a atomic spectra - cernherzberg, molecular spectra and molecular structure. i. diatomic molecules...

A Atomic Spectra

Fig

.A.1

.Spe

ctru

mof

hydr

ogen

atom

136 A Atomic Spectra

Fig

.A.2

.Spe

ctru

mof

heliu

mat

om

A Atomic Spectra 137

Fig. A.3. Spectrum of lithium atom


Fig. A.4. Spectrum of beryllium atom


Fig. A.5. Spectrum of boron atom


Fig

.A.6

.Spe

ctru

mof

carb

onat

om


Fig

.A.7

.Spe

ctru

mof

nitr

ogen

atom


Fig

.A.8

.Spe

ctru

mof

oxyg

enat

om


Fig

.A.9

.Spe

ctru

mof

fluor

ine

atom


Fig

.A.1

0.Sp

ectr

umof

neon

atom


Fig. A.11. Spectrum of sodium atom


Fig

.A.1

2.Sp

ectr

umof

mag

nesi

umat

om


Fig. A.13. Spectrum of aluminium atom


Fig

.A.1

4.Sp

ectr

umof

silic

onat

om


Fig

.A.1

5.Sp

ectr

umof

phos

phor

usat

om


Fig

.A.1

6.Sp

ectr

umof

sulf

urat

om


Fig

.A.1

7.Sp

ectr

umof

chlo

rine

atom


Fig. A.18. Spectrum of potassium atom


Fig. A.19. Spectrum of copper atom


Fig

.A.2

0.Sp

ectr

umof

zinc

atom


Fig. A.21. Spectrum of rubidium atom


Fig

.A.2

2.Sp

ectr

umof

stro

ntiu

mat

om


Fig. A.23. Spectrum of silver atom


Fig

.A.2

4.Sp

ectr

umof

cadm

ium

atom


Fig. A.25. Spectrum of caesium atom


Fig

.A.2

6.Sp

ectr

umof

bari

umat

om


Fig

.A.2

7.Sp

ectr

umof

gold

atom


Fig

.A.2

8.Sp

ectr

umof

mer

cury

atom

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Index

absorption coefficient 40absorption cross section 40abundance of elements 3abundance of isotopes 4affinity to hydrogen atom 65affinity to oxygen atom 65aggregate state of elements 128air plasma, processes 97, 98angle wave function 13amplitude of scattering 73angular atom momentum 11, 17anharmonic constant of diatomic 47,

49–51associative ionization 91asymptotic atom parameters 22atomization enthalpy 128attachment of electron to molecule 95, 96autodetaching state 76, 97autoionizing state 91

balance equation for number density 76binding energy of cluster atoms 124boiling point of metals 122, 123Boltzmann formula 41broadening of spectral lines 39

capture cross section 79CGS system of units 2Chapman–Enskog approximation 100closest approach distance 71conductivity of metals 130conversion factors for units 6correlation between atomic and molecular

states 53covalence chemical bond 46critical parameters 116, 117

cross section of resonant charge exchange40, 81

cross section of collision 71

Dalgarno formula 104Debye–Hückel radius 119Debye temperature 129, 133degenerate electron gas 131density of elements at room temperature

129density of liquid clusters 122density of metals 130differential cross section 71, 72diffusion coefficient 99diffusion coefficient for atomic ion in parent

gas 107–109diffusion coefficient of clusters 122diffusion cross section 72, 73diffusion of electrons in gases 111diffusion of metastable atoms in gases 113dissociation energy for diatomic 49dissociation energy for negative diatomic

ion 51dissociation energy for positive diatomic ion

50dissociative recombination 93, 94Doppler broadening of spectral lines 41

effective principle quantum number 15Einstein coefficient 37Einstein relation 104electromagnetic (CGSM) system of units

2electron affinity for atoms 31electron affinity of diatomic molecules 64electron drift in gases 111electron–ion recombination 93electron mobility in metals 133

172 Index

electron scattering length 47, 59, 73electron term of diatomic molecule 47, 49electron term of excited atom states 32electron term of ground atom state 30, 32electron term for negative diatomic ion 51electron term of negative atomic ion 31electron term for positive diatomic ion 50electron wave function for hydrogen atom

11electrostatic (CGSE) system of units 2enthalpy of bulk atomization 128entropy of atomic vapor state 128equation of gas state 114equilibrium distance for diatomic 48, 49evaporation enthalpy 128eveness of molecular state 53, 54exchange interaction 15, 45excimer molecules 46, 66excitation cross section 77excitation energy of atoms 32

Fermi energy of metal electrons 132Fermi formula 47fine structure splitting 14first Townsend coefficient 87free fall velocity of clusters 121frequency distribution function of photons

39fundamental physical constants 1

gaseous constant 115gas discharge plasma 87, 113gas-kinetic cross section 102Grotrian diagrams 16, 18, 39, 135–162

hard sphere model 72Hartree atomic units 9helium atom 16, 136helium-like ions 17Hund empiric rule 23Hund scheme of momentum coupling in

diatomic molecule 48hydrogen atom 11, 135hydrogen-like ions 11

ideality plasma parameter 117, 118impact parameter of collision 71ion drift velocity in parent gas 103, 108,

109

ion–ion chemical bond 46ionization equilibrium 118ionization potential of atomic ions 30ionization potential of atoms 30ionization potential of diatomic 49isotopes 2

jj -scheme of momentum coupling 24, 25

lanthanides 124Larmor frequency 10lattice constant 129lifetime of resonantly excited atom state

35, 42, 43lifetime of radioactive isotopes 5liquid drop model 120long-range interaction 43Lorenz broadening of spectral lines 41LS-scheme of momentum coupling 23

mean free path 103mean free path of electrons in metalsmelting points of elements 130metal thermal conductivity 130mobility of atomic ions in parent gases

106, 107mobility of charged clusters 121mobility of ions in gases 105mutual neutralization of ions 95

nanoparticles 120

one-electron approximation 15oscillator strength for atom transition 34,

37

parameters of charge exchange cross section82

parentage atom scheme 19parity of molecule state 53, 54Pashen notations 28Pauli exclusion principle 15Penning process 91plasma frequency 119polarizability of atom 36, 45polarizability of molecule 36, 63polarization capture 79polarization interaction 45potential curves of molecules 55–63principle quantum number 11

Index 173

principle of detailed balance 78

quadrupole moment 44quantum defect 15quasi-statistic broadening of spectral lines

42quenching rate constant 77

Racah coefficient 21radial wave function 11, 13radiative transitions in hydrogen atom 38radiative transitions for heliumlike ions 39Ramsauer effect 74rate constant 76reduced binding energy for bulk atoms

124, 125reduced rate constant of cluster growth

120–122resonant charge exchange 79resonantly excited state 29, 34, 43rotational constant 48rotation energy for diatomic 47, 49rotation constant for negative diatomic ion

51rotation constant for positive diatomic ion

50Rutherford formula 85Rydberg states 15

Saha formula 118scaling law 127saturation vapor pressure 126scattering phase 72selection laws for radiation 39self-diffusion coefficient 101Sena effect 105shell atom structure 18shell of valence electrons for atom ground

state 31

shell of valence electrons for excited atomstates 32

shell of valence electrons for negative ion31

SI units 2, 6Sommerfeld radius 132, 133specific surface energy of clusters 124,

125spin–orbit interaction 13, 25splitting of atom levels 35standard atomic weights 2stepwise atom ionization 93stimulated emission cross section 40system of atomic units 7

thermal conductivity coefficient 99Thomson model for atom ionization by

electron impact 85three body recombination process 93three halves law 120total cross section 41, 72Townsend 6, 112transport cross section 72, 73types of crystal lattices 124, 129

van der Waals equation 115van der Waals interaction constant 45vibration energy for diatomic 47, 49vibration energy for negative diatomic ion

51vibration energy for positive diatomic ion

50viscosity coefficient 99

wavelength of radiative transition 33, 37Weiskopf radius 47Wigner–Seits radius 120work function for metals 130zero-field mobility of electrons in gases

111

Springer Series on

ATOMIC, OPTICAL, AND PLASMA PHYSICS

Editors-in-Chief:

Professor G.W.F. DrakeDepartment of Physics, University of Windsor401 Sunset, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada

Professor Dr. G. EckerRuhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Physik und AstronomieLehrstuhl Theoretische Physik IUniversitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany

Professor Dr. H. Kleinpoppen, EmeritusStirling University, Stirling, UK, andFritz-Haber-InstitutMax-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany

Editorial Board:

Professor W.E. BaylisDepartment of Physics, University of Windsor401 Sunset, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada

Professor Uwe BeckerFritz-Haber-InstitutMax-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–6, 14195 Berlin, Germany

Professor Philip G. BurkeBrook House, Norley LaneCrowton, Northwich CW8 2RR, UK

Professor R.N. ComptonOak Ridge National LaboratoryBuilding 4500S MS6125Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

Professor M.R. FlannerySchool of PhysicsGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA 30332-0430, USA

Professor C.J. JoachainFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre BruxellesBvd du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium

Professor B.R. JuddDepartment of PhysicsThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD 21218, USA

Professor K.P. KirbyHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

Professor P. Lambropoulos, Ph.D.Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik85748 Garching, Germany, andFoundation for Researchand Technology – Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.),Institute of Electronic Structureand Laser (IESL),University of Crete, PO Box 1527Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece

Professor G. LeuchsFriedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen-NürnbergLehrstuhl für Optik, Physikalisches InstitutStaudtstrasse 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

Professor P. MeystreOptical Sciences CenterThe University of ArizonaTucson, AZ 85721, USA

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35 Many-Particle Quantum Dynamicsin Atomic and Molecular FragmentationEditors: J. Ullrich and V.P. Shevelko

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