DIFFERENTIAL

CAGE

Differential Overview

• When turning, the inner and outer wheels have arcs of different turning radii

• Consequently, the inner wheels travel less distance than the outer wheels

Different Types of Differentials

1. Open Differential2. Limited Slip Differential (LSD)

– Clutch LSD– Viscous Coupling LSD– Locking LSD– Torsen LSD

Note :-Differential lock (mechanical lock)Non-slip differential

Open Differential Clutch LSD

Locking LSD Torsen LSD

Open Differentialor

conventional Differential

Open Differential or conventional Differential

Open Differential• The number of teeth on the ring gear and sun gear

are equal and the planetary gear formula is simplified

• The angular velocity of the differential is equal to the average angular velocity of the axles

2,1 sr

cr

s

cs

cr

r

s

thereforeNNNN

Open Differential Problems

• As a result, if one wheel has little friction there is no resistance to its rotation and slipping occurs.

• The slipping wheel will spin twice as fast as the differential.

Left rear tire slipping on sandy surface

LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL

LSD

LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL

• A limited-slip differential (LSD) is a type of automotive differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in angular velocity of the output shafts.

• The main advantage of a limited-slip differential is demonstrated by considering the case of a standard (or "open") differential in off-roading or snow situations where one wheel begins to slip or lose contact with the ground

Several types of LSD are commonly used

1. Clutch LSD2. Viscous Coupling LSD3. Locking LSD 4. Torsen LSD

Fixed valueTorque sensitiveSpeed sensitiveElectronically controlled

BASED ON

Clutch LSD

Viscous Coupling LSD

Viscous couplings are used as the center differential in some four-wheel drive (4WD) vehicles.

Locking LSD OR Differential lock

The Torsen Differential

• The Torsen Differential is capable of perfect differentiation.

• The Torsen Differential transfers power to the wheels with traction.

Torque transferred to wheel with traction

How the Torsen Differential Works

• Power is transferred from the engine to the differential housing causing the housing to turn.

• Power flows from the housing to the worm wheels attached to the housing.

• The worm wheels are meshed with the worm gears attached to the axles which turns the axle with the differential housing.

Application of Torsen Differentials

• Torsen differentials are used in off-road and high performance all-wheel drive vehicles.

• Torsens can also be handy on icy or dirt roads.

Automobile Companies Using the Torsen Differential

– AM General – Audi– BMW– Ford– GM– More specific details at

http://www.torsen.com/oem.htm

– Honda– Lexus– Land Rover– Mazda– Toyota– Volkswagen

Companies Using Torsen Differential

• General Motors – Camaro SS 1998

• AM General– Hummer

• Audi– A4 Quattro

• BMW– Z3