"A bomber aircraft on take-off carries "A bomber aircraft on take-off carries 12 dozen bombs, each weighing 10 12 dozen bombs, each weighing 10 kilos. The aircraft takes off for kilos. The aircraft takes off for Warsaw the international centre for Warsaw the international centre for Jewry. It bombs the town. On take-off Jewry. It bombs the town. On take-off with all bombs on board and a fuel with all bombs on board and a fuel tank containing 100 kilos of fuel, the tank containing 100 kilos of fuel, the aircraft weighed about 8 tons. When aircraft weighed about 8 tons. When it returns from the crusade, there are it returns from the crusade, there are still 230 kilos left. What is the weight still 230 kilos left. What is the weight of the aircraft when empty ?“of the aircraft when empty ?“

Exam question in Nazi GermanyExam question in Nazi Germany

Education and Youth in Education and Youth in Nazi GermanyNazi Germany

What were the aims and What were the aims and effects?effects?

"To keep a mentally ill person "To keep a mentally ill person costs approximately 4 marks a costs approximately 4 marks a day. There are 300,000 mentally day. There are 300,000 mentally ill people in care. How much do ill people in care. How much do these people cost to keep in these people cost to keep in total? How many marriage loans total? How many marriage loans of 1000 marks could be granted of 1000 marks could be granted with this money?“with this money?“

Exam question in Nazi GermanyExam question in Nazi Germany

What were the aims?What were the aims?

Your ideasYour ideas

What were the aims?What were the aims?

Create a loyal followingCreate a loyal following Control ideas of the young Control ideas of the young

population: indoctrinationpopulation: indoctrination Instil values of Nazi regime: fitness, Instil values of Nazi regime: fitness,

discipline, loyalty; as well as Nazi discipline, loyalty; as well as Nazi ideology (e.g. anti-Semitism)ideology (e.g. anti-Semitism)

Prepare next generation of Nazi Prepare next generation of Nazi soldiers and motherssoldiers and mothers

How did these aims manifest How did these aims manifest themselves? Schoolthemselves? School

Reich Education Ministry (1934)Reich Education Ministry (1934) No major change in structure of educationNo major change in structure of education Radical revision of syllabus Radical revision of syllabus

History History All media for transition of All media for transition of BiologyBiology Nazi philosophy; also PENazi philosophy; also PE GermanGerman

Teachers vetted by local authority; 97% Teachers vetted by local authority; 97% joined the Nazi Teachers' Associationjoined the Nazi Teachers' Association

Students encouraged to inform on teachers Students encouraged to inform on teachers

““A young German must be as swift as A young German must be as swift as a greyhound, as tough as leather, and a greyhound, as tough as leather, and as hard as Krupp's steel."as hard as Krupp's steel." HitlerHitler

Special schools for boys:Special schools for boys: Adolf Hitler SchoolsAdolf Hitler Schools - future leaders of - future leaders of

Germany: 6 years of tough physical Germany: 6 years of tough physical training then to the army or to universitytraining then to the army or to university

Order CastlesOrder Castles – very best students – very best students Took pupils to the limits of physical Took pupils to the limits of physical

endurance: war games used live endurance: war games used live ammunition and pupils were killedammunition and pupils were killed

Those who graduated from the Order Those who graduated from the Order Castles could expect to attain a high Castles could expect to attain a high position in the army or SSposition in the army or SS

How did these aims manifest How did these aims manifest themselves? Universitythemselves? University

‘‘Unreliable’ teachers dismissedUnreliable’ teachers dismissed ‘‘Jewish’ theses banned e.g. EinsteinJewish’ theses banned e.g. Einstein 1933-38 45% of university posts 1933-38 45% of university posts

changedchanged

Why was university so important to Why was university so important to control?control?

How did these aims manifest How did these aims manifest themselves? Youth Movementsthemselves? Youth Movements

Hitler Youth: as important as schoolHitler Youth: as important as school Movements for young people already Movements for young people already

existed (Nazi youth 1920s)existed (Nazi youth 1920s) Almost compulsory by 1936; actually Almost compulsory by 1936; actually

19391939 Catered for 10-18 year olds Catered for 10-18 year olds Boys: preparation for military serviceBoys: preparation for military service Girls: preparation for motherhoodGirls: preparation for motherhood

BoysBoys Deutsches JungvolkDeutsches Jungvolk (German Young (German Young

People) 10-14 People) 10-14 Hitler JugendHitler Jugend (Hitler Youth) 14-18 (Hitler Youth) 14-18 GirlsGirls JungmadelbundJungmadelbund (League of Young (League of Young

Girls) 10-14Girls) 10-14 Bund Deutscher MadelBund Deutscher Madel (League of (League of

German Girls) 14-18German Girls) 14-18 Activities?Activities?

T. Rieger Boy from Hitler's Youth (1941)

Tasks:Tasks:

According to source 1 what is the aim of According to source 1 what is the aim of education policy?education policy?

What is the purpose of History teaching What is the purpose of History teaching according to source 2? Why is controlling according to source 2? Why is controlling History important?History important?

Look at source 5: describe the trend in Look at source 5: describe the trend in membership of the Hitler Youth.membership of the Hitler Youth.

What can we learn about the What can we learn about the indoctrination of youth through source 6?indoctrination of youth through source 6?

Balder von Shirach oversaw Balder von Shirach oversaw the Hitler Youththe Hitler Youth