทบอยางมหาศาลจากกลไกการวางแผนทไมมประสทธภาพ ทำาใหการเจรญเตบโตของระบบนเวศลดความเรวลงและเปนเหตใหหนาดนเสอมคณภาพ

จงหวดราชบรอยในบรเวณเทอกเขาตะนาวศรททอดตวเปนแนวยาวทางทศตะวนตกของประเทศไทย ซงเตมไปดวยระบบนเวศแบบปาผลดใบและไมผลดใบ จำานวนพนธพชและสตวตางๆเปนตวชวดถงคณภาพและความอดมสมบรณของหนาดนในบรเวณนน อำาเภอสวนผงซงเคยมการทำาอตสาหกรรมเหมองแรนนมรองรอยของการปนเปอนในนำา การขดเจาะ ดนแหงแตก พนธพชและสตวไมมความหลากหลาย พนทสเขยวทถกทำาลายไปจากการทำาเหมองสงผลกระทบตอโครงสรางตามธรรมชาตของพนดนและการไหลของนำา ในชวงระยะเวลาทมการทำาเหมองแรนน อำาเภอสวนผงจงสญเสยความสามารถตามธรรมชาตในการสรางผนดนใหสมบรณและกลายมาเปนผนดนทแหงแตกในทสด

ดนซงจดอยในประเภท Horizon A ถอเปนดนทอดมสมบรณทสดและเปนชนดนทสำาคญมากเพราะเปนชนดนทมจลชพเกดขนมากทสด และจลชพเหลานมสวนสำาคญทชวยใหเกดเปนระบบนเวศและวงแวดลอมทยงยน การพฒนาใดๆกตามยอมมความจำาเปนจะตองใชหนาดน ดงนน โครงการ S-3 จงคดคนแนวทางเขาแทรกแซงโดยเนนทการใหความสำาคญของหนาดน เพอเปนทางออกและบรรเทาปญหาการปนเปอนของนำาและปญหาดนแหงแตก และจากการทบรเวณเหมองตะโกปดทอง มปรมาณแรเฟลดสปาและควอตซสะสมอยเปนจำานวนมาก จงมความเปนไปไดทเหมองจะเปนแหลงการสงออกหลกของแรประเภทนในระยะยาวอกดวย

Ashwati Teresa Joseph อสวาต เทเรซา โจเซฟโครงการ S-3

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Located in Southe-east Asia, the terrestrial belt of Indo CHina forms an important developing ecosystem dealing with terrestrial biomes nurturing the growth of certain species of plants and animals WORLD TERRESTRIAL BIOMES INDO CHINA REGION

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Initial Idea of S3To re-develop th site in terms of good eco-system basically arising from the startin point of having well functioning top soil. Further leading to a space of natural ecological successions

Saiyok National Park and Taninthyari National ParkRate of Flora and Fauna as direct indicators of good top soil

Different Initial Ways of generating Top Soil

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INDO Burma Hotspot and Biomes

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TAKO PIT THONG

Analysis of existing soil sections

1. Near the Mining Plants : Loose Soil2. Loose Soil with little Organic top layer3. Dehydrated Soil : Dry Bamboo4. Exposed Section : Dry and Brittle Soil5. Near water source : Organic matter suggests balanced soil

Suan Pheung Mines

The above land-use is always dependant on the topsoil type classified as a Horizon A, the most nutritive and essential layer of the soil where microbial activities take place in shaping future activities, be it any kind. Any type of rural or urban development would necessarily require the importance of topsoil as a mandatory factor in the redevelopment of the site. Ways of regenerating top soil as a fact is the initial step towards reclaiming the site by methods of planting early perennial species, developing a forest groundcover ranges, livestock etc. Trading of soil in the coming years can result in improving certain region’s condition thereby giving access for nutritive soil, rich in providing successive vegetation over the time period

Suan Pheung mainly an area, where the deposition quantity of tin, quartz, feldspar, mica being higher earlier developed as a prominent area for excavations of minerals. The map showing locations of previous and existing mines.

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S3 System RelationsGeneric Programs and Relations within various systems of the S3 Networking furing Initial Phase

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S3 Phasing of Events

S3 TimelineUser and Activity Relationships

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Master Plan : Experimental PhaseResearch related to Contamination within SiteInitial decision making process of where to plant the experimental fields in order to generate top soil. Other infrastructure procedures of grinding existing overburden and using it as a starter

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Master Plan : Application PhasePhase where top soil is generated by the experimental fields, in order to move forwards to apply to other land types. Main path excavated for S3 Project

Research related to Depostion of Minerals within Site

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Procedural Changes in Landscape over timeDepicting topographical changes within certain sectors of S3

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Catalog of other structuresMain sections within the Float Glass Plant

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Contour Change along the Northern Area on site Solar Plant

Circular Pits planted along changed contours Vermicomposting

Flow of Water adjusted awith contour and Eucalyptus plantations, treated water released to environment Landscape adjusted to infrastructure along the contours to provide energy to neighbouring areas

S3 providing elevated pathway to viewpoint Mixed usage of land composing of Ammonia rich soil, grassland border buffer and pig farm.

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Hyperaccumulators Resource Energy

Float Plant Pilot Pits

Providing Natural Water Treatment by planting along the boundary of contaminated water source Biogas Plant setup in full function during application phase for visitors to use

Processing and Storing situated near Quartz Mine Field After phase of mature top soil produced by decomposing of organic waste, mixed species of plants and trees planted to secure the soil to not drain off its nutrients

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S3 Underground CorridorVisitors pass through to explore various exposed sections of trees covered in transparent float glass engraved with information on soil and roots type. Above, naturall daylight passes through gaps of ground level researcher’s pathway where main experimental fields lie.

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Excavated Pathway Underground

Vermicompoting UndergroundVisitors interacting with the 1.5 by 10 meter pit underground

S3 Project mainly aims in creating an interventional platform that raises topsoil awareness as a major fact in the redevelopment of any post mining abandoned sites. By doing so, it focuses particularly in engaging the Tako Pit’s ex-miners who previously had an own culture related to mining and relates activities. In order to regain Tako Pit Thong’s recognition as a mining community, mining is started to extract the existing minerals and use it in a self sustaining way to develop infrastructure using glass. Glass having a property of visually transparent quality helps in showcasing the sections of developed cross section of soil within the experimental and application fields of S3. Thus the visitors are able to experience a transparent medium of underground horizons of soil and its developing mechanism of self succession throughout the coming years.

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FRONTIER MINESCAPE

At the Thai-Burma Border, in the Tako Pidthong area, having been situated right in the middle of two nations as well as being a refugee corridor, two major issues that any future development could not ignore are multi-ethnic groups and national security. For decades, refugees from Myanmar had fled into Thailand through every possible passageway. The Ban Tham Hin refugee camp, located not so far from the site, had been a shelter for over 4,000 households of refugees since the 1980’s and relocation had remained a major issue for years, leading to concerns in national security.

The problem lies in the fact that resettling became a troublesome issue when refugees are ill equipped with survival skills necessary to adapt to the new environment. They lack education on language, general knowledge and skills necessary for resettlement requirements as well as their future life in the third country. Thus, in order to help the refugees relocate, proper education and training would be required for efficient resettlement procedures to be achieved.

Therefore, the Frontier Minescape project seeks to alleviate this dilemma by proposing a new strategy for Takopidtong border development. This includes reactivating a series of vacant mine facilities and maximizing the potential within the soils of the Tako Pidthong area. The project aims to renovate the area into a fully facilitated ‘Refugee Education & Training Ground’ that would provide a mutual benefit between the 2 main agencies that occupies the area, which are the refugees and the military.

The refugees would be able to find work at the mines in which the process of eco-mining would incorporate the training of numerous sets of skills such as construction, mechanism, as well as agriculture, which could benefit these workers and equip them with tools of education that could help them find work elsewhere in the future. Furthermore, the process of mining would subsequently generate a terrain that could be utilized to develop facilities that serve as an external expansion for the military base once resources within the mine depletes. The post-mining strategy would strategically exert the benefits that come when mining is finished and these new military facilities could help raise the surveillance and security along the borders to new heights.

Hence, the project will “strategically weave all disconnected layers” of refugees, mining and military together as well as establish a mutual benefit between these agencies that would sustain for years to come.

ณ ชายแดนไทย-พมา ตะโกปดทองไดเปนชองทางของการลภยขามพรมแดนของชาวพมามาหลายทศวรรษ ดวยเหตนสงทการพฒนาพนทชายแดนไมสามารถละเลยไดคอ “ความมนคงของชาต” และ “การอยรวมกนของชนกลมหลากหลายเชอชาต” ในชวงเวลาหลายสบปทผานมาสถตผลภยชาวพมาในประเทสไทยไดเพมขนอยางตอเนอง คายผลภยบานถำาหนทตงอยไมหางจากตะโกปดทองมากนกไดเปนทพกพงของผลภยชาวพมามากกวา 4,000 ครวเรอน และการยายถนฐานกยงคงเปนปญหาหนกและยงไมไดรบการแกไข ซงสาเหตนนำาไปสความกงวลในการรกษาความปลอดภยของชาต

สาเหตหนงของปญหานคอผลภยชาวพมานนขาดความสามารถและทกษะหลายๆดานทสามารถนำาไปสการยายถนฐานทสมบรณ ชนกลมนอยเหลานยงขาดการศกษาทงในดานภาษา, ความรทวไป และทกษะดานแรงงานอนๆทจำาเปนสำาหรบความตองการของการตงถนฐานใหมเชนเดยวกบชวตในอนาคตของพวกเขาในประเทศทสาม ดงนนเพอทจะชวยใหผลภยมโอกาสในการยายถนฐานมากขน การศกษาทเหมาะสมและการฝกอบรมทกษะจงมความจำาเปนอยางมาก

เพอเปนการบรรเทาปญหาน โครงการฟรอนเทยรไมนสเคปจะเปนแผนพำฒนาพนทชายแดนทจะสามารถใหประโยชนแกทงผลภยและเสรมสรางความมนคงของชาตไปพรอมๆกน ทงนโครงการจะเปนการเสนอกลยทธใหมทจะนำาการทำาเหมองแรตะโกปดทองกลบมาสการปฏบตการอกครงและกลานเปรพนทการพฒนาศกยภาพผลภยอยางครบวงจร เนองจากการทำาเหมองนนแทจรงแลวตองใชทกษะเปนจำานวนมาก อยางเชนทกษาะการกอสราง การควบคมเครองจกร การไฟฟา และนอกจากน ภายหลงการทำาเหมองเสรจพนทนนๆยงสามารถเปนพนทการฝกงานดานเกษตร กรรมไดอกดวย

นอกจากนเมอเสรจสนการทำาเหมองแรกลยทธในการปรบปรงพนทเหมองเกาคอการสรางสงอำานวยความสะดวกแกกองทพและเปนฐานฝกทหาร สงตางๆเหลานจะชวยเพมความสามารถในการรกษาความปลอดภย และเสรมสรางการรกษาความมนคงตามแนวชายแดนใหสงขนอกหลายระดบ จงสรปไดวาโครงการพฒนาพนทชายแดนฟรอนเทยรไมนสเคป จะเปนกลยทธทเชอมเอาศกยภาพของของการทำาเหมองแร เพอมาเปนการฝกฝนทกษะผลภยและมาชวยการเสรมสรางการรกษาความมนคงชาตของการทหาร หรออกนยหนงคอโครงการนจะกอใหเกดความสมพนธทเออประโยชนซงกนและกนระหวางหนวยงานเหลานซงไมเคยมมากอน และคาดวาจะกอใหเกดประโยชนสงสดแกพนทชายแดนตะโกปดทองแหงน

Sirapa Supakalin ศราภา ศภะกะลนฟรอนเทยรไมนสเคป

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REFUGEE MOVEMENT AND MILITARY CONTROLFor decades, refugees from Myanmar had fled into Thailand through every possible passageway. Through Tako pidthong, Myanmar refugee had escaped from their home country and come to Baan Tham Hin refugee camp, located not so far from the site. The trend of inflow continues to rise, therefore, it can be said that the camp is facing a situation of overpopulation.

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CONNECTION BETWEEN BAAN THAM HIN REFUGEE CAMP AND TAKO PIDTONGThe connection between the camp and Tako Pidthong lies here where all youth population in the camp will be able get an education at Tako Pidthong school. Over these few years, the number minority ethnic group such as Karen and Mon keep rising within the school. For several years, the UNHCR (The UN refugee Agency) had attempted to relocate the camp’s inhabitants, but mostly yielded unfavorable results. Consequently, the refugees are currently rotting away their lives, resulting in and the erosion of camp supplies in terms of proper food and clean water.

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CURRENT UNHCR RESETTLEMENT PROCEDURE AND ALTERNATIVE METHOD

The next diagram shows the current procedure of resettlement by the UNHCR. The problem that often occurs is that, as an unskilled labor, the refugee’s application often rejected, and without any efficient problem solving, the same cycle repeats. Thus, it is reasonable to analyze that in order to help the refugees to successfully carry out their relocation, proper education and training would be required for efficient resettlement procedures to be achieved. Regardless of how slim the possibility of achieving relocation of labor seems to be, the demand for skilled labor is still exceptionally high, particularly in developed countries such as United States, Australia, Canada, Norway and Finland. The specific skills demanded by these countries include mechanical, construction, agricultural, and especially mining skills. This finding opens up a whole new possibility that could effectively reduce the overpopulation problem and poor living quality of refugees.

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SKILLS OBTAINED THROUGH MINING

Fortunately, within the Tako Pidthong area situates a vacant mine that is within the military controlled zone, in which had become the main inspiration for this project; why not put this vacant mine to good use? Though the new method of mining, this diagram shows how such skills can be achieved through this modern mining platform.

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MASTER PLAN Shows the stage after mine depletes and full military restoration programs are installed.

Therefore, the Frontier Minescape project seeks to alleviate this dilemma by proposing a new strategy for Takopidtong border development. This includes reactivating a series of vacant mine facilities and maximizing the potential within the soils of the Tako Pidthong area. The project aims to renovate the area into a fully facilitated ‘Refugee Education & Training Ground’ that would provide a mutual benefit between the 2 main agencies that occupies the area, which are the refugees and the military.

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PROJECT PHASES

CIRCULATION PROGRAM

The project will be divided into 4 main phases. Firstly the land preparation, where the expansion of military base and establishment of botanical research center as well as basic training facilities will be provided for a larger military division that will be secure utilizing the are in the future. Secondly, The Feldspar Mining Reactivation, the project will apply an aco-minign method by alternate between active mining and restoring inwhich when the first mine depletes, the restoration will occur right after and finish by the time of the reactivation of minign in the next area. Thirdly, Tin Mining Reactivetion and feldspar mine restoration, this phase will repeating ecomining method and do the same in the last phase which is Quartz mining reactivation.

The yellow lines in cirulation diagram shows the designated refugee route which will be closely monitored by military personel which the route represents by red color.

The programmatic diagram shows the overall basic and advance military training program on the space that minign subswquently create.

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MILITARY PROGRAM AND OPERATION CATALOG

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AMMUNITION CATALOG AND MORTA SEED BULLET INTRODUCTION

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FELDSPAR MINE REACTIVATION I

FELDSPAR MINING REACTIVATION II

the open pit mining technique subsequently create a space that suitable for military shooting range to be a reclamation program

Box cut mining technique will create a high cut wall, suitable for a mountaineering training program.

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TIN MINING REACTIVATION

QUARTZ MINING REACTIVATION

The layer of tin deposition will be extracted by strip mining technique, and provided space for creating a sports field and swimming pool for military training as well as public facilities

A long and deep mine deposition, with the mountain top removal and strip mining method subsequently create a suitable space for eco friendly seed mortar shooting and seed bomb (air bomb) training. For mortae seed restoration, different seed will contains in different bullet, each mining contour level will be target for different mortar range, as a result crops grow together between different strips between season will improve soil fertility

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SEED BOMBING OPERATIONSeed bomb operation as an air bomb training will effectively utilize the military traingin routine as a landscape restoration.

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MINING SITE AGRICULTURAL LAND

BOTANICAL RESEARCH CENTER

By providing occipational training and education for more than 4,000 housholds of border refugee who have more than enough manpower potentially capable of transforming the landscape of this magnitude. Frontier Minescape operation would not only benefits refugee of various ethnic group but also the results of physical landscape trabsformation can be adapt to provide military training facilities for Thailand border and could help raise the surveillance and security along the borders to new heights.

The perspective shows the activities at Botanical research center where kids from local school, soldiers and refugees behave in colaborative manners in order to build a self sufficient system.

The aim of the project is not to exploit the refugees as labour but creating an ideal community where different group of people work together and establish a symbiosis relationship.

The perspective shows the engagement between soldiers and refugees in the agricultural land.

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TAKO SAWAN BAANNA

Thailand presently faces problems with air and water pollution, declining wildlife population, deforestation, soil erosion, water scarcity and hazardous waste issues in which are effecting the living conditions of many rural communities such as Tako Pidthong community.

In this case, sustainable landscapes are responsive to the environment, re-generative, and can actively contribute to the development of healthy communities. Tako Sawan Baanna is an exchange program, allowing the exchange of permaculture and organic farming skills as well as culture and life skills. It will allow visitors to immerse themselves in the local landscape, live a legacy life, while making a difference in Tako Pidthong community.

The project supports, promotes and facilitates social and environmental cultural exchange and volunteering by providing free and low cost volunteering opportunities on organic and permaculture farm projects. Local communities will be involved in helping and hosting volunteers including students, tourists and everyone who is interested in understanding the sustainable living such as: natural building, rain water harvesting, composting, integrated farming, living low carbon footprint lifestyles, recycling, solar energy, aquaculture, rural and urban food gardens, grey water management, food forestry, and other life skills as meditation, Yoga and Thai message.

Tako Sawan Baanna teaches, builds and supports food sovereignty and sustainable resilient communities by helping organic permaculture farms and farmers with local volunteers and building the international social capital of low carbon sustainable lifestyles. It helps poor rural farm communities by encouraging international understanding and cultural exchange by sharing our common strengths and humor in the light of our struggle for meaning. Our objective is to create a more organic and sustainable world with strong connections to each other and our community, we facilitate, contribution and share organic, mindful, life experiences and provide meaning to what it means to be human.

Atima Yasadatt

ปจจบนประเทศไทยประสบปญหากบอากาศและมลพษทางนำา ซงทำาใหประชากรของสตวปาลดลง ปญหาการตดไมทำาลายปา การพงทลายของดน การขาดแคลนนำา และปญหาของเสยทจะมผลกระทบตอสภาพความเปนอยของชมชนชนในหลายๆดาน อยางเชนชมชนตะโกปดทอง

ในกรณนโครงการตองการจะชวยทำาใหพนททมอยมภมทศนทยงยน มกจกรรมทมการตอบสนองตอสภาพแวดลอมทดอกครง ใหความสำาคญตอคน ชมชน และสตวทกำาเนดทนน เพอนำาไปสการพฒนาของชมชนทมความเปนอยทดขน ตะโก สวรรคบานนา เปน โครงการทสนบสนนกจกรรมอาสา การแลกเปลยนวฒนธรรม และ ชวยเพมความรเกยวกบ การดแลและพฒนาการเกษตกรรมถาวร ทกษะการเลยงสตว รวมทง วฒนธรรม และ ทกษะชวตซงจะชวยใหผเขารวมกจกรรมไดสมผสถงภมทศนของธรรมชาต ทงคนนอกทองถนและในทองถนเพอทจะมชวตอยรวมกนได

โครงการนสนบสนนและสงเสรมในการแลกเปลยนทางวฒนธรรม สงคมและสงแวดลอม โดยจะใหโอกาสในการเปนอาสาสมครฟร ในโครงการ ฟารม อนทรยและเกษตรกรรมถาวร ชมชนทองถนจะมสวนรวมในการชวยใหอาสาสมคร ซงนกเรยน และ นกทองเทยวทกคนทมความสนใจในการดำารงชวตอยางยงยน เชน การออกแบบอาคาร การใชธรรมชาต เกบเกยวนำาจากฝน การหมกปย การทำาการเกษตรแบบบรณาการ การสรางทอยอาศย วถชวตทพอเพยง การปลอยกาซคารบอนไดออกไซด การรไซเคล การใชพลงงานแสงอาทตย การเพาะเลยงสตวในชนบท และ การเพาะปลกในเมอง การจดการนำาเสย และทกษะชวต อนๆ เชนการทำาสมาธ โยคะ และ ความรทางภาษา

ตะโกสวรรคบานนาจะสอน สราง และสนบสนนชมชนใหมความยงยนดวยการทำาฟารม เกษตรกรรมแบบถาวร ดวยอาสาสมครในทองถน และการสรางทนทางสงคม การดำาเนนชวตทยงยนจะชวยชมชนทยากจนในฟารมในชนบทโดย การสงเสรมความเขาใจระหวางประเทศ และการแลกเปลยนทางวฒนธรรมโดยการแบงปนจดแขงรวมกนของเรา และอารมณขนในแงของการตอสวตถประสงคของโครงการคอการสรางชมชนทยงยนมากขนดวยการเชอมตอทแขงแกรงใหกบแตละคน และสงอนๆ ชมชนของเราจะอำานวยความสะดวกโดยการทำาใหคนในชมชนมสวนรวม และแบงปนอนทรยวสถ ขอคดทางสต ประสบการณชวต และใหแงคดในการดำาเนนชวตอยางยนยน ทงทางใจและกาย

อาทมา ยศะทตตตะโกสวรรคบานนา

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INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE Tako Pidthong as a post-ming site is home to many karens and other ethnic group of people who fled their homeland, in search for a place where they would feel ‘belonged’.

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ETHNIC MINORITIES AROUND THE LOCAL LANDSCAPEBesides having fertiled landscape, the site is located near the Thai-Myanmar border. Cultural diversity creates a meaningful identity for the site.

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LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITY Sustainable landscapes are responsive to the environment, re-generative, and can actively contribute to the development of healthy communities.

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PROGRAMATIC AND DESIGN INTERVENTIONOrganic Agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. The system integrated electrical, agricultural and residential units together sustainably.

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SUSTAINABLE MASTER PLAN OF TAKO SAWAN BAANNAThe resort benefits from the slop of the land around the pond, separating different sectors according to different programs and activities.

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SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC PERMACULTURE DIAGRAMOrganic Permaculture Agriculture combines traditional farming with innovation and science to benefit and support natural ecosystems and the environment and promote fair trade in relationships, enhanced quality of life for people and sustainable resilient communities for all.

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The design composes of four main type of rooms designed in according to the program and function.BUILDING DESIGN TYPOLOGY

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The local boat will transport the visitors and volunteers from the parking lot to the main lobby where they can register to join the program.TAKO SAWAN BAANNA PERSPECTIVE VIEW

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VIEW FROM THE BOAT TOWARDS TAKO SAWAN BAANNA Tako Sawan Banna can offer a secure, safe, lively and educational travel experience for low cost travelers to Thailand, who want to discover Thailand and its traditional values and connect with nature.

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Tako Sawan Banna offers something special for everyone that volunteers here. It encourages everyone to learn about traditional thai farming culture and enjoy the land of smiles with local children and our lovely friendly farm animals. The exchange of culture and sincerity will help the community become a better place.

The long corridor aims to allow the visitors to admire the scenery of the landscape.

RICE PADDY FIELD

VIEW LOOKING OUTWARD TO THE POND AS THE VISITOR ARRIVED

Nalinnipa YalaTangmo

Waranchalee Suwanpimolkul Mild

Phittawat ChittapraneeratJeen

Peechaorn PimarnpromNew

Sartita VongpradhipTangmo

Choen Tuangsintanakul Choen

Ploynisa Mongkoladisai Gift

Jarim Weeraboonchai Jim

Yarinda BunnagNina

UNEARTH: Buildiing on an Excavation

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Ashwati JosephAsh

Patorn PhoopatMik

Atima YasadattAi

Ratha TechasopapanNew

Pavin BanternghansaGun

Sirapa SupakalinPink

Passara TungvijitkulMai

Thanaphat Chullawut Aim

Chon Supawongse Tung

Lu XiaoxuanLu

Tako Mine: an Operational Terrain

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David Schafer Taylor Lowe

Patchara Wongboonsin (GSD’12, POAR)

Will Patera

Ornnicha Duriyaprapan (Princeton’13, POAR)

Taweesup Tongsongtum Singh IntrachootoAssociate Professor Dr. Pinyo Meechumna

Somkiet Chokvijitkul(GSD’ 12, LAB)

VISITING CRITICS

a design catalog: tako pit thong mine 2014

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