A Chandra view to Exploding Stars

SN2014J

R. MarguttiHarvard

nothing

Margutti +13, +14; Kamble +13; Soderberg +06, +10

Energy partitioning

SNe are an OPTICAL phenomenon1051 erg OPTICAL

1047 ergX-rays/Radio

RADIATION from the REMNANT

X-rays from Supernovae

Log Time

Log Lx

< hr

SHOCK BREAK OUT(R exploding star)

Δt≈ 2msT≈250 keVE≈3 1041 erg Δt≈ hrs

(@ T0+5hrs)T≈ X-raysE≈1046-47 ergL~1044 erg/s

SHOCK INTERACTIONw. COMPANION

(R and distance of the companion)

Kasen +10

< several hrs

SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM

(mass-loss of the progenitor)

> 10 years

MASS-LOSS

PROGENITORS

SOURCE of ENERGY

…BUT…

RADIATION from the REMNANT

X-rays from Supernovae

Log Time

Log Lx

< hr

< several hrs

SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM

(mass-loss of the progenitor)

> 10 years

MASS-LOSS

SHOCK BREAK OUT(R exploding star)

Δt≈ 2msT≈250 keVE≈3 1041 erg Δt≈ hrs

(@ T0+5hrs)T≈ X-raysE≈1046-47 ergL~1044 erg/s

SHOCK INTERACTIONw. COMPANION

(R and distance of the companion)

Kasen +10

PROGENITORS SOURCE of ENERGY

MASS-LOSSDirect probe of EVOLUTION,Indirect probe of PROGENITORS

SOURCE of ENERGY

Explosion Mechanism

Type Ia SNe, Type Iax , Type Ibc, Type IIb, Strongly interacting SNe, Relativistic SNe, GRB-SNe, Super-Luminous SNe

Type Ia

Relativistic SNe

The PROBLEM

Progenitor System

“…The end is where we start from…”

The Little Gidding by T. S. Eliot

Type Ia SN explosion

?

WD

Two possible answers

?Double Degenerate

(DD)

Single Degenerate(SD)

Exploding star

HIGH-density environment

DIRTY

LOW-density environment

CLEAN “Tra

ditio

nal”

way

of t

hink

ing

Margutti +14

€

ρ =M•

4πR2vw@ R≈1016 cm

SD systems with STEADY mass-loss

SD systems with STEADY mass-loss

Margutti +14

Ruled O

ut

… “It’s black cats in dark rooms”… (S. Firenstein)

Margutti +12; +14

Mar

gutti

+12

; +14

Mar

gutti

+14

… “Its black cats in dark rooms… and there may be no cat in the room” (S. Firenstein)

Symbiotic systems with stable mass-loss are ruled out

MASS-LOSSType Ia

SOURCE of ENERGY

Relativistic SNe

Symbiotic systems with stable mass-

loss are ruled out

TAKE AWAY MESSAGES:

Margutti+14

Radio

Rel SNe

Faint GRBs

In the Radio/optical relativistic SNe looks the same as faint GRBs

X-rays

Relativistic SNe are an intrinsically different class of explosions

GRB Faint GRB Relativistic SN

Fully successful jet

break out

Barely successful

Barely failed

There is some good in every person

JetSN

MASS-LOSSType Ia Symbiotic

systems with stable mass-

loss are ruled out

TAKE AWAY MESSAGES:

SOURCE of ENERGY

Relativistic SNe Jets might be ubiquitous

X-rays from Supernovae

Log Time< few hr > 10 years

SHOCK BREAK OUT(R exploding star)

SHOCK INTERACTIONw. COMPANION

(R and distance of the companion)

SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM(mass-loss of the progenitor)

RADIATION from the REMNANT

(accreting BH, MAGNETAR)

Successful JET

PRESENT PAST FUTURE

Very early observations(DIFFICULT)

Faint(DIFFICULT)

RADIATION from the REMNANT in engine

driven SNe

10-100 days

Log Lx

COOLING ENVELOPE(R envelope)

ACCRETION onto the

progenitor

SN1994I

SN2002ap

GRB/SNe

“Standard”, envelope stripped SN Ibc

Hydrogen-poorSuper Luminous SNe

(M<-21)(e.g. Gal-Yam 2012)

7x1043 erg/s

Super-Luminous SNe

Super-Luminous SNe

MASS-LOSSType Ia

SOURCE of ENERGY

Relativistic SNe

Symbiotic systems with stable mass-

loss are ruled out

TAKE AWAY MESSAGES:

Jets might be ubiquitous

Super-Lum I

X-rays from Supernovae

Log Time< few hr > 10 years

SHOCK BREAK OUT(R exploding star)

SHOCK INTERACTIONw. COMPANION

(R and distance of the companion)

SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM(mass-loss of the progenitor)

RADIATION from the REMNANT

(accreting BH, MAGNETAR)

Successful JET

PRESENT PAST FUTURE

Very early observations(DIFFICULT)

Faint(DIFFICULT)

RADIATION from the REMNANT in engine

driven SNe

10-100 days

Log

Lx

COOLING ENVELOPE(R envelope)

ACCRETION onto the

progenitor

FUTURE

Thanks to the Chandra Team!!

MASS-LOSS

PROGENITORS

SOURCE of ENERGY

< hours

BACK UP

There is some good in every person

Barely successful jet break out

Consistent with hydrodynamical explosion (No need for a jet/engine)

Barely failed jet break out

Fully successful jet break out

JetSN

Type Ia SN2014JHost Galaxy: M82, D=3.5 Mpc

Explosion image

Margutti +14Chandra X-ray images