9a unit 6 grammar reported speech with tense changes
TRANSCRIPT
9A Unit 6 Grammar
Reported speech with tense changes
Kitty says, ' My favourite film star is Audrey Hepburn.'
Kitty says her favourite film star is Audrey Hepburn.
Direct speech
Reported speech
quotation mark
Collette said,' Hepburn is the perfect girl to play the lead role.'
Collette said that Hepburn
was the perfect girl to play
the lead role.
Direct speech
Reported speech
quotation mark
Direct Speech and Reported Speech
引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫 ___________;直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _________ 。间接引语直接引语通常都用 ____________ 括起来 .
引号“ ” 间 接 引 语 在 多 数 情 况 下 都 构 成 一 个
________ 。宾语从句
Kitty says, ' I have watched all her films.'
Kitty says (that) she has watched all her films.
直接引语改为间接引语时，引语中的部分人称或物主代词等需改变
引述动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词时态不变。
Millie says,' Cartoons are my favourite.'
Amy says,'You can have a look at my DVDs.'
Simon says,' I like Gong Li because of her beauty and wisdom.'
Millie says that cartoons are her favourite.
Amy says that I can have a look at her DVDs.
Simon says that he likes Gong Li because of her beauty and wisdom.
第三人称不变
Reported speech with tense changes
Daniel said,' I want to read a detective story.'
Daniel said that he wanted to read a detective story.
主句中的引述动词为过去式时，引语中的时态要变化
侦探故事
Murder in Valley Town
Last night, the body of a young man was found in the doorway of a clothes shop. The murderer hasn't been found yet.Detective Lu is trying to find some evidence 证据 .
‘I’m scared,’ said the witness.
The witness said (that) she was scared.
‘Someone is running away,’ said Mrs Ma.
Mrs Ma said (that) someone was running away.
Reported speechDirect speech
Simple present一般现在
Simple past
一般过去
Present continuous
现进Past continuous
过进
‘I’ve finished my report,’ said Detective Lu.
Detective Lu said (that) he had finished his report.
‘I heard about the case,’ said Mr Wu.
Mr Wu said (that) he had heard about the case.
Reported speechDirect speech
Present perfect
现完
Past perfect
过完
Simple past
一过
Past perfect
过完
‘We’ll look for more clues,’ said Detective Lu.
Detective Lu said (that) they would look for more clues.
Reported speechDirect speech
Simple future
一般将来
…would…
过去将来
simple present-------------simple past一般现在 一般过去present continuous--past continuous现在进行 过去进行present perfect--------past perfect现在完成 过去完成simple past------------- past perfect一般过去 过去完成simple future-------------...would...一般将来 过去将来
Tense changes主句引述动词为过去式时，间接引语的时态变化
She said she had been to many countries.
She said she would call on you the next day.
The story is called Murder in Valley Town.
He said that the story was called Murder in Valley Town.
She said she had been to many countries.
She said she would call on you the next day.
The murder took place at about 9 p.m..
He said that the murder had taken place at about 9p.m..
She said she had been to many countries.
She said she would call on you the next day.
The police have found something strange.
He said that the police had found something strange.
She said she had been to many countries.
She said she would call on you the next day.
Detective Lu will find out the murderer.
He said that Detective Lu would find out the murderer.
1. ‘I have a tough case,’ said the detective.
The detective said that _______________________.
2. ‘We’re looking for more evidence,’ said the detective.
The detective said that _______________________
_________________.
3. ‘The two men in black often ate in our restaurant,’ the waitress said.The waitress said the two men in black had
often eaten in their restaurant.
he had a tough case
they were looking for
more evidence
Just try!
4. ‘We’ll try our best to arrest the murderer,’ said the policemen.
5. ‘I am happy the police found some evidence,’ a man said.
The policemen said that they would try their best to arrest the murderer.
A man said that he was happy the police had found some evidence.
Just try!
He said, ‘It is 9 o’clock now.’He said it was 9 o’clock then.
now then
He said , ‘I haven’t seen her today.’He said he hadn’t seen her that day.
today that day
She said , ‘I went there yesterday.’She said she had gone there the day before.
yesterday the day before
She said , ‘I will go there tomorrow.’She said she would go there the following / next day.
tomorrow the next / following day
Adverbial changes:
Direct speech Reported speech
now
today
tonight
this morning / week
tomorrow
yesterday
last month
ago
here
next week/month
thenthat daythat nightthat morning / week…the following day/the next daythe day beforethe month beforebeforetherethe next week/month
Adverbial changes:
1. He said, ‘I am busy now.’
2. She said, ‘I saw a film yesterday.’
He said that he was busy then.
She said that she had seen a film the day before.
Let’s try!
3. He said, ‘I’ll come back next week.’
4. Tom said, ‘We will try to find the clue tonight.’
Tom said that they would try to find the clue that night.
Let’s try!
He said that he would come back the next week.
Tenses
Pronouns
Adverbials
Simple present →Simple pastPresent continuous →Past continuous
Present perfect →Past perfectSimple past →Past perfectSimple future →…would…
Notes:
SUMMARY
直接引语是陈述句 , 变为间接引语时用连词 that 引导宾语从句 , that
可以省略 . 从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语 等相应变化 .
1. was
3. had seen, the day before
4. (that) his cousin had noticed a man running down Upper Street the night before.
5. (that) she did not dare to go out alone at night then and that there was a risk of getting killed.
Keys to A1:
2. had seen
6. (that) she would move to Moon Town for safety.
7. (that) the police would catch the murderer soon.
8. was running out.
9. would put up; the next day / the following day
Keys to A1:
‘Wh-’ questions
1. ‘Where are the man's parents?’ asked Millie.
• 2. ‘How are his parents now ?’ she asked.
1.Change the word order: …wh-+S+ V…间接引语要改成陈述句语序 : 疑问词 ( 作引导词 )+ 主 + 谓
Millie asked where the man's parents were.
She asked how his parents were then.
2. Change the quotation mark to a full stop变标点符号
His parents asked how many suspects they had found.
How many suspects have you found ?
His parents asked when they would catch the murderer.
When will you catch the murderer?
Choose the best answers.
1)The man asked me ___________A how far was it B how could he get there C how could he get to thereD how he could get there
2) They asked when____________.A the film would startB will the film startC would the film start
A D
A
‘Yes’/’No’ questions
‘Does Detective Lu have time to talk with us?’ they asked.
They asked if / whether Detective Lu had time to talk with them.
if / whether +S+ V…
1.Add “if/whether”
2.Change the word order 变语序
3.Change the question mark to a full stop
1. She asked,'Is there anything strange ?'
She asked_______ ____ ____anything strange.
2. The policeman asked,'Did you see any strangers?'
The policeman asked______ ____ ___ ___any strangers.
if/whether there was
if/whether they had seen
The reporter asked _____ ______ _____Detective Lu.
Are you Detective Lu? whether he was
The reporter asked ____ ____ ____ ____him a few questions.
Can I ask you a few questions?
whether he could ask
直接引语是特殊疑问句和一般疑问句时
TensesPronounsAdverbials
The word orderA full stop
Add if / whether
Notes:
SUMMARY
直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。
直接引语是特殊疑问句 , 变为间接引语时 , 仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。
直接引语是一般疑问句 , 变为间接引语时 , 用连词 if 或 whether 连接。
1. The interviewer asked Detective Lu how many crimes he had solved.
2. The interviewer asked him why he had become a detective.
3. The interviewer asked him when the Valley Town murder had taken place.
Keys to A2:
4. The interviewer asked if / whether there had been more than one attacker.
5. The interviewer asked if / whether he had solved the Valley Town murder.
We do not use _______________ (full stops, quotation marks) with reported speech.
quotation marks
Keys to A2:
Homework
• 1.Review Reported speech with tense changes.
• 2.Complete the exercises in Learn English with you.
Statements
‘Wh-’ questions
‘Yes’/ ‘No’ questions
‘I was not there at that time yesterday’, the suspect said.The suspect said (that) he had not been there at that time the day before.
‘Why did he become a detective?’ he asked.He asked why he had become a detective.
‘Has he solved the case?’ she asked.She asked whether / if he had solved the case.
直接引语 间接引语指示代词
时
间
状
语
地点状语 方向性动词
this, that, these those
now,
then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before
four days ago four days before
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next/following day
next month the next/following month
here there
come, go,bring take
情态动词 can, may, must could, might, had to
TensesPronouns
Adverbials
The word order
A full stopAdd if / whether
Notes:
She asked when the victim was found.
She asked if / whether the police could find the murderer.
‘Yes’/ ‘No’ questions: …if / whether+S+ V…
‘Wh-’ questions & ‘Yes’/’No’ questions:
‘Wh-’questions: …wh-+S+ V…
解题步骤 : 1.陈述句“I don’t like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.
Sandy said to her friends that I don’t like
computers.
said didn’tshe
Sandy said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.
2.一般疑问句 :
Is it easy to work out the problem?
( They asked him )
They asked him if
It is easy to work out the problem.
it is easy to work out the problem.
asked is was
They asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.
3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?
( They asked him )
They asked him when
you harvest the wheat
you harvest the wheat.hehe
harvested
They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
4.祈使句
Little boy, put on your coat.
(They ordered )
They ordered Little boy
Little boy, put on your coat.
put on your coat.
to putto put
They ordered the little boy to put on his coat.
hishis
注意事项1) 人称2) 时态 3) 相应的时间地点状语4) 标点符号5） 大小写6） 问号改为句号7） 语序 ---疑问改陈述8） 宾语从句由什么引出9) 祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述
‘The sun rises in the east,’said Mr Wu
Part4 Reported speech without tense change
If we are reporting a fact or if the information is still true,we do not need to change the tense.
Mr Wu said the sun rises in the east.
Detective Lu said,“we will work hard to find the murderer.’’
Detective Lu said they will work hard to find the murderer.
Our teacher said, “The sun is much bigger than the earth. .”
Our teacher said the sun is much bigger than the earth.
Our teacher said there are 12 months in a year.
Our teacher said,“There are 12 months in a year. ”
Our teacher said, “Light travels faster than sound.”
Our teacher said light travels faster than sound.
Our teacher said the moon goes around the earth. ”
Our teacher said,“The moon goes around the earth. ”
间接引语中时态不改变的情况
表示一般真理时• “ The moon moves around
the earth.” Mike said.
Mike said the moon moves round the earth.
• Our geography teacher told us: “ The Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.”
• Our geography teacher told us that the Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.”
表示到现在为止不变的事实
part5 、直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语不用连词，而是将直接引语改为动词不定式用作句子的宾语补足语。如：She said to us ，“ Please sit down. ”→She asked us to sit down. He said ，“ Don’t make so much noise ， boys. ”→He told the boys not to make so much noise. “Please explain why you’re two and a half hours late,” the boss said. →The boss asked him to explain why he was two and a half hours late. “Don’t give up!” Father shouted at him. →Father told him in a loud voice not to give up. “Get everything ready in half an hour,” the teacher said to the students. →The teacher ordered the students to get everything ready in half an hour. 〖注〗主句的谓语动词有时要根据直接引语的情态和语气作相应的变化，如say 说； tell sb. 告诉某人； ask 问 / 请求； suggest 建议； order 命令等等。 ) This part is optional. You can choose to use.
人称代词的变化1. 直接引语中的主语若为第一人称或者是第一人称的物主代词改为间接引语时与主句的人称一致
e.g.Millie said,“My brother wants to go with me.”
Millie said that her brother wanted to go with her.
2. 直接引语中的主语若为第二人称或者是第二人称的物主代词改为间接引语时与主句中的宾语一致；若无宾语，则改为第一人称
e.g.The teacher says to us,“You should work hard.
The teacher says to us that we should work hard.
3. 直接引语中的主语若为第三人称或者是第三人称的物主代词改为间接引语时不发生变化
e.g.The teacher said,“She is hard-working.
The teacher said that sha was hard-working.
当引用的句子是陈述句时
• Shirley says:“ I don’t want to do homework everyday.”
Shirley says that she doesn’t want to do homework everyday.
• Edward says: “ I was so careless that I didn’t do my homework well yesterday.”
Edward says that he was so careless that he didn’t do his homework well.
Change the sentences into reported speech.
• 1). ‘I like apples,’ said he.
• 2). She said, ‘I’m doing my homework. ’
He said that he _____apples
She said that she _________her homework.
liked
was doing
3)‘I’ve received the letter,’ said Tom.
4). ‘I didn’t see the cat,’ said he.
5). ‘I’ll be late for school,’ said Kate.
Tom said that he ____________the letter.
He said that he ___________the cat.
Kate said that she________ be late for school.
had received
hadn’t seen
would
• She said to me,“I like English very much.”
She said that she liked English very much.
• “I will finish doing my homework soon” promised Tom.
Tom promised that he would finish doing his homework soon.
• Miss Hu said: “ Susie has done a good job.”
• Miss Hu said that Susie had done a good job.
• Father told me: “Your mother is cooking.”
• Father told me that my mother was cooking.
引用的句子是祈使句时• The teacher ordered the
students: “ Keep silent!”
The teacher ordered the students to keep silent.
• The teacher said to the students:”Don’t be late again.”
The teacher told the students not to be late again.
• order
• ask
• advise sb (not) to sth
• tell
• request
• warn
