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• Definition of the Vulgate• St. Jerome and the Vulgate• The role of the Vulgate• The importance of the Vulgate

• Latin version of the Bible• Created mainly by St. Jerome at the

end of the 4th century A.D. • Used as the official version of the

Roman Catholic Church.

• A lead biblical and triligual scholar• Commissioned by Pope Damasus I in

383 to make a revision of the Old Latin translations.

• The need for a standard and uniform • To spread Christianity OT→Hebrew to Greek(Septuagint) NT→written in Greek

• In 383-84, Jerome first revised the Old Latin Gospels, using the Septuagint and Origen's Hexapla• In 390–405, Jerome made a new version of

the Old Testament from the original Hebrew.• Replace the Old Latin version

• Jerome’s translation of the Old Testament came from the Hebrew, and the New Testament from Greek Texts.• The Vulgate is usually credited as

being the first translation of the Old Testament into Latin directly from the Hebrew Tanakh.

The Role of Vulgate

divided by Time

Vernacular translations of Bibles from Jews

↓

Roman Empire Some Jews • translated Hebrew Bible into Latin

vernacular translations : the Aramaic Targum and Greek Septuagint ↓Vetus Latina (old version) ↓400 ca - 1550 ca Middle Age: Latin Vulgate Dominance of the western Christianity ↓ The beginnings of the English Bible

Vetus Latina (Old Version) ↓

• the Vulgate

1) Single stylistically consistent Latin text 2) the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church ↓ the Vetus Latina gradually fell out of use

Influence of the Vulgate since its born

the Vulgate ↓

the source text

used for translations of vernacular languages

Influence for later time

Many Latin words were taken from the Vulgate into English nearly unchanged in meaning or spelling

e.g. "publican" comes from the Latin publicanus (e.g., Mt 10:3)

1) Prayer2) liturgy( 禮拜儀式 ) 3) private study 4) inspiration for ecclesiastical art and architecture5) hymns6) countless paintings7) popular mystery plays.

the definitive edition of the most influential text in Western European society.