a chilean perspective of vocals

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VOCALS lgk misu06 A Chilean perspective of VOCALS Laura Gallardo Klenner Center for Mathematical Modeling, University of Chile (CNRS UMI 2807) [email protected] Mechoso Bretherton Huebert Weller Wood contribution to SOLAS/IGAC? ://www.joss.ucar.edu/vocals/

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contribution to. Mechoso. Bretherton. Wood. Weller. Huebert. A Chilean perspective of VOCALS. Laura Gallardo Klenner Center for Mathematical Modeling, University of Chile (CNRS UMI 2807) [email protected]. SOLAS/IGAC?. http://www.joss.ucar.edu/vocals/. Outline. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

A Chilean perspective of VOCALSLaura Gallardo Klenner

Center for Mathematical Modeling, University of Chile (CNRS UMI 2807)[email protected]

Mechoso Bretherton

Huebert Weller

Wood

contribution to

SOLAS/IGAC?

http://www.joss.ucar.edu/vocals/

Page 2: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Outline

• VOCALS REx: a few highlights

• Anthropogenic S perturbation of Sc?– Emissions– Coastal lows– Simulations– Observations

• Summary and next steps

“Camanchaca”

Page 3: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

SST CC%

CF

Why focusing over the South East Pacific (SEP)? Subtropical high

(subsidence)Andes Cordillera induces LLJUpwelling cold water and nutrients (fishery)CCN productionPersistent ScEffective coolingImportant for regional and global climate…but models don’t get the Sc right +Substantial anthropogenic perturbations

Page 4: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

CGCM Problems

•There is a meridional shift in ITCZ •a warm SST bias

•and insufficient stratocumulus cloud cover

Mechoso, 2006

CFS Errors

SST

Prec

CLD

Page 5: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

South Eastern Pacific/Western South America…WOW!!!

• Active volcanoes (natural emissions)

• Atacama: dryest desert of the world between the open Pacific and the heigh Andes (dust and circulations)

• Intensive and long-term mining activities (anthropogenic emissions)

• Humboldt current, upwelling and fishery (biogenic emissions, air-sea exchange and circulations)

• Most persistent and extensive subtropical Sc deck of the SH (microphysics and energy balance)

Page 6: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06Garreaud, 2006

DMS, sea salt

Page 7: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Pockets of open cells (POCs)e.g.,

WOW

Page 8: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

In the remote marine atmosphere the supply of DMS and its oxidation mechanisms limit the rates of new particle nucleation and growth.

These processes probably control the re-filling of POCs with clouds.

Iodine, ammonia, and organics may also play a role.

Huebert, 2006

e.g., WOW

Page 9: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Weller, 2006

Surface forcing from buoy driving a one-dimensional ocean model (PWP) produces a surface layer that is too warm and too salty.

Additional cooling and freshening is needed…..Eddies?)

e.g., WOW

Page 10: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Wood, 2006

Page 11: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

NB. Optimi$m•NASA/NOAA/NSF proposals under review•Chilean projects to be submitted July 11th

1 month intensive campaign in October 2007 8

Page 12: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Swedish connection…CCN characterization

~ 250 kUSD

Chilean Air Force

Page 13: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

IMARPE fishery research cruise:

Oct-Nov 2007

Study region

Main goals (main instruments):

1. Characterize the near-coastal 3D wind structure (ship-borne wind profiling radar).

2. Assess the relation between the wind and mesoscale ocean processes (upwelling and eddies) (wind profiler, CTDs and ADCP)

3. Determine the dynamical and thermodynamical structure associated with the coastal clearing (ship-borne radiosoundings).

Field experiment: October-November 2007

Cost ~ $70K (Peru)

International Partners - Peru

Page 14: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Chile is world’s largest Cu producer… Peru is also a Cu producer

Lefhon et al, 1999

CONAMA, 2001

Page 15: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Could the man made S emissions affect the cloud radiative properties? Under which conditions are anthropogenic emissions transported offshore?

Page 16: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Garreaud et al, 2002

COASTAL LOWS once a week

Page 17: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Coupled circulations/summer

Mechoso, 2006

Page 18: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Cerro Moreno

Chuquicamata

Strong easterly wind events downwind from the largest smelter…CL like?

Huneeus, 2003

•Evalution of Antofagasta soundings 1989-2002•Focus on extreme events: v700hPa >5 m/s

82 events Composite

CL like

Page 19: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

S-SO2 S-SO4

Em

issi

on

s (9

5%)

Em

issi

on

s (5

%)

Dry

dep

osi

tio

n

Dry

/ w

et

dep

osi

tio

n

OH

Swedish MATCH+HIRLAM fields (ca. 0.1°)

Dynamical Interpolation

Page 20: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Model Outputs

Page 21: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

We should expect changes in cloud droplet radii …or????

Average Jul20-Aug20 Event July 26

Page 22: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Observations?Average Jul20-Aug20 July 26

][

4

3

3

3

cm

kHr

LWPCDNC

effw

Suggestive, isn’t it?

Page 23: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

MODIS-Cloud droplet

concentration

Wood 2005

Page 24: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

FO

ND

EC

YT

2007-2010

Ana María Córdova (CEAZA)Manuel Leiva (CENMA)Laura Gallardo (CMM)

• …emission strengths/distribution …– Anthropogenic and volcanic: compile, order, check, extrapolate…– Biogenic:…parameterize…ROUGH estimate

• …regional distribution and relative contributions..– Dispersion modeling using re-analysis and downscaling– Compare with available observations

• …which aerosols become CCN…– Intensive campaign (2008):

• activated aerosols at a camanchaca station (CVI+on-line analysis)

• PM10/PM2.5 at the same site & PIXE analyses & ionchromatograph

• SO2 continuosly• Sunphotometer(s)

– Deploy passive samplers for N-S transect and seasonal changes• ..changes in reff, CDNC…

– Regional climate model simulations– Trend analyses for satellite data

Page 25: A Chilean perspective of VOCALS

VOCALS lgk misu06

Summary• The SEP region is a fantastic research area!!..with a large

potential for scientific growth• VOCALS offers a unique opportunity to improve our

(quantitative) understanding of aerosol-cloud-climate and land-sea-atmosphere interactions

• There is “evidence” of an impact of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols on the subtropical Sc deck (Huneeus et al, 2006)

• The Swedish scientific contribution is key for characterizing the coastal CCN

Laguna Chaxa, Atacama, Chile