DIAGNOSTICS EXAM

ANSWERS

9th GRADE

Sofia Paz

1 . FILL IN THE BLANKS

CELLS come together to form tissues.

FILL IN THE BLANKS

ORGANS come together to form systems.

FILL IN THE BLANKS The NERVOUS system sends and

receives body messages.

FILL IN THE BLANKS

LIGAMENTS hold bone to bone at joints.

FILL IN THE BLANKS

ENDONS hold muscles to bones.

2. WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OR CONCEPTS. Cell An biological unit of all organisms An autonomous self-

replicating unit that may exist as functional independent unit of life (as in the case of unicellular organism), or as sub-unit in a multicellular organism (such as in plants and animals) that is specialized into carrying out particular functions towards the cause of the organism as a whole.

2. WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OR CONCEPTS. Tissue An aggregate of cells in an organism that have

similar structure and function.

Tissues work in unison to carry out a specific set of functions form an organ.

The fundamental types of tissues in animals are epithelial, nerve,connective, muscle, and vascular tissues whereas

in plants, they are the meristematic (apical meristem and cambium), protective (epidermis andcork), fundamental (parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma) and vascular (xylem and phloem) tissues.

2. WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OR CONCEPTS.

Organ

A group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions, and belongs to an organ system.

2. WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OR CONCEPTS.

Trachea The windpipe.

A fibrocartilaginous tube lined with mucous membrane passing from the larynx to the bronchi.

2. WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OR CONCEPTS. Arteries blood vessel carrying blood away from

the heart, walls have smooth muscle and are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body.

An artery carries large volumes of oxygenated blood to the major organs of the body.

2. WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OR CONCEPTS. Veins

 Blood vessel that returns blood from the microvasculature to the heart, walls thinner and less elastic than those of artery.

2. WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OR CONCEPTS. Capillary Any one of the minute vessels that

connect the arterioles (thin arteries) and venules (thin vains), forming anetwork in nearly all parts of the body.

Their walls act as semipermeable membranes for the interchange of various substances, including fluids, between the blood and tissue fluid

2. WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OR CONCEPTS. Smooth muscle  muscle tissue in vertebrates made up

from long tapering cells that may be anything from 20-500m long.

smooth muscle is generally involuntary 

2. WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OR CONCEPTS. Organism

An individual living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain homeostasis. It can be a virus, bacterium, protist, fungus, plant or an animal.

3. ESSAY QUESTIONS (CHOOSE ONE AND EXPLAIN IT IN DETAIL) How do cells multiply?

ESSAY QUESTIONSName 4 types of primary tissues and explain briefly their main role. Epithelial tissue (skin,digestive tract,

reproductive tract…): Protection, absorption,elimination of waste product

Connective tissue(blood, bones…): support and bind other tissues as well as they give shape to organs and holds them in place.

Muscle tissue (muscles, including cardiac muscle…): locomotion or movements within internal organs.

Nervous tissue (brain,spinal cord, nerves…)

ESSAY QUESTIONS Which is the largest organ in our body and

which is its role. the skin is often known as "the largest organ of

the human body". This applies to exterior surface, as it covers the body, appearing to have the largest surface area of all the organs. Moreover, it applies to weight, as it weighs more than any single internal organ, accounting for about 15 percent of body weight. For the average adult human, the skin has a surface area of between 1.5-2.0 square meters, most of it is between 2-3 mm thick. The average square inch of skin holds 650 sweat glands, 20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes, and more than a thousand nerve endings