8TH GRADE II PARTIAL

*NUTRIENTS

*ALL THE

NUTRIENTS WE

NEED

Nutrients are found in the food we eat every day.Nutrients are used in:

*Formation and maintenance of tissues

*Well functioning of our internal organs

*Obtaining necessary daily energy

*All the activities our organism does.

NUTRIENTS

PROTEINS CARBOHIDRATES FATS VITAMINS MINERALS WATER

*PROTEINS

SUBSTANCES THAT ARE PART OF ANIMAL TISSUE SUCH AS BLOOD,SKIN,MUSCLES ETC SO AS VEGETABLE TISSUES;SEEDS,ROOTS,LEAVES .THE WORD PROTEIN COMES FROM THE GREEK WORD MEANING PROTEIOS THAT MEANS FIRST PLACE.PROTEINS ARE COMPLEX SUBSTANCES THAT HAVE:

* CARBON

* HIDROGEN

*OXYGEN

*NITROGEN

They are formed by small elements called aminoacids that get together forming chains and depending on which ones tie that is the type of protein they make.There are 23 types of aminoacids from which 8 are essential since our body cant make them and must be taken in through food.They have many functons in metabolism and are building blocks in proteins. Since they are important in nutrition they are commonly used in nutritious supplements.

*Proteins,dairy,fruits,vegetables,and carbohidrates

*PROTEIN FUNCTIONS

When we eat,proteins go through simplification and division and are separated in different aminoacids.These aminoacids go through tissues and are combined to form different types of proteins that have different functions.

*They are part of tissues such as: muscles,nerves,bones,blood,etc.

*They are part of secretions:

*Saliva,thyroid,pancreas.

*When our body doesn’t receive enough proteins then the secretions diminish.

*Protect and help stop infections and illnesses.

*They are an energy source.

FROM WHERE DO WE GET PROTEINS?

Most of our food has proteins but in a variable proportion.Sugar and fats do not have them while vegetables have these in poor quantity.Animal food has them in big quantities so as legumes in dry seeds .These are the best source of proteins.

Combining foods with proteins with those that do not have them is a good choice since there is a balance. Rice and beans,rice and milk ,beef soup ,mondongo soup,and spaguetti with cheese are good examples of those.

FROM ANIMALSBEEF

PORK

POULTRY

FISH

SEA FOOD

DAIRY: MILK,CHEESE,YOGURT

FROM PLANTS*BEANS

*PEAS

*PEANUTS,NUTS

*ALMONDS

*CASHEWS

*CEREALS

FOODS RICH

PROTEINS

*CARBOHYDRATES

*CARBOHYDRATES

SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES

SUGARS

JELLIES,JAMS

SODAS

HONEYS

SWEETS

COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES

BREADS

PASTAS

CEREALS

BEANS

YUCA,CAMOTE,PLANTAIN,

MALANGA,POTATO,LLAME

*Carbohydrates are energy source for humans.We find them in grains,cereals and some tubers.They are the basic fuel for human body and they are needed for many body functions. Our brain uses a carbohydrate called glucose to function adequately.

*Carbohydrates have carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.

*They form chains of two or more simple carbohydrate that make a complex carbohydrate.

*They give energy for :

*1. Physical activity

*2.Body functioning

*3.Give body temperature

*4.Child’s growth

*5. They save proteins stopping them to be an energy source and let them work on formation and repairment of tissues.

*FIBER

*Fiber is a complex carbohydrate .It can’t be digested by our organism but it is part of the digestive process.It helps the intestine movement ,excrete,helps avoid constipation, so as hemorroids and colon cancer. It is known as the broom of the digestive system.

FOODS THAT HAVE FIBER

*Fruits eaten with their skin;apples,grapes,pears,guayaba,plums.

*Raw vegetables : celery,cabagge,squash,carrot

*Legumes: peas and beans

*FATS

*Fats are made up of elements called grease acids.As carbohydrates they have carbon,hydrogen and oxygen. Fats are important for our organism’s function but must be taken in small amounts because eating too much of them and a sedentary life can cause many diseases.

*Fats can be saturated and nonsaturated.

*Saturated fats are solid and are found in food from animals.

*Nonsaturated fats are usually liquid and are found in vegetables like vegetable oil except for coconut and African palm oil who have lots of saturated fats.

FUNCTIONS OF FATS IN ORGANISM

*They give more energy than carbohydrates and proteins.

*Serve as vehicles for vitamins that are water soluble.

*Help regulate body temperature.

Examples of edible animal fats are lard,fish oil,and butter. These are obtained from animals meat or under their skin so as from milk.

Examples of edible plant fats are peanuts,sesame,coconut,soy and olive oil,cocoa butter and margarine.

All these can be classified into saturated and nonsaturated fats.

SATURATED FATSNONSATURATED

FATS*Oils

*Margarine

*FOODS WITH FATS

*Greasy meats

*Shortening

*Sour cream

*Greasy cheeses

*Kidneys

*Cold meats

*Mayonese

*Liver

*VITAMINS

VITAMINS :

These are nutrients that regulate processes in our organism. They do not provide us with energy and do not form any part of our body.They are needed in our organism but in small quantities.

They can be dissolved in water or in fats.

HIDROSOLUBLE: These vitamins are found dissolved in food’s water and are vitamins B and C. These vitamins move freely in our organism and our kidneys eliminate the excess through urine.Because of this they must be consumed daily to cover our organism needs.

LIPOSOLUBLE:These vitamins are found in food’s fats.These are A , D ,E ,K . These are absorbed by our organism in a slower process and stay in the cells with the fats.The excess is stored in the body to be used in future needs.

* 

*Vitamins are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs. They are vitamins A, C, D, E, K and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and folate). You can usually get all your vitamins from the foods you eat. Your body can also make vitamins D and K. People who eat a vegetarian diet may need to take a vitamin B12 supplement.

*Each vitamin has specific jobs. If you have low levels of certain vitamins, you may develop a deficiency disease. For example, if you don't get enough vitamin D, you could develop rickets. Some vitamins may help prevent medical problems. Vitamin A prevents night blindness.

*The best way to get enough vitamins is to eat a balanced diet with a variety of foods. In some cases, you may need to take a daily multivitamin for optimal health. However, high doses of some vitamins can make you sick.

 

VITAMIN B 1

improves mental ability

beneficial in treatment of heart disease

useful for growth

 

VITAMIN B 2

intervenes in the usage of energy and proteins.

protects against anemia

promotes normal growth and development

VITAMIN B3

NIACIN

maintains normal function of the skin, nerves and digestive system

intervenes in skin

intervenes in the metabolism of carbohydrates,fats and proteins.

VITAMIN B 5 • helps fight infection by building antibodies

• speeds wound healing

VITAMIN B 6 Plays an important role in the formation of aminoacids

VITAMIN B 12 Energizes the body

Used in the formation of red blood cells

 

VITAMIN A

assists in growth and repair of body cells

fights skin disorders

improves vision including night blindness

speeds wound healing

VITAMIN C necessary for proper functioning of the brain and nerves

blocks the conversion of nitrosamines into carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)

encourages iron absorption VITAMIN D Maintains levels of calcium and phosphorus

Uses calcium for strong bones and teeth VITAMIN E • boosts the immune system

• helps prevent cancer

• protects against cardiovascular disease

VITAMIN K beneficial in the treatment of cancer ,promotes proper blood clotting ,helps prevent internal bleeding and hemorrhages

VITAMIN NAME SOURCES

  

VIT A 

  

RETINOL

 SQUASH SPINACH

 ORANGE

VEGETABLES AND FRUITS

 VIT B 1

  

 THIAMINE

 OATS COLIFLOWER ,POTATOES,EGGS,

LIVER 

VIT B 2  

 RIBOFLAVIN

 BANANAS ,

POPCORN, GREEN BEANS ,

ASPARAGHUS 

  

VIT B 3 

NIACIN 

MEATS,FISH,EGGS,NUTS,

MUSHROOMS  

 VIT B 5

 PANTHOTENIC ACID

 MEAT, BROCOLI,

AVOCADOS  

VITAMIN NAME SOURCES

 VIT B 7

 BIOTIN

 RAW EGG YOLKS,LIVER

EGGS, AND SOME GREEN VEGETABLES

  

 VIT B 9

 

 FOLIC ACID

 

 LEAFY VEGETABLES,PASTA,

BREAD, CEREAL

 VIT C

 ASCORBIC ACID

 MANY FRUITS AND

VEGETABLES, LIVER  

 VIT D

 

 CHOLECALCIFEROL

 FISH, EGGS, LIVER,

MUSHROOMS.

 VIT E

 

 TOCOPHEROLS, TOCOTRIENOLS

 MANY FRUITS AND

VEGETABLES.

 VIT K

 

 PHYLLOQUINONE, MENAQUINONES

 

MINERALS

MINERALS

Just like vitamins, minerals help your body grow, develop, and stay healthy. The body uses minerals to perform many different functions — from building strong bones to transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are even used to make hormones or maintain a normal heartbeat. Macro and TraceThe two kinds of minerals are: macrominerals and trace minerals. Macro means "large" in Greek (and your body needs larger amounts of macrominerals than trace minerals). The macromineral group is made up of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur.   

 

A trace of something means that there is only a little of it. So even though your body needs trace minerals, it needs just a tiny bit of each one. Scientists aren't even sure how much of these minerals you need each day. Trace minerals includes iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

  CALCIUM 

DAIRY PRODUCTSCANNED SALMONS AND SARDINESGREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

HELPS BUILD STRONG BONES AND TEETH.

 IRON  

MEATBEANSGREEN VEGETABLES

HELPS IN THE FORMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN

POTASSIUM   

BANANAS BROCOLITOMATOESPOTATOES

KEEPS MUSCLES AND NERVOUS SYSTEM WORKING PROPERLY.

 ZINC  

BEEFPORKLAMBLEGUMES SEAFOOD

HELPS INMUNE SYSTEM FIGHT DISSEASES AND INFECTIONSHELPS HEAL CUTS

MAGNESIUM HELPS MUSCLES AND NERVES FUNCTION WELLKEEPS BONES STRONG

WHOLE GRAINS NUTS SEEDSGREEN LEAFY VEGETABLESAVOCADOS 

 PHOSPHORUS  

HEALTHY BONES AND TEETHHELPS BODY MAKE ENERGY

MOST FOODS CONTAIN PHOSPHORUS BUT THE BEST SOURCES ARE DAIRY,MEAT , AND FISH.

 COPPER  

HELPS IN THE FORMATION OF RED BLOOD CELLS.HELPS SUPPLY OXYGEN TO THE BODY.

KIWILEGUMESNUTSBEEF

  IODINE 

IT IS NECESSARY FOR THE WELL FUNCTIONING OF THE THYROID GLAND

SEAFOOD, VEGETABLES GROWN IN SOILS RICH IN IODINE, IODINE SALT

NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS

*NUTRITION IN HONDURAS

*Problems of vit. and min. deficiencies

EVALUATION

*CHRISTMAS CRAFT 20

*2 COOKING LABS 20

*POSTER 15

*Food safety and sanitation

*Bacteria – intoxication and infection