8051 programs with opcode

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI

REGULATION 2008

III YEAR/ V SEMESTER

EC 2308 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LABORATORY

LAB MANUAL

ISSUE: 01 REVISION:00

APPROVED BY PREPARED BY

Prof. B. REVATHI K.VIJAYA KANTH, Assistant Professor.

HOD/ECE R.SIVAGAMY, Assistant Professor.

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00 2

Preface

This laboratory manual is prepared by the Department of Electronics and communication

engineering for microprocessor and microcontroller lab (EC 2308). This lab manual can be used as

instructional book for students, staff and instructors to assist in performing and understanding the

experiments. This manual will be available in electronic form from Colleges official website, for

the betterment of students.

Acknowledgement

We would like to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to the support offered

by the Chairman Shri. A.Srinivasan. We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of

gratitude to our Principal Dr.B.Karthikeyan,M.E, Ph.D, for his valuable information and

guidance, which helped us in completing this task through various stages. We extend our hearty

thanks to our head of the department Prof.B.Revathi M.E, (Ph.D), for her constant

encouragement and constructive comments.

Finally the valuable comments from fellow faculty and assistance provided by the

department are highly acknowledged.


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INDEX

S.No TOPIC PAGE

NO

1 Syllabus 5

2 Lab Course Handout 6

3 Experiments

1. Programs for addition and subtraction of two numbers using 8086 9

2. Programs for multiplication and division of two numbers using 8086 13

3. Programs to sort the numbers in ascending and descending order using 8086 17

4. Programs to find largest and smallest numbers using 8086 21

5. Programs to copy the string form source to destination 25

6. Programs to find and replace the string in memory 28

7. Programs for interfacing analog to digital converter

31

8. Programs for interfacing digital to analog converter

34

9. Programs to interface the stepper motor 40

10. Program to interface the programmable keyboard and display controller 43

11. Program for interfacing programmable timer 47

12. Program for interfacing USART 51

13. Program for interfacing PPI 55

14. Program for 8 bit addition of two numbers using 8051

59

15. Program for 8 bit subtraction of two numbers using 8051

62

16. Program for 8 bit multiplication of two numbers using 8051

64

17. Program for 8 bit division of two numbers using 8051

66

18. Programs for bit manipulation using 8051

68

19. Programs for digital clock and stop watch (using 8086)

70

20. Programs to verify timer, interrupts & uart operations in 8031 72


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microcontroller

21. Communication between 8051 microcontroller

Kit & pc

75


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SYLLABUS

EC2308 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB

1. Programs for 16 bit Arithmetic operations (Using 8086). 2. Programs for Sorting and Searching (Using 8086). 3. Programs for String manipulation operations (Using 8086). 4. Programs for Digital clock and Stop watch (Using 8086). 5. Interfacing ADC and DAC. 6. Parallel Communication between two MP Kits using Mode 1 and Mode 2 of

8255.

7. Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and 8253. 8. Serial Communication between two MP Kits using 8251. 9. Interfacing and Programming of Stepper Motor and DC Motor Speed

control.

10. Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation instructions of 8051 microcontroller.

11. Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts and UART operations in 8051 microcontroller.

12. Communication between 8051 Microcontroller kit and P C.

LIST OF EQUIPMENTS

(For a batch of 30 students)

Sl. No. Description of Equipments Quantity

1. 8086 Trainer 15 2. 8051 Trainer 15 3. 8255 Interfacing Card 3 4. 8279 Interfacing Card 3 5. 8259 Interfacing card 3 6. 8251 Interfacing Card 3 7. ADC Interfacing card 3 8. DAC Interfacing Card 3 9. Stepper motor Interfacing card 3

10. DC motor Interfacing card 3


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LAB COURSE HANDOUT

Subject code : EC 2308

Subject Title : Microprocessor and Microcontroller lab

Staff name : K.Vijaya kanth & R.Sivagamy

Scope and Objective of the Subject:

To write the program in microprocessor and in microcontroller for various operations like arithmetic and interfacing.

Course Plan / Schedule:

S.No Topics to be covered Learning objectives Page

No*

No. of

hours

1 Programs for 16 bit Arithmetic operations

using 8086

To write the assembly language

program for addition, subtraction ,

multiplication and division using

8086

9 3 hrs

2 Programs for Sorting and Searching Using

8086

To write the assembly language

program to arrange the numbers in

ascending or in descending order

17 3hrs

3 Programs for String manipulation operations To write the assembly language

program to copy a string 25 3hrs

4 Interfacing ADC and DAC To write the assembly language

program to convert the analog value

into digital and vice versa

31 3hrs

5 Interfacing and Programming of Stepper

Motor and DC Motor Speed control

To write the interface program for

controlling the stepper motor 40 3hrs

6 Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and

8253


keyboard interface, display

controller

43 3hrs

7 Serial Communication between two MP Kits

using 8251


serial communication between two

microprocessor

51 3hrs


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8 Parallel Communication between two MP

Kits using Mode 1 and Mode 2 of 8255

To write the interfacing program for

the parallel communication between

two microprocessor

51 3hrs

9 Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and

Bit Manipulation instructions of 8051

microcontroller

To write the program for addition,

subtraction , multiplication and

division using 8051 microcontroller

66 3hrs

10 Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts

and UART operations in 8051 microcontroller

To write the program for interrupts,

timer using 8051 68 3hrs

11 Programs for Digital clock and Stop watch To write the assembly language

program for displaying the timer 70 3hrs

12 Communication between 8051

Microcontroller kit and P C

To write the program for

communication between

microcontroller and computer

75 3hrs

*-As in Lab Manual

Evaluation scheme Internal Assessment

Timings for chamber consultation: Students should contact the Course Instructor in her/his

chamber during lunch break.

EC

No.

Evaluation

Components

Duration Weightage

1 Observation Continuous 20%

2 Record Continuous 30%

3 Attendance Continuous 30%

4 Model lab 3hr 20%


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STUDENTS GUIDELINES

There are 3 hours allocated to a laboratory session in Microprocessor and microcontroller lab.

It is a necessary part of the course at which attendance is compulsory.

Here are some guidelines to help you perform the Programs and to submit the reports:

1. Read all instructions carefully and proceed according to that.

2. Ask the faculty if you are unsure of any concept.

3. Write the program, and give connections.

4. Get the output from the kit.

5. Write up full and suitable conclusions for each experiment.

6. After completing the experiment complete the observation and get signature from the

staff.

7. Before coming to next lab make sure that you complete the record and get sign from the

faculty.

STAFF SIGNATURE HOD


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8086 PROGRAMMING

ADDITION & SUBTRACTION

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing the addition and subtraction

operation of two byte numbers.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 trainer kit

ALGORITHM:

(i) 16-bit addition

Initialize the MSBs of sum to 0

Get the first number.

Add the second number to the first number.

If there is any carry, increment MSBs of sum by 1.

Store LSBs of sum.

Store MSBs of sum.

(ii) 16-bit subtraction

Initialize the MSBs of difference to 0

Get the first number

Subtract the second number from the first number.

If there is any borrow, increment MSBs of difference by 1.

Store LSBs of difference

Store MSBs of difference.


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FLOW CHART

ADDITION SUBTRACTION

START

SET UP COUNTER (CY)

GET SECOND OPERAND TO A

A = A + B

STORE THE SUM

IS THERE ANY

CARRY

GET FIRST OPERAND

COUNTER =

COUNTER + 1

STORE THE CARRY

STOP

YES

NO

START

GET FIRST OPERAND

TO A

SUBTRACT

SECOND OPERAND

FROM MEMORY

STORE THE

DIFFERENCE

STOP

SET UP COUNTER (CARRY)

IS THERE ANY

CY

COUNTER =

COUNTER + 1

STORE THE CARRY

NO

YES


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ADDITION

SUBTRACTION

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV CX, 0000H Initialize counter CX

MOV AX,[1200] Get the first data in AX reg

MOV BX, [1202] Get the second data in BX reg

ADD AX,BX Add the contents of both the regs AX & BX

JNC L1 Check for carry

INC CX If carry exists, increment the CX

L1 : MOV [1206],CX Store the carry

MOV [1204], AX Store the sum

HLT Stop the program

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV CX, 0000H Initialize counter CX

MOV AX,[1200] Get the first data in AX reg

MOV BX, [1202] Get the second data in BX reg

SUB AX,BX Subtract the contents of BX from AX

JNC L1 Check for borrow

INC CX If borrow exists, increment the CX

L1 : MOV [1206],CX Store the borrow

MOV [1204], AX Store the difference



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RESULT:

Thus the program for 16-bit addition and subtraction was verified

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is Microprocessor ?

It is a program controlled semiconductor device (IC}, which fetches, decode and executes

instructions.

2. What is assembly language?

The language in which the mnemonics (short -hand form of instructions) are used to write a

program is called assembly language. The manufacturers of microprocessor give the mnemonics

3. Define bit, byte and word.

A digit of the binary number or code is called bit. Also, the bit is the fundamental storage unit of

computer memory. The 8-bit (8-digit) binary number or code is called byte and 16-bit

binary number or code is called word. (Some microprocessor manufactures refer the basic data

size operated by the processor as word)


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8086 PROGRAMMING

MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing the multiplication and division

operation of 16-bit numbers.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 TRAINER KIT

ALGORITHM:

(i) MULTIPLICATION OF 16-BIT NUMBERS:

Get the multiplier.

Get the multiplicand

Initialize the product to 0.

Product = product + multiplicand

Decrement the multiplier by 1

If multiplicand is not equal to 0,repeat from step (d) otherwise store the product.

(ii) DIVISION OF 16-BIT NUMBERS.

Get the dividend

Get the divisor

Initialize the quotient to 0.

Dividend = dividend divisor

If the divisor is greater, store the quotient. Go to step g.

If dividend is greater, quotient = quotient + 1. Repeat from step (d)

Store the dividend value as remainder.


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FLOW CHART

MULTIPLICATION DIVISION

NO

YES

Start

Get Multiplier & Multiplicand

REGISTER=0

0

REGISTER = REGISTER

+ MULTIPLICAND

Multiplier=MUL

TIPLIER 1

MULTIPLIER

IS

=0?

NO

YES

STOP

STORE THE RESULT

Start

Load Divisor &

Dividend

QUOTIENT = 0

DIVIDEND =

DIVIDEND-DIVISOR

QUOTIENT = QUOTIENT+1

STORE QUOTIENT

STORE REMAINDER

= DIVIDEND NOW

IS

DIVIDEND

< DIVISOR

DIVISOR

STOP


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MULTIPLICATION

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AX,[1200] Get the first data

MOV BX, [1202] Get the second data

MUL BX Multiply both

MOV [1206],AX Store the lower order product

MOV AX,DX Copy the higher order product to AX

MOV [1208],AX Store the higher order product


DIVISION

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AX,[1200] Get the first data

MOV DX, [1202] Get the second data

MOV BX, [1204] Divide the dividend by divisor

DIV BX Store the lower order product

MOV [1206],AX Copy the higher order product to AX

MOV AX,DX Store the higher order product

MOV [1208],AX Stop the program

HLT Get the first data

RESULT:

Thus the program for 16-bit multiplication and division was verified


III YEAR


VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the function of microprocessor in a system?

The microprocessor is the master in the system, which controls all the activity of the system. It

issues address and control signals and fetches the instruction and data from memory. Then it

executes the instruction to take appropriate action.

.

2. Define mnemonics.

The short-hand form of describing the instructions are called mnemonics. The mnemonics are

given by the manufacturers of microprocessors and programmable devices.

3. What is the need for timing diagram?

The timing diagram provides information regarding the status of various signals, when a machine

cycle is executed. The knowledge of timing diagram is essential for system designer to select

matched peripheral devices like memories, latches, ports, etc., to form a

microprocessor system


III YEAR


8086 PROGRAMMING

ASCENDING & DESCENDING

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to sort a given array in

ascending and descending order.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 TRAINER KIT

ALGORITHM:

(i) SORTING IN ASCENDING ORDER:

Load the array count in two registers C1 and C2.

Get the first two numbers.

Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in ascending

order.

Decrement C2.

Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0.

Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.

(ii) SORTING IN DESCENDING ORDER:

Load the array count in two registers C1 and C2.


Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in descending

order.

Decrement C2.


Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.


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ASCENDING

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV SI,1200H Initialize memory location for array size

MOV CL,[SI] Number of comparisons in CL

L4 : MOV SI,1200H Initialize memory location for array size

MOV DL,[SI] Get the count in DL

INC SI Go to next memory location

MOV AL,[SI] Get the first data in AL

L3 : INC SI Go to next memory location

MOV BL,[SI] Get the second data in BL

CMP AL,BL Compare two datas

JNB L1 If AL < BL go to L1

DEC SI Else, Decrement the memory location

MOV [SI],AL Store the smallest data

MOV AL,BL Get the next data AL

JMP L2 Jump to L2

L1 : DEC SI Decrement the memory location

MOV [SI],BL Store the greatest data in memory location


DEC DL Decrement the count

JNZ L3 Jump to L3, if the count is not reached zero

MOV [SI],AL Store data in memory location

DEC CL Decrement the count


HLT Stop

DESCENDING

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV SI,1200H Initialize memory location for array size

MOV CL,[SI] Number of comparisons in CL

L4 : MOV SI,1200H Initialize memory location for array size

MOV DL,[SI] Get the count in DL


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MOV AL,[SI] Get the first data in AL


MOV BL,[SI] Get the second data in BL

CMP AL,BL Compare two datas

JB L1 If AL > BL go to L1

DEC SI Else, Decrement the memory location

MOV [SI],AL Store the largest data

MOV AL,BL Get the next data AL

JMP L2 Jump to L2

L1 : DEC SI Decrement the memory location

MOV [SI],BL Store the smallest data in memory location


DEC DL Decrement the count


MOV [SI],AL Store data in memory location

DEC CL Decrement the count


HLT Stop

RESULT:

Thus the program for sorting the data inascending and descending order was verified


III YEAR


VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the modes in which 8086 can operate?

The 8086 can operate in two modes and they are minimum ( or uniprocessor) mode and maximum

( or multiprocessor) mode.

2. How clock signal is generated in 8086? What is the maximum internal

clock frequency of 8086?

The 8086 does not have on-chip clock generation circuit. Hence the clock generator chip, 8284 is

connected to the CLK pin of8086. The clock signal supplied by 8284 is divided by three for

internal use. The maximum internal clock frequency of8086 is 5MHz.

3. What are the functional units available in 8086 architecture?

The bus interface unit and execution unit are the two functional units available in 8086

architecture.


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8086 PROGRAMMING

LARGEST& SMALLEST

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to find the largest and

smallest number in a given array.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 TRAINER KIT

ALGORITHM:

(i) FINDING LARGEST NUMBER:

Load the array count in a register C1.


Compare the numbers and exchange if the number is small.


(ii) FINDING SMALLEST NUMBER:

Load the array count in a register C1.


Compare the numbers and exchange if the number is large.



III YEAR


FLOW CHART

LARGEST SMALLEST

MAX = POINTER

IS MAX

POINTER ?

INITIALIZE COUNT

POINTER MAX = 0

PONITER =

POINTER + 1

COUNT = COUNT-1

STORE MAXIMUM

IS COUNT = 0

?

YES

NO

NO

STOP

START START

INITIALIZE COUNT

POINTER MIN = 0

PONITER =

POINTER + 1

IS MIN

POINTER ?

MIN = POINTER

COUNT = COUNT-1

IS COUNT = 0

?

STORE MINIIMUM

STOP

YES

NO

NO

YES


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LARGEST

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV SI,1200H Initialize array size

MOV CL,[SI] Initialize the count


MOV AL,[SI] Move the first data in AL

DEC CL Reduce the count

L2 : INC SI Move the SI pointer to next data

CMP AL,[SI] Compare two datas

JNB L1 If AL > [SI] then go to L1 ( no swap)

MOV AL,[SI] Else move the large number to AL

L1 : DEC CL Decrement the count

JNZ L2 If count is not zero go to L2

MOV DI,1300H Initialize DI with 1300H

MOV [DI],AL Else store the biggest number in 1300 location

HLT Stop

SMALLEST

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV SI,1200H Initialize array size

MOV CL,[SI] Initialize the count


MOV AL,[SI] Move the first data in AL

DEC CL Reduce the count

L2 : INC SI Move the SI pointer to next data

CMP AL,[SI] Compare two datas

JB L1 If AL < [SI] then go to L1 ( no swap)

MOV AL,[SI] Else move the large number to AL

L1 : DEC CL Decrement the count


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JNZ L2 If count is not zero go to L2

MOV DI,1300H Initialize DI with 1300H

MOV [DI],AL Else store the biggest number in 1300 location

HLT Stop

RESULT:

Thus the program for finding the largest and smallest data from a given array was verified

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Write the flags of 8086. The 8086 has nine flags and they are

1. Carry Flag (CF) 6. Overflow Flag (OF)

2. Parity Flag (PF) 7. Trace Flag (TF)

3. Auxiliary carry Flag (AF) 8. Interrupt Flag (IF)

4. Zero Flag (ZF) 9. Direction Flag (DF)

5. Sign Flag (SF)

2. What are control bits? The flags TF, IF and DF of8086 are used to control the processor operation and so they are called

control bits

3. State the function of Direction flag in 8086. Direction flag is used with string instructions. If DF= 0, the string is processed from its beginning

with the first element having the lowest address. Otherwise, the string is processed from the high

address towards the low address


III YEAR


8086 PROGRAMMING

COPYING A STRING

AIM:

To move a string of length FF from source to destination.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 TRAINER KIT

ALGORITHM:

Initialize the data segment .(DS)

Initialize the extra data segment .(ES)

Initialize the start of string in the DS. (SI)

Initialize the start of string in the ES. (DI)

Move the length of the string(FF) in CX register.

Move the byte from DS TO ES, till CX=0.

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV DI,1300H Initialize destination address

MOV SI, 1400H Initialize starting address

MOV CX, 0006H Initialize array size

CLD Clear direction flag

MOV AL, 08H Store the string to be searched

REPNE SCASB Scan until the string is found

DEC DI Decrement the destination address

MOV BL,[DI] Store the contents into BL reg

MOV [SI],BL Store content of BL in source address

HLT Stop


III YEAR


FLOW CHART

RESULT:

Thus the program for copying a string of data from source to destination was verified

START

CX=length of string, DF=0.

Move a byte from source string (DS)

to destination string (ES)

Decrement CX

Check for

ZF=1

STOP

Initialize DS,ES,SI,DI


III YEAR


VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the function of READY signal?

This is the acknowledgment from the slow devices (or) memory that they have completed the

data transfer. The signal made available by the devices is synchronized by the 8284A clock

generator to provide ready input to the 8086. The signal is active high.

2. What is the operation of RD signal ?

Read signal RD when low, indicates the peripherals that the processor is performing a memory

(or) I/O read operation.

3. What is the function of DEN signal in minimum mode?

This signal indicates the availability of valid data over the address /data lines. It is used to enable

the Transceivers to separate the data from the multiplexed address / data signal.It is active from

the middle of T2 until the middle of T4 DEN is tristated during hold acknowledge

cycle.


III YEAR


8086 PROGRAMMING

FIND AND REPLACE

AIM:

To find a character in the string and replace it with another character.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 TRAINER KIT

ALGORITHM:

Initialize the extra segment .(E S)

Initialize the start of string in the ES. (DI)

Move the number of elements in the string in CX register.

Move the byte to be searched in the AL register.

Store the ASCII code of the character that has to replace the scanned byte in BL

register.

Scan for the byte in ES. If the byte is not found, ZF1 and repeat scanning.

If the byte is found, ZF=1.Move the content of BL register to ES:DI.

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV DI,1300H Initialize destination address

MOV SI,1400H Initialize starting address


CLD Clear direction flag

MOV AL, 08H Store the string to be searched

MOV BH,30H Store the string to be replaced

REPNE SCASB Scan until the string is found


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DEC DI Decrement the destination address

MOV BL,[DI] Store the contents into BL reg

MOV [SI],BL Store content of BL in source address

MOV [DI],BH Replace the string

HLT Stop

FLOWCHART

START

CX=length of the string in ES,

DF=0.

DF=0.

Scan for a particular character

specified in AL Register.

Check for ZF=1

STOP

Initialize DS, ES, SI, DI

Move the content of BL

to ES:DI


III YEAR


RESULT:

Thus the program for finding a data and replacing tha data from a given string of data was

verified

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the fabrication technology used for 8086?

The 8086 is fabricated using the HMOS (High density n-type metal oxide silicon field effect

transistors) technology and contains approximately 29,000 transistors. The 8086 packed in a 40

pin DIP and requires a single 5V supply.

2. What is multimicro-processor architecture ?

The maximum clock frequency at which a system operate may be considered as one of the

measure of the processor capability of the system.An appropriate system involving several

microprocessors connected using a certain topology ma provide high processing capacity. The

study of such a system known as multi micro processor architecture.

3. What are the functional parts of simple multi micro processor system ?

The simplest type of multimicroprocessor system is one containing a CPU and a numeric data

processor (NDP) and/or an Input / Output processor (IOP)


III YEAR


8086 INTERFACING

INTERFACING ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER

AIM:

To write an assembly language program to convert an analog signal into a digital signal using an

ADC interfacing.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 TRAINER KIT

ADC Interface board

THEORY:

An ADC usually has two additional control lines: the SOC input to tell the ADC when to start the

conversion and the EOC output to announce when the conversion is complete. The following program

initiates the conversion process, checks the EOC pin of ADC 0809 as to whether the conversion is over

and then inputs the data to the processor. It also instructs the processor to store the converted digital data

at RAM location.

ALGORITHM:

Select the channel and latch the address.

Send the start conversion pulse.

Read EOC signal.

If EOC = 1 continue else go to step (iii)

Read the digital output.

Store it in a memory location


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FLOW CHART

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AL,00 Load accumulator with value for ALE high

OUT 0C8H,AL Send through output port

MOV AL,08 Load accumulator with value for ALE low

OUT 0C8H,AL Send through output port

MOV AL,01 Store the value to make SOC high in the accumulator

START

SELECT THE CHANNEL AND LATCH ADDRESS

SEND THE START CONVERSION PULSE

READ THE DIGITALOUTPUT

STORE THE DIGITAL VALUE IN THE MEMORY

LOCATION SPECIFIED

IS EOC = 1?

STOP

NO

YES


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OUT 0D0H,AL Send through output port

MOV AL,00

Introduce delay MOV AL,00

MOV AL,00

MOV AL,00 Store the value to make SOC low the accumulator

OUT 0D0H,AL Send through output port

L1 : IN AL, 0D8H

Read the EOC signal from port & check for end of conversion AND AL,01

CMP AL,01

JNZ L1 If the conversion is not yet completed, read EOC signal from

port again

IN AL,0C0H Read data from port

MOV BX,1100 Initialize the memory location to store data

MOV [BX],AL Store the data

HLT Stop

RESULT:

Thus the program for converting an input analog signal into digital was verified

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the flag manipulation instructions of 8086.

LAHF : Load AH from low byte of flag register.

SAHF : Store AH to low byte of flag register

PUSHF : Push content of flag to the stack.

POPF : Pop content of stack and load it in the

flag register.

2. What are the three groups of signals in 8086 ?

The 8086 signals are categorized in three groups. They are :

i. The signals having common function in minimum and maximum mode.

ii. The signals having special functions for minimum mode,

iii. The signals having special functions for maximum mode.


III YEAR


3. What are the uses of AD0 AD15 lines ?

These are the time multiplexed memory 15 address and data lines.

Address remains on the line during T I state ,while data is available on the data bus during T2,

T3, TW and T4. Here Ti' T2, T3, T4 and Tw are the clock states of a machine , cycle. Tw is a

wait state. These lines are active high and float to a tristate during interrupt acknowledge and

local bus hold acknowledge cycles.

8086 INTERFACING

INTERFACING DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER

AIM :

1. To write an assembly language program for digital to analog conversion

2. To convert digital inputs into analog outputs & To generate different waveforms

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 TRAINER KIT

DAC Interface board

THEORY:

Since DAC 0800 is an 8 bit DAC and the output voltage variation is between 5v and +5v. The

output voltage varies in steps of 10/256 = 0.04 (approximately). The digital data input and the

corresponding output voltages are presented in the table. The basic idea behind the generation of

waveforms is the continuous generation of analog output of DAC. With 00 (Hex) as input to DAC2 the

analog output is 5v. Similarly with FF H as input, the output is +5v. Outputting digital data 00 and FF at

regular intervals, to DAC2, results in a square wave of amplitude 5v.Output digital data from 00 to FF in

constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Repeat this sequence again and again. As a result a saw-tooth wave will be

generated at DAC2 output. Output digital data from 00 to FF in constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Output

digital data from FF to 00 in constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Repeat this sequence again and again. As a

result a triangular wave will be generated at DAC2 output.

ALGORITHM:

Measurement of analog voltage:

Send the digital value of DAC.

Read the corresponding analog value of its output.


III YEAR


WAVEFORM GENERATION:

SQUARE WAVEFORM:

Send low value (00) to the DAC.

Introduce suitable delay.

Send high value to DAC.

Introduce delay.

Repeat the above procedure.

SAW-TOOTH WAVEFORM:

Load low value (00) to accumulator.

Send this value to DAC.

Increment the accumulator.

Repeat step (ii) and (iii) until accumulator value reaches FF.

Repeat the above procedure from step 1.

TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM:

Load the low value (00) in accumulator.

Send this accumulator content to DAC.

Increment the accumulator.

Repeat step 2 and 3 until the accumulator reaches FF, decrement the

accumulator and send the accumulator contents to DAC.

Decrementing and sending the accumulator contents to DAC.

The above procedure is repeated from step (i)


III YEAR


FLOW CHART

MEASUREMENT OF ANALOG VOLTAGE SQUARE WAVE FORM

START

SEND THE DIGITALVALUE TO

ACCUMULATOR

TRANSFER THE ACCUMULATOR

CONTENTS TO DAC

READ THE CORRESPONDING

ANALOG VALUE

STOP

INTIALISE THE ACCUMULATOR SEND

ACC CONTENT TO DAC

LOAD THE ACC WITH MAX VALUE

SEND ACC CONTENT TO DAC

START

DELAY

DELAY


III YEAR


SAWTOOTH WAVEFORM TRIANGULAR

START

INITIALIZE

ACCUMULATOR

SEND ACCUMULATOR

CONTENT TO DAC

INCREMENT ACCUMULATOR

CONTENT

IS ACC

FF

YES NO

START

INITIALIZE

ACCUMULATOR

SEND ACCUMULATOR

CONTENT TO DAC

INCREMENT ACCUMULATOR

CONTENT

DECREMENT ACCUMULATOR

CONTENT

SEND ACCUMULATOR

CONTENT TO DAC

IS ACC FF

NO

YES

IS ACC 00

YES NO


III YEAR


MEASUREMENT OF ANALOG VOLTAGE:

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AL,7FH Load digital value 00 in accumulator

OUT C0,AL Send through output port

HLT Stop

DIGITAL DATA ANALOG VOLTAGE

PROGRAM: SQUARE WAVE

PROGRAM COMMENTS

L2 : MOV AL,00H Load 00 in accumulator


CALL L1 Give a delay

MOV AL,FFH Load FF in accumulator


CALL L1 Give a delay

JMP L2 Go to starting location

L1 : MOV CX,05FFH Load count value in CX register

L3 : LOOP L3 Decrement until it reaches zero

RET Return to main program

PROGRAM TABLE: SAW TOOTH WAVE

PROGRAM COMMENTS



III YEAR


L1 : OUT C0,AL Send through output port

INC AL Increment contents of accumulator

JNZ L1 Send through output port until it reaches FF


PROGRAM TABLE: TRIANGULAR WAVE

PROGRAM COMMENTS



INC AL Increment contents of accumulator

JNZ L1 Send through output port until it reaches FF

MOV AL,0FFH Load FF in accumulator


DEC AL Decrement contents of accumulator

JNZ L2 Send through output port until it reaches 00


WAVEFORMS AMPLITUDE TIMEPERIOD

Square Waveform

Saw-tooth waveform

Triangular waveform

RESULT:

Thus the program for converting a digital signal into analog was verified


III YEAR


STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING

AIM:

To write an assembly language program in 8086 to rotate the motor at different speeds.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 TRAINER KIT

STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACE BOARD

STEPPER MOTOR

THEORY:

A motor in which the rotor is able to assume only discrete stationary angular position is a

stepper motor. The rotary motion occurs in a stepwise manner from one equilibrium position to the

next.Two-phase scheme: Any two adjacent stator windings are energized. There are two magnetic fields

active in quadrature and none of the rotor pole faces can be in direct alignment with the stator poles. A

partial but symmetric alignment of the rotor poles is of course possible.

ALGORITHM:

For running stepper motor clockwise and anticlockwise directions

(i) Get the first data from the lookup table. (ii) Initialize the counter and move data into accumulator. (iii) Drive the stepper motor circuitry and introduce delay (iv) Decrement the counter is not zero repeat from step(iii) (v) Repeat the above procedure both for backward and forward directions.

SWITCHING SEQUENCE OF STEPPER MOTOR:

MEMORY

LOCATION

A1 A2 B1 B2 HEX

CODE

4500 1 0 0 0 09 H

4501 0 1 0 1 05 H

4502 0 1 1 0 06 H

4503 1 0 1 0 0A H


III YEAR


FLOW CHART

START

INTIALIZE COUNTER FOR LOOK UP TABLE

GET THE FIRST DATA FROM THE ACCUMULATOR

MOVE DATA INTO THE ACCUMULATOR

DRIVE THE MOTOR CIRCUITARY

DECREMENT COUNTER

GET THE DATA FROM LOOK UP TABLE

IS B = 0 ?

DELAY

YES

NO


III YEAR


PROGRAM COMMENTS

START : MOV DI, 1200H Initialize memory location to store the array of number


LOOP 1 : MOV AL,[DI] Copy the first data in AL

OUT 0C0,AL Send it through port address

MOV DX, 1010H

Introduce delay L1 : DEC DX

JNZ L1

INC DI Go to next memory location

LOOP LOOP1 Loop until all the datas have been sent

JMP START Go to start location for continuous rotation

1200 : 09,05,06,0A Array of datas

RESULT:

Thus the program for rotating a stepper motor at different speed was verified


III YEAR


INTERFACING PRGRAMMABLE KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY CONTROLLER- 8279

AIM :

To display the rolling message HELP US in the display.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 Microprocessor kit, Power supply, Interfacing board.

ALGORITHM :

Display of rolling message HELP US

1. Initialize the counter 2. Set 8279 for 8 digit character display, right entry 3. Set 8279 for clearing the display 4. Write the command to display 5. Load the character into accumulator and display it 6. Introduce the delay

7. Repeat from step 1.

1. Display Mode Setup: Control word-10 H

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 D D K K K

DD

00- 8Bit character display left entry

01- 16Bit character display left entry

10- 8Bit character display right entry

11- 16Bit character display right entry

KKK- Key Board Mode

000-2Key lockout.


III YEAR


2.Clear Display: Control word-DC H

1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0

1 1 0 CD CD CD CF CA

11 A0-3; B0-3 =FF

11 A0-3; B0

3. Write Display: Control word-90H

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 AI A A A A

1-Enables Clear display

0-Contents of RAM will be displayed 1-FIFO Status is cleared

1-Clear all bits

(Combined effect of CD)


III YEAR


FLOWCHART

PROGRAM COMMENTS

START : MOV SI,1200H Initialize array

MOV CX,000FH Initialize array size

MOV AL,10 Store the control word for display mode


MOV AL,CC Store the control word to clear display


MOV AL,90 Store the control word to write display

SET UP POINTER

INITIALIZE THE COUNTER

SET 8279 FOR 8-DIGIT CHARACTER DISPLAY

SET 8279 FOR CLEARING THE

DISPLAY

WRITE THE COMMAND TO DISPLAY

LOAD THE CHARACTER INTO ACCUMULATOR

AND DISPLAY

DELAY


III YEAR



L1 : MOV AL,[SI] Get the first data


CALL DELAY Give delay

INC SI Go & get next data

LOOP L1 Loop until all the datas have been taken

JMP START Go to starting location

DELAY : MOV DX,0A0FFH Store 16bit count value

LOOP1 : DEC DX Decrement count value

JNZ LOOP1 Loop until count values becomes zero

RET Return to main program

RESULT:

Thus the program to display the rolling message HELP US in the display was verified.


III YEAR


INTERFACING PROGRAMMABLE TIMER-8253

AIM:

To study different modes of operation of programmable timer 8253

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 trainer kit

8253 interfacing kit

CRO

THEORY:

The main features of the timer are,

i. Three independent 16-bit counters

ii. Input clock from DC to 2 MHz

iii. Programmable counter modes

iv. Count binary or BCD

The control signals with which the 8253 interfaces with the CPU are CS, RD, WR, A1,

A2.The basic operations performed by 8253 are determined by these control signals. It

has six different modes of operation, viz, mode 0 to mode 5.

MODE 2 RATE GENERATOR

It is a simple divide - by N counter. The output will be low for one input clock period. The

period from one output pulse to the next equals the number of input counts in the register. If the register is

reloaded between output pulses, the present period will not be affected, but the subsequent period will

reflect the new value.

MODE 3 SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR

It is similar to mode 2, except that the output will remain high until one half for even number

count, If the count is odd, the output will be high for (count+1)/2 counts and low for (count-1)/2 counts


III YEAR


ALGORITHM:

Mode 2-

1. Initialize channel 0 in mode 2

2. Initialize the LSB of the count.

3. Initialize the MSB of the count.

4. Trigger the count

5. Read the corresponding output in CRO.

Mode 3-

1. Initialize channel 0 in mode 3

2. Initialize the LSB of the count.

3. Initialize the MSB of the count.

4. Trigger the count

5. Read the corresponding output in CRO.

PORT ADDRESS :

1. CONTROL REGISTER

2. COUNTER OF CHANNEL 0 -



5. O/P PORT OF CHANNEL 0 -



CONTROL WORD FORMAT:

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SC1 SC0 RL1 RL0 M2 M1 M0 BCD

0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

Mode 2 = 34 H


III YEAR


SC1 SC0 CHANNEL SELECT RL1 RL0 READ/LOAD

0 0 CHANNEL 0 0 0 LATCH

0 1 CHANNEL 1 0 1 LSB

1 0 CHANNEL 2 1 0 MSB

1 1 ----- 1 1 LSB FIRST, MSB NEXT

BCD --0 BINARY COUNTER 1 --BCD COUNTER

M2 M1 M0 MODE

0 0 0 MODE 0

0 0 1 MODE 1

0 1 0 MODE 2

0 1 1 MODE 3

1 0 0 MODE 4

1 0 1 MODE 5

MODE 2 RATE GENERATOR:

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AL, 34H Store the control word in accumulator

OUT 0BH Send through output port

MOV AL, 0AH Copy lower order count value in accumulator

OUT 08H Send through output port

MOV AL, 00H Copy higher order count value in accumulator


HLT Stop


III YEAR


MODE 3 SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR:

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AL, 36H Store the control word in accumulator

OUT 0BH Send through output port

MOV AL, 0AH Copy lower order count value in accumulator


MOV AL, 00H Copy higher order count value in accumulator


HLT Stop

FLOW CHART

RESULT

Thus the program for programmable timer 8253 and its different modes of operation was executed

successfully

START

INITIALIZE ACCUMULATOR

WITH MODE SET WORD

INITIALIZE LSB OF COUNT

STOP

TRIGGER THE COUNT

INITIALIZE MSB OF COUNT


III YEAR


INTERFACING USART 8251 AIM:

To study interfacing technique of 8251 (USART) with microprocessor 8086 and write an 8086

ALP to transmit and receive data between two serial ports with RS232 cable.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 kit (2 Nos), RS232 cable.

THEORY:

The 8251 is used as a peripheral device for serial communication and is programmed by the

CPU to operate using virtually any serial data transmission technique. The USART accepts data

characters from the CPU in parallel format and then converts them into a continuous serial data stream for

transmission. Simultaneously, it can receive serial data streams and convert them into parallel data

characters for the CPU. The CPU can read the status of the USART at any time. These include data

transmission errors and control signals. The control signals define the complete functional definition of

the 8251. Control words should be written into the control register of 8251.These control words are split

into two formats: 1) Mode instruction word & 2) Command instruction word. Status word format is used

to examine the error during functional operation.

1...transmit enable

1...data terminal ready

1... receive enable

1... send break character

1.... reset error flags (pe,oe,fe)

1..... request to send (rts)

1...... internal reset

1....... enter hunt mode (enable search for sync characters)


III YEAR


1 ransmitter ready

1. receiver ready

1.. transmitter empty

1... parity error (pe)

1.... overrun error (oe)

1..... framing error (fe), async only

1...... sync detect, sync only

1....... data set ready (dsr)

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize 8253 and 8251 to check the transmission and reception of a character

2. Initialize8253 to give an output of 150Khz at channel 0 which will give a 9600 baud rate of 8251.

3. The command word and mode word is written to the 8251 to set up for subsequent operations


III YEAR


4. The status word is read from the 8251 on completion of a serial I/O operation, or when the host CPU

is checking the status of the device before starting the next I/O operation

PROGRAM: TRANSMITTER END

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AL,36 Initialize 8253 in mode 3 square wave generator

OUT CE,AL Send through port address

MOV AL,10 Initialize AL with lower value of count (clock frequency 150KHz)

OUT C8,AL Send through port address

MOV AL,00 Initialize AL with higher value of count


MOV AL,4E Set mode for 8251(8bit data, No parity, baud rate factor 16x & 1 stop bit)


MOV AL,37 Set command instruction(enables transmit enable & receive enable bits)


L1:IN AL,C2 Read status word

AND AL,04 Check whether transmitter ready

JZ L1 If not wait until transmitter becomes ready

MOV AL,41 Set the data as 41


INT 2 Restart the system

RECEIVER END

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AL,36 Initialize 8253 in mode 3 square wave generator

OUT CE,AL Send through port address

MOV AL,10 Initialize AL with lower value of count (clock frequency 150KHz)


MOV AL,00 Initialize AL with higher value of count


MOV AL,4E Set mode for 8251(8bit data, No parity, baud rate factor 16x & 1 stop bit)


MOV AL,37 Set command instruction(enables transmit enable & receive enable bits)


III YEAR



L1:IN AL,C2 Read status word

AND AL,02 Check whether receiver ready

JZ L1 If not wait until receiver becomes ready

IN AL,C0 If it is ready, get the data

MOV BX,1500 Initialize BX register with memory location to store the data

MOV [BX],AL Store the data in the memory location

INT 2 Restart the system

RESULT:

Thus the program for transmitting and receiving a data serially was executed successfully.


III YEAR


INTERFACING PPI 8255

AIM:

To write ALP by interfacing 8255 with 8086 in mode 0, mode 1 and mode 2

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 kit, 8255 interface kit.

ALGORITHM:

Mode 0

1. Initialize accumulator to hold control word

2. store control word in control word register

3. Read data port A.

4. Store data from port A in memory

5. Place contents in port B

Mode 1 & Mode 2

1. Initialize accumulator to hold control word (for port A)

2. Store control word in control word register

3. Initialize accumulator to hold control word (for port B)

4. Place contents in control word register.

5. Disable all maskable interrupts, enable RST 5.5

6. send interrupt mask for RST 6.5 & 7.5

7. Enable interrupt flag

8. Read data from port A, place contents in port B


III YEAR


FLOWCHART

Mode 0 Mode 1 & 2

MODE 0

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AL,90H Set the control word

OUT C6,AL Send it to control port

IN AL,C0 Get the contents of port A in AL

OUT C2,AL Send the contents of port B to port address

HLT Stop

Store control word in

control register

Input to be read from port A

Store into accumulator

STOP

START

Output written on port B

Store control word in control register

Disable all interrupts except RST 6.5

START

Input to be read from port A

Store output to port B

STOP


III YEAR


MODE 1

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AL,0B0H Set the control word for mode 1


MOV AL,09H Control for BSR mode


MOV AL,13H Interrupt generation

OUT 30,AL

MOV AL,0AH Through 8259

OUT 32,AL

MOV AL,0FH Using IR2 interrupt(lower order count)

OUT 32,AL

MOV AL,00H Higher order count

OUT 32,AL

STI Set trap flag

HLT Stop

ISR: Subroutine

IN AL,C0 Read from Port A

OUT C2,AL Send it to Port B

HLT Stop


III YEAR


MODE 2

PROGRAM COMMENTS

MOV AL,0C0H Set the control word for mode 2


MOV AL,09H Control for BSR mode


MOV AL,13H Interrupt generation

OUT 30,AL

MOV AL,0AH Through 8259

OUT 32,AL

MOV AL,0FH Using IR2 interrupt(lower order count)

OUT 32,AL

MOV AL,00H Higher order count

OUT 32,AL

STI Set trap flag

HLT Stop

ISR: Subroutine

IN AL,C0 Read from Port A

OUT C2,AL Send it to Port B

HLT Stop

Result:

Thus the program for interfacing a PPI was executed successfully


III YEAR


8051 PROGRAMMING

8 BIT ADDITION

AIM:

To write a program to add two 8-bit numbers using 8051 microcontroller.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8051 trainer kit

ALGORITHM:

Clear Program Status Word.

Select Register bank by giving proper values to RS1 & RS0 of PSW.

Load accumulator A with any desired 8-bit data.

Load the register R 0 with the second 8- bit data.

Add these two 8-bit numbers.

Store the result.

Stop the program.

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONIC OPERAND HEX

CODE

COMMENTS

4100 CLR C C3 Clear CY Flag

4101 MOV A, data1 74,data1 Get the data1 in

Accumulator

4103 ADDC A, # data 2 24,data2 Add the data1 with data2

4105 MOV DPTR, #

4500H

90,45,00 Initialize the memory

location

4108 MOVX @ DPTR, A F0 Store the result in memory

location

4109 L1 SJMP L1 80,FE Stop the program


III YEAR


FLOW CHART

RESULT:

Thus the program for 8-bit addition using 8051 was executed.

START

Clear PSW

Select Register

Bank

Load A and R 0

with 8- bit datas

Add A & R 0

Store the sum

STOP


III YEAR


VIVA QUESTIONS:

1.What is mean by microcontroller?

A device which contains the microprocessor with integrated peripherals like memory, serial ports,

parallel ports, timer/counter, interrupt controller, data acquisition interfaces like

ADC,DAC is called microcontroller.

2.Explain DJNZ instructions of intel 8051 microcontroller?

a. DJNZ Rn, rel

Decrement the content of the register Rn and jump if not zero.

b. DJNZ direct , rel

Decrement the content of direct 8-bit address and jump if not zero.

3.Explain the contents of the accumulator after the execution ot the following program segments:

MOV A,#3CH

MOV R4,#66H

ANL A,R4

A 3C

R4 66

A 24


III YEAR


8 BIT SUBTRACTION

AIM:

To perform subtraction of two 8 bit data using 8051 microcontroller and store the result in memory.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8051 trainer kit

ALGORITHM:

a. Clear the carry flag. b. Initialize the register for borrow. c. Get the first operand into the accumulator. d. Subtract the second operand from the accumulator. e. If a borrow results increment the carry register. f. Store the result in memory.


CODE

COMMENTS

4100 CLR C C3 Clear CY flag

4101 MOV A, # data1 74, data1 Store data1 in

accumulator

4103 SUBB A, # data2 94,data2 Subtract data2 from

data1

4105 MOV DPTR, # 4500 90,45,00 Initialize memory

location

4108 MOVX @ DPTR, A F0 Store the difference in

memory location

4109 L1 SJMP L1 80,FE Stop


III YEAR


FLOWCHART

RESULT

Thus the program for 8-bit subtraction using 8051 was executed

START

CLEAR CARRY

FLAG

GET IST

OPERAND IN

ACCR

SUBTRACT THE

2ND OPERAND

FROM ACCR

STORE

RESULT IN

MEMORY

STOP

IS CF=1

INCREMENT

THE BORROW

REGISTER

Y

N


III YEAR


8051 PROGRAMMING

8 BIT MULTIPLICATION

AIM:

To perform multiplication of two 8 bit data using 8051 microcontroller and store the result in

memory.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8051 trainer kit

ALGORITHM:

a. Get the multiplier in the accumulator. b. Get the multiplicand in the B register. c. Multiply A with B. d. Store the product in memory.


CODE

COMMENTS

4100 MOV A ,#data1 74, data1 Store data1 in

accumulator

4102 MOV B, #data2 75,data2 Store data2 in B reg

4104 MUL A,B F5,F0 Multiply both

4106 MOV DPTR, # 4500H 90,45,00 Initialize memory

location

4109 MOVX @ DPTR, A F0 Store lower order result

401A INC DPTR A3 Go to next memory

location

410B MOV A,B E5,F0

Store higher order result 410D MOV @ DPTR, A F0

410E STOP SJMP STOP 80,FE Stop


III YEAR


FLOW CHART

RESULT

Thus the program for 8-bit multiplication using 8051 was executed

START

GET

MULTIPLIER

IN ACCR

GET

MULTIPLICAND

IN B REG

MULTIPLY A

WITH B

STORE

RESULT IN

MEMORY

STOP


III YEAR


8051 PROGRAMMING

8 BIT DIVISION

AIM:

To perform division of two 8 bit data using 8051 microcontroller and store the result in memory.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8051 trainer kit

ALGORITHM:

1. Get the Dividend in the accumulator. 2. Get the Divisor in the B register. 3. Divide A by B. 4. Store the Quotient and Remainder in memory.


CODE

COMMENTS

4100 MOV A, # data1 74,data1 Store data1 in accumulator

4102 MOV B, # data2 75,data2 Store data2 in B reg

4104 DIV A,B 84 Divide

4015 MOV DPTR, # 4500H 90,45,00 Initialize memory location

4018 MOVX @ DPTR, A F0 Store remainder

4109 INC DPTR A3 Go to next memory

location

410A MOV A,B E5,F0

Store quotient 410C MOV @ DPTR, A F0

410D STOP SJMP STOP 80,FE Stop


III YEAR


FLOW CHART

RESULT

Thus the program for 8-bit division using 8051 was executed

START

GET DIVIDEND

IN ACCR

GET DIVISOR IN

B REG

DIVIDE A BY B

STORE

QUOTIENT &

REMAINDER

IN MEMORY

STOP


III YEAR


LOGICAL AND BIT MANIPULATION

AIM:

To write an ALP to perform logical and bit manipulation operations using 8051 microcontroller.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8051 microcontroller kit

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize content of accumulator as FFH

2. Set carry flag (cy = 1).

3. AND bit 7 of accumulator with cy and store PSW format.

4. OR bit 6 of PSW and store the PSW format.

5. Set bit 5 of SCON.

6. Clear bit 1 of SCON.

7. Move SCON.1 to carry register.

8. Stop the execution of program.

FLOWCHART

START

Set CY flag, AND CY with MSB of

ACC

Store the PSW format, OR CY with bit 2 IE reg

Clear bit 6 of PSW, Store PSW

Set bit 5 of SCON , clear bit 1 and store

SCON

Move bit 1 of SCON to CY and store PSW

STOP


III YEAR


ADDRESS

HEX

CODE

LABEL

MNEMONICS

OPERAND

COMMENT

4100 90,45,00 MOV DPTR,#4500 Initialize memory location

4103 74,FF MOV A,#FF Get the data in accumulator

4105 D3 SETB C Set CY bit

4016 82,EF ANL C, ACC.7 Perform AND with 7th

bit of

accumulator

4018 E5,D0 MOV A,DOH

Store the result 410A F0 MOVX @DPTR,A

410B A3 INC DPTR Go to next location

410C 72,AA ORL C, IE.2 OR CY bit with 2nd

bit if IE

reg

410E C2,D6 CLR PSW.6 Clear 6th

bit of PSW

4110 E5,D0 MOV A,DOH

Store the result 4112 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A

4113 A3 INC DPTR Go to next location

4114 D2,90 SETB SCON.5 Set 5th

of SCON reg

4116 C2,99 CLR SCON.1 Clear 1st bit of SCON reg

4118 E5,98 MOV A,98H

Store the result 411A F0 MOVX @DPTR,A

411B A3 INC DPTR Go to next location

411C A2,99 MOV C,SCON.1 Copy 1st bit of SCON reg to

CY flag

411E E5,D0 MOV A,DOH

Store the result 4120 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A

4122 80,FE L2 SJMP L2 Stop


III YEAR


PROGRAMS FOR DIGITAL CLOCK AND STOP WATCH (USING 8086)

AIM:

To write an ALP to display the messages for every sec using 8086.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8086 Trainer kit

Program that places a message on the screen every 10 seconds, using int 1ah;

CODE SEGMENT

TIMEDELAY:

MOV SP,1000H

MOV DI,10XD

TIME OUT:

MOV AH,00H

INT 1AH

MOV BX,DX

TIMER:

MOV AH, 00H

INT 1AH

SUB DX, BX

CMP DX, 182XD

JC TIMER

MOV AH, 09H

CS MOV DX,MSG

INT 21H

DEC DI

JNZ TIMEOUT

MOV AX,4C00H

INT 21H

MSG:


III YEAR


DB 'TEN MORE SECONDS HAVE PASSED $'

CODE ENDS

RESULT:

Thus an ALP program for digital clock and stop watch was executed and verified

successfully.


III YEAR


PROGRAMS TO VERIFY TIMER, INTERRUPTS & UART OPERATIONS IN 8031

MICROCONTROLLER

AIM:

To write the alp to verify the interrupts and UART operations using microcontroller

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8051 microcontroller kit

a) Program to generate a square wave of frequency --------.

Steps to determine the count:

Let the frequency of sqaurewave to be generated be Fs KHz.

And the time period of the squarewave be Ts Sec.

Oscillator Frequency = 11.0592MHz.

One machine cycle = 12 clock periods

Time taken to complete one machine cycle=12*(1/11.0592MHz)= 1.085microsec.

Y(dec) = (Ts/2)/(1.085microsec)

Count(dec) = 65536(dec) Y(dec)

= Count(hexa)

PROGRAM

MOV TMOD,#10h ; To select timer1 & mode1 operation

L1: MOV TL1,#LOWERORDER BYTE OF THE COUNT

MOV TH1,#HIGHER ORDER BYTE OF THE COUNT

SETB TR1 ; to start the timer (TCON.6)

BACK: JNB TF1,BACK ; checking the status of timerflag1(TCON.7) for


III YEAR


overflow

CPL Px.x ; get the square wave th

8051 programs with opcode

Documents

microcontroller lab

year issue

laboratory manual

smallest numbers

interfacing analog

microcontroller kit

lab course handout

interfacing usart