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Fit and HealthyFit and Healthy

W Richards

Worthing High School

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Body systemsBody systems

The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: takes in _____

The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: takes in ________

The ___________ SYSTEM: transports oxygen and glucose around the body

The SKELETAL and MUSCULAR systems: use the _____ from glucose to allow ________

Words – energy, movement, oxygen, glucose, circulatory

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Balanced dietBalanced dietA balanced diet should contain fats, proteins and carbohydrates in roughly these amounts:

It should also contain water, vitamins, minerals and fibre.

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Poor dietsPoor dietsIf we don’t have a balanced diet we may suffer form a “deficiency symptom”:

Vitamin D

Protein

Vitamin C

Vitamin A

Iron

Calcium

Anaemia

Scurvy (bleeding gums and joints)

Weak bones and teeth

Wasting of body tissue

Rickets

Poor night vision

Lack of… Causes…

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Muscles and the skeletonMuscles and the skeleton

Muscles are said to work in “antagonistic pairs”. This is because they oppose each other’s movement:

The skeleton does 3 jobs:

1) It gives the body SHAPE

2) It allows the body to MOVE

3) It PROTECTS the major organs

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JointsJoints

An “immovable” joint

A “slightly” movable joint”

“Hinge” joints

A “ball and socket” joint

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A typical joint – the kneeA typical joint – the knee

Synovial fluid – an oily substance that reduces friction

Cartilage – stops the bones from rubbing against each other

Ligaments – hold the joint together

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The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

Ribs – to protect the

chest

Bronchioles

Bronchi Trachea – has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing

Rib muscles – to raise and lower the ribs

Lung

Diaphragm – muscular sheet

Alveoli (“air sacs”) – gas

exchange takes place here

08/04/23Gas exchangeGas exchange

Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because…

1) They have a LARGE surface area

2) They have a good blood supply

3) They are moist

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SmokingSmokingCigarettes contain 3 harmful things:

1. NICOTINE, which is an ___________ drug that raises the heart beat, narrows the arteries and so causes ____ _____ _____. This leads to heart _________.

2. TAR, which coats the lining of the _______ making them less able to take in oxygen. It also contains carcinogens which cause ______________.

3. CARBON MONOXIDE, which is a _______ ____ which joins up with ____ blood cells making them incapable of transporting _____________ around the body.

Words – high blood pressure, oxygen, red, addictive, disease, poisonous gas, lungs, cancer

08/04/23Damaging the alveoli Damaging the alveoli (emphysema)(emphysema)

Before smoking After smoking – less surface area

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The effect of drugsThe effect of drugs

Alcohol Solvents

Liver damag

e

Brain damag

e

AddictionBad

judgement

Hallucinations

Personality change

Organ damage