801.a crash course in the 20th century art a guide to understanding and enjoying modern and...

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А.Н. Войткова

A Crash Course in

the 20th Century

Art

(A Guide to Understanding

& Enjoying Modern and Contemporary art)

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

2

ББК 81.43.1 – 923

В 65

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета Иркутского

государственного лингвистического университета

Рецензенты: канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедры рекламы и связей

с общественностью ИГЛУ

Ю.С. Заграйская;

канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков

для спеццелей ИГЛУ Н.В. Елашкина

Войткова, А.Н.

В65 A crash course in the 20th century art: a guide to understanding & enjoying

modern and contemporary art. / авт.-сост. А.Н. Войткова. – Иркутск: ИГЛУ, 2013.

– 114 с.

Учебное пособие содержит обширный аутентичный практический текстовой и

аудиальный материал по актуальным проблемам истории современного искусства и

направлено на формирование профессиональной дискурсивной иноязычной компетенции.

Предназначено для студентов среднего (среднепродвинутого) уровня, обучающихся в

вузах с расширенной сеткой преподавания английского языка, а также для студентов 2-

4 курса лингвистического университета неязыковой направления «Музеология и охрана

объектов культурного наследия».

ББК 81.43.1 – 923

© Войткова А.Н., 2013

© Иркутский государственный

лингвистический университет,

2013


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Contents

A crash course in modern art

Introductory part .

Talking about modern art

Eggsistantional guide to

eating your art out

Module 1 Impressionism

Part 1 Impresionism

(1) Subjects of impresionist

painting

(2) Impresionist technigues

Artists's eye. Klod manet

Part 2 Neo-Impressinism

Part 3 Post-Impressinism

(1) Dear Vincent...

(2) Van Gogh's chair

(3) Toulouse-Lautrec

Quiz-test

Module 2 Fauvism movement

(1) Art techniques in fauvim

art movement

(2) How to paint like a wild

beast

Quiz-test

Module3 Cubism

(1)What is cubism ?

(2) How to make cubism art.

Let's draw a cubist portrait

Quiz test

BOOK 2

Module 4 Futurism

(1) What is futurism?

Quiz-test

Module 5 Expressionism

(1) What is expressionism?

Quiz-test

Module 6 Abstract Art

(1) Abstract Art movement

Understanding abstract art

Quiz-test

Module 7 Dada art movement

(1) Dada art movement

How to create dada art

Quiz-test

(2) Performance art

Pussy Riot prank in

cathedral

Module 8 Surrealism

(1) What is Surrealism?

(2) Surreal images & ideas for

a paining

Quiz-test

Module 9 Op & pop art

(1) Op art movement

(2) What pop art?

Quiz test

Module 10 Final Discussion : Modern

art

Jars & Modern Art Trends

Arguing for & against

References


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Talking about

modern art

Introductory part

Art Un-Appreciation

Cartoons

by T. McCracken

taken from

http://members.pioneer.net/~mchumor/art_appreciation_cartoons.html

1. a) Look at the cartoon aside. Does it seem funny to you?

What does it ridicule? Surf the net & find more cartoons that

are mocking at art & discuss their message in class.

Speak up your mind about the cartoon based on this plan:

1. Describe its content; 2. Are some elements recognizable? 3.

Comment on the message if any; 4. Say what you think of it.

Go to http://www.mchumor.com/art_cartoons.html& loot through the art un-appreciations cartoons there

b) These words are used to describe art. Can you match each

with its definition?

1. abstract art 2. cubism___ 3. Impressionism 4. pop art___ 5. surrealism

a. modern art movement that originated in the 1920s and 1930s. Objects are shown

out of their normal context or as being made of inappropriate material. Humor, the

world of dreams, and "the absurd" are three important themes of this movement.

b. art movement that started in the early 1900s. Objects are painted in somber colors,

like brown or gray, and are broken down into geometric shapes and planes, with

several views depicted simultaneously.

с form of art in which there is no attempt to represent objects or people, but which

relies totally on lines, colors, and shapes

d. form of art that developed in the 1960s based on

aspects of twentieth-century life such as movies,

advertising, comics, and everyday products


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e. art movement that started in France in the 18b'0s. The artists use bright colors, and

they try to capture the effects of sunlight on water, trees, and fields.

b) Pair work Use the concepts in Exercise A to classify these

paintings. Do you know other examples of each style?

Andy Warhol Twenty Marilyns

2. Challenge or support the ideas below.

Classic art was the art of necessity, modern romantic art bears the stamps of

caprice & chance (Ralph Walde Emerson)

There is no such things as modern art … There is art - There is advertising

(Albert Stainer)

Trying to understand modern art is like trying to follow the plot in a bowl

of alphabet soup.~ Anon

Anybody who paints and sees a sky green and pastures blue ought to be

sterilised. ~ Adolph Hitler

There are painters who transform the sun into a yellow spot, but there are

others who with the help of their art and their intelligence, transform a

yellow spot into the sun. ~ Pablo Picasso

Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known. ~

Oscar Wilde

No great artist ever sees things as they really are. If he did, he would cease

to be an artist. ~ Oscar Wilde

[Art is] the reasoned derangement of the senses. ~ Kenneth Rexroth

Video File “History of art in 3 minutes"

3. a) How knowledgeable are you about art history?

Watch the video & sum up the ideas. What place

does modern art take in art history? Did it occur

logically that modern emerged that way?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZOsR0TzbJ8


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b) Answer the questions:

1. Why did the proper history began (Egypt, Greece, Rome, India, China, etc)?

What provoked it? What did those civilization give to us?

2. What were medieval ages dominated by? Did they dispute the validity of all

Gods? As a result what was the medieval art like?

3. What came then? What kind of world did it return to? What are distinguishing

features of that epoch?

4. What did they say about Eastern art (China)?

5. What featured of the world was modern art based on?

6. What is art like today? What did the rise of television & cinema lead to?

c) Vocabulary. Watch the video again trying to catch up the

words & phrases below & restore the context when these

words were said

faceless obese woman pot 'art could no longer feature unrealistic art' morose

'glowing babies' dimensions 'develop in its distinct way' urinals

'visual culture' 'popularization of theories of the universe & the human mind'

stunning Freud 'left an indelible mark on our species' unmade beds

'many-headed creature' be embedded in DNA

lead to dissemination of common visual culture be democratized

d) To give you a critical understanding of why

modern art emerged & what it is do some

research on the net (#encyclopedias or any

reference books) & fill in the table

speculating what distinguishing features

there were in Western Europe in art history

periods that made modern art appear &

provoke that kind of art that we have today Make a report.

Pre-Modern Era Modern Era Post Modern

era (coined 1949)

Prehistoric times /

Ancient World &

Creek & Roman

Cultures

Medieval Ages

(5th-13/14th)

Renaissance

(13/14th-

16th)&Reformation

(16th)

Enlightenment

epoch (="Age of

Reason") (17th and 18th )

Modern or

Contemporary

art

Variant: Below are the ideas that reflect the key

factors for each epoch. Match the idea to the

epoch & discuss the pros & cons of each

historical cultural period


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Talking about

modern art

1. feudal society: strong hierarchy (social stratums)

2. many people's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via

a faith in some form of deity 3. the development of linear perspective --> rendering a more

natural reality in painting 4. age of discoveries

5. Roman empire: democracy, political & law system -- > collapse

of Roman Empire 6. man is the hub of the universe

7. based on the traditions of Roman empire

8. availability of paper and the invention of metal movable type (=printing press) (1440)

9. trade is flourished

10. Crusades to establish Christian states in the Near East 11. Christianity (absolute power) --> people humble & obedient

12. the building of Gothic cathedrals (artistic achievements)

13. Intellectual life - scholasticism and the founding of universities; 14. in science- an increased reliance on observation.

15. were marked by difficulties and calamities (famine, plague, and

war)--> diminished the population of Western Europe 16. cultural and technological developments transformed European

society

17. the development of diplomacy

18. intellectual transformation - bridge between the Middle Ages &

Modern Era

19. Martin Luther (G.Calvin, etc) (against church & papacy as the spiritual intermediaries to the common person)

20. rise of capitalism 21. gradual but widespread educational reform.

22. ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and man were synthesized

into a worldview 23. revolutionary developments in art, philosophy, and politics.-->

science

24. the use and the celebration of reason, the power by which man understands the universe and improves his own condition.

25. spread of social movements

26. the goals of rational man were considered to be knowledge, freedom, and happiness.

27. urbanization

28. great cravings for liberty, 29. increasing role of science and technology

30. mass literacy and proliferation of mass media

31. institution of representative democracy 32. industrialization

33. humanism

34. individual self-fulfillment.

Your Word Bank 1. Let's sum up the vocabulary from the

introductory part (1)

1. mock at

2. ridicule smth

3. obese 4. pot

5. morose

6. urinal

7. 'develop in its distinct way'

8. dimensions

9. stunning Freud 10. 'left an indelible mark on

out species'

11. 'many-headed creature' 12. be embedded in DNA

13. 'art could no longer feature unrealistic art'

14. glowing babies

15. feudal society

16. hierarchy 17. social stratums

18. people's sense of self

19. be expressed

20. via 21. faith in some form of deity

22. linear perspective 23. render a more natural reality

in painting

24. age of discoveries 25. Roman empire

26. collapse of Roman Empire

27. the hub of the universe

28. the invention of metal movable type (=printing

press)

29. trade is flourished

30. Crusades

31. to establish Christian states

in the Near East 32. humble

33. obedient

34. calamities (famine, plague, and war)

35. diminish the population

36. papacy

37. spiritual intermediaries

38. rise of capitalism 39. gradual but widespread

educational reform.

40. ideas concerning... God,

reason, nature, and man

41. be synthesized into a

worldview 42. great cravings for liberty,

43. mass literacy

44. proliferation of mass media individual self-fulfillment.

EGGSISTENTIAL GUIDE

TO EATING YOUR ART OUT

4. a1) Vocabulary1. Get yourself familiar

with some of the vocabulary from the text below.

Make up sentences with them

1. feel animosity towards smb - You hate smb or feel strong dislike towards

the person

2. flicker - shine

3. precede smth - smth occured (=happened) before smth

4. be distinguished by - be different from smth

5. smear - (размазать по тарелке)

6. dizzy - I feel dizzy = everything is spinning around


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7. coddle - Don't spoil the child = don't spoil him

8. seaweed - a plant in the sea

9. yell out - scream

10. outsmart - (обхитрить)

11. be desperately constipated - it's hard to go to loo

12. (listen) aghast - ошеломлённый; объятый страхом; поражённый ужасом;

a2) Vocabulary2. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B

Column A Column B Column A Column B 1. Things sounded

2. smooth

3. he felt

4. his eyes fell

5. his face flickered

6. short-lived

7. bold

8. loosely

9. be dyed with

10. the eyes were

11. the man was

12. smear smth across

animosity towards

tempting

movement

slightly

shapes

cooked

the plate

purple & red

deadlocked

constipated

on the item

expressionless face

13. it was

14. push smth

15. variety of

16. on succeeding

17. he was backed

18. imaginative

19. the kitchen was

20. she was

21. he was

22. you wronged

23. dizzying

24. he needed an

excuse

to the side of the plate

inedible

by the kitchen

days

seduced by the landlord

kitchen

baffled

the woman

variety

poisoned

to choose smth else

styles

a3) Vocabulary 3. Transcribe the following words

simultaneous(ly) ................................. smooth......................... mixture

......................... expressionless ................................ threatening ..........................

undeniably .............................. variety ......................... incidentally .........................

triumphant ............... desperately ...............................

precede ........................

b) Read the text & discuss the styles mentioned there.

EGGSISTENTIAL GUIDE

TO EATING YOUR ART OUT

Today, a complete Post-Modernist tale entitled: “Eggs any Style”.

When you have booked yourself in for a fortnight at a seaside hotel to get away

from it all, the last thing you want is another set problems. But, as the man found


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out, even at a seaside hotel there are new problems. Such as what to have for

breakfast.

The man studied the breakfast menu on the first day and hesitated. There were

things on the menu that he hadn’t eaten for months. Things that sounded

simultaneously tempting and threatening. Black budding. Kippers. Arbroath

smokies….

“May I take your order, sir?”

He looked up into the face of the waiter, a smooth expressionless face. He smiled

at the waiter. The waiter did not smile back. Suddenly he felt animosity towards

the waiter. He looked again at the menu. His eye fell on an item he had not noticed

before. It said, “Eggs, any style”.

“I’d like eggs, please,” he said

“How would you like them?”

“Art Deco.”

“Excuse me, sir?”

“It says, ‘eggs any style’. My favorite style is Art Deco.”

The waiter’s face flickered ever so slightly.

“I’ll see what can be done, sir”.

He returned ten minutes later with a boiled egg sitting at the top in a very thin, very

tall, undeniably Art Deco eggcup. It had a very long, undeniably 1920s spoon with

it.

“Thank you”, the man said

“Not at all,” said the waiter

the next morning at breakfast the man looked the

waiter in the eye and asked for neo-classical eggs.

“I’ll see what can be done, sir,” said the waiter

He returned with a plate of scrambled eggs, arranged

tastefully under a Palladian arch of toast.

“Thank you”, said the man

“Not at all,” said the waiter

on the third day the man asked for Fauvist eggs.

“I beg your pardon, sir?” said the waiter .

“Fauvist. Fauvism was a short-lived painting movement which preceded Cubism,

distinguished by its love of bright colors and bold shapes…”

“I am perfectly well aware of the nature of the Fauvist movement, sir”, said the

waiter. “I was just not sure whether you had actually said ‘Fauvist’. “It sounded a

little also like Fascist and a little like Vorticist and a little like…”

“Fauvist,” said the man

“Very good, sir,” said the waiter.

What he brought back was a plate of eggs loosely cooked and dyed with purple and

red, smeared across the plate to look like an angry sunset. It was inedible. But it

was undeniably Fauvist.

“Thank you,” said the man, pushing the mixture to the side of the plate.

“Not at all, sir”, said the waiter, taking the plate away.


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On succeeding days the man asked for his eggs to be done in a dizzying variety of

styles. Futurist, absurdist, Celtic revivalist, Early English, Jazz Age, even

melodramatic.

The waiter, backed by the imaginative kitchen, was never once baffled.

The Celtic revivalist eggs had come coddled in a nest of seaweed. The Jazz Age

eggs were done with gin. For the eggs in the style of the melodrama, the waiter had

brought them simply boiled, then yelled out: “For God’s sake, sir, before you eat

those eggs, think of your daughter Nell who even now is being seduced by her

cruel landlord for a matter of rent money so small that you could easily have paid

it yourself for a very small price of these eggs themselves, which have incidentally

been poisoned not a moment ago in the kitchen by the very woman you wronged

so many years ago in Calcutta!!!”

The rest of the dining room had listened aghast, but the man

had to agree that the waiter could not be faulted. On the last

day, at breakfast, the man asked for his eggs to be done in a

post- modernist style.

“We at this hotel do not think that post-modernism is

worthy to be called a style, sir,” said the waiter coldly. “It is

merely a ragbag of cultural mannerism.”

“So you will not bring me a post-modernist style egg?”

“No, sir.”

The two men stared at each other, eyes deadlocked.

“In the case,” said the man, “bring me Abroath smokies.”

The waiter went away triumphant. He told the kitchen that

they had outsmarted the egg-eater. In fact, the truth was

quite different, after nearly two weeks of eggs, the man was

desperately constipated and needed almost no excuse to

choose something else.

(by Miles Kington, Independent 11/09/96)

http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4810136.html

c) Answer the following questions:

1. Why should the guest have decided to order eggs in different art styles?

2. What was the first style he ordered eggs in?

3. What kind of dish were the eggs in Art Deco style?

4. How did the kitchen staff manage to present Neo-Classical style?

5. Why did the waiter find it difficult to understand the term "Fauvist Style"?

6. How did they cook Fauvist Style eggs?

7. What style did the client choose on the succeeding days?

8. What were the Celtic Revivalist eggs like?

9. What did they invent for the Jazz-Age style eggs?

10. How did the waiter introduce the melodramatic eggs?

11. Why wouldn't the waiter serve a post-modernist style egg?

12. Who won this 'game'?


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d) Vocabulary4. Match the word with its definition

word definition

1. smooth

2. animosity -

3. flicker -

4. precede smth 5. be distinguished

by -

6. smear -

7. dizzy -

8. coddle

9. seaweed

10. yell out -

11. outsmart -

12. be constipated

13. (listen) aghast

-

a) a smooth surface has no rough parts, lumps, or holes, especially in a

way that is pleasant and attractive to touch

b) strong dislike or hatred c) shine with an unsteady light that goes on and off quickly:

d) to happen or exist before something or someone, or to come before

something else in a series

e) to be the thing that makes someone or something different or special

f) to spread a liquid or soft substance over a surface, especially in a

careless or untidy way

g) feeling unable to stand steadily, for example because you are

looking down from a high place or because you are ill:

h) to treat someone in a way that is too kind and gentle and that

protects them from pain or difficulty:

i) a plant that grows in the sea

j) to shout or say something very loudly, especially because you are

frightened, angry, or excited:

k) to gain an advantage over someone using tricks or your intelligence

l) the condition of having difficulty in getting rid of solid waste from

your body

m) feeling or looking shocked by something you have seen or just

found out

n) if an emotion or expression flickers on someone's face or through

their mind, it exists or is shown for only a short time

Vocabulary4.Word formation. Fill in the chart. Make up

sentences with the words used as different part of speech.

noun verb Adjective/participle

distinguished

coddle

yell

animosity

undeniable

poison

mixture

C) Follow-up.

Draw or paint eggs in all modern styles? Compare the

drawings & prove that the paintings are really executed in this

or that style?


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Module 1 Part 1

Impressionism

Variant: Just show painting /sketching of yours without naming the trends in

modern art that your pictures are done in & make everybody guess the trend

giving their reasons.

Video file 'It's not funny, it's art'

5. Watch the video file & say

what you think of it. What is the

moral????

Go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TcRzvjIMj4

b) Watch it again & fill in Blanca's biographical data?

Blanca's background

1. Blanca doesn't understand ....................... about art how to look at it when you

are ..................... to touch it

2. on occasions She also managed to...................... the museum attendance for

........................... artists

3. When she was little ............................................................................. she found

it all highly ................................... That wasn't the idea. Her father

.............................................

4. She read about ....................................................................................

5. Blanca read about Mondrian & Funderburgh .................................................

Mondrian was opposed all ........................

6. Passionate debate about art that would be quite .................. but it never

...........................

7. Finally she decided to .................... what people .................. may be it became

.................................

8. She wasn't allowed to museum ...................... She ...........................

9. Art returned to being art. Blanca refused to ............................... she continued

............................. until she was given a restrain order for roundabouts

10. She often had to make .................

11. She decided to make art ...................... This was the result in ....................

12. Everyone understood her art ..................... .................. Blanca

Now this is the time for a crash course in Art History to inspire

you all.

Now this is the time for a crash course in

Art History to inspire us all.


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Impressionism

1. a) Look at the pictures below. What do they have in

common? Do the pictures look appealing to you? Do the

picture something in common?

Aldo Gaverini CaillibotteA rainy day Mary Cassat

b1) Vocabulary1. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B

Column A Column B Column A Column B

1. originate

2. divided

3. the light

4. break away

5. capture

6. transitory

from the traditions

hits the object

style

the mood of a moment

effect

in 1870

brush strokes

7. gain

8. prescribe

9. annual

10. execute

pictures

11. exhibition

12. apply

style to painting

art exhibition

outdoors

standards

was held

independence

b2) Transcribe the following the words and phrases

streak …………………… unique ………….. loose ………………………..

c) Read texts 1-3 & express

your attitude to the this style

of painting. Answer the

questions after the texts.

Text 1 Impressionism

"Merely think, here is a little square of

blue,

here an oblong ( прямоугольник) of pink,

here a streak (полоска) of yellow,


http://static.picassomio.com/images/art/pm-26666-large.j

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and paint it just as it looks to you." Claude Monet

A style of painting that originated in France about 1870. Paintings of casual

subjects, often executed outdoors, using divided brush strokes to capture the mood

of a particular moment as defined by the transitory effects of light and color. The first

Impressionist exhibition was held in 1874.

Impressionism was essentially the study of how light hits an object.

Impressionist painters strove to break away from the traditional rules of subject

matter, technique, and composition in painting, and created their own, unique style.

A group of painters who became known as the Impressionists decided to gain

independence from the standards prescribed by the French Academy of Fine Arts

and France's annual official art exhibition called The Salon (an annual juried art show

in Paris). Impressionism covers approximately two decades, from the late 1860s

through the 1880s.

The term impressionist was first used by French art critic Louis Leroy in 1874

based on Monet's painting Impression, Sunrise. Leroy found the term fitting to

describe the loose, undefined and "unfinished" style that Monet and several other

artists applied to their paintings.

"A preliminary drawing for a wallpaper pattern is more highly finished than

this seascape." Louis Leroy, 1874, criticism of Monet's Impression, Sunrise http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_impressionist_art

http://www.impressionism.info/info.html

Answer the questions

1. When did the style of painting like this originate? Where & why?

2. How did they define a particular moment?

3. How did it happen that it is called this way now?

4. What is considered the beginning of the art movement?

5. How many decades did this art movement cover?

6. What was The Salon? How important was it that time?

7. What did French art critic Louis Leroy say about Monet's Impression, Sunrise?

Explain the meaning of the words in bold.



noun verb Adjective/participle

essential

prescribed

apply

undefined

loose


http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_impressionist_art


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Text 2 Subjects of Impressionist Paintings:

2. a) Vocabulary. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B


1. focus

2. idealized

3. put

4. riverside &

5. portray people

6. study

emphasis on

beauty

path

in everyday life the effect of light

on

7. capture

8. suburbs

9. experiment with

10. seacoast

11. leisure time

12. industrial

of Paris

activities

resort

revolution

depiction of

reality

b) Read the text about what subjects impressionist Painters

preferred & comment on what was particular about the

following subjects:

Scenes from Everyday Life

Nature

People

Paris

Still life

Subjects of Impressionist Paintings

Unlike conservative painters who focused on portraying

dramatic, often historical scenes of idealized beauty and moral

or religious meaning, the Impressionists chose ordinary scenes

from everyday life as the subject matter of their work. They

put emphasis on capturing reality and depicting what they saw

at a given moment.

Nature was elevated to become the subject of the

painting, rather than a backdrop for another scene, as was the case in traditional art.

In painting landscapes, the Impressionists tried to put on canvas

what they saw in front of them, without idealization. They often

made a seemingly ordinary part of nature (a riverside path, a field

of haystacks (стог сена)) the focal point of their work. (Camille

Pissarro: Pommiers en Fleurs, Eragny)

Impressionist artists were

interested in portraying people in


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everyday, informal situations: the middle class during leisure time activities in

gardens, parks, or at the seaside, and workmen or rural people at work. One novelty

of people portraits was the introduction of nudes who, "at the time, ... were an

acceptable subject in allegorical or historical paintings, but not in scenes of everyday

life." (Pierre Renoir: Oarsmen at Chatou)

With the 19th century Industrial Revolution and the reconstruction of Paris into

a modern city, the city scene became one of the Impressionists' favorite subjects:

"women wearing the latest fashions, the airy new streets and suburbs of Paris,

modern modes of transportation ..., and the riverside and seacoast resorts where

Parisians spent their leisure time. (Gustave Caillebotte: Paris, a Rainy Day, 1877)

Painting still life allowed the Impressionists to experiment

with the depiction of changing light and to study the effects of

light and shadow on the look of ordinary objects.

(Paul Cézanne: Natura Morta Con Tenda) http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_impressionist_art


a) Make up true of false sentences to the text & make other

students disagree with the ideas.

d) Comment on the paintings (make up 5 sentences

answering the question: what emotions did the pictures of

impressionist artists evoke in you?)

Text 3 Impressionist Technique

3. a) Vocabulary. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B


1. distance

themselves

2. avoid

3. traces

4. omit

the use of black

of the brush

details

from somber tones

1. vibrant

2. passing

3. give a work

4. capture

a spontaneous feel

a given moment

moment

colors

b) Read the text that tells you what make Impressionist

Paintings different from classical art. Match the titles with the

passages. Underline the key words that make you think you

are right.




17

Locale [ləu'kɑːl] Composition Color Brush work

Impressionist Technique

………….. The Impressionists distanced themselves from the somber tones of

earlier paintings. They generally avoided the use of black and earth …………s and

instead of light, vibrant ………..s to give their paintings luminosity and to capture

the changing effect of sunlight on the scenes they painted. Bright, contrasting

………..s were put onto the canvas one next to or on top of each other, often without

prior mixing or subsequent blending.

……………. In order to convey the movement and changing nature of a

passing moment, the Impressionists used quick, broken brushstrokes that were left

without any further smoothing. This method allows the viewer to clearly see the

traces of the brush and gives impressionist paintings an unfinished appearance. The

Impressionists worked quickly, sometimes in one sitting, in order to capture the

fleeting moment and to give their work a spontaneous feel.

……………….Impressionist painters often worked outdoors, not in a studio,

to be in close touch with nature and to be able to directly observe the effects of

changing sunlight, weather and movement.

……………….. The Impressionists broke the traditional

rules of …………… and opened their style to experimenting. In

their attempts to capture a given moment, they omitted detail in

favor of the overall effect of the painting. They looked at their

subjects from unusual angles and often cropped (crop –

обрезать) or framed their work in a way that was new to

painting. A scene is often captured as if in passing or through

the lens of a camera (a new invention at the time that enabled the Impressionists to

study movement and gesture in real-life situations). (Edgar Degas: Blue Dancers) http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_impressionist_art


c) Take any impressionist painting & analyze the technique

proving the ideas in the text

d) Explain the meaning of the words in italics

e) Comment on ‘A scene is often captured as if in passing or through the lens of

a camera”.

Video file 1.




18

4. Go to you YouTube & Watch the video lecture on what

impressionism is. Make up questions to ask your group mates

the understanding of the gist of this art movement.

Video file 2.

5. Private life of a masterpiece. Renoir “Moulin de la gallete”

a) Look at the painting &

discuss:

Does the painting

seem messy to you

or unusual &

extraordinary?

b) Watch the video file

&discuss the main issues

raised in it.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6rAFt5FW_Q

Listening 1.1.

5. Artist's eye. Klod Monet (1840-1926).

a) You will hear part of a program in which a doctor expresses

a medical opinion about artist. As you listen, complete the

sentences for question 1-10 with an appropriate word or short

phrase. You will hear the recording twice

Artist who paints the world differently may have (1) ____________________

If you want to see blue clearly through brown sunglasses, you need to paint an

extremely (2) ___________________________________________________

The fact that Claude Monet suffered from cataracts is apparent (3) _________

In later life minor cataracts affect (4) _________________________________

Monet suffered from a form of the disease which turned the eye lens (5)______

In Monet's paintings of his garden, the whites are (6) __________________&

The blue appears much (7) _________________________________________

In a fit of depression, Monet (8) _____________________________________

He never painted (9) ______________________________________________

In 1922 he complained that everything he saw looked (10) ________________

Three years after having cataracts surgery, he (11) ______________________


19

b) Surf the net & make up a quiz on Klod Monet’s life story.

Look at these sample quiz ideas:

Claude Monet’s Biography Quiz

1. Monet struggled with …. a) depression,

poverty and illness throughout his life; b)

luxury, popularity & fame

2. His father, Adolphe, worked in his family's

…………………. a) shipping business; b)

construction business; c) grocery store

business.

3. His mother was a ……. a) a trained dancer;

b) a trained painter; c) a trained singer.

4. In the community at the start of his career,

Monet became well known for his ………. a)

sculptures; b) caricatures; c) ivory

5. a) Eugene Boudin; b) August Renoir; c)

Eduard Manet…. was his mentor & taught

him to use oils & "en plein air" (outdoor)

techniques for painting.

6. What brought him recognition? a) charcoal caricatures; b) his painting

“Camille” (Woman in the green dress); c) his new style of painting.

7. Why did he live in England in September 1870? a) to study works of John

Constable & William Turner; b) after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian

War; c) he found a job there.

8. Who or what inspired Monet's innovations in the study of color? a) the works

of John Constable & William Turner; b) an accident of being outdoors where

he noticed the game of light & shadow on the objects around; c) the Royal

Academy exhibition.

9. Monet died of …… on December 5, 1926 at the age of 86 and is buried in the

Giverny church cemetery. a) cataract; b) lung cancer; c) tuberculosis.

10. His famous home and garden with its waterlily pond are ………. a)

bequeathed by his heirs to the French Academy of Fine Arts; b) the two main

attractions of Giverny, which hosts tourists from all over the world; c)

refurbished & sold to a private collector.

c) Bring in some of his pictures & comment them on.

6. Videofile 3.


20

Watch the movie “The impressionists” to get more

understanding of this kind of artand somefavorites, Renoir,

Degas, Monet, and Manet

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZ4BNr2Ou7Q

Answer the questions:

1. Who came to see Monet in his garden & why?

2. Where did Monet study art that time?

3. Who did he study with there?

4. Who provoked Monet’s ideas of creating a new vision of life & reality around?

5. What two pictures were opposed to each other while being selected for the Salon? What were the

striking differences?

6. Where did Monet & his friends see that picture then? Describe the contents of the painting

7. Next scene what was Eduard Manet’s talking to? What were they discussing?

8. What was the incident at Glair’s studio?

9. Where did all three friends go after the incident? What happened there?

10. Who said “Art & reality are different things”? & When?

11. Why was Monet lying on the floor? Who came in? What did he say?

12. Who came to see Monet the following day? What was she wearing?

13. What was the picture “Woman in the green dress” mistaken for? Who was congratulated on this

picture?

14. How did Manet & Monet meet?

15. What news did Monet receive that changed his life? What seemed to be the problem? How did he get

out of it? Who bought his painting? What did it make Monet understand?

16. Why did Monet moved out of Paris?

17. How was their first exhibition thought of? Who organized it?

18. What prevented the exhibition from being held? What happened? Where did Monet have to go?

19. Why did Renoir get angry with Bazille? How old was Bazille? What happened to him?

20. What was Monet fascinated by in London?

7. Your vocabulary bank. Think up exercises & fun activities

to practice using the following vocabulary units in their

contexts

Text 1

1. a crash course in

2. look appealing to smb

3. originate in

4. divided brush strokes

5. the light hits the object

6. break away from traditions

7. capture the mood of a passing

moment / reality / a given

moment

8. transitory effect

9. gain independence from

10. prescribe standards

11. annual art exhibition

12. execute pictures outdoors

13. apply the style / techniques to

painting

14. exhibition was held

15. preliminary drawing

16. wallpaper pattern

Text 2 subjects

17. focus emphasis on

18. emphasize smth

19. idealized beauty

20. riverside / seaside

21. suburbs of

22. experiment with

23. at a given moment

24. portray people in everyday life

25. leisure time activities

26. nudes

27. industrial revolution

28. study the effect of …

Videos

29. water lily pond

30. forger (forge)

31. oblong of

32. mere (ly)

33. streak

34. essentially

Text 3 techniques

35. locale

36. distance themselves from

somber tones

37. avoid the use of black…

38. traces of the brush

39. omit details

40. vibrant colors

41. passing moment

42. give a work a spontaneous feel

43. crop a picture

44. frame a picture

45. angle

46. triangle

47. rectangle

48. circle

49. smooth colors

50. mentor

8. Credit activity. Analyze any impressionist painting based on

the vocabulary and the plan analysis in the supplement.


21

Videofile 4.1.

9. A Forger’s Masterclass (ep-4). Watch the video & express

your opinion on the pictures the students were trying to

“forge”. Which one you liked or dislike most? Why?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9wI-qoI6b8

10. Video file4.2. A beginner’s guide: “Paint like Monet” with

Berry Whitehouse.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ftb1mkN30g

a) Discuss:

Have you ever thought of painting a piece of art in any style? Do you think you

would cope with it? Are you too shy to try it?

b) Watch the file & Answer the questions:

1. What are the colors on the palette called?

2. What was the era when people started to think freely & move away from

formal styles of that day?

3. What invention help the movement develop?

4. What was the technique Monet used?

5. What did the artist do step by step?

b) Try to produce a piece of art after some painters you liked

from impressionist art style. As you in the videos your work is

not supposed to be as skillful & professional as real painters

do. Try your best & have fun with the paints & the brush.

11. Additional video file 5:

Gustave Gaillebotte. An Artist portrait.

a) Surf the net & look through Gustave Gaillibotte’s picture.

Analyse what makes the pictures different from other

impressionist works.

b) Watch the video & tell as much as you can about the artists

& his works.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8d45ETt78o


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8d45ETt78o

22

Module 1 Part 2

Neo- Impressionism

1. a) Look at the pictures below & say

whether look different from impressionist

art

Paul Signac ( in “D’Eugène Delacroix au néo-

impressionisme”)

Martina Krupickova Spring 2007 Paul Signac 1890

b) Vocabulary. Match the words from column a with

their parts in Column B


1. pictorial

2. mix

3. place

4. founding

colors on the ‘palette

dots side by side

masterpiece

technique

5. minuscule

6. create

7. luminescent

8. mix colors

a specific hue

surfaces

optically

dots

c) Presuppose what can be the difference between

impressionist Paintings & neo impressionist Paintings. Read

the text & find out.

Neo-Impressionism (a.k.a. Divisionism or

Pointillism) is a movement and a style. It is a

subdivision of the term Neo-Impressionism refers

to a pictorial technique where color pigments are

no longer mixed either on the palette or directly on

canvas, but instead placed as small dots side by

side. Mixing of colors takes place from a suitable

distance, in the observor's eye, as an "optical

mixture".

In the early 1880s, French painter Georges Seurat studied writings on color

theory by French chemists Eugène Chevreul (1786-1889), Charles Henry, and

American physicist Ogden Rood, and invented & formulated a new painting


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Signac.j

23

technique that he named "separation of color" or "Divisionism", the main advantage

of which is to give a greater vibrancy of color.He called this system

Chromoluminarism.

Seurat's first large painting (206x305cm) "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of

La Grande Jatte" - 1884-1886 may be considered as the founding masterpiece of

Divisionism.

Neo-Impressionism organized the system of applying separate colors to the

surface so that the eye mixed the colors rather than the artist on his or her palette.

The theory of chromatic (цветовой) integration claims that these independent tiny

touches of color can be mixed optically to achieve better color quality.

The Neo-Impressionist surface seems to vibrate with a glow that radiates from

the minuscule ['mɪnəskjuːl] dots that are packed together to create a specific hue.

The painted surfaces are especially luminescent [ˌluːmɪ'nes(ə)nt].

The Belgium art critic Félix Fénéon described Seurat's systematic application

of paint in his review of the Eighth Impressionist Exhibition in La Vogue in June

1886. He added a bit to this article in his publication Les Impressionistes en 1886,

and from that little book his word néo-impressionisme took off as a name for Seurat

and his followers.

Neo-Impressionism was an art movement from 1884 until 1935 (the end of

Signac's life).

To sum it up, the Key Characteristic of Neo-Impressionism are:

Tiny dots of local color.

Clean, clear contours

around the forms.

Luminescent surfaces

A stylized deliberateness

that emphasizes a

An artificial lifelessness in the figures

and landscapes.

Painted in the studio, instead of outdoors

like the Impressionists.

Carefully ordered and not spontaneous in

its technique and intention.


24

decorative design. Subjects about contemporary life and

landscapes. http://www.ehow.com/about_6569030_post-impressionism-art_.html#ixzz1l0VUc6Le

http://www.ehow.com/about_6569030_post-impressionism-art_.html

d) Discuss the following questions

1. What are the other terms of the art movement? & why?

2. Where does the mixing of colors take place?

3. Who invented & formulated the technique?

4. What was the first founding painting of divisionism?

5. What was the color theory called?

6. When & where & by whom did the word néo-impressionist take off as a

name for the art movement?

7. Who were the biggest representatives of this art movement?

2. Vocabulary Tasks:

Explain the meaning of the words in bold in the text

3. Video file 7. George Seurat Short Documentary

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KcYyfXyxICg

a) Get familiar with the some vocabulary from the movie:

taciturn proletarian bourgeois superficial reason pendants to smth poverty

impoverished resist smth ritualized performance leisure

b) Watch the file & answer the questions:

1. Why do French people not like Seurat according to the opinion of an art critic

in the file?

2. What kind of theory did Seurat have? How is he viewed in modern art?

3. What did Seurat believe an artist had to do before he would go to colors?

4. What kind of person was he? What episode from his life proves he was a

taciturn & secretive person?

5. What do many people read Seuratfor?

6. What two pictures are considered pendants to each other & why?

7. Put down the description of these two pictures from 03.53-4.57.

c) Say what you think of the artist & his works. Make a review

of his pictures. Were you inspired or bored by looking at them?

4. Credit activity. Bring in any neo impressionist painting &

comment on its contents and technique in class.




25

Module 1 Part 3

Post-Impressionism

5. Your Vocabulary bank.Think up exercises & fun activities


contexts.

1. pictorial techniques

2. place dots side by side

3. founding masterpiece

4. optical mixture

5. the word … take off as a

name for

6. luminescent (surfaces)

7. minuscule dots (=tiny)

8. followers

9. a.k.a.

10. subdivision

11. clean clear contours

12. deliberateness

13. artificial lifelessness

14. hue

15. mix colors on the palette /

canvas

16. directly

17. observer

18. formulate

19. vibrate with a glow that..

20. radiate from the dots …

21. vogue

22. taciturn

23. proletarian

24. bourgeois

25. superficial reason

26. pendants to smth

27. poverty

28. impoverished

29. resist smth

30. ritualized performance

leisure

1. a) Look at the pictures below & say

whether look different from

impressionist artworks.

Paul Gaugin 'When Are

You Getting Married? Vincent Van Gogh's "Starry Night Over the Rhone" Paulo zeerbato

b) Vocabulary. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B



26

1. be influenced

2. share

3. the term

4. influencial 5. impressionist

6. unifying

a few similarities

examples

characteristics

was coined

era ['ɪərə]

by impressionist

7. notable

8. unveil

9. eclectic bunch

10. push the ideas

11. convey

of individuals

the truth

into new direction

his struggle with

depression

examples

c) Read the text & sum up the differences between all three

art movements.

Post-Impressionism

Post-Impressionism follows Impressionism. The artists involved were influenced

by Impressionism although their work shares few similarities. Disinterested in

recording light and color phenomena, Post-Impressionism is characterized by bright

color, sharp, often outlined edges. In pursuit of individual goals, theories, and

interests, they don't work or exhibit together.

Although Post-Impressionism describes French art created during the period of

1886 to 1941, the term itself was not coined until 1910 by English art critic and artist

himself, Roger Fry. He named it Post-Impressionism simply because it followed the

Impressionist era.

As with many other forms of artistic expression, these artists were trying to reveal

something about themselves. They used their talents to convey truths they had

discovered about themselves and the world around them. Van Gogh used a great deal

of grays and blues in most of his paintings unveiling his struggle with depression and

the idea that everyone has an inherently evil soul. Cezanne focused more on the

structure of his subjects. He once stated "With an apple I will astonish Paris." Suerat

was a believer in optical truth; the idea of using color and form to show the real

world. He took the rapid, "broken" brushwork of Impressionism and developed it into

the millions of colored dots that create Pointillism, while Paul Cézanne elevated

Impressionism's separation of colors into separations of whole planes of color.

The most notable and influential examples of Post-Impressionism are Van

Gogh's "Starry Night" (painted outside the Saint-Remy mental asylum) and his floral

work "Irises", Cezanne's use of depth perception in "The Card Players", Rousseau's

almost surreal "The Dream", Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec's inspired work, "Seated

Dancer In Pink Tights" and most certainly, Seurat's most famous piece, "Sunday

Afternoon On The Island Of Le Grande Jatte."

Post-Impressionists pushed the ideas of the Impressionists into new directions.

The word "Post-Impressionism" indicates their link to the original Impressionist ideas

and their departure from those ideas -- their modernist journey from the past into the

future.

The Post-Impressionists were an eclectic bunch of individuals, so there were no

broad, unifying characteristics. Each artist took an aspect of Impressionism and

exaggerated it.


27

It would be a gross understatement to say that Post-Impressionism had a

tremendous affect on future painters. It has been credited with being the foundation

of later styles such as Fauvism, Neo-Impressionism and Cubism. It stands as a

standard of artist self-expression, conveying emotion, embracing your environment

and questioning the human condition http://www.ehow.com/about_6569030_post-impressionism-art_.html#ixzz1l0VUc6Le


http://arthistory.about.com/od/modernarthistory/a/Post-Impressionism-Art-History-101-Basics.htm

d) Discuss the questions:

1. When was the term post impressionist coined?

2. Did the artist work in team?

3. What was the period for this movement?

4. What was particular of Van Gogh’s works? Cesanne’s works? Suerat’s?

5. Did the post impressionism have a tremendous effect on future painting?

2. Match the art movements with their representatives

impressionism neo-impressionism post-impressionism

Paul Sezanne Eduard Degat Klod Monet Sislei Paul Signac

Paul Gaugen August Renoir Van Gogh Emil Pissarro Georges Seurat

Henri de Toulous Lautrec Henri Matisse

Art movement

Painters

Make reports on works of French painters in the texts

3. Your Vocabulary bank.Think up exercises & fun activities


contexts.

1. be influenced by

2. influence smth /smb

3. share a few similarities

4. the term was coined

5. influential

6. eclectic bunch of individuals

7. push the ideas into a new

directions

8. convey the truth / emotion

9. impressionist era

10. unifying characteristics

11. exaggerate

12. self-expression 13. indicate the link btwn ….. 14. tremendous 15. be credited with 16. convey thruth/ emotions

17. question human condition

18. embrace your environment

19. gross 20. understatement 21. reveal smth about themselves

22. have an effect on

23. notable

24. unveil

4. Render the ideas below





28

1. Импрессионизм как направление в живописи возникло во Франции в 1860-х годах.

2. Чтобы передать каждое мгновение непосредственно, живо, свободно и в то же время

точно, импрессионисты писали по большей части на пленэре – на открытом воздухе.

3. Большое внимание они уделяли свету, светотени, картины их полны солнечного света

и чистого, прозрачного (transparent) воздуха.

4. Их чрезвычайно занимала проблема взаимоотношения света и цвета, свои картины

они писали открытыми мазками чистого красочного пигмента.

5. Они совершили также переворот в выборе сюжетов, отказавшись от традиционных

исторических, религиозных или литературных тем, и обратились к сценам

повседневной жизни.

6. Интерес к человеку, особенно, к современной жизни Франции был присущ ряду

представителей этого направления.

7. Впервые этот термин импрессионизм был использован в негативном смысле.

Журналист Луи Леруа написал критический отзыв о первой выставке приверженцев

этого еще никак не названного направления. Оттолкнувшись от названия картины

Клода Моне «Впечатление. Восход солнца», критик «обозвал» импрессионистами

всех участников выставки. Те в знак протеста приняли это название, и оно укрепилось

как термин без негативного значения.

8. Зарождение импрессионизма датируется 1860-ми. В этот период художники ищут

способы ухода от академизма.

9. В 1863 г. Э. Мане, негласный идейный лидер импрессионистов, представил публике

картину «Завтрак на траве», в следующем году Э. Буден приглашает его в Онфлер.

Там художник наблюдал за работой учителя на этюдах и учился создавать картины на

пленэре.

10. В 1871 году Моне и Писсаро в Лондоне знакомятся с творчеством У. Тернера,

которого называют предшественником импрессионизма.

11. Стараясь уйти от академизма, представители нового направления проводили свои

поиски как в области сюжетов картин, так и в технике их создания.

12. Импрессионисты отказались от мифологических, литературных, библейских,

исторических сюжетов – они были характерны для салонной живописи и

пользовались спросом у аристократов.

13. Новые полотна можно назвать демократическими, ведь на них были изображены

люди в парках и кафе, в саду и во время лодочных прогулок.

14. Широко распространен был пейзаж, в том числе городской. В рамках этих тем

импрессионисты пытались уловить неповторимость каждого изображенного

мгновения, уникальность дыхания жизни, передать свое непосредственное

впечатление.

15. Стремясь к легкости изображения, художники отказались от контура – они заменили

его маленькими контрастными мазками.

16. Накладывая такие дробные штрихи, мастера ориентировались на теории цвета

Шевреля, Гельмгольца, Руда. Это позволяло им с помощью, казалось бы, не очень

близких к реальности цветов создавать нужные оттенки и отражать в картинах

практически каждое движение воздуха.

17. (франц. neoimpressionnisme) (дивизионизм, пуантилизм), течение в живописи,

возникшее во Франции ок. 1885 (Ж. Сера, П. Синьяк).

Используя выводы научного цветоведения, придало

методический характер введенному импрессионизмом

разложению сложных тонов на чистые цвета. Плоскостно-

декоративные картины систематически заполнялись

мазками правильной формы. http://www.kakprosto.ru/kak-82423-chto-takoe-impressionizm


29

5. Dear Vincent ...

a) Surf the net & find out as much as possible about Van

Gogh’s life. (Watch the video file 9)

b) Read the letter from Vincent van Gogh (Dutch painter, 1853-

90) to an English painter called Horace Mann Livens. They met

when they were fellow students at the Antwerp Academy. He

sometimes uses non-standard English, Find answers to these

questions:

What does van Gogh think of Livens?

What is van Gogh's financial situation like?

What kind of pictures is he painting at the moment?

Is his mood optimistic or pessimistic?

Paris

My dear Mr Livens,

Since I have been here in Paris I have very often thought of you and your work.

You will remember that I liked your colour, your ideas on art and literature, and I

add, most of Wall your personality. I have already before now thought that I ought to

let you know what I was doing [and] where I was. But what restrained me was that I

find living in Paris is much dearer than in Antwerp, and not knowing what your

circumstance are, I dare not say come over to Paris from Antwerp without warning

you that it costs one dearer, and that if poor, one has to suffer many things –as you

may imagine. But on the other hand, there is more chance selling. There is also a

good chance of exchanging pictures with other artists.

There is much to be seen here - for instance, Delacroix, to name only one

master. In Antwerp I did not even know what the Impressionists were, now I have

seen them, and though not being one of the club yet, I have much admired certain

impressionists' pictures - Degae nude figure - Claude Monet’s landscape.

And now for what regards what I myself have been doing, I have lacked money

for paying models, or I would have entirely given myself to figurepainting. But I

have made a series of colour studies in painting flowers: red popple (плеск, рябь

зыбь), blue corn flowers and mysotys, white and rose roses, yellow chrysanthemums

[krə'sænθɪməm] - seeking oppositions of blue with orange, red and green, yellow and

violet seeking ,.. to harmonise brutal extremes. Trying to render an intense colour

and not a grey harmony.

…..With regard to my chances of sale, they are certainly not much but still I

have a beginning.

At the present moment I have found four dealers who have exhibited

studies of mine. And I have exchanged studies with many artists. Now the price is 50

francs. Certainly not much, but as far as I can see, one must sell cheap to get on. And

mind, my dear fellow, Paris is Paris. There is only one Paris and, however, hard


30

living may be here, and even if it became worse and harder the French air clears the

brain and does good - a world of good.

Yours truly,

Vincent

c) Read the letter again. Underline words to do with painting,

and circle words to do with money and finance.

6. Van Gogh’s chair

A) Look at this picture by Van

Gogh. Do you think the picture is

very interesting / fairly interesting

/ not at all interesting. Can you

say Why?

Do you know what colors Van

Gogh painted: the chair? The

walls? The tiled floor? If not can

you guess?

What does the picture tell us

about the man who uses this

chair? Choose the sentences you

agree with.

He’s old. He’s heavy smoker. He’s poor / rich. He’s lonely.

He has gone away forever. He’ll be back soon.

You’ll hear a woman talking about the picture. How would she

answer the questions above?

B) Your own chair. Four people imagine a picture in the style

of Van Gogh showing their own chair.


31

Look at the pictures & decide which person:

Likes to be comfortable / likes cooking / likes eating / likes animals / likes watching

television / likes doing crossword puzzles / smokes

C) Listen to the tape, & match the descriptions with the

pictures. 1………….. 2…………….3…………….4……………….

Which speaker uses the words: a rocking chair / a tea-towel / remote

control / a squeak

What exactly do they say?

Listen to the sentences on the tape & check your answers.

D) Imagine you are painting a picture of your own chair. Think

of two things to put on it, which show something about you.

Tell another student what have chosen, & explain why.

7. Spot the forgery

a) Look at the two pictures of Van Gogh's Dr Paul Gacher and

decide what is differences between them are and which you

think is the genuine work of art. Only one is genuine, the

other is a forgery!


32

Report your decisions to another group. Did you agree?

b) Listening for statements the speakers make

A You will hear a news item on the radio in which a reporter and a police

commissaire are discussing an art scandal. During the discussion they make

various comments. For questions 1 to 12. indicate which comments are made by

the reporter and which are made by the Commissaire, by writing R (for the

reporter) С (for the Commissaire) or N (for neither).

1. Mr. and Mrs. Van Den lived rather grandly in the French countryside

2. The Commissaire doubts whether the loot is recoverable.

3. There hasn't been an art scandal like this for two decades.

4. The forgeries are not on show for the press to see.

5. The pictures will be auctioned.

6. Some of the pictures are worth a lot of money

7.Van Den Bergen sold many of the forgeries in Germany,

8. Police arrested him at home.

9. Local people saw little of Mr. Van Den Bergen.

10. Van Den Bergen will spend at least three years in prison.

11. Art collectors can now breathe a sigh of relief!

12 . Van Den Bergen might not be allowed to paint in prison.

C) Analyse your success or failure. Compare the script with

the reformulated statements. What helped you to recognize

the statements the speakers made?

Toulouse-Lautrec


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Portrait_of_Dr._Gachet.j

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Portrait_of_Dr._Gachet.j

33

At the Moulin Rouge

(1892/5) Henri Marie

Raymond de

Toulouse-Lautrec

8. a) Listen to a

guide in an art

gallery talking

about At the

Moulin Rouge.

Answer the

questions:

1. What was

Moulin Rouge

famous for?

2. Who did

Toulouse-Lautrec in his painting & posters?

3. Which person is Toulouse-Lautrec?

4. Why do some people think he liked painting the dancers?

b) Listen again. Write the numbers of the people next to their

names.

1. Toulouse-Lautrec

2. His cousin Gabriel

3. His friend a photographer

4. Jane Avril, a dancer

5. La Macarona , a dancer

6. La Goulue, a singer

9. Follow-up Do the Quiz-Test

The questions to be answered

1. What was the title of the Monet’s Painting

that was criticized by a critic & that gave

the name for the art movement?

2. Who was that critic?

3. Continue the phrase by the critic about

Monet’s painting?

A preliminary drawing ……

4. When does the movement start? When was

the first exhibition held?

5. What are the periods of impressionist

movements?


34

Module 1 Part 1

Fauvism movement

6. What are the subjects of impressionist paintings?

1) ………… 2) ……………. 3) ……………… 4) …………….. 5)

……………..

7. What are the peculiarities of the impressionist techniques? Write a sentences to

each of the points to prove it?

1) ………………. 2) ………………….. 3) …………………… 4)

……..………..

8. What are the representatives of impressionist art movement?

1) ………………. 2) ………………….. 3) …………………… 4)

……..………..

9. What are the representatives of post-impressionist art movement?

1) ………………. 2) ………………….. 3) ……………………

10. What are the representatives of neo-impressionist art movement?

1) ………………. 2) …………………..

11. What are the other terms of neo-impressionist art movement?

1) ………………. 2) …………………..

12. What was the founding masterpiece of divisionism?

………………. ………………….. …………………………………….

13. Who prescribed standards for art that time?

14. What was the period for post impressionism art movement?

15. Did the post impressionism have a tremendous effect on future painting?

Fauvism movement

1. a) Look at the pictures below. Do the

pictures look appealing to you? Express your

way you see them. “React” to the paintings

with descriptive words


35

Henri Matisse (1869-

1954)The Open Window,

(oil on canvas, 1905)

Henri Matisse , Dance André Derain (1880-1954)

The Pool of London (oil on canvas,

1906)

b) Vocabulary1. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B


1. revolutionize

2. earn

3. issue

4. clumsy

5. arbitrary way

the name

style

to express oneself

the concept of colors

theoretical manifesto

6. form

7. pure

8. blobs of

9. go

10. the peak

colors

paint one’s separate &

personal way

a cohesive group

was over

c) Read the text& express your attitude to the

this style of painting. Answer the questions

below the text.

Fauvism (From 1905)

Between 1901 and 1906, several comprehensive

(всесторонний) exhibitions were held in Paris, making the work of

V.van Gogh, P.Gaugin, and P. Cezanne widely accessible for the

first time. For the painters who saw the achievements of these great

artists, the effect was liberation (освобождение) and they began to experiment with

radical new styles. Fauvism was the first movement of this modern period, in which

color ruled supreme. The advent (наступление) of Modernism is often dated by the

appearance of the Fauves in Paris at the Salon d’Automne in 1905.

So, we can say Fauvism in some ways grew out of the impressionism

movement that van Gogh was a part of & had a great influence on the fauvists. His


36

use of color affected Henri Matisse (whose Woman with a Hat is shown below) and

it affected Maurice de Vlaminck.

Fauvism is a movement in French painting that revolutionized the concept of

color in modern art. Fauves earned their name (‘les fauves’- ‘wild beasts’) by

shocking exhibit visitors on their first public appearance, in 1905. One art critic

(Louis Vauxcelles) compared the paintings to "fauves" which was French for ‘wild

beasts’. So, this term was coined by this art critic& then it was exploited (=used) by

other hostile critics. The paintings were

displayed in Room 7 which became known as the

"cage for the wild beasts." This art style became

known as Fauvism even though the Fauves never

used the term. The wild beast idea helped these

artists sell lots of paintings, which was grrrrrreat.

At the end of the nineteenth century, neo

Impressionist painters were already using pure

colors, but they applied those colors to their

canvases in small strokes. The fauves rejected

the impressionist palette of soft, shimmering

(мерцающий) tones in favor of radical new

style, full of violent color and bold

distortions(искажение).

They greatly admired van Gogh, who said

of his own work: “Instead of trying to render

what I see before me, I use color in a completely

arbitrary (произвольный) way to express myself

powerfully’’. The Fauvists carried this idea

further, translating their feelings into color with a

rough, almost clumsy style.

Mattisse was a dominant figure in the movement; other Fauvists included

Vlaminck, Derain, Marquet, and Rouault. However, These painters did not form a

cohesive [kəu'hiːsɪv ] (сплочённый) group& they never formed a movement in the

strict sense of the word, but for years they would nurse a shared ambition(цель),

before each went his separate and more personal way. And

by 1908 a number of painters had seceded(отделяться) to

Cubism.

The Fauves never issued a theoretical manifesto. By

the time Matisse wrote his "Notes of a Painter" in 1908, the

peak of Fauvism was over. Matisse himself moved from the

spontaneous and exuberant (яркий, пышный) use of color

that characterized Fauvism to a more decorative formalism.

By 1908 the movement had run its course and

many of the artists involved moved on to other styles. Georges Braque, for

instance, moved on to cubism. You can see this in the two paintings shown


37

below, Spared from the Storm (1906) and Houses at L’Estaque (1908). Look

at the change in style that happened in just two years! http://www.huntfor.com/absoluteig/matisse.htm

http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Art/fauvism.shtml

http://wwar.com/masters/movements/fauvism.

htmlhttp://www.towson.edu/~sisaacs/docs/StudyGuide.pdf, http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/tl/20th/fauvism.html,

http://arts.enotes.com/oxford-art-encyclopedia/fauvism

d) Answer the questions

1. What provoke fauvism as art movement?

2. What did they exhibit visitor by?

3. How did they earn their name?

4. Whose ideas did the fauvist carry further?

5. Did The Fauves issue a theoretical manifesto? Why?

6. What was the author’s attitude to the artist of this movement? Prove it.

e) Comment on:

‘If you like squeezing toothpaste out of a tube, you could have been an artist who

painted in the style of Fauvism. These excitable artists would have been

excellent in toothpaste commercials. They used bright blobs of paint right

out of the tube to create explosions on their canvases and in the world of

art’.http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Art/fauvism.shtml

f) Vocabulary2. Look through the text again & explain

the meaning of the words in bold.

Vocabulary3. Match the word with its definition

word definition

1. radical

2. manifesto

3. distort

4. reject

5. cohesion

6. exuberant

7. bold

8. ambition

9. secede to

10. strict

a) a public declaration of policy and aims, esp. one issued before an election

by a political party or candidate;

b) pull or twist out of shape;

c) refuse to agree to (a request);

d) the action or fact of forming a united whole;

e) characterized by departure from tradition; innovative or progressive;

f) filled with or characterized by a lively energy and excitement;

g) 1)(of a person or manner) so confident as to suggest a lack of shame or

modesty 2) (of a color or design) having a strong or vivid appearance;

h) a strong desire to do or to achieve something, typically requiring

determination and hard work;

i) withdraw formally from membership in a federal union, an alliance, or a

political or religious organization;

j) demanding that rules concerning behavior are obeyed and observed.




http://www.huntfor.com/absoluteig/matisse.htm


http://wwar.com/masters/movements/fauvism

http://www.towson.edu/~sisaacs/docs/StudyGuide.pdf

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/tl/20th/fauvism.html



38

noun verb adjective

distortion

reject

violent

accessible

admire

compare

Art techniques in fauvism art movement

2. Read the passage

below & say what their

idea of colors is.

Fauvists used exaggerated

colors when painting subjects.

In fact, color was the most

important aspect of a fauvist

painting, with the subject taking

a backseat. For example, when

painting a portrait of a woman

with very dark hair, a fauvist

might choose to use blue in the hair to show just how dark it was. He might use

yellow for the skin instead of a carefully mixed bronze. Shadows might be drawn in

greens and purples instead of grey.

Shown above is Andre Derain’s The Turning Road, L’Estaque. I love this

painting for the way Derain has taken the colors of the changing fall leaves and used

those colors throughout the painting, in the trees, the earth, and the people.

Main representatives of fauvism art movement

3. a) Vocabulary 1. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B


1. bold

2. intense

3. bizarre

4. profound

emotions

stokes of

colors

art

5. notable

6. brief

7. unselfconscious

8. give

use

adherent

flourishing

visual pleasure

How did they start their wild style?


39

He had studied the paintings of Vincent van

Gogh and other Post Impressionists. He then

decided that he wanted to do something

completely new and colorful. He admired van

Gogh, but he wanted to use more dramatic

colors. Matisse especially liked to use bold

strokes of blue, green, and red in his paintings to

show his intense emotions.

Henri Matisse painted one colorful picture

called Open

Window. He

painted it in a

small

Mediterranean fishing port in a village called Collioure

near the Spanish border. Matisse broke many rules in

this painting. The painting shows the view through a

small window. Little boats bob along on pink waves in

the distance. The sky is bright turquoise, pink, and

periwinkle. The reflections in the glass of the window

are blue-green and lavender. The walls are a vivid

shade of fuchsia. No wonder the art critics were

confused. No one had ever painted boats, skies, and

waves in such bizarre colors.

During its brief flourishing, Fauvism had some

notable adherents, including Rouault, Dufy, and Braque. Vlaminck had a touch of his

internal moods: even if The River (c. 1910; 60 x 73 cm (23 1/2 x 28 3/4 in)) looks at

peace, we feel a storm is coming. A self-professed “primitive”, he ignored the wealth

of art in the Louvre, preferring to collect the African masks that became so important

to early 20th-century art.

Derain also showed a primitive wildness in his Fauve

period- Charing Cross Bridge (1906; 80 x 100 cm (32 x 39

in)) bestrides a strangely tropical London-- though as he

aged he quenched (=put out) his fire to a classic calm. He

shared a studio with Vlaminck for a while and The River

and Charing Cross Bridge seem to share a vibrant power:

both reveal an unselfconscious use of color and shape, a

delight in the sheer patterning of things. This may not be

profound (=deep) art but it does give visual pleasure.

Although Fauvism was a short-lived movement, it was

influential; the German expressionists, particularly Wassily Kandinsky and Alexey

von Jawlensky in Munich, and the Die Brucke group in Dresden were heavily

indebted (обязанный, признательный) to it.

The Fauves represented the first break with the artistic traditions of the past. The

movement's emphasis on formal values and expressive use of color, line, and


40

brushwork helped liberate painting from the representational expectations that had

dominated Western art since the Renaissance. Fauvism was the first explosive 20th-

century art movement. http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Art/fauvism.shtml

http://wwar.com/masters/movements/fauvism. htmlhttp://www.towson.edu/~sisaacs/docs/StudyGuide.pdf,

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/tl/20th/fauvism.html,


b) Make up true of false sentences to the text

c)Vocabulary 2. Word formation. Fill in the chart. Make up


noun verb adjective

adherent

dominate

explosive

influential

emphasis

4.Watch the documentary by Alistair Sooke

about the titans of modern art that have

influenced the world we live in

now & discuss the questions in

class “Modern Art Panters –

Henri Matisse”.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIq-m_-clJw

1. What does the documentary start with?

2. What does the author of the documentary do?

3. What are the titans he was writing about? Why?

4. What was the first picture by Matisse he saw? What fascinated him?

5. How did Matisse begin his career? What provoked his interest in painting?

6. What was the question the author asked himself when he truly started talking

about Matisse’ background?

7. What were those words said by Matisse about: “Someone who is stumbling

about in the dark wood without the clear idea where he was heading“?

8. What did Collier (the town in the south of France) have to do with his work?

9. What does the color wheel have to do with Matisse?

10. Who started buying his pictures? Why?

11. Who were these words about “One madman paints them, another madman

buys them”?

12. How did his picture turn out to be housed at the Hermitage now? What are the

pictures there?







http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIq-m_-clJw

41

13. Who called his pictures decadent then? What happened to the pictures then?

14. What broke out that time? Where did he want to enlist? Why was he rejected?

15. Why does the author of the documentary made parallel talking about

“concubines and odalisques”?

16. Where did he go in 1940& why?

17. How did NewYork affect his works or ideas? What was he commissioned to

do in New York?

18. What was he diagnosed by? Where did he move? What was his art like there?

What style did he pioneer?

19. What is Miffi? Why is its making related to Matisse?

20. Stop the video & write down what the author said about his picture “Snail”

(47.50-48.58) . How did fashion desighner (Paul …) comment Matisse’s

works?

21. Why did Matisse set up a chapel?

22. Comment the documentary: was it unusual to watch? what makes it different

from other documentaries about art? What were the effects the author used to

make it interesting to watch?

b) Make a 2-minute speech “Matisse pioneered the modern

look”

Main representatives

5. Make a report about representatives of this

art movement. Mention a few details of his

biography, then comment on his paintings, after

that select one painting &analyze it profoundly

(=thoroughly) based on the appreciation

painting plan.

Henri Mattisse Andre Derain Raoul Dufy George Braque

Maurice de Vlaminck Albert Marque George Rou

6. a) A Forger’s Master class (ep-2). Watch the video &

express your opinion on the pictures the students were trying

to “forge”. Which one you liked or dislike most? Why?


b) Just for fun follow the steps &create your own painting or

picture in the style of the Fauves. Use crayons or paint or oil


42

sticks. Don’t use the actual color of what you see but be sure

to exaggerate the color. If the sky is light blue you might want

to use bright purple or green. Keep choosing bright colors and

use strong thick brush strokes or movements with your

crayon. Go Wild like the Fauves.

How to paint like a Wild Beast:

1. Start with Thumbnail Sketches: Using the plain sheet of paper , draw a grid

using the ruler and your pencil . Try to make even boxes (this can be prepared

for the child ahead of time, and even photocopied if you have multiple children

doing this project). I liketohaveatleast 20 squarestotal

2. Give a time limit to make all thumbnail sketches with a pencil . An example I

use: 90 seconds a box - so no sketch is over thought. Thumbnail sketches should

be based on any kind of landscape that the imagination can come up with

including, outerspace, parks, homes, farms, cities, another planet, etc.

3. Choose the most interesting thumbnail sketch and with a pencil , lightly sketch

the thumbnail sketch onto the Watercolor paper, filling the entire page with what

was in the thumbnail sketch box. (Depending on the size of the paper vs. the

box, you may have to make slight adjustments.)

4. Chooseyourpaintpalette.

5. After painting in your landscape, let it dry a bit and go back in with a small

brush and outline everything in black paint. This will help to tidy up the painting

and give it a consistant look.

Tips: Look for colors that are the opposite of

what you would normally choose. So, if

your grass is green, try painting it pink

instead. Clouds no longer have to be white,

try orange or green! Turn your landscape

upside down and wild with color !

Consider using lots of pinks, purples and

oranges - colors found in a vibrant sunset

Clean Up: Make sure to wash your brushes out

immediately after use so they'll last for many

more paintings to come. A moist rag with mild

detergent will clean up paint and pencil. Window

cleaner also cleans paint off of many surfaces. If you're making this project on nice

furniture, make sure to cover it first with plastic or newspaper.

And, remember: Art, like any other skill is a practice which gets better each time you

do it! http://lauraspector.hubpages.com/hub/Childrens-Fauvist-Paintings-Bring-Out-Their-Wild-Beast


http://lauraspector.hubpages.com/hub/Childrens-Fauvist-Paintings-Bring-Out-Their-Wild-Beast

43

7.Your vocabulary bank. Think up exercises & fun activities


contexts

1. accessible (access –n/v)

2. color ruled supreme.

3. revolutionize the concept of

color

4. earn their name

5. beasts

6. compared smth to smth

(comparison)

7. violent color (violence)

8. bold distortions (distort –v)

9. admire (admiration)

10. arbitrary way

11. to express oneself

12. rough

13. clumsy style.

14. be a dominant figure

15. the peak of Fauvism was

over.

16. form a cohesive group

(cohesion)

17. form a movement (v)

18. strict (adj)

19. ambition (ambitious)

20. secede to (v)

21. issue a theoretical

manifesto

22. exuberant (adj)

23. comprehensive exhibitions

24. the achievements of great

artists (achieve-v)

25. liberation (liberate-v)

26. experiment with radical

new styles (v/n)

27. The advent of Modernism

28. grow out of

29. affect smth

30. appearance (appear)

31. be exploited by

(exploitation-n)

32. hostile critics (hostility-n)

33. pure colors (purity)

34. palette of soft, shimmering

tones

35. render smth (v)

36. carry this idea further

37. translating their feelings

into color with a rough,

almost clumsy style.

38. be characterized by

39. run acourse

40. move on to other styles

8. Render the ideas

1. Первым в нашем столетии течением модернистского искусства считают фовизм.

2. Неукротимо яркие краски Ван Гога дали решающий толчок образованию нового

течения во французском искусстве.

3. Группа молодых живописцев во главе с Анри Матиссом стала употреблять чистые,

звучные цвета, сильные и размашистые мазки, порывисто брошенные на холст пятна

краски, смелые для своего времени искажения форм.

4. Такой способ письма и трактовка цвета были для публики столь чужды и

непривычны, что художников этой группировки стали называть «фовистами» (от

французского слова «fauve», что значит «хищник»). Отсюда и название течения

«фовизм».

5. Однако фовисты вовсе не ставили перед собой цель точно изображать природу. Они

хотели сделать видимыми для глаза и такие вещи, которых на самом деле увидеть

нельзя, например, те чувства и настроения, которые возникают у художника при

созерцании природы. Главным средством выражения они избрали цвет.

6. Хотя в момент своего появления фовизм был встречен холодно, теперь, спустя

десятилетия, мы научились видеть те положительные качества, которые он нёс в себе

— поиски своеобразной красоты и гармонии, стремление доставить зрителю радость

и художественное наслаждение.

7. Подлинное пиршество красок представляет собою живопись Андре Дерена (1880—

1954) и Мориса де Вламинка (1876—1958). Они не стремились к точной передаче

деталей или верности цвета. Нежно-зеленые стволы и ярко-красные кроны деревьев,

жёлтая речная вода, ядовито зелёные мостовые — обычное дело в их картинах.

8. Рауль Дюфи (1877— 1953) писал лёгкими и беспокойными мазками; изображения

концертов и завораживающе голубые виды Средиземного моря исполнены им с

неповторимой элегантностью.

9. Картины Альбера Марке (1875—1947) легко узнать по сдержанной красочной гамме и

чётким очертаниям предметов, нанесённым уверенной рукой. Марке любил корабли


44

и матово поблескивающие поверхности воды. Он часто писал гавани под хмурыми

небесами или утопающие в густом

зимнем тумане парижские набережные.

10. Вождём группировки фовистовбыл Анри

Матисс (1869—1954), впоследствии

видный общественный деятель и борец

за мир. Хотя в молодые годы он был

непрочьподразнить публику

неожиданными выходками, в ходе

своего долгого творческого пути он

развивался в совсем другом

направлении.

11. Матисс был многогранным художником,

который сказал своё слово и в других

областях искусства, например, в

оформлении интерьера,

иллюстрировании книги и даже в

скульптуре. http://sv-modernizm.narod.ru/fovism.html

6. Follow-up Make up the Quiz-Test about

this art movement


…………………………….……………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Анри Матисс"Десерт.Гармония в красном"


45

Module 3 Part 1

Cubism

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………….

Cubism

1. a) Look at the pictures below. Can you

recognize the style? What are the striking

differences?

George Braque Philip Absolon. Cassie Thinking About

Cubism

Picasso, theweeping woman (femme en

pleurs)


parts in Column B


1. fractured 2. hard to

3. relate

4. display

5. take the idea

Visualize

further

the approach to multiple shots of

movement

pieces

6. begin the move

7. geometric

8. flatten

9. tangible

10. musical

11. to the point of

collages

angles and shapes

the picture

two-dimensionality

to look at

sense of movement

c) Transcribe the following words in the space aside. Pay

attention to the way the stress is placed.

dimensionality ………………………… collage ………………………… guitar

……………………… cube ………………tangible …………………..

Egyptians…………………….. extremely …………….. multiple …………………

visualize …………………. geometric……………………. image ……………….


46

What is Cubism?

Cubism was the first 'abstract' art style. In the early 1900s, some artists became

interested in African and Native American art. The styles

of those cultures inspired cubism.

The Cubists tried to create a new way of seeing

things in art. Many of their subjects, be they people or

landscapes, were represented as combinations of basic

geometric shapes - sometimes showing multiple

viewpoints of a particular image. This approach was

related more to the way we

see images in our 'minds-

eye' rather than in real life,

that is if we close our eyes

and try to see an image,

perhaps of a friend or a

family member, it is often

hard to visualise the

'whole' image - we usually see parts or fractured

pieces. Cubist pictures are therefore often described as

looking like pieces of fractured glass.

The cubists were influenced most by the art of the

Post Impressionist painter Paul Cézanne. Picasso

described Cézanne as 'the father of us all'. It was Cézanne who began the move to

look at the basic shapes in nature.

Cubism is full of geometric angles and shapes, and the picture itself it

flattened almost to the point of two-dimensionality. The piece will usually have a

tangible sense of movement. The artwork is not meant to be realistic; it displays

multiple shots of movement or viewpoints in one

painting.

And that’s exactly what the cubists had in

mind. Just like the ancient Egyptians, cubists

wanted to show the most important parts of the

things they painted. Look at the face in Juan Gris'

Portrait of Picasso (aside). Gris shows you every

detail of Picasso's face even though you would

never be able to see all sides of his face at the same

time. The cubists took this idea much further than

the ancient Egyptians, of course. Cubists wanted to

show all the sides of an object in the same picture.

Some cubist paintings were extremely

abstract. In Picasso’s The Guitar Player (above), it

is difficult to see the person in the painting.


47

At first, cubists used very little color in their paintings. They used mostly

browns, greys, and blues. In 1912, color re-entered the picture and some

artists, like Picasso, began using more than just paint and canvas in their art.

You may remember reading about Picasso’s musical collages in which he used

paper and cloth in his paintings.

http://artsmarts4kids.blogspot.com/2008/09/cubism.html

d) Make up questions to the text.

1. What inspired this art movement?

2. What was the cubist was related to?

3. What are artist are the dominant figures here?

4. Who was Picasso influenced by & why? (presuppose)

5. How was the cubist idea to paint compared with Egyptian techniques?

6. Did they use much color in there painting?

f) Vocabulary2. Look through the text again & explain the

meaning of the words in bold.


word definition

1. tangible

2. dimension

3. collage

4. multiple

5. viewpoint

6. approach

a) a way of dealing with something;

b) a form of art in which various materials such as photographs and pieces of

paper or fabric are arranged and stuck to a backing;

c) having or involving several parts, elements, or members;

d) perceptible by touch;

e) a measurable extent of some kind, such as length, breadth, depth, or

height;

f) a particular attitude or way of considering a matter.

2. a) Look at the picture of George Braque. Express your

opinion of the picture.

b) Watch the video file & compare your idea with the idea of

an art expert(Michal Taylor, the curator of avant-garde

exhibition in Paris).

3. Watch another video about a collage by Juan Gris ( a

Spanish cubist artist) & say as much as you can about it


48

4.Write out of the text the vocabulary that strongly related to

this art movement, bring in a cubist picture & act out a

lecture of an ‘arrogant’ art expert where he /she explains how

to understand & appreciate this art style.

5.4.Watch the

documentary by

Alistair Sooke called

‘Modern Masters-

Pablo Picasso’

&about the titans of modern art that

have influenced the world we live in now

& discuss the questions in class.

b) Watch the conversation at the art gallery at the Picasso

show where Andrew and Lauren are discussing his works.

What ideas did they speculate about?

6. Main representatives

Make a report about representatives of this art

movement. Mention a few details of the artist’s

biography, then comment on his paintings, after

that select one painting &analyze it profoundly

(=thoroughly) based on the appreciation

painting plan.

Juan Gris George Braque Rober Delore, etc.

7. a) A Forger’s Master class (ep-6).

Watch the video & express your opinion

on the pictures the students were trying

to “forge”. Which one did you liked or

dislike most? Why?



49

b) How to Make Cubism Art. Let’s draw a cubist portrait.

Read the instruction & make the picture of your own in this art

style.

Many 3rd graders in California learn that Picasso’s cubism was about seeing two

sides of something at the same time. Here is a breakdown of steps that I use, which I

hope are helpful.

1. Take a 9" x 12" piece of black construction paper. Fold the paper in half vertically

so you have a middle line. Then you are to make a light pencil mark in the middle,

and then in the middle of each of those sections as in Diagram 1.

2. A profile line is drawn down the middle, with the top of the nose hitting the top

quarter mark, the bottom of the nose hitting the middle mark, and the bottom of the

chin hitting the bottom quarter mark. The chin ends as a curve up and the neck line is

added as in Diagram 2.

3. Profile features are added as shown in Diagram 3.

4. The face is completed with frontal view features. The chin and neck lines are

added to symmetrically match the right side as in Diagram 4.

5. After the pencil drawing is complete, the lines are traced with a black oil pastel,

making the lines very fat. All the shapes are then filled in. Encourage the use of

unusual colors.

http://www.ehow.com/how_5214911_make-cubism-art.html



contexts

1. fractured pieces (to fracture smth into pieces)

2. hard to visualize the

‘whole’ image

3. relate the approach to

4. display multiple shots of

movement

5. geometric angles and

shapes

6. to flatten the picture

7. see a tangible sense of

movement

8. musical collages

9. Guitar

10. became interested in

11. inspire cubism (inspiration

–n)

12. create a new way of seeing

things in art (creative -adj/

creation -n)

13. approach (smth) (v / n -

approach to smth) 14. we see images in our

'minds-eye'

15. two-dimensionality

(dimension –n /

dimentional –adj).

16. Be meant to be realistic;

17. the ancient Egyptians

18. begin the move to look at

the basic shapes in the

nature

19. The cubists took this idea

much further

20. Be extremely abstract

21. See all sides of the face at

the same time

22. Be represented as

combination of geometric

shapes

23. Re-enter the picture

24. 3-graders

25. show multiple viewpoints

of

26. particular

27. image


50

Module 4 Part 1

Futurism

8. Render the ideas below.

9. Follow-up Do the Quiz-Test on this art

movement.

1. Cubism was ……………………………… a) founded by

Pablo Picasso; b) founded by George Braque; c) the joint

invention of two men, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque;

2. What year was it founded? a) 1909; b) 1907; c) 1912;

3. How many phases are there in cubism? a) 3 ; b) 2 ; c) 4;

4. What is considered to be a proto cubist work? a) Dream City by Paul Klee;

b) Les Demaoiselles d’Avignon; c) Gernica by Pablo Picasso; d) Houses at

L’Etaque by Georges Braque in 1908;

5. What were Pablo Picasso & other artist intrigued and inspired by? a) ancient

Egyptian art ; b) the stark power and simplicity of styles of African & native

American cultures; c) ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ;

6. Who did Picasso mean when he said: “He is the father of us all”? a) Gaugin ;

b) Braque ; c) Cezanne; Add your own questions for futurist art quiz

7. ………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

8. ………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

9. ………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

10. ………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

Futurism

1. a) Look at the pictures below. Can you

recognize the style? What are the striking

differences?


51

Elasticity1912by Umberto Boccioni Marinetti Depero 1919


parts in Column B

Column A Column B Column A Column B 1. be launched

2. the reason is not

3. dynamism of

4. major

5. aesthetic

6. cosign (v)

7. destroy (v)

8. emerge (v) 9. push the spectator

exponents

in Italy

force

the manifesto the modern world

the boundaries

to move

from

taken seriously

10. factors contributed to

11. be politically

12. be viewed as a

13. be plain

14. become

15. initial spark

16. flout (v)

17. be marked by

the rise of futurism

second arte

travesty, incongruity

off-shoot of cubism

was gone

values

commonplace

backwards

b2) Transcribe the following the words and phrases

cosign …………………… initial ………….. aesthetic ………………………..

occur ………………… automobile ……………..

с) Read the text & express your attitude to the this style of

painting. Make up the questions after the text.

What is Futurism?

Futurism was developed as an avant-garde art movement in the early 20th

century in Italy, where artists sought to infuse modern art with the vitality, energy,

violence and motion of the machine world.

Futurism was an avant-garde movement which was launched in Italy, in 1909,

although parallel movements arose in Russia and elsewhere. It was one of the first

important modern art movements not centred in Paris - one reason why it is not taken


http://www.artinthepicture.com/artists/Umberto_Boccioni/elasticity.jp

52

seriously in France. Futurism exalted the dynamism of the modern world, especially

its science and technology. Futurist ideology influenced all types of art. It began in

literature but spread to every medium, including painting, sculpture, industrial design,

architecture, cinema and music. However, most of its major exponents were painters.

It ceased (=stop) to be an aesthetic force in 1915, shortly after the start of the First

World War, but lingered in Italy until the 1930s.

Futurism as an Italian movement came to the forefront of European art in 1909

when Filippo Tommaso Marinetti published the Founding and Manifesto of

Futurism. At the Time, Marinetti was the only member of the movement, but within a

year artists such as Giocomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, and Gino Severini had joined

when they cosigned The Manifesto of Futurist Painting.

Several factors contributed to the rise of Futurism. Having formed barely more

than fifty years prior, Italy was politically and socially backwards when compared

with the rest of Europe. The Futurists desperately wanted to bring Italy into the 20th

century, no matter what it took.

Artistically, Futurism is often viewed as an offshoot of Cubism. Balla's,

Boccioni's, and Severini's use of hard lines and geometric shapes that characterized

early Futurism is closely related to the Cubist movement. How the Futurists explored

speed, light, and movement, however, was very original.

Futurism can be divided into two phases, and five areas of experimentation.

The first phase occurred during the early 1910s, and is considered the "analytical"

phase. This phase was based in artistic experimentation. The second phase occurred

during the latter half of the 1910s and was dubbed the "synthetic" phase. It is during

this phase that some of the most innovative Futurist work was done.

Almost as soon as futurism was born, it began to die. With the onset of World War

One, many Futurists joined the Italian Army. Many, including Boccioni, were killed.

After the war, many "Futurists" joined the movement. However, "many were copyists

or just plain second rate." (www.futurism.org.uk). The movement's initial spark was

gone. Much of what was new during the beginning of the century, such as

automobiles and airplanes, had become commonplace.

A few new movements emerged from the ashes of Futurism. A so-called

"Second Futurism," again with Marinetti at the forefront. Dada was a reaction against

the war and the Futurists and flouted conventional aesthetic and cultural values by

producing works marked by nonsense, travesty, and incongruity.

to sum it up, let’s say: The Futurist painters were searching for new visual

approaches to express the typical character of modern time, especially in the modern

city. The movements and speed of trams, cars and the people in the cities was for

them the challenge to visualize in a way that the spectator on his turn could

experience this.

They went even further than that. Futurist painters wanted to pull the

spectator in the painting, you could say. They didn't accept the distance between the

art and the spectator any more, and this was their vivid critic on Cubism. the Futurist

wanted to push the spectator to move.

Another important aspect of Futurism was the new sensing that everything in

the world is connected and mixed. They wanted to destroy the boundaries between


53

things which kept them too separated. Here a quote of Boccioni and other painters:

"The sixteen people around you in a rolling omnibus are in turn and at the

same time one, ten, four, three; they are motionless and they change places; they

come and go, bound into the street, are suddenly swallowed up by the sunshine, then

come back and sit before you., like persistent symbols of universal vibration. How

often have we not seen upon the cheek of the person with whom we are talking the

horse which we passes at the end of the street. from 'Manifesto of Futurist Painters', Boccioni, Carrà, Russolo, 1912;

as quoted in "Futurism", ed. By Didier Ottinger; Centre Pompidou / 5 Continents Editions, Milan,

2008, p. 146 http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Futurism_art

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/arts/scultpureplastic/SculptureHistory/European20thCentury/Futuristsculpture/WhatisFuturism/WhatisFuturism.

htm

d) Make up questions:

1. Where was the art movement launched? Why?

2. Why was it taken seriously?

3. What was the idea of this art movement?

4. What were the two phases?

5. How long was it burning? Why did cease to be an aesthetic force?

6. What new movements emerged from Futurism?

e) Vocabulary 2. Look through the text again & explain the


Vocabulary 3. Match the word with its definition

word definition

1. commonplace

2. cease

3. spark

4. travesty

5. incongruent

6. explore

7. occur

8. linger

9. exalt

10. flout

11. phase

a) come to an end;

b) stay in a place longer than necessary, typically because of a reluctance to

leave;

c) happen; take place;

d) a light produced by a sudden disruptive electrical discharge through the

air;

e) raise to a higher rank or a position of greater power;

f) a false, absurd, or distorted representation of something;

g) incongruous; incompatible;

h) openly disregard (a rule, law or convention);

i) a distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part of

something's development;

j) inquire into or discuss (a subject or issue) in detail;

k) not unusual; ordinary, not interesting or original; trite;

Vocabulary 4. Word formation. Fill in the chart. Make up


noun verb adjective

cease


http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Futurism_art

54

cosign

challenge

incongruity

emerge

2. Watch the Video file 1 The idea of futurism & do the

exercises below.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZHpmJvU7sM

a) Vocabulary 1. Get familiar with vocabulary taken from the

video. Match the English words with their equivalents in

Russian.

politically-charged rejuvenation

abandon (doing) lack of

menswear glorify war cure (n/v)

revolt (v) in demolish (v) be solely

confined to be reminiscent of dog

on a leash be judged by anarchist

scorn (n) (for women) be badly

wounded traumatize esteem n chaotic

vulnerable winged advent of

armored bullet obscurity

уязвимый, прославлять войну, собака

на поводке, презирать (женщин), быть

сильно раненным, судить, недостаток,

омоложение, лечение, разрушить,

мужская одежда, анархист, наступление

(периода), напоминать, оценка, бунт

(восстание), политический, перестать

делать , ограничиваться чем-то,

травмировать

Vocabulary 2.

anarchist ............................... vulnerable ………………. wounded ………………

chaos ………………….. chaotic …………………….. solely ………………..

advent …………………. trauma …………………. traumatize ……………….

obscurity ………………..

Vocabulary 3. Match the words & definitions.

1. traumatize

2. chaos

3. vulnerable

4. scorn

5. demolish

6. reminiscent

7. leash

8. revolt

9. cure

10. abandon

11. glorify

a) complete disorder and confusion;

b) pull or knock down (a building);

c) susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm;

d) tending to remind one of something;

e) the feeling or belief that someone or something is worthless;

f) relieve (a person or animal) of the symptoms of a disease or condition;

g) give up completely (a course of action, a practice, or a way of thinking);

h) a strap or cord for restraining and guiding a dog or other animal;

i) rise in rebellion;

j) (describe or represent as admirable, esp. unjustifiably or undeservedly)

(or reveal or make clearer the glory of (God) by one's actions);

k) cause physical injury to;

l) (of a space) restricted in area or volume; cramped.

Make up sentences with the words.


55

b) Watch the video & answer the questions:

1. How can futurism be seen? When & how did it start? What did the futurist

fight for?

2. Was it solely confined to visual arts? What idea did the futurist cook book

manifest?

3. What was the main point of the Marinetti’s Manifesto? Quote the idea.

4. What was Marinetti awarded in the war?

5. Why didn’t Gino Severini take part in the war? Comment on the idea of his

picture “Armored train in action”. What was Severini’s fighting symbol for?

Gino Severini Armored Train in

Action 1915

Umberto Boccioni The City Rises 1910 Luigi Russolo revolt

6. Comment on the picture by Boccioni “The city rises”. What color is dominant

? Why?

7. Who is Luidgi Russolo? Why was he mentioned in the video?

8. What was the Louvre center of? What does it praise? What did it have to do

with futurists?Why did they mention Winged Victory of Samothrace, one of

the best-known ancient Greek statues?

Abstract Speed - The Car Has Passed Giacomo Balla, 1913

Giacomo Balla, Dynamism_of_dog 1912 Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms

of Continuity in Space (1913)

9. Comment on the pictures by Giacomo Balla “The car has passed” and

“Dynamism of the dog”

10. To sum it up “what were the futurist concerned with in comparison with

impressionists, expressionists and cubists?”


http://www.google.ru/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=boccioni&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=wqEzi2Aa1w9HPM&tbnid=gmwtCKjkgOeGZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://theendofbeing.com/?attachment_id=11182&ei=-KxWUbL-KI-K4gS-4YGADA&bvm=bv.44442042,d.bGE&psig=AFQjCNGyaq81_Et5lQ3cLrx4QGp9E35P-g&ust=1364721254959452

http://www.google.ru/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=severini%20er&source=images&cd=&docid=en58vO1eIw7JkM&tbnid=xdJKjVOy2K4FQM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wahooart.com/@@/8XY4RB-Gino-Severini-Memories-of-Travel&ei=Ya5WUYPZNsKA4gSU2YDACw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.bGE&psig=AFQjCNFeyc4N6npx6vZKa2kMBY1KXV7P7w&ust=1364721120311875

http://www.google.ru/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=balla+futurism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ZeKEFwCcTv2ulM&tbnid=vY8Pd51TCKUmDM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.trindera.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Year%2010%20&%2011/giacomo_balla.htm&ei=_LNWUfe3M4X64QS5i4HACw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.bGE&psig=AFQjCNEjbzdBS6WBzBnQgeA5TjYNklEqhg&ust=1364723000141982

http://www.google.ru/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=photo+futurism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=9U_xRwuJIAMugM&tbnid=xTP0R0Y0UOAmoM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism&ei=ZLdWUfX8Acb04QTGr4CYBA&bvm=bv.44442042,d.bGE&psig=AFQjCNFEwuHfEHx_xwLMA9ONjGm3SoAmjA&ust=1364723886399091

56

11. What made the group unpopular? What happened to most active futurists?

c) Watch again & restore the context for the vocabulary taken

from the video.

Vocabulary 4. Part 1 Match the beginning & ending of the

phrases

Politically charged

The movement sought for the

rejuvenation of Italy

It wasn’t solely confined

Eating Italian pasta

We want to glorify war

They were killed or traumatized

Armored

Esteem of disorder was reminiscent of

The winged

Demolish

through radical progression

the only cure for the world

with exception of Marinetti

train

caused a lack of passion

to visual arts

museums and libraries

classical depiction of heaven

victory of Samothrace

aggressive art movement

Part 2 Restore the context for the rest of the vocabulary

(Additional activity: 1) Video file 1.2. Bernstein -- Marinetti's

Futurist Manifesto (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJNlaDkCXZA)

3. Video file 3. Futurism

exhibition at Tate Modern

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EswQIW_Qfgs

Main Representatives

4. Bring in any futurist painting & analyze the technique / the

idea proving the message carried in the text above. Comment

on the biographies of the artists.

Umberto Boccioni Gino Severini Giacomo Balla Luidgi Russolo, etc

5. Videofile 3. Go to you YouTube & Watch the

artistic performance called “Футуродрама Маринетти”

and express your opinion of it.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNFQACrBi-Q


57

6. Videofile 4. a) Russian futurism in literature” (Pусский

футуризм в литературе).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S89DFWUGtGM

b) Футуристы

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIZCaW8jPvI

Go to you YouTube & Watch the videos. Make a report on:

What was futurism like in Russia? And Who are the

representatives?”



contexts.

1. be launched

2. be centered

3. be not taken seriously

4. exalt the dynamism of

the modern world

5. spread to every

medium

6. exponents

7. cease to be an aesthetic

force

8. shortly

9. linger

10. come to the forefront

of European art

11. cosign

12. contribute to the rise of Futurism

13. this was their vivid

critic on

14. push the spectator to

move

15. sense that

16. be separated

17. vitality

18. barely

19. be politically and

socially backwards

20. be compared with the

rest of Europe

21. desperately want

22. Artistically,

23. Be viewed as an

offshoot of Cubism

24. be closely related to

25. explore smth

26. be divided into two

phases

27. occur

28. be dubbed

29. With the onset of

World War One

30. join the Army

31. be copyists

32. challenge (challenging)

33. be just plain second

rate

34. to infuse art with

35. initial

36. spark was gone

37. automobiles

38. become commonplace.

39. emerge from the ashes

of

40. with smb at the

forefront

41. flout conventional

aesthetic and cultural

values

42. be marked by

43. nonsense / travesty

44. incongruity.

45. to express the typical

character of modern

time

46. pull the spectator in the

painting

47. accept the distance

between the art and the

spectator

48. a quote

49. motion (motionless)

Video 1

1. politically-charged

2. rejuvenation

3. abandon (doing)

4. lack of

5. menswear

6. glorify war

7. cure (n/v)

8. revolt (v) in

9. demolish (v)

10. be solely confined to

be reminiscent of

11. dog on a leash

12. be judged by

13. chaotic

14. vulnerable

15. winged

16. anarchist

17. scorn (n) (for women)

18. be badly wounded

19. traumatize

20. esteem n

21. advent of

22. armored bullet

23. obscurity


58

8. a) Read the ideas how to create the futurist painting. Can

you add something?

How to Make a Picture Look Futuristic

By Andre Zollars, eHow Contributor| updated June 08, 2011

Creating a futuristic scene means paying attention to

the details.

There are many different mediums that artists use when

creating pictures. Watercolors, oils, charcoals and pastels

are some of the more traditional forms. Many artists now,

also create pictures on the computer using image editing

programs. No matter which medium is used, however, the

clue to the picture's setting can always be found in the

details.

Instructions

1. Add color to your scene that gives it a futuristic

feel. If it is a space scene you can use deep blues, and if it is a scene on another planet

you can give the sky a red or greenish hue. Just about any color can be futuristic if

used in an unexpected way or when given an unusual intensity.

2. Create unexpected texture to elements of the picture. Make a night sky

futuristic by adding swirls of black and silver, copper or deep blue. Create a

landscape that could only be found on another planet or another time by making it

unseemingly smooth or unbelievably course, like nothing seen on earth.

3. Use lighting to give a futuristic aura to the picture. Use natural elements to

project the light in the picture, like stars, moons or suns. Contrast adds to the intrigue

when you add sunlight with a visible moon, include two suns or backlight several

unexpected planets. Indoor scenes can also have unusual lighting which can create a

somber or cheerful tone.

4. Add objects that are not from the present. These can range from small details in

interior scenes to larger, more obvious objects in larger outdoor scenes. Include

building designs that are not seen in present times. Features such as spacecraft or

unique clothing on the individuals in your scenes will highlight that the scene is set in

the future.

5. Review your picture when you're done and have a friend critique it as well.

Make a list of the things you've added which you feel have given it a futuristic feel.

Ask your friend to do the same. Also, try to spot anything that detracts from the

futuristic feel and get rid of it.

http://www.ehow.com/how_8561442_make-picture-look-futuristic.html


59

b) Try to produce a piece of art after some painters you liked

from futurist art style. Watch the videos about futurist artists

(on the YouTube). Take it into account that your work is not

supposed to be skillful & professional. Try your best & have

fun with the paints & the brush and the idea.

Italian Futurism Tribute (video file 6.1) : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GLFnexueIg

Painting Movements- Part XII Futurism.wmv (video file 6.2) :

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6h46uxivLQo

Gino Severini (video file 6.3) : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNpezchRqJU

Umberto Boccioni (video file 6.4) : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVSwPysbpn8 Fortunato Depero (video file 6.5.) : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebtXAKl4J6I


1. Футуризм как течение в отечественной поэзии возник отнюдь не в России. Это

явление целиком привнесенное с Запада, где оно зародилось и было теоретически

обосновано.

2. Родиной нового модернистского движения была Италия, а главным идеологом

итальянского и мирового футуризма стал известный литератор Филиппо Томмазо

Маринетти (1876-1944), выступивший 20 февраля 1909 года с первым «Манифестом

футуризма», в котором была заявлена «антикультурная, антиэстетическая и

антифилософская» его направленность.

3. В принципе, любое модернистское течение в искусстве утверждало себя путем отказа

от старых норм, канонов, традиций.

4. Однако футуризм отличался в этом плане крайне экстремистской направленностью.

5. Это течение претендовало на построение нового искусства — «искусства будущего»,

выступая под лозунгом нигилистического отрицания всего предшествующего

художественного опыта.

6. Маринетти провозгласил «всемирно историческую задачу футуризма», которая

заключалась в том, чтобы «ежедневно плевать на алтарь искусства».

7. Футуристы проповедовали разрушение форм и условностей искусства ради слияния

его с ускоренным жизненным процессом XX века. Для них характерно преклонение

перед действием, движением, скоростью, силой и агрессией; возвеличивание себя и

презрение к слабому; утверждался приоритет силы, упоение войной и разрушением.

8. В этом плане футуризм по своей идеологии был очень близок как правым, так и

левым радикалам: анархистам, фашистам, коммунистам, ориентированным на

революционное ниспровержение прошлого.

9. Слова футуристических произведений полностью освобождались от жестких рамок

синтаксических периодов, от пут логических связей. Они свободно располагались в

пространстве страницы, отвергая нормативы линейного письма и образуя

декоративные арабески или разыгрывая целые драматические сцены, построенные по

аналогии между формой буквы и какой-либо фигурой реальности: гор, людей, птиц и

т. д. Таким образом, слова превращались в визуальные знаки.

10. Заключительный, одиннадцатый пункт «Технического манифеста итальянской

литературы» провозглашал один из важнейших постулатов новой поэтической

концепции: «уничтожить Я в литературе».

11. «Человек, совершенно испорченный библиотекой и музеем <...> не представляет

больше абсолютно никакого интереса… Нас интересует твердость стальной

пластинки сама по себе, то есть непонятный и нечеловеческий союз ее молекул и


60

Module 5 Part 1

Expressionism

электронов… Теплота куска железа или дерева отныне более волнует нас, чем улыбка

или слеза женщины».

12. Текст манифеста вызвал бурную реакцию и положил начало новому «жанру», внеся в

художественную жизнь возбуждающий элемент — кулачный удар. Теперь

поднимающийся на сцену поэт стал всеми возможными способами эпатировать

публику: оскорблять, провоцировать, призывать к

мятежу и насилию.

http://slova.org.ru/n/futurizm/

Follow-up Quiz-Test

Make up your own quiz of this art

movement


…………………………………………………………………………………………

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Expressionism movement

1. a) Look at the pictures below. What do they

have in common? Do the pictures look

appealing to you?


61

Edvard Munch The scream 1892

EMILE NOLDE (1867-1956) 'Crucifixion', 1912 (oil on canvas)

ERNST LUDWIG KIRCHNER (1880-1938) 'Davos under Snow', 1923 (oil on canvas)

b1) Vocabulary. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B


1. emphazise

2. emotional

3. distort

4. events arouse

5. impose artist's

6. achieve

subjective emotions

reality

emotions in smb sensibility to the world's

representation

expression

intensity

angst

7. profoundly

8. culturally

9. revelation of

10. express intense

11. sense of

12. gain

13. heightened

turbulent era of

isolation

emotional state

significance

problematic

feelings to the world

problems

*Consult the dictionary how these words are pronounced.

Transcribe the words in the space aside. Pay attention to the

way the stress is placed

angst …………………… heighten ………….. profound……………………..

turbulent …………………… accomplish ……………… jarring …………….

c1) Watch the video file 1 called “Expressionism” to get pre-

knowledge of this art movement

c2) Read the text & express your understanding & your

attitude to the this style of painting. Answer the questions

after the texts. Explain the meaning of the words in bold.

The spirit of expressionism movement


62

Expressionism developed during the late

19th and early 20th centuries. Expressionism

was opposed to academic standards that had

prevailed in Europe and emphasized artist's

subjective emotion. Expressionist artist

distorted&exaggerated reality for an emotional

effect. The term often implies emotional angst.

In a general sense, painters such as Matthias

Grunwald and El Greco can be called

expressionist, though in practice, the term is

applied mainly to 20th century works.

Expressionist tries to depict not objective

reality but rather the subjective emotions and

responses that objects and events arouse in him.

He accomplishes his aim through distortion,

exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and

through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic

application of formal elements.

Unlike Impressionism, its goals were not

to reproduce the impression suggested by the

surrounding world, but to strongly impose the

artist's own sensibility to the world's

representation. The expressionist artist

substitutes to the visual object reality his own image of this object, which he feels as

an accurate representation of its real meaning. The search of harmony and forms is

not as important as trying to achieve the highest expression intensity, both from the

aesthetic point of view and according to idea and human critics.

Expressionism assessed itself mostly in Germany, in 1910. As an international

movement, expressionism has also been thought of as inheriting from certain

medieval artforms and, more directly, Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh and the fauvism

movement.

The most well known German expressionists are Max Beckmann, Otto Dix,

Lionel Feininger, George Grosz, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, August Macke, Emil Nolde,

Max Pechstein; the Austrian Oskar Kokoschka, the Czech Alfred Kubin and the

Norvegian Edvard Munch are also related to this movement. During his stay in

Germany, the Russian Kandinsky was also an expressionism addict.

The expressionistic tradition was significantly rose to the emergence with a

series of paintings of Dutch painter Vincent van

Gogh from the last year and a half of his life.

There was recorded his heightened emotional

state. One of the earliest and most famous

examples of Expressionism is Gogh's "The Starry

Night." Whatever was cause, it cannot be denied

that a great many artists of this period assumed


63

that the chief function of art was to express their intense feelings to the world.

The Belgian painter and printmaker James Ensor was such an artist - with his

sense of isolation. The Norwegian painter and printmaker Edvard Munch dealt - with

different fears.

The Vienesse painters Oskar Kokoschka and EgonSchiele first started with

their expressionistic styles within Klimt's circle of the Vienna Secession. Vienesse

Expressionism later gained significance between years 1905 and 1918 during a

politically and culturally turbulent era of revelation of the profoundly problematic

conditions of the turn-of-the-century Europe.

In the years just around 1910 the expressionistic approach pioneered by Ensor,

Munch, and van Gogh, in particular, was developed in the work of three artists'

groups: the Fauves, Die Brucke (The Bridge) , Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider).

http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/C20th/expressionism.htm

d) Answer the questions:

1. Why can Matthias Grunwald and El Greco be called expressionist? 2. Why did the expressionist distort & exaggerate reality? 3. How did they accomplish their aim? 4. How did Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh influence this art movement? 5. Where did expressionism assessed itself? 6. What is the chief function of this art? 7. When did it gain significance?

e) Vocabulary2. Look through the text again & explain the


Vocabulary3. Write out the definitions of the words aside

from a reference book & put them in the chart at random. Let

your groupmates match the words with their definition.

word definition

1. jarring

2. angst

3. impose (v)

4. substitute

(v)

5. inherit

6. isolation

l)




64

noun verb adjective

exaggerate

revelation

emphasize

intensity

assess

3. a) Watch the video lecture (video file

1.2) on what expressionism is by BBL

Ep4 “German Expressionism”.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m20td2mb_Ww

Get familiar with the vocabulary from

the video. Matcht he English phrases with their equivalents in

Russian.

tackle snorky be a culture vulture guttural feelings (gut) be an apple pie


1. Why did she say it was hard to talk about it ( from the historical viewpoint)?

2. What was Die Brucke? What was the meaning?

3. What were the paintings she was talking about? How did she illustrate the key

moments of expressionism/

b) Watch the video file 1 called “Expressionism” in c1) and

the fill in the chart about the leading figures of expressionism

Aleksei von

Jawlensky

James Ensor

Edvard

Munch

August

Macke


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m20td2mb_Ww

65

Max

Pechstein

Alfred

Kubin

Oskar

Kokoshka

4. Watch two BBC art documentary series “Private life of a

master piece” to get more understanding of this kind of artand

somefavorites Gustave Klimt & Edvard Munch

a) Gustave Klimt

“The kiss”

http://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=fY_T3vrGpgU

b) Edward Munch

“Scream”


atch?v=OtOUg1gyanw

c) Post-Impressionist Edvard Munch

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B_grbP514k

d) Edward Munch

“Scream”


atch?v=OtOUg1gyanw


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B_grbP514k

66

5.“Degenerate Art” (Entartete Kunst)

a) Watch the documentary “Degenerate Art” - 1993, The Nazis

vs. Expressionism”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QE4Ld1mkoM

The years 1927-37 were critical for artists in

Germany. In 1927, the National Socialist Society for

German Culture was formed. The aim of this

organization was to halt the "corruption of art" and

inform the people about the relationship between race

and art. By 1933, the terms "Jewish," "Degenerate” and

"Bolshevik" were in common use to describe almost all

modern art.

In 1937, Nazi officials purged German museums of works the Party considered

to be degenerate. From the thousands of works removed, 650 were chosen for a

special exhibit of Entartete Kunst. The exhibit opened in Munich and then traveled to

eleven other cities in Germany and Austria. In each installation, the works were

poorly hung and surrounded by graffiti and hand written labels mocking the artists

and their creations. Over three million visitors attended making it the first

"blockbuster" exhibition.

http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/arts/artdegen.htm

b) Read about the artists who were considered degenerate.

Many of the artists included in the Entartete Kunst exhibition are now

considered masters of the twentieth century. The following are some of the better

known artists whose works were ridiculed in the exhibit.

Marc Chagall was born in Russia in

1887. His life was deeply rooted in Jewish

tradition and religion. His paintings are filled

with a child-like glee, using crayon colors and

joyous renderings, which appear to be seen

through the eyes of a child. He believed that the

spirituality of Art had to be universal and

timeless. "It always seemed to me, and it still

does, that the Bible is the greatest source of

poetry that has ever existed. Since that time, I have been seeking to express this

philosophy in life and art."

The German painter-poet Max Ernst was a member of the dada movement

and a founder of surrealism. He was a self-taught artist. He pioneered a method called

frottage, in which a sheet of paper is placed on the surface of an object and then

penciled over until the texture of the surface is transferred. In 1925, he showed his

work at the first surrealist painting exhibition in Paris.


67

Born in Moscow in 1866, Wassily Kandinsky played the piano and cello at an

early age. The influence of music in his art was profound; many of his paintings had

musical connotations: "Improvisations," "Impressions," and "Compositions." In 1895

Kandinsky attended a French Impressionist exhibition where he saw Monet's

"Haystacks at Giverny." He was upset he had not recognized it as a haystack, and

also thought the painter had no right to paint in such an vague way. Yet he was

intrigued by the picture. A short time later he left Moscow for Germany to study

sketching and drawing. He is considered to be one of the founders of abstract art.

Paul Klee is ranked as one of the most original masters of contemporary art.

He was born in Bern, Switzerland and lived for many years in Germany. He was one

of the instructors at the Bauhaus. In 1931 he began teaching at Dusseldorf Academy,

but he was dismissed by the Nazis, who termed his work "degenerate." In 1933, Klee

went back to his native Switzerland. He died on June 29, 1940.

The Brücke, or the "Bridge," was a very important group of young artists who

worked together in Germany during the years 1905-1912. Among those included in

the Brücke were Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Erich Heckel, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, and

Emil Nolde. These artists produced an intense body of work that was to drastically

alter the direction of twentieth-century art.

During World War I Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was a volunteer in the army, but

he could not stand the discipline and constant subordination. He suffered a nervous

breakdown and was moved to a sanatorium, where he became dependent on Veronal

(sleeping pills), morphine and alcohol. The addictions did not hinder him from

painting. He slowly recovered, and worked on paintings and woodcuts. His art was

exhibited in Switzerland and Germany. The Germans banned his work, and he

became increasingly depressed. On June 15, 1938, he took his own life.

Emile Nolde was an expressionist painter and graphic artist known for his

religious works. His distortion and violent use of color attracted the attention of Die

Brücke resulting in an invitation in 1906 to join the group. Nolde's temperament was

not suited for collective work and he left Die Brücke in 1907 after learning the

technique of woodcut. Nolde was able to remain in Germany during the Nazi regime,

but over one thousand of his works were confiscated.

Franz Marc died before Hitler's rise to

power, but his work influenced and helped lay

the foundations for the abstract art

movement. With Kandinsky, he founded the

artist's group Der Blaue Reiter in 1911 and

organized exhibitions with this name. The

Blaue Reiter group exhibited a new art

style based on exuberant color and on

strong emotional and spiritual feelings. He

volunteered for military service during

W.W.I. and died near Verdun, France, on

March 4, 1916.

Edvard Munch is probably best

known for his painting The Scream. His


68

preoccupation with the more sorrowful aspects of life was perhaps a result of loosing

both parents, a brother, and a sister when he was young. Munch was a painter and

printmaker.

Max Beckman was influenced by Edvard Munch. Beckman served in the

medical corps during World War I, an experience that led to extreme pessimism in

his artwork. Many of his paintings were sold by the Third

Reich after the Entartete Kunst exhibition. Beckman was able

to escape to Amsterdam and then eventually made his way to

the United States.

Otto Dix was another expressionist painter whose

work was influenced by the experience of World War I. He

was appointed professor at the Dresden State Academy, but

was dismissed in 1933 when the Nazis came to power. Two

hundred sixty of Dix's paintings were removed from German

museums in 1937. Many of these were burnt on Goebbels's

order. Dix survived on a remote farm until 1945 when he was

drafted by the Nazis and then captured by the French and

made a prisoner of war. After the war, Dix returned to teaching.

http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/arts/artdegen.htm

C) Write an essay challenging or support the idea in the

documentary.

6. Credit activity. Bring in any expressionist painting &

analyze the technique / the idea proving the message carried

in the text.

Make reports on works of painters mentioned in the text

or some other representatives of this art movement

MainRepresentatives

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, August Macke, Franz Marc, Emile Nolde, Oskar

Kokoshka, Georges Rouault and Otto Dix, etc.



contexts

1. be opposed to

2. (standards) prevail in

Europe

3. emphasize artist's

subjective emotion

10. accomplish one’s aim

through 11. vivid

12. jarring

13. Unlike

22. be an expressionism

addict. 23. heightened emotional state

24. assume

25. chief function


69

4. distort (reality)

(distortion)

5. exaggerate (reality)

(exaggeration)

6. imply

7. implies 8. emotional angst

9. (emotions) arise insmb

14. impose smth on / to smth /

smb

15. substitute

16. accurate

17. intensity

18. intense feelings

19. assess itself mostly in

20. inherit

21. emergence (n) (emerge (v)

26. printmaker

27. sense of isolation.

28. Vienesse

29. gain significance 30. politically and culturally

turbulent era of

31. revelation

32. profound

33. be pioneered by

8. Rendertheideasbelow

1. Экспрессионизм (от лат. expressio - выражение), направление, развивавшееся в

европейском искусстве и литературе с 1905 по 1920-е гг.

2. Экспрессионизм стал выражением протеста против уродств современной буржуазной

цивилизации. Социально-критический пафос отличает многие произведения

экспрессионизма от искусства авангардистских течений, развивавшихся параллельно

с ним или сразу после него (кубизма, сюрреализма).

3. Предтечей экспрессионизма в западноевропейской живописи справедливо считают

французского художника голландского происхождения Винсента Ван Гога (1853—

1890); см. постимпрессионизм).

4. "Пылающие краски" картин Ван Гога арльского периода (1888—1889) выдают его

неуравновешенную психику, а принцип форсирования цветовых отношений,

открытость красок и напряженность, экспрессивность контуров свидетельствует о

стремлении придать изобразительной форме предельную выразительность.

5. Термин "экспрессионизм" в 1911 г. использовал Х. Вальден, издатель журнала

"Штурм". Наряду с этим термином употребляли немецкое слово Ausdruck

("выражение").

6. В 1905 г. молодые немецкие художники создали объединение "Мост". В грубых,

примитивных, "экспрессивных" формах они выражали свое несогласие с окружающей

действительностью и "гладким" академическим искусством.

7. Другие живописцы и скульпторы, не входившие в это объединение, но близкие по

духу, именовали себя "независимыми экспрессионистами".

8. В протесте "против всего" немецкие экспрессионисты демонстрировали

"инстинктивное преувеличение формы в чувственном восприятии, импульсивно

переносимое на плоскость

Follow-up Quiz-Test

Make up the quiz – the questions with

multiply choice about the concept ideas of

this art movement.


…………………………………………………………………………………………

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70

Module 6 Part 1

Abstract art

…………………………………………………………………………………………

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Abstract movement


common? Do the pictures look appealing to you?

Marten Jansen, 2008 "Midnight Jazz" Original Art , Carl (CAKUart)

Jackson Pollock

a2) Watch video file 1 there are some abstarct paintings. Say

what you think of them.


parts in Column B


1. relate to

2. abstract art is

3. encourage (v)

4. assign some

5. it takes

6. harmony of

7. rhythms of

non-objective

smth external

patterns

color, form & lines

free association meaning to the work

heightened sensitivity

to do smth

8. make a

9. simplification of

10. abstract art is 11. apparent spontaneity

12. the essence of

13. break from 14. the color & design

15. the melodies

the notion

from harmony

distinction between

more fluid

belies planning resonate off the canvas

recognizable form

reality


71




c1) Watch the video file 2 “What is abstract art” & sum up the

ideas.

c2) Read the text & express your attitude to the this style

painting. Answer the questions after the texts. Explain the


Abstract art movement

"Of all the arts, abstract painting is the most difficult. It demands that you

know how to draw well, that you have a heightened sensitivity for composition and

for colours, and that you be a true poet. This last is essential." -- Wassily Kandinsky.

In its purest form in Western art, an abstract art is one without a recognisable

subject, one which doesn't relate to

anything external or try to "look like"

something. Instead the colour and form

(and often the materials and support) are

the subject of the abstract painting. It's

completely non-objective or non-

representational.

By its very nature, abstraction

encourages free association, which means

you can assign your own meaning to the

artwork. It won't tell you what it's about... you must experience the artwork for

yourself, and understand it in your own way. Because of this, it takes a heightened

sensitivity to both create and appreciate abstract artwork. Just like music is patterns

of sound, abstract art is a harmony of patterns and rhythms of color, form andor line.

A further distinction tends to be made between abstract art which is geometric,

such as the work of Mondrian, and abstract art that is more fluid (and where the

apparent spontaneity often belies careful planning and execution), such as the

abstract art of Kandinsky or Pollock.

Also generally classified with abstract art are figurative abstractions and

paintings which represent things that aren't visual, such an emotion, sound, or

spiritual experience. Figurative abstractions are abstractions or simplifications of


72

reality, where detail is eliminated from recognisable objects leaving only the essence

or some degree of recognisable form.

In Western art history, the break from the notion that a painting had to

represent something happened in the early 20th century. Impressionsim, Fauvism,

Cubism and other art movements of the time all contributed by breaking the "rules"

of art followed since The Renaissance. Impressionism saw painters not "finishing"

their paintings. The Fauvists used colour in a non-realistic way. Cubism introduced

the idea of painting an object from more than one view point. From all of these the

idea developed that colour, line, form, and texture could be the "subject" of the

painting.

Abstract Expressionism, which emerged in the 1940s, applied the principles of

Expressionism to abstract painting. The action painting of Jackson Pollock, in which

paint was dripped, dropped, smeared, spattered, or thrown on the canvas, is a

good example.

In 1864 the critic Ernest Chesneau wrote that if the trend the Impressionists

were setting continued, paintings would eventually consist of nothing but "two

broadly brushed areas of colour". What would he have thought of the art being

produced 100 years later?

Abstract art is visual music. The colors and designs form harmonies and

melodies that resonate off the canvas and reverberate in the mind and heart of the

viewer. Many of the first abstract artists were influenced by music, such as Paul Klee

and Wassily Kandinsky.

Abstract art expresses things that are beyond what we can see with our eyes.

Instead of portraying images that we can easily grasp or understand, abstract art

focuses on the non-linear world of emotions and the subconscious. It is a language of

color. Through colors, shapes and designs, abstract artwork explores inner worlds and

essences, corresponding to an inner reality. It is the perfect platform for exploring the

nature of consciousness, and the contemplative and timeless questions of

transcendence and spirituality. http://painting.about.com/od/abstractart/a/abstract_art.htm

http://abstractart.20m.com/

d) Make up the questions:

e) Vocabulary 2. Look through the text again & explain the


Vocabulary3. Write out the definitions of the words aside

from a reference book & put them in the chart at random. Let

your groupmates match the words with their definition.

word definition

1. grasp


http://painting.about.com/od/abstractart/a/abstract_art.htm

73

2. contemplative

3. smear

4. resonate

5. consciousness

6.transcedence

7. reverberate



noun verb adjective

grasp

spirituality

recognisable

consciousness

eventual

3.Watch the art documentary

called ‘Jackson Pollock’

&about the titans of modern

art that have influenced the

world we live in now &

discuss the questions in class.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfwUxQrDGqw

4. Bring in any abstract painting & analyze the technique /

the idea proving the message carried in the text

Make reports on works of French painters in the texts

MainRepresentatives

Paul Klee Wassili Kandinskii

4. Write an essay challenging or support the idea in the

following opinion:

We aren't just eyes; we have memories,

feelings. Emotional content is what makes life

whole, and a lot of abstraction has no

connection with people... (Mark Adams)

http://3514.blogspot.com/2010/12/dadaism-images.html


http://quote.robertgenn.com/auth_search.php?authid=19


74

2. Understanding Abstract Art

a) Gist-Read the text& express your attitude to the issue in it.

Understanding abstract art is easy: all it requires is an open mind and a big

imagination. When you look at the painting on the left, what do you see?

Swirling shapes, an array of colorful patterns... The path of a flowing river

cutting through fields of lush vegetation... or maybe you see pure energy and cosmic

flow?

There is no right or wrong answer to this question. Abstract art is open to

interpretation, and that is one of the beautiful things about it. Abstract art doesn't

jump out and declare "THIS is what I'm all about." Instead, abstract art requires you

to have an open, inquiring mind; you must enter the painting and see where it takes

you. Abstract art gives you the freedom to explore the artwork and assign your own

meaning to the piece. This intensely personal process

enriches a viewer's experience of an artwork.

Understanding abstract art does not come

naturally for everyone. It is the kind of art that makes

some people scratch their heads and say, "My 5-year

old could do that." What people don't realize is that

the best abstract artists have excellent drawing skills,

a finely honed sense of composition, and a deep

understanding of the workings of color. Most abstract

artists have the ability to draw a perfectly rendered

rose or a realistic portrait, but they choose not to.

Instead they choose to express their creativity by

creating a visual experience that is more free and

unencumbered by the weight of objects.

Abstract art can also make people uneasy

because they don't automatically know what the art is

"about" just by a cursory glance. Or they assume that

because it doesn't look like anything, then it is not

"about" anything. Abstract art doesn't contain

recognizeable objects, so there is nothing to grasp or hold onto. This can be very

confusing, even threatening, to some who are not used to assigning their own

meaning to what they see before them.

The truth is, abstract art is not "about nothing". At its basis, it is about form,

color, line, texture, pattern, composition and process. These are the formal qualities

of artwork, because they describe what the art looks like and how it is created.

Abstract art is an exploration of these formal qualities. Meaning is derived from how

these formal qualities are used to create a visual (and/or visceral, cerebral, emotional,

etc) experience.

How do you begin understanding abstract art? "Everyone wants to understand art. Why not try to understand the song of a

bird? …people who try to explain pictures are usually barking up the wrong tree."


75

-Pablo Picasso

Picasso has a point. Art can't be explained adequately in words, because it's

influence on people is so personal and speaks to the nonverbal parts of our existence.

Therefore, art is an experience. You must let go of your need to put things into words,

and let the artwork take you somewhere... even lift you into higher spheres.

You have to 'understand' abstract art

with a different part of you, one that you

may not normally use or be familiar with.

Essentially, you must:

Accept that it is what it is. Don't try

to pinpoint an exact meaning for an image.

Look at abstract art in the same way

that you would listen to a symphony. When

you listen to music, you don't try to hold on

to the notes - you let them wash over you.

Let your eyes wander over the painting the

way the notes of a symphony wash over

your soul. Let your eyes play with the

painting, slipping around corners,

following the twirls, twists and turns,

dipping in and out of the surface. Let your

eyes dance around the piece.

Rather than trying to figure out what the painting looks like, just allow yourself

to be taken in by the painting. See what emotions, sensations or memories emerge.

Let your eyes relax and travel around the piece without expectation. Examine the

colors, forms, materials, surface, and how they interact with each other. Take your

time. Let the painting "speak" to you.

Notice how the various elements like shape, color and form

affect you. An intricately detailed, vibrant painting will affect you

differently than a calm, cool Malevich.

Take a look at the two artworks below. What are the

differences in how they make you feel?

It is best to see abstract art in person to truly get the full

effect. This will help you immeasurably with understanding

abstract art. You can't get the full impact of a piece of art from a

small photo in a book or pixelated image online. In person, you

can see up close the texture, size, stroke of the paintbrush, shine or

matte of the surface. You can feel the strength of the painting

from across the room. You can stand in the space the artist once

occupied, and try to imagine his or her thoughts upon each stroke

of the brush.

Understanding abstract art requires an inventiveness that invites you to

discover for yourself the meaning behind the work. It is not easy to grasp, like still

lifes, portraits, or other form of representational art, because it is open to

interpretation in a way that representational art is not.


76

http://www.art-is-fun.com/how-to-understand-abstract-art.html

b) Watch the video called “Kazimir Malevich: A

Visionary's Tragic Journey” & sum up the ideas in

writing. Express your understanding of this art.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfNS0qtMxXs

c) Watch the Russian program “Культурная

Революция - "Чёрный квадрат" Малевича”. Say

whose point of view you agree with & why.

6.1. Watch the art documentary about Wassily

Kandinsky . Make up a quiz about his biography.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_q0h903-Kc

6.2. Watch the art documentary about Piet

Mondrian . Make up a quiz about his

biography.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gd-vS1bPVF4



contexts.

50. recognisable subject,

51. non-objective

52. non-representational.

53. encourages free

association

54. assign your own

meaning to the artwork

55. it takes a heightened

sensitivity

56. appreciate abstract

artwork

57. distinction

58. apparent

59. bely

60. spiritual experience

61. be dripped

62. be dropped

63. be smeared

64. be spattered

65. be thrown

66. eventually 67. resonate off the canvas

68. easily grasp

69. reverberate in the mind

and heart of the

viewer.

70. be beyond what we can

see with our eyes

71. non-linear world

72. consciousness

73. contemplative

74. timeless questions of

transcendence and

spirituality.

8. Try to produce a piece of art after

some painters you liked from abstract

art style. Watch the videos about futurist

artists (on the YouTube). Take it into

account that your work is not supposed


77

Module 7 Part 1

Dada art movement

to be skillful & professional. Try your best & have fun with the

paints & the brush and the idea.


1. Абстрактное искусство - одна из разновидностей живописи, отличающаяся

предельной упрощенностью формы и линий. Поэтому нелегко понять то, что

изображено на картинах.

2. Под абстрактным искусством понимают те произведения, которые были созданы

после 1910 года. Не ищите в них конкретного содержания. Если вы и найдете какие-

либо элементы формы, припишите это дело случаю. Иначе то, что вы видите, не будет

относиться к абстрактному искусству.

3. Абстрактное искусство просто представляет линии, мазки или капли краски. Цветовой

спектр небольшой, немногочисленны и используемые формы. Нет перспективы.

4. Объяснить значение картины может только его создатель. Без этой информации у

зрителя нет точки опоры для понимания картины.

5. Иногда происходит и так, что художник-абстракционист даже и не смотрит на какой-

либо предмет, служащий для другого художника натурой. Он просто вдохновляется

какой-то идеей. Однако и здесь будет весьма безосновательно искать какие-либо

конкретные детали.

6. Подобные абстрактные картины часто вместо названия имеют номер и называются

«композициями».

7. Практически, когда вы находитесь на выставке абстрактного искусства, вы можете

представить себе все, что вам захочется.

10. Follow-upQuiz-Test


…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

Dada art movement


78


common? Do the pictures look appealing to you?

Alfred Stieglitz. Fountain, photograph of sculpture by Marcel Duchamp, 1917.

Marcel Dushamp


parts in Column B


1. indicate

2. turn

3. prevailing

4. degeneration

5. have

6. be dependent

on

upside down

standards

an implicit

in the society

the loss of

meaning

the viewer

7. concentrate

smth

8. was

considered

9. aesthetic form

10. according to

11. latent

through a rejection

of

message

to be

of expression

its proponents




aesthetic ………………….. exist………………nihilistic ………………….

implicit ………………….influence…………………influential …………….

latent …………………. rigid …………………… ignore…………………

deliberate ……………………neutral ……………..primarily ……………….

passionate…………………. cynical ………………. ironic ……………………

c) Read thetext & express your attitude to the this style of

painting. Answer the questions after the texts. Explain the



79

Text 1 Dada art movement

Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in neutral Zürich,

Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from

1916 to 1920. The movement primarily involved

visual arts, literature (poetry, art manifestoes, art

theory), theatre, and graphic design, and

concentrated its anti war politics through a rejection

of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art

cultural works.

Dadaism was founded by Hans Arp in

Zurich. Dadaism was an expression against the

degeneration in the society and war. The term Dada

(from French ‘dada’- baby talk horsie), indicated

the loss of meaning in the existing culture.

Dada activities included public gatherings,

demonstrations, and publication of art/literary

journals. Passionate coverage of art, politics, and

culture filled their publications. Generally, Dadaism

stood for the opposite of what the society in general

stood for. Where art was considered to be aesthetic form of expression, Dadaism

ignored aesthetics.

Also The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism

of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both

art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality

and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements

including Surrealism.

Many of the artists in the Dada period felt that European art was corrupted,

and sought to purify it by mocking it. Thus, many Dada pieces are extremely playful

and teasing, such as Marcel Duchamp's famous portrait of the Mona Lisa with a

mustache. Almost all Dada artwork inspires a reaction, which was the intended goal.

The movement was very short lived, being essentially over by 1923, but Dada left a

lasting legacy to modern art, advertising, and society. Without Dadaism, it is unlikely

that Surrealism and other modern art movements would have occurred.

According to its proponents, Dada was not art; it was anti-art. For everything

that art stood for, Dada was to represent the opposite. Where art was concerned with

aesthetics, Dada ignored them. If art is to have at least an implicit or latent message,

Dada strives to have no meaning--interpretation of Dada is dependent entirely on the

viewer. If art is to appeal to sensibilities, Dada offends. Perhaps it is then ironic that

Dada is an influential movement in Modern art. Dada became a commentary on art

and the world, thus becoming art itself.


80

The artists of the Dada movement had become disillusioned by art, art history

and history in general. Many of them were veterans of World War I and had grown

cynical of humanity after seeing what men were capable of doing to each other on the

battlefields of Europe. Thus they became attracted to a nihilistic view of the world

(they thought that nothing mankind had achieved was worthwhile, not even art), and

created art in which chance and randomness

formed the basis of creation. The basis of Dada is

nonsense. With the order of the world destroyed

by World War I, Dada was a way to express the

confusion that was felt by many people as their

world was turned upside down.

The existence of this movement was not

stable. By 1925, this movement gave way to

surrealism and later other movements took its

place.

The movement influenced later styles,

Avant-garde and Downtown music movements,

and groups including Surrealism, Nouveau

Réalisme, Pop Art and Fluxus

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_dadaism

http://www.blurtit.co

d) Answer the questions:

1. Who was the Dada movement founded by? & When & Where?

2. What does the term ‘dada’ mean?

3. What activities does it include? What does it stand for?

4. What were the dada works characterized by? (use at 6 vocabulary units from

the text)

5. Comment on: 1) ‘If art is to have at least an implicit or latent message, Dada

strives to have no meaning’; 2) ‘If art is to appeal to sensibilities, Dada

offends’.

6. What way was this movement influential?

e) Vocabulary2. Look through the text again & explain the



word definition

1. oppression

2. nihilism

3. implicit

4. random

5. latent

o) the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief

that life is meaningless ;

p) prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control.

q) disappointed in someone or something that one discovers to be less

good than one had believed ;

r) (of a quality or state) existing but not yet developed or manifest;


http://www.blurtit.co/

81

6. be

disillusioned

7. rigid

8. cynical

hidden; concealed ;

s) contemptuous; mocking ; believing that people are motivated by self-

interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity;

t) implied though not plainly expressed;

u) unable to bend or be forced out of shape; not flexible;

v) made, done, happening, or chosen without method or conscious

decision.



noun verb adjective

rejection

oppressive

indicate

influence

Europe

offend

3.Watch video file “The ABC of Dada’.

Discuss its issues

4. Bring in any dada painting & analyze

the technique / the idea proving the

message carried in the text

Make reports on works of French

painters in the texts

MainRepresentatives

Hans Arp Marcel Duchamp Francis Picabia Hugo Ball

Max Ernst Raoul Hausmann Man Ray John Heartfield

Marcel Janco Kurt Schwitters Sophie Taeuber-Arp

5. Write an essay challenging or support the idea in the

following opinion:

Dadaism is against traditional painting and sculpture. And it can be an “anti-art”

ideas as it is stated by anonymity. It is a kind of joke that deconstructs the art work

and it looks strange and ridiculous. But in my opinion, It is another part of stream of

art.


Text 2 How to Create Dada Art

By KathleenLake, eHow Contributor



82

Salvador Dali, a force in the Dada movement, incorporated yin and

yang in this painting.

1. a) Discuss:

Can you presuppose how to create an art

work in the style?

b) Read the text & find out

Instructions How to Create Dada Art:

1. Stop making sense. Put a pineapple next to

an Eskimo, or a dog house on top of a trailer. In an effort to challenge the

prevailing opinions about art in the early 1900s, members of the Dada

movement cultivated irrationality, deliberately placing incongruent images

together and combining the mundane with the spiritual. Some of what they

made poked fun at serious ideas and institutions, while some of it made no

sense whatsoever. At least part of what Dada heightened in the art world were

the senses of humor, anarchy and irony.

2. Glue many pieces of small paper together, overlapping on one background to

form an image or just an abstract shape. Collage in its most basic form uses

many different pieces of paper. But collage may also use pastels, paper,

feathers, crayons, clay and other textures and media.

3. Shoot some photos, then chop them up and reconfigure them, combine them

with other media, or display them out of order. Photo-montage takes the

distinctive attributes of photography, particularly its journalistic aspect, and

plays with them. Experiment with jumbling up your photographs or

photoshopping them to create original photographs, made up but seemingly

real. Dadaists probably would have loved Photoshop. A strong element of

Dadaism is asking the viewer to question his assumptions about the legitimacy

of what he sees.

4. Stick things together that

shouldn't be together.

Assemblage is like collage, but

three-dimensional, so it has the

capacity to fill up spaces with

objects that confuse and

confound audiences. Dada

liked to put an object that had

sacred symbolism next to

something ordinary or even

debased.

5. Pick up a random object, sign it

and call it art. This is found or

ready-made Art. Artist Marcel Duchamp shocked the art world in 1917 by


83

signing R. Mutt to a urinal, titling it "Fountain," and entering it in an art show.

He offended them on multiple levels -- by the seeming laziness of throwing

something together with no effort, instead of months of painstaking work; by

evoking the process of excretion; and by not creating something original, just

to name a few. Choose an object related to body function, or as far from the

world of beautiful and uplifting art as you can get, if you want to incorporate

the Dadaist thread into your own ready-made artwork.

6. Re-purpose things. In other words, create a hat made out of a cellphone, or a

house made entirely of cookies. Challenge people's ideas about functionality.

Today, with multimedia, multimovement art, it is hard to realize how

disturbing and confrontational Dada was in its time. If you want to get a sense

of it, read a little of Plato on art to see the then still-ruling ideas of purity and

idealism that Dada assaulted. To create your own new media, combine all of

the above.

http://www.ehow.com/how_7345064_create-dada-art.html

4. Listening (7.1 & 7.2) Listen to the talk of two people who

are discussing what modern art is?


What kind of art did they see? What did look like?

What is their attitude to the art like this?

5. Watch video file “Kunsbar’. Discuss its issues

While watching write down the titiles of the things (works

of art) you’ve recognized in the file.

6. Render the ideas below

1. Дадаизм (фр. dadaisme, от dada — конек, деревянная

лошадка; бессвязный детский детский лепет) -

авангардистское литературно-художественное

течение в 1916 — 1922 гг.

2. Зародился дадаизм в Швейцарии, в Цюрихе.

3. Дадаизм возник как реакция на последствия Первой

мировой войны.

4. Выражался дадаизм в скандальных выходках —

заборных каракулях, псевдорисунках, комбинациях

случайных предметов.

5. Главной идеей дадаизма было последовательное

разрушение какой бы то ни было эстетики.

6. Несмотря на то, что дадаизм в сущности, уже в

прошлом, — он останавливает внимание не столько в

силу своей художественной значимости, сколько, как

чрезвычайно яркий показатель мироощущения писательской группы (правда,

незначительной), в эпоху великой войны.



84

Module 7 Part 2

Performance art

7. К «Дада» примкнули те, кои оказались немощными в «большой серьез» поднять

вопрос о смысле происходящих социальных потрясений; и тем более дадаисты не

могли сделать никаких выводов

8. К «Дада» примкнули те, кто нуждался в дурмане более сильном, чем кокаин и

морфий, ибо наркозы вес же не могли заставить забыть то, что происходило на

фронтах.

9. Едва ли есть нужда вскрывать далее противоречия в предпосылках дадаизма. Его

основной нерв — живи сегодня, забудь о вчера и не думай о завтра: «Дада против

будущего. Наплюем на человечество» (Тзара).

10. Этот идеологический принцип заквасил поэзию и прозу дадаизма, который, поскольку

коснемся чисто художественной стороны «Дада» использовал все приемы крайнего

футуризма, словарно обогатив последний огромным количеством неологизмов, явно

непристойного характера.

Евгений Ланн.

http://literary_terms.academic.ru/133/

6. Do the quiz about this art

movement

1. What does the word ‘dada’ mean from

French?

……………………………………………………………………..

2. When was it founded & where? How long was at its peak?

a)…………………b) …………………………c) ………………………..

3. What provoked the art movement? ………………………………

4. Who was the founder? ………………………………. ……………

5. What were the ideas they promoted?

……………………………………………………………………..

1. a) Discuss:

What have you

heard of this

kind of modern

art?

b) Look at the

picture & say where the girls are what they are doing; why

they were dressed like this?


85

This is notorious punk rock Group ‘Pussy Riot’. Go to

YouTube & watch the video file?

c) You are going to read about that prank in the church.

But before you read do the vocabulary exercise

d) Vocabulary1a. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B


1. be charged

2. result in up

3. cause

4. split

5. remain

6. feature

7. treat smb

8. condemn

9. brand the prank

10. official

to seven years in prison

mercifully

the prank

a wide response

in custody

intense discussion

as a crime

with hooliganism

public opinion

spokespeople

1. this pranks should be

2. These examples

3. pass a real prison

4. mock at

5. repent

6. appeals for

7. gravity of

8. the charges

9. call on the society

10. appeal to

highlight……

sentence on them at

shrines & churches

in public

are unfounded

the offense

leniency the European Court of pardoned/encouraged

to condemn the prank

Vocabulary1b.




altar ………………….. mosque………………synagogue ………………….

Patriarch ………………….condemn…………………trial …………………

leniency ……………………

Pussy Riot prank in cathedral

has Russians divided in their assessments

March 30, 2012

Russia Beyond the Headlines The Pussy Riots feminist rock band provoked

a scandal within Russia's community. Source: ITAR-TASS

Part 1

On Feb. 21, 2012, five young women in masks tried to stage an improvised

performance at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, chanting: “Virgin

Mary, Mother of God, Expel Putin!” The song lasted for less than a minute and was

stopped by the cathedral’s security service. The act had taken place in the closed area

behind the icon screen where the altar is located and only priests and other church


http://rbth.ru/author/Russia%20Beyond%20the%20Headlines

86

officials – all men – are

allowed.The prank by Pussy Riot

caused a wide response and split

public opinion, both secular and

religious.

A criminal case against the

members of the group, known as

Pussy Riot, was opened by the

Moscow police on March 2.

They are being charged with hooliganism, which could result in up to seven years

in prison and put the women on the wanted list. On March 4, two Pussy Riot

members, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and Maria Alyokhina, were arrested, and a bit

later Yekaterina Samutsevich was detained (=arrested). The three women will remain

in custody (взять подстражу) for 60 days pending the results of the investigation.

Typically of contemporary Russia, Internet blogs featured the most intense

discussion. “I won’t be asking whether pranks of this kind should be pardoned /

encouraged in mosques and synagogues, not just in Orthodox churches. But

hooliganism remains what it is even in a library, doesn’t it?” writes blogger pioneer-

lj.

“You shouldn’t beat Pussy, although you can, if necessary. But if you are

Christians, give them pancakes, or better still suggest a fast (пост). Troublemakers

are always embarrassed when you treat them mercifully,” noted blogger Maksim

Petrenchuk.

These examples highlight the two main trends in the Runet blogosphere: calls

for “understanding and forgiving” and demands for “punishment and justice.”

The administration of the Russian Orthodox Church and a considerable number

of believers demanded that the feminists be punished and called on society to

condemn the prank and brand it as a crime. Official spokespeople for the Russian

Orthodox Church said that they saw no need to keep Tolokonnikova, Alyokhina and

Samutsevich in custody or to pass a real prison sentence on them, and pointed to the

fact that the investigation was working independently of the Church. But Patriarch

Kirill of Moscow and All Russia considered the attempts to excuse the activists to

inadmissible. “We have no future if we start mocking at great shrines and if some

people consider this mockery to be a kind of bravery, a proper expression of political

protest, an appropriate action, or innocent joke,” the patriarch said.

Part 2

For its part, the Interfaith Council of Russia (which unites Orthodox, Islamic,

Buddhist and Jewish organizations) called on Pussy Riot to repent in public.

However, supporters of the band disagreed, causing an even more radical response by

Orthodox Church officials. In some Moscow churches, appeals were read out

encouraging believers to support the demand of a criminal penalty (=punishment) for

the feminists.


87

There have also been appeals for leniency, though. Vladimir Legoida,

chairman of the Synodal information department of the Russian Orthodox Church,

sees no reason for the women to be kept in custody and insists that everything should

remain within the bounds of the law: “The Church has called for mercy at all times.

This situation is not an exception. A part of society has formed a false opinion that

the guilty women are kept in custody at the insistence of the Church, which is not

true. Furthermore, the media and the public are emphasizing that some of these

women have little children. Those who took part in that action seem to be unaware

of the gravity of their offense and are attracting sympathy. It is good that our society

is still capable of sympathy and forgiveness, even when its feelings have been so

hurt.”

Sergei Smirnov, an attorney with Yukov, Khrenov and Partners Law Office,

does not believe that criminal charges are applicable to the actions of the Pussy Riot

activists: “There are material elements of an administrative crime, subject to

‘disorderly conduct (поведение)’ charges. Therefore I believe that keeping them in

custody as a pre-trial restriction (ограничение) and bringing criminal charges of

hooliganism is ungrounded and fails to correspond to the gravity of the offense.

However, the 60-day restriction term is normal practice; there is nothing too severe

here. When the investigation insists on custody as a pre-trial restriction, the court

normally opts for two months. It is hard to say what will happen later. Unfortunately,

judging from our practice of criminal law administration, if a case comes to trial, and

it is not a trial by jury (as in this case), then it will likely end in a guilty verdict.”

Pussy Riot’s lawyer Violetta Volkova said that in the event of an guilty verdict,

she would appeal to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg.“No cases of

this sort have ever been qualified as criminal offences before,”she said. http://rbth.ru/articles/2012/03/27/for_what_should_pussy_riot_be_responsible_and_how_15183.html

e) 1. Answer the questions?

1. What is Pussy Riot? What did they protest?

2. What kind of performance did they stage at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour

in Moscow? How long did the performance last? What place was that where

they sing their ‘song’?

3. What were they charged with?

4. What public opinion did that prank cause?

5. What did Patriach Kirill of Moscow consider? Do you support him here?

Translate & comment on his position?

6. What did the church call on Pussy Riot to do ?

2. Discuss:

What point do you keep to & why? Should they be

pardoned/ (encouraged) or put on trial? Do you condemn

the is prank & brand it as a crime or treat as innocent


http://rbth.ru/articles/2012/03/27/for_what_should_pussy_riot_be_responsible_and_how_15183.html

88

joke?Do you consider this mockery to be a kind of

bravery?

What is hooloiganism? What are the limits when

hooloiganism turns into a ‘crime’?

if everybody is free to express their positions where are

the limits of the freedom?



Vocabulary3. Write out the definitions of the words aside from

a reference book & put them in the chart at random. Let your

groupmates match the words with their definition.

word definition

1. innocent

2. prank

3. be charged

with

4. mockery

5. trial

6. encourage

7. repent

a)



noun verb adjective

mockery

innocent

charge

appeal

leniency

repent

unaware

trial

encourage

Performance art


89

Module 8 Part 1

Surrealism

3. a) Consult Wikipedia& discuss:

What "exactly" is performance art? And, what makes a

performance artist be one, think and act like one?

b) Challenge or support the following ideas

about the ‘performance art’ definitions:

Question:"Excuse me, can you define performance art?”

Answers: -“A bunch of weirdoes who love to get naked and

scream about leftist politics.” (said by Yuppie in a bar)

-“Performance artists are…bad actors.”( said by A

“good” actor)

-“You mean, those decadent and elitist liberals who hide behind the art thing to beg

for government money?” (said by Politician)

-“It’s…just…very, very cool stuff. Makes you… think and shit.”( said by My nephew)

-"Performance is both the anti-thesis of and the antidote to high culture." (said by

Performance Artist)

-“I’ll answer you with a joke: What do you get when you mix a comedian with a

performance artist?…A joke that no one understands” (said by A friend)

c) Salvador Dali & performance art

Additional ideas. Surf the net & make a report on Performance

art history

Surrealist art


pictures look appealing to you? Express

your way you see them. “React” to the

paintings with descriptive words in your active vocabulary

Oscar Wilde`s Homeland Salvador Dhali Max ernst, The elephant Celebs


90

Igor Lysenko (1921), Tate, London

b1) Vocabulary1. Match the words from column a with their

parts in Column B


1. experiment with

2. incongruous

3. be allied to

4. flourish (v)

5. culminate

6. They deliberately

a new mode of expression

Dada movement

juxtaposition

defied reason

in Europe in the horrors ofWorld War I

7. major 8. be inspired by

9. the wellspring of

10. the functioning of

11. be attained by

12. seek access to

spokesman

poets

the unconscious

the imagination

thought realm of experience

b2) Transcribe the following

the subconscious ..................................ally .................. flourish..........................

deliberate .............................. ambivalent ............................. perpetuate .............

cohesion ............................... collapse ……………… automatic ………………

ballet…………….. authoritarian ……………………….. parade ………………….

c) Read the text & express your attitude to the this style of

modern art. Answer the questions below the text.

Surrealist art

Surrealism originated in the late 1910s and early

'20s as a literary movement that experimented with a

new mode of expression called automatic writing, or

automatism. It attempted to express the workings

of the subconscious by fantastic imagery and

incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter. Though the Surrealist movement was officially

founded in 1924, the term was first coined in 1917,

when Guillaume Apollinaire used it in program notes for the ballet Parade, written

by Pablo Picasso, Leonide Massine, Jean Cocteau, and Erik Satie. It began as a

literary group strongly allied to the Dada movement, and emerged in the wake of the

collapse of the group in Paris, when André Breton's eagerness to bring purpose to the

group clashed withTristan Tzara's anti-authoritarianism. Breton - who is occasionally

described as the 'Pope' of Surrealism - would go on to be the most important figure

in the movement, the impresario whose strong leadership gave it cohesion through

its many reincarnations until his death in 1966.


91

Surrealism, movement in visual art and literature, flourishing in Europe between

World Wars I and II. Surrealism grew principally out of the earlier dada movement,

which before World War I produced works of anti-art that deliberately defied reason;

but Surrealism's emphasis was not on negation but on positive expression. The

movement represented a reaction against what its members saw as the destruction

wrought by the "rationalism" that had guided European culture and politics in the past

and that had culminated in the horrors of World

War I. According to the major spokesman of the

movement, the poet and critic Andre Breton, who

published "The Surrealist Manifesto" in 1924. In

it, he defined Surrealism as "Psychic automatism

in its pure state, by which one proposes to

express - verbally, by means of the written word,

or in any other manner - the actual functioning of

thought." In this, he proposed that artists should

seek access to their unconscious mind in order to

make art inspired by this realm. Initially a

literary movement, many Surrealists were

ambivalent about the possibilities of painting,

however, the group's leader, André Breton, later

embraced and promoted painting. The work of

Surrealist painters such as Joan Miró would be an important influence on the Abstract

Expressionists in the 1940s.

Surrealism was a means of reuniting conscious and unconscious realms of

experience so completely that the world of dream and fantasy would be joined to

the everyday rational world in "an absolute reality, a surreality." Drawing heavily

on theories adapted from Sigmund Freud, Breton saw the unconscious as the

wellspring of the imagination. He defined genius in terms of accessibility to this

normally untapped realm, which, he believed, could be attained by poets and

painters alike.

The major Surrealist painters were Jean Arp, Max Ernst, Andre Masson, Rene

Magritte, Yves Tanguy, Salvador Dali, Pierre Roy, Paul Delvaux, and Joan Miro.

With its emphasis on content and free form, Surrealism provided a major alternative

to the contemporary, highly formalistic Cubist movement and was largely

responsible for perpetuating in modern painting the traditional emphasis on content.

Summing up the main idea, let’s formulate the

key idea of surrealist art. Surrealism has come to be

seen as the most influential movement in twentieth

century art. Figures like Salvador Dalí and Man Ray

not only had an important influence on avant-garde

art, but through their commercial work - in fashion

photography, advertising and film - they brought the

style to a huge popular audience. Following the

demise of Minimalism in the 1960s, the movement's

influence also returned to art, and since the 1970s it


92

has attracted considerable attention from art historians. http://www.huntfor.com/absoluteig/matisse.htm

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/glo/surrealism/

http://www.theartstory.org/movement-surrealism.htm

d) Make up the questions:

e) Talking point. Comment on:

"Although the dream is a very strange phenomenon and an inexplicable mystery, far

more inexplicable is the mystery and aspect our minds confer on certain objects and

aspects of life."

http://www.theartstory.org/movement-surrealism.htm






word definition

1. manifesto

2. verbally

3. demise

4. considerable

5. pope

6. reincarnation

7. perpetuate

8. wellspring

9. ally

10. clashed with



noun verb adjective

access

imagination

incongruous

perpetuate

collapse

cohesion



93

2. Watch the videofile 1 “Art History Surrealism” by Andre

Knott (Host of Blank Canvas TV.com)

Discuss what ideas in the file were new to you.

Text 2Surreal Images and Ideas for a Painting

3. a) Vocabulary 1. Take the phrases out of the texts below &

jumble them in the columns below. Then make your

groupmates match the words from column a with their parts in

Column B


1.

2.

Surreal Images and Ideas for a Painting

By Buffy Naillon, eHow Contributor

Surrealism combines realistic images together in a new

way. According to Surrealism.org, in the 1920s the surrealist

movement in art captured the images from the subconscious.

While Salvador Dali’s melting clocks in his painting “The

Persistence of Memory” may be one of the most famous

surrealist pieces, other surrealist artists also made their mark on the movement. Many

artists today still create works in the surrealist vein. If you count yourself among

them, many sources of inspiration exist to inspire your surrealist paintings.

Match the titles with texts below

Dream Imagery Inspired Collages Variation on a Theme Fool the Eye

The history of surrealism is all about recording

the goings on of the unconscious, according to

the Surrealism website. Dreams have their own

logic and their own imagery. These images offer

you many opportunities to create some very

personal artwork, since all the images come

from you. To capture the images from your

dreams, keep a notebook by your bed. When you

Surrealist art maintains a certain amount of

realism in it, which is subsequently twisted into

something not real. Rene Magritte’s painting

“The Blank Cheque” is an example of this, as is

MC Escher’s “Bond.” These images play a lot

with positive and negative space. They also

deconstruct readily recognizable images and

turn them into something unreal. If you’d like to


94

wake up, record your dreams. Naturally, you can

write them down in journal format, but you may

want to make some sketches as well since it’s

the images you want to capture. Once you have

a few sketches, you can begin creating paintings

based upon them.

take this route for your surrealist art, study the

work of surrealists who use this technique to get

an idea of what types of images they use. Then

create images of your own based on these or

similar concepts.

Surrealist Rene Magritte was famous for

putting common images together in a

different way than they were ever seen

before. For example, his mermaid consisted

of human legs and a fish head. Ask yourself

what kind of images could you put together

in a different way. Make some sketches of

your ideas to get them down on paper.

Create paintings of the ideas that go in a

promising direction

If you’re at a loss for images to incorporate into

a surrealist painting, try starting a collage.

Gather magazines of different sorts—the more

different the better—and start cutting out images

in each that appeal to you. Because the

magazines are so different from one another,

you shouldn't be able to put the pictures together

in a logical way. For example, you might find a

picture of an escalator and combine it with

photos of a root cellar or clouds. Once you have

these images picked out, you can begin your

painting based upon them.

http://www.ehow.com/list_6748788_surreal-images-ideas-painting.html#ixzz2AqMpSiRQ

b) Make up true of false sentences to the text

c) Vocabulary 2. Word formation. Fill in the chart. Make up


noun verb adjective

capture

maintain

able

promising

unconscious

inspired

4. Watch the videofile2 “Three Minute Film

Surrealism”

Discuss:

Was it funny or stupid to you? Or did you

feel irritated?

Did you see the surrealistic ideas in the

file? What were they?

Make a review of the file

Videofile3


http://www.ehow.com/list_6748788_surreal-images-ideas-painting.html#ixzz2AqMpSiRQ

95

5. Surrealist Exhibition. Analyses of 2 paintings: (1) Dalhi’s

painting “Geopolitical child watch the birth of a new man”(0-

3.25); (2) Joan Miro “Dutch Interior 1”. Watch the videofile and

retell the analyses of these pictures as close to the original as

possible.

Main representatives

6. You are welcome to enjoy watching some movies &

documentaries of some favorites of this art movement

6.1. Watch art documentary called ‘Dirty Dahli’ & make up the

quiz about his biography & works.

6.2. Rene Magritte (1898-1967). Belgian Surrealist artist René Magritte

was a master not only of the obvious, but of the obscure as well. In his artwork,

Magritte toyed with everyday objects, human habits and emotions, placing them in

foreign contexts and questioning their familiar

meanings. He suggested new interpretations of old

things in his deceivingly simple paintings, making

the commonplace profound and the rational

irrational. Magritte made a quote about his

paintings, which he thought explained them all. “I

paint visible images that conceal nothing; they

evoke mystery, and indeed, when one sees my

pictures, one asks oneself this simple question.

‘What does it mean?’ It does not mean anything because mystery means nothing

either, it is unknowable.”

a) Surf the net & read about Rene Magritte’s paintings & his

story line. Do the following quiz.

1. When he was a little boy On vacations with his

grandmother and Aunt Flora during the summer months,

Magritte frequented ………………… at Soignies. a) theatres;

b) an old cemetery c) cafes.

2. In 1912, Régina Bertinchamp, Magritte's mother,

committed suicide by …… a) shooting herself; b) drowning

herself in the Sambre River; c) taking too many sleeping pills.

3. Soon after getting married, Magritte supported Georgette and himself by

……a) copying old masters;b) painting wallpaper designs and designing

posters; c) doing construction work.


96

4. When drawing motifs for wall-paper he was deeply affected by "Song of

love" by …….a) Klode Monet; b) Marcel Duchamp; c) Giorgio de Chirico.

5. His first surrealist work was…………a) "Le Jockey Perdu"; b) "The

treachery of Images"; c) “Black Magics”.

6. He was struck by a reproduction of ……………a) George Seurat’s “a

Sunday Afternoon on the iasland”; b) Pierre renoir’s Bathers; c) Van Gogh’s

Sunflowers … which leads to a decisive transformation in his work. Enticed

by the sensuality of the colors, he opts for a more luminous palette. While

continuing to draw objects and figures with the meticulousness for which he has

become known, he adds to them a touch clearly inspired byImpressionism,

unleashing colour in new, warmer and more cheerful tonalities.

7. What was his Sunlit period? a) being inspired by impressionists; b)

executing his pictures outdoors ; c) portraying sunrays on his canvases .

8. What was his “cow” period? a) the production of fake Picassos, Braques and Chiricos;

b) he painted in a provocative and crude Fauve style ; c) copying old masters .

9. a) umbrella; b) bowler-hatted figure; c) bird…… finally finds his true

dimension. He/it becomes Magritte's emblem par excellence.

b) Watch the documentary & sum up the distinguishing

features of Rene Magritte’s works that makes him different

from other painters.

6.3. Frida

Watch the movie & do the tasks:

a) Choose the adjectives or phrases first that generally suits the film &

then make a review of it

open up the passionate life of …… & do justice to her works.

A part documentary & part-performance visually celebrates the life and art of….

……provides a captivating interpretation of an artist’s life. ….. It makes you think …..

The film covers the basic chronology of Kahlo's life.

more as an actual narratively-centered film than a cinematic jigsaw puzzle that has no chance of being

solved bebedridden in a body cast for months

makes her Frida bubble with life and passion despite both mental anguish and excruciating pain.

the movie provides captivating interpretation of Frida’ best event.

b) Discuss the plot

Give a character sketch of

the protagonists & their acting

You may first fill in the table with the adjectives or phrases that suit the character descriptions of

the main heroes from the movie

Frida Diego others

complex and enduring relationship

Abilities

Views on life


97

Character

Make up summary of the movie

c) Discuss the movie messages

What does the movie make you think of? What field does the

movie touches upon?

What are themes of the movie?

What is it that's so resonant of both her life and work in the movie?

Can you explain her dreams when Frida imagines Diego as King Kong on the Empire State

Building?

If it hadn’t been for the accident do you think she’d have become a painter. Read the

proverbs & think over what message they carry: Every cloud has a silver lining. No great

loss without some small gain. What you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts. An

unfortunate event become a godsend.

b) Comment on Diego’s former wife’s words about the marriage

I don’t believe in marriage. Let me be clear about that. …….They have no idea how truly

miserable they are about to make each other. But when two people know about that & they decide

with wide eyes open to face each other & married anyway. Then I don’t think he is not

conservative, delusional & I think that radical & courageous & very romantic.

c) Final work. Make up an interview as if one of you is the producer /

director of the movie& the other is a protagonist or a journalist/

6.4. Watch the art documentaries about:

Max Ernst(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6J87wdgp-QU)

Joan Miro(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtXzmbQ4KKI)

Shagal(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7yLyc2FA8I)

Yves Tanguy(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZP_BvFY5saM)

Discuss their inheritance in art history

6.5. Videofile. Surrealism at its best. Salvador Dalhi on “What’s

on my line?”

Surf the net & study thoroughly the biography of other

surrealist painters & role play the programme ‘What’s on my

line?”

7. Rendertheideas

1. Сюрреалистысчитали, чтотворческаяэнергияисходитизсферыподсознания,

котораяпроявляетсебявовремясна, гипноза, болезненного бреда, внезапных озарений,

автоматических действий (случайное блуждание карандаша по бумаге и др.).


98

Module 9

Op & Pop art

2. Сюрреализм в живописи развивался по двум направлениям. Одни художники вводили

бессознательное начало в процесс создания живописных полотен, в которых

преобладали свободно текущие образы, произвольные формы,

3. переходящие в абстракцию (Макс Эрнст, А. Масон, Миро, Арп).

4. Другое направление, которое возглавлял Сальвадор Дали, основывалось на иллюзорной

точности воспроизведения ирреального образа, возникающего в подсознании.

5. Картины Дали отличаются тщательной манерой письма, точной передачей светотени,

перспективы, что характерно для академической живописи.

6. Зритель, поддаваясь убедительности иллюзорной живописи, втягивается в лабиринт

обманов и неразрешимых загадок: твердые предметы растекаются, плотные

приобретают прозрачность, несовместимые объекты скручиваются и выворачиваются,

массивные объемы приобретают невесомость, и все это создает образ невозможный в

реальности.

7. Общие особенности искусства сюрреализма фантастика абсурда, алогизм,

парадоксальные сочетания форм, зрительная неустойчивость, изменчивость образов.

8. Главной целью сюрреалистов было через бессознательное подняться над

ограниченностью как материального, так и идеального мира, продолжить бунтарство

против выхолощенных духовных ценностей буржуазной цивилизации.

9. Художники этого направления хотели создать на своих полотнах реальность, не

отражающую действительность, подсказанную подсознанием, но на практике это порой

выливалось в создание патологически отталкивающих образов, эклектику и китч.

10. Отдельные интересные находки сюрреалистов использовались в коммерческих

областях декоративного искусства, например оптические иллюзии, позволяющие

видеть на одной картине два различных изображения или сюжета в зависимости от

направления взгляда

8. Follow-up. Make up the Quiz-Test on this art

movement.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

OP & POP art


99

Part 1 Op art

1. a) Look at the pictures below. Do the pictures look

appealing to you? Express your way you see them. “React” to

the paintings with descriptive words in your active vocabulary

Victor Vasarely, Zebra, 1987, Maurits Cornelis Escher, Convex and

Concave, 1955


parts in Column B

Column A Column B Column A Column B 1. they reel from

2. escalate

3. achieve 4. a new movement

5. the term referenced

6. be comprised of

7. be enraptured with

8. he pioneered

Civil rights movement

idyllic lifestyle

bust on the scene

illusion

the fact that

the movement

the movement

the assassination of

9. noteworthy

10. eliminate

11. be given

12. create smth

13. be of 14. be viewed with

15. represential 16. be ‘invaded’ by

17. employ

artist

a life-span of around

equal importance

steadfastly

bemusement

color, light , shape

pop music

matter

the subject matter

Transcribe

circumstances …………………….idyllic ……………. de-emphasized …………

enrapture ……………..oscillate ………………. pioneer…………

c1) Watch the video file 1 called “Op art” to get pre-knowledge

of this art movement

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk2j7lJcGCU

c2) Read the text & express your attitude to the this style of


What is op art?

Flashback to 1964. In the United States, we were

still reeling from the assassination of our President,


http://www.google.ru/imgres?q=op+art&um=1&hl=ru&newwindow=1&sa=N&rlz=1T4SKPT_ruRU451RU451&biw=799&bih=460&tbm=isch&tbnid=OUHbR5AUwVmySM:&imgrefurl=http://northport.k12.ny.us/nms/web/teachers/licausik/web/opart.htm&docid=aeNUQauK9-dgzM&imgurl=http://northport.k12.ny.us/nms/web/teachers/licausik/web/images/JENNY%20OP%20ART.jpg&w=1200&h=1201&ei=acuRUM_KI-iE4gTMwoC4Bg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=428&vpy=120&dur=3297&hovh=225&hovw=224&tx=125&ty=148&sig=108552157646390095860&page=4&tbnh=129&tbnw=129&start=34&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:34,i:2

http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/o/images/opart_vasare.zebra.lg.jpg

http://www.mcescher.com/Gallery/recogn-bmp/LW399.jpg

http://www.mcescher.com/Gallery/recogn-bmp/LW399.jpg

100

escalating the Civil Rights movement, being "invaded" by British pop/rock music

and, in general, pretty much done with notions of achieving idyllic lifestyles (despite

that which was touted in the 1950s). Given the circumstances, it was a perfect time

for a new artistic movement to burst on the scene.

In October of 1964, in an article describing this new style of art, Time

Magazine coined the phrase "Optical Art" (or "Op Art", as it's more commonly

known). The term referenced the fact that Op Art is comprised of illusion, and often

appears - to the human eye - to be moving or breathing due to its precise,

mathematically-based composition.

After (and because of) a major 1965 exhibition of Op Art entitled The

Responsive Eye, the public became enraptured with the movement. As a result, one

began to see Op Art showing up everywhere: in print and television advertising, as

LP album art and as a fashion motif in clothing and interior decoration.

Although the term was coined and the exhibition held in the mid-1960s, most

people who've studied these things agree that Victor Vasarely pioneered the

movement with his 1938 painting Zebra. M.C. Escher - whose style has sometimes

caused him to be listed as an Op artist - created works with amazing perspectives and

use of tessellations that certainly helped point the way for others. And it can be

argued that none of Op Art would've been possible - let alone embraced by the public

- without the prior Abstract and Expressionist movements that de-emphasized (or, in

many cases, eliminated) representational subject matter.

As an "official" movement, Op Art has been given a life-span of around three

years. This doesn't mean, though, that every artist ceased (=stop) employing Op Art

as their style by 1969. Bridget Riley is one noteworthy artist who has moved from

achromatic to chromatic pieces, but has steadfastly created Op Art from its beginning

to the present day. Additionally, anyone who has gone through a post-secondary fine

arts program probably has a tale or two of Op-ish projects created during color theory

studies.

It's also worth mentioning that, in the digital age, Op Art is sometimes viewed

with bemusement. Perhaps you, too, have heard the (rather snide, in my opinion)

comment: "A child with the proper graphic design software could produce this stuff."

Quite true, of a gifted child, with a computer and the proper software at his or her

disposal, in the 21st century. This certainly wasn't the case in the early 1960s, and the

1938 date of Vasarely's Zebra speaks for itself in this regard. Op Art represents a

great deal of math, planning and technical skill, as none of it came freshly-inked out

of a computer peripheral. Original, hand-created Op Art deserves respect, at the very

least.

What are the key characteristics of Op Art? • First and foremost, Op Art exists to fool the eye. Op

compositions create a sort of visual tension, in the viewer's mind,

that gives works the illusion of movement. For example,

concentrate on Bridget Riley's Dominance Portfolio, Blue (1977)

- for even a few seconds - and it begins to dance and wave in

front of one's eyes. Realistically, you know any Op Art piece is

flat, static and two-dimensional. Your eye, however, begins


101

sending your brain the message that what it's seeing has begun to oscillate, flicker,

throb and any other verb one can employ to mean: "Yikes! This painting is moving!".

• Because of its geometrically-based nature, Op Art is, almost without

exception, non-representational.

• The elements employed (color, line and shape) are carefully chosen to

achieve maximum effect.

• The critical techniques used in Op Art are perspective and careful

juxtaposition of color (whether chromatic [identifiable hues] or achromatic [black,

white or gray]).

• In Op Art, as in perhaps no other artistic school, positive and negative spaces

in a composition are of equal importance. Op Art could not be created without both.

http://www.huntfor.com/absoluteig/matisse.htm http://arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/op_art.htm

Answer the questions

1. What was the background for the pop art movement? What was happening in

the world?

2. When was the term ‘pop art’ coined?

3. What was the way the public treated the movement?

4. What techniques did the pop artist employ ?

5. How long was the life-span of the movement?

6. Why was op-art viewed with bemusement?

7. Sum up the key characteristics of Op atr?

c) Comment on:

"A child with the proper graphic design software could produce this stuff."

d) Vocabulary2. Look through the text again & explain the





word definition

1. assassination

2. pioneer

3. bemusement

4. escalate

5. enrapture



noun verb adjective



102

Module 9Part 2

Op & Pop art

assassination

pioneer

escalate

bemusement

exception

enrapture

Part 2Pop art


pictures look appealing to you? Express

your way you see them. “React” to the

paintings with descriptive words in your active vocabulary


parts in Column B


1. have free 2. the public loathed

3. Art accorded

4. be diverged

5. consumer

6. consumer boom

7. broaden the

taste

8. coincide

the results

from

products

a certain respect

into less-academic art

took place

with

rein to experiment

9. celebrate

10. defy 11. worship the

god of

12. the cult

13. it is a moot

14. immortalize 15. derive pleasure

16. valid

the psychology

materialism

point

figure

Monroe from TV , magazine,

comics

subject matter

postwar consumerism

Transcribe

quasi-photographic …………….. diverge……………… immortalize ………………

coincide ………….. anarchy……………..

c1) Watch the video file 1 called “Introduction to Pop art” to

get pre-knowledge of this art movement


http://halfme.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/events_warhol03.j

http://halfme.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/events_warhol02.j

103

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IxcJsXyWtQ

c2) Read the text & express your attitude to the this style of


What is Pop Art?

The Impressionists changed everything when their art

was accepted. From this point on, artists had free rein to

experiment. Even if the public loathed the results, it was still

Art, and thus accorded a certain respect. Movements, schools

and styles - in dizzying number - came, went, diverged from

one another and sometimes melded.

"The term first appeared in

Britain during the 1950s and referred to the interest of a

number of artists in the images of mass media, advertising,

comics and consumer products. The term ``Pop Art'' was

first used by the English critic Lawrence Alloway in a 1958

issue of Architectural Digest to describe those paintings that

celebrate post-war consumerism, defy the psychology of

Abstract Expressionism, and worship the god of

materialism. The most famous of the Pop artists, the cult

figure Andy Warhol, recreated quasi-photographic paintings of people or everyday

objects.

The 1950s were a period of optimism in Britain following the end of war-time

rationing, and a consumer boom took place. Influenced by the art seen in Eduardo

Paolozzi's 1953 exhibition Parallel between Art and Life at the Institute for

Contemporary Arts, and by American artists such as Jasper Johns and Robert

Rauschenberg, British artists such as Richard Hamilton and the Independent Group

aimed at broadening taste into more popular, less academic art. Hamilton helped

organize the 'Man, Machine, and Motion' exhibition in 1955, and 'This is Tomorrow'

with its landmark image Just What is it that makes today's home so different, so

appealing? (1956). Pop Art therefore coincided with the youth and pop music

phenomenon of the 1950s and '60s, and became very much a part of the image of

fashionable, 'swinging' London. Peter Blake, for example, designed album covers for

Elvis Presley and the Beatles and placed film stars such as Brigitte Bardot in his

pictures in the same way that Warhol was immortalizing Marilyn Monroe in the

USA. Pop art came in a number of waves, but all its adherents - Joe Trilson, Richard

Smith, Peter Phillips, David Hockney and R.B. Kitaj - shared some interest in the

urban, consumer, modern experience."

It is a moot point as to whether the most extraordinary innovation of 20th-

century art was Cubism or Pop Art. Both arose from a rebellion against an accepted

style: the Cubists thought Post-Impressionist artists were too tame and limited, while

Pop Artists thought the Abstract Expressionist pretentious and over-intense. Pop


104

Art brought art back to the material realities of everyday life, to popular culture

(hence ``pop''), in which ordinary people derived most of their visual pleasure from

television, magazines, or comics.

One of the main conceptual objectives of Pop Art was to blur the boundaries

between high art and low or popular culture. The concept behind Pop Art is not

limited to the art produced within this group of artists, it also referred to the attitudes

that surrounded and inspired them. Some experts interpret these attitudes as a

reaction to Abstract Expressionism, which was an American post WWII art

movement characterized by emotional intensity and associated with anarchy,

freedom, and rebellion.

Pop Art on the other hand is for the most part emotionally cold towards its

subject matter and is associated with mechanical means of reproduction such as

photography and printmaking.

Pop Art's World Wide Influence

In the United States Pop Art gained momentum in the 1960s and is now mostly

associated with the work of New York artists such as Andy Warhol, Roy

Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist, and Claes Oldenberg, however they were part of a

bigger phenomenon happening in various parts of the world. For example, the French

equivalent of pop art was called Nouveau Réalisme and although it shared the

concerns of its American counterparts in dealing with commercial culture, the French

artists focused their art production in the area of sculpture.

In Spain, Pop Art is associated with the new figurativism and among the best known

artists working in this style were Manolo Valdes and Rafael Solbes who made up the

artist duo EQUIPO CRONICA and worked in Valencia during the late 1960s and the

the 1970s.

The Pop Art movement still influences new generations of artists today. It

opened up a world of possibilities by allowing the use of everyday culture and its

symbols and objects to become valid subject matter in art, questioning the elitism

that was associated with art and bringing it closer to a broader audience.

Ошибка! Недопустимый объект гиперссылки. http://arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/op_art.htm

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/tl/20th/pop-art.html

http://video.about.com/arthistory/What-is-Pop-Art-.htm

Make up true or false questions

c) Vocabulary2. Look through the text again & explain the





word definition

1. intensity

2. pretentious


http://arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/op_art.htm

105

3. gain

4. derive

5. interpret

6. coincide

7. immortalize



noun verb adjective

intensity

pretentious

print-making

derive

coincide

immortalize

2.Watch the documentary by Alistair Sooke called ‘Modern

Masters- Andy Warhol’

&about the titans of modern

art that have influenced the

world we live in now &

discuss the questions in

class.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWU7I6fGpMI

3.Watch the art documentary about Roy Lichtenstein

Documentary (1990) - POP ART Graphic Design. Discuss its

heritage in art history.

4. Render the ideas.

1. ПОП-АРТ (англ. popart, сокращение от popularart – популярное, общедоступное

искусство; второе значение слова связано со звукоподражательным англ. рop –

отрывистый удар, хлопок, шлепок, т.е. производящее шокирующий эффект) –

направление в искусстве конца 1950-х – начала 1970-х; возникает как оппозиция

беспредметному абстракционизму; знаменует переход к концепции нового

авангардизма.

2. Представители поп-арта провозгласили своей целью «возвращение к реальности», но

реальности, уже опосредованной масс-медиа: источником их вдохновения стали

глянцевые журналы, реклама, упаковка, телевидение, фотография.

3. Поп-арт вернул предмет в искусство, но это был предмет, не опоэтизированный

художественным видением, а предмет нарочито бытовой, связанный с современной


106

индустриальной культурой и, в особенности, с современными формами информации

(печать, телевидение, кинематограф).

4. Новые технические приемы, позаимствованные из промышленного дизайна и

рекламы: фотопечать, использование диапроектора, включение реальных предметов,

способствовали как «обезличиванию» индивидуальной творческой манеры

художника, так и «раскрытию эстетической ценности» образцов массовой продукции.

5. Поп-арт зародился в Англии; наибольшей известности достигли американские и

французские художники. Сходные направления появились в Италии, Германии, и

даже в СССР, отделенном в то время от остального мира «железным занавесом».

6. Товарный фетишизм и идеология равных возможностей в США приводят к тому, что

с конца 1950-х поп-арт (здесь его вначале называют неодада) получает широкое

распространение в американском искусстве. Международную известность поп-арту в

его американском варианте принесли такие художники как Роберт Раушенберг, Рой

Лихтенштейн, Джэспер Джонс, Джеймс Розенквист, Том Весселман, Клаас

Олденбург, Энди Уорхол

7. Эти художники реабилитируют мир красоты банального, в их произведениях сквозит

гордость тем, что американская торговля изобрела такие товары, которые всегда

хороши, дешевы и равнодоступны.

8. Их искусство – в определенном смысле памятник таким товарам и социальному

равенству, ведь потребляя продукт, мы можем идентифицировать себя с любым

другим потребителем этого продукта: «Ты можешь смотреть телевизор и видеть кока-

колу, и ты знаешь, что президент пьет кока-колу, Лиз Тейлор пьет кока-колу, ты тоже

можешь пить кока-колу…Все бутылки кока-колы одинаковы и все они хороши» –

говорил Э.Уорхол, прославляя потребление и делая потребление (чужих образов)

частью своего искусства.

9. Уорхол отмечал, что «поп-арт поменял внутреннее и внешнее местами. Поп-артисты

создавали образы, который любой человек, идущий по Бродвею, узнавал в ту же

секунду – комиксы, столы для пикника, мужские штаны, знаменитости, занавески для

душа, холодильники, бутылки кока-колы – все те великие вещи, которые абстрактные

экспрессионисты изо всех сил старались вовсе не замечать».

10. Поп-арт использовал то, что уже есть, и, более того, что набило оскомину, стало

привычным: готовое изделие (readymade – термин введенный в 1912 Марселем

Дюшаном, означал изделие массового производства, выставленное в качестве

произведения искусства) – настоящие консервные банки, бутылки, ящики, флаги,

которые вовлекались в комбинации или подборки (ассамблажи) с другими

настоящими предметами, рисованными или живописными элементами; фотографии;

газетные или журнальные иллюстрации; кинокадры.

5. Follow-up. Make up the Quiz-Test on this art

movement.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………


107

Module 10

Final discussion

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

FINAL DISCUSSION

Modern ART

1. To sum it up talking about modern art try to

match the pictures depicting ladle in all

modern art trends with the trends below. Render the ideas &

discuss what kind of trends appeals to you most.

КЛАССИЦИЗМ РОМАНТИЗМ РЕАЛИЗМ.. НАТУРАЛИЗМ - ДЕКОРАТИВИЗМ

РЕГИОНАЛИЗМ ИМПРЕССИОНИЗМ ПУАНТИЛИЗМ ЭКСПРЕССИОНИЗМ ФОВИЗМ

ДАДАИЗМ ПОП-АРТ Oп- APT КИНЕТИЗМ КУБИЗМ ФУТУРИЗМ ОРФИЗМ.

ПРИМИТИВИЗМ СЮРРЕАЛИЗМ КОНСТРУКТИВИЗМ ПУРИЗМ СИМВОЛИЗМ

АБСТРАКТНЫЕ КАРТИНЫ

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.


108

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

2. Rendertheideas

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ЖИВОПИСИ

Одно дождливое утро можно посвятить походу в городскую галерею. Попробуем

уяснить себе суть отдельных направлений в живописи на примере изображения

ковшика. КЛАССИЦИЗМ - направление в искусстве XVIII века. Вдохновляется образами

минувшего (античности). Стремится к целесообразности, воплощенной в технически

совершенных формах. Пейзажисты эпохи классицизма придумывают и создают на своих

полотнах воображаемые ландшафты. Фигуры людей художники включают в театральные и

исторические сцены в античном стиле. На нашей иллюстрации показан кувшин в виде

амфоры без украшений.

РОМАНТИЗМ является антиподом классицизма и предшественником реализма. Он

также берет сюжеты из прошлого, но главным образом из средневековья. Пейзажисты

выбирают мрачноватые мотивы: развалины, лесную мельницу и т.п. Изображая людей,

художники выбирают сюжеты' из отечественной истории. На нашем примере представлено

изображение доисторической урны в виде ковша.

РЕАЛИЗМ. Художник обращается к современности. Он изображает ее так, как видит,

отбрасывая при этом мешающие ему частности.

НАТУРАЛИЗМ - это утрированный реализм. Художник изображает и случайные

детали, стремясь к крайней степени сходства. На иллюстрации -поврежденный ковш.

ДЕКОРАТИВИЗМ - приукрашенный реализм с искусственной компоновкой. На

нашем примере - плоское изображение ковша с украшениями.

РЕГИОНАЛИЗМ - реализм, детализирующий особенности национальной культуры,

свойственные какой-либо местности. На иллюстрации - народная керамика в форме ковша.


109

ИМПРЕССИОНИЗМ запечатлевает переменчивые оттенки света и цвета в природе,

прозрачность и легкость атмосферы. В рисунке это - вихрь штрихов без четких линий,

ограничивающих предмет. Импрессионизм зародился во Франции во второй половине XIX

века (Мане, Моне, Ренуар).

ПУАНТИЛИЗМ - разновидность импрессионизма. Пуантилисты пишут свои картины

исключительно с помощью мелких цветных точек, достигая при этом особого ощущения

света при взгляде на картину издали (Сера, Синьяк).

ЭКСПРЕССИОНИЗМ - выражение взволнованного внутреннего мира художника. Его

состояние души, его чувства передаются с помощью красок. Поэтому цвета на картинах

экспрессионистов соответствуют не столько увиденному, сколько ощущаемому (Мунк,

Энсср).

ФОВИЗМ - французское направление в экспрессионизме (от французского fauves -

дикие). Картины фовистов играют яркими, резкими красками - голубым, розовым,

пурпурным, независимо от того, как изображаемые предметы выглядят в действительности

(Матисс, Дерен, Дюфи, Марке).

ДАДАИЗМ зародился в 1916-1922 годах. Он не стремился создавать вечную красоту

или порядок, а как раз наоборот, отражал пустоту идеалов, из-за которых тысячи людей

убивали друг друга во время первой мировой войны. Дадаисты показывали извращенную

логику бюрократизма и фальшь лицемерия {Дюшан, Арп, Эрнст). Ныне мы являемся

свидетелями новой волны дадаизма в так называемом искусстве „поп-арт".

ПОП-АРТ (от английского popular -народный). Поп-арт соединяет немыслимые в

сочетании вещи повседневного быта или их изображения (Р. Гамильтон). На нашей

иллюстрации представлен настоящий ковш с крышкой и прибором.

Oп- APT (оптическое) - направление в искусстве, раздражающее зрительный нерв

противоречивыми формами и ритмом плоскостей и линий (Альберс, Вазарели).

КИНЕТИЗМ (движение -от греческого kinein - двигаться) вызывает в глазах некое

ритмическое движение с помощью чередования белого и черного цвета. Возникает

впечатление движения, мелькания, искрения (Вазарели). Иная разновидность кинетизма

создает композиции картин, которые при осмотре с разных сторон открываются взгляду с

разных точек зрения.

КУБИЗМ отрицает изображение предметов в том виде, как мы их представляем. Он

стремится найти способ выражения их сути. Кубизм низводит формы до основных

геометрических схем, раскладывает предметы на составные части и объединяет их в

абстрактное целое плоского декоративного изображения (ранний Пикассо).

ФУТУРИЗМ зародился в Италии. Художники стремились путем разложения предмета

на отдельные изображения вызвать впечатление движения (Умберто Боччони, Джино

Северини, Карло Карро). Наша иллюстрация показывает вращающийся ковш.

ОРФИЗМ. Художественное направление, возникшее накануне первой мировой войны.

Картины выглядят как пучки красочных радуг и вызывают ощущение музыки и ритма

(Делоне, Купка).

ПРИМИТИВИЗМ имитирует рисунки нецивилизованных племен или детские

рисунки. Картины примитивистов характеризует неправильная перспектива, плоскостное

изображение предметов (Шагал), Сюда же мы относим „наивных художников", которые

никогда не учились рисовать или писать картины, но тем не менее ощутили потребность

отразить свои чувства и воспоминания в трогательных произведениях. Их картины

подкупают сильным чувством и искренностью, несмотря на детскую неловкость в технике

(Руссо, Пиросмани).

СЮРРЕАЛИЗМ погружает в мир мечты и фантастических сфер подсознания, где

нет логики и контроля разума (Дали).

КОНСТРУКТИВИЗМ стремится как можно подробнее отразить механизированный

характер эпохи. Его девиз - „Между искусством и изобретением нет границы". Он отрицает

рисунок и живопись, а работает непосредственно с материалом. Собственно, это


110

продолжение кубизма, но уже в архитектуре (Татлин, Родченко, Лисицкий). На нашей

иллюстрации показана неоновая реклама.

ПУРИЗМ подчеркивает принципы простоты и целесообразности. Это - возрождение

классицизма в современном виде. Отрицает излишнюю орнаментальность. Форма красива

сама по себе, если она целесообразна. В рисунке это линейное изображение предмета без

теней.

СИМВОЛИЗМ зародился в конце восьмидесятых годов прошлого века как

отклонение от точного отображения природы. Художники боролись за свое право на

фантазию и свои особые представления о мире. Они изображали символические фигуры,

цвета и особые орнаментальные элементы (Гоген, Чюрленис).

АБСТРАКТНЫЕ КАРТИНЫ изображают вещи, которые мы не видим, как* например,

порыв ветра равновесие мира или собственные невысказанные чувства и мысли. С помощью

особых приемов художники переносят их на полотно. Таким образом, неконкретные вещи и

проблемы становятся конкретными (Кандинский, Малевич).

Passion debate about modern art

3. a) Read the following text. Find in

it arguments for including popular

arts in the art curriculum and

against it. Copy them out into two

columns (I — "for", II — "against"):

A new issue in aesthetic education today has to

do with the choice of art examples to use in the classroom, specif ically, whether they

should be restricted to recognized works of fine art or allowed to include such art

forms as posters, album covers, billboards, and particularly cinema and television.

Since the popular arts are a reflection and product of popular culture, exploring

the popular culture should be a valid method of inquiry. Popular arts are already a

part of the children's lives and they enable the teacher to "start where the kids are".

Further, they facilitate the responses the children are already having with their

preferred art forms rather than imposing adult middle class standards on them. We

know also that art which students encounter in schools — the official or high art

embodied in the official curriculum — stands in an adversary relation to the media of

popular entertainment. A critical analysis :of the forms reflected in popular art is

imperative if we want to elicit meaningful dialogue about art.

Not all writers in art education have taken a positive position in regard to the

popular arts. An opinion exists that fine art objects are the only objects with the

power to impart a markedly aesthetic aspect to human experi ence. Certain scholars

"refuse to cheapen art's magnificent and supreme excellence by comparing it to comic

strips and other essentially vulgar commodities", claiming that popular culture was

the result of the public's inability to appreciate high art. Even those who recognize

popular arts as art forms suggest that the schools should go beyond them, because

"serious art" makes more demands on the viewer.


111

Some art educators argue that concepts of fine art and popular art are relative and

that the distinction between the two is slight if not illusory. What we see in art mu-

seums and art galleries includes a lot of different things from all over the world, from

cultures and periods of time

in which the concept of art, as we know it, did not exist. In their original

contexts, such objects often served a variety of functions, such as magical,

ritualistic, narrative, or utilitarian but almost never aesthetic. .

It is well known that many of the things we regard so highly today, such as

Gothic cathedrals, El Grecos, Rembrandts, Goyas or Cezannes, were ignored or

scorned at different periods of time. Many things we ignore or scorn today, such

as the work of the French or Royal Academies in the 19th century, were at one

time highly regarded. A work's reputation can be affected precipitously by the ac-

cident of reattribution. A highly regarded Rembrandt, subsequently discovered to

be not by Rembrandt drops in value immediately. The same thing can happen in

reverse. Finally, there are cases in which objects have lost not only their

monetary and intrinsic value, but also their status as art objects because they

are fakes.

B) Discuss the text in pairs. One partner will take the

optimistic view and insist that popular arts should be

included in the art curriculum. The other will defend the

opposite point of view.

Consider the following:

FOR AGAINST

1. The differences between

popular and fine art are often

matters of classification.

2. Popular art facilitates the

aesthetic experience and

therefore is appropriate for

study in the field of art

education.

3. The content of the popular

arts is of relevance to the

students and, through

art criticism, can lead to a

more penetrating analysis of

these and other art forms.

4. The popular arts allow

students to talk about

emotionally meaningful ex-

1 Fine arts in each epoch supplied the

models from which the rules and

principles were derived.

2 Fine arts are more noble, more

worthy than all the other

opportunities

available for visual aesthetic experience

around us.

3 Tastes should be developed through

images of high artistic culture, whereas

works of popular culture as a rule

meet consumer's tastes.

4 Excellent, or fine art. is better than

poor art for providing students with a

strong personal and cultural

awareness.

5. A lot of popular art is debased and


112

periences.

5. They can aid the student's

understanding of his culture

as well as the cultures of

other peoples.

meretricious.

6. We have no right to "condemn"

students to the easily comprehensible

forms of popular art. Any student can

develop an appreciation of the fine arts.

7. The habit of looking at good pictures

is in itself a means by which taste can be

formed.


113

References All videos taken from Youtube.com All images & reproductions of paintings taken from google.com

1. Richards, C. Interchange 3 [Text]/ C.Richards, J.Hull, S Proctor. Cambridge University Press - 2003

2. Кабакчи, В.В. Практика англоязычной межкультурной коммуникации [Текст]/ В.В.Кабакчи. -

Издательство: Союз, 2007

3. Impressionism. Info [Electronic resource] / http://www.impressionism.info/info.html

4. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_impressionist_art

5. Advanced listening

6. Neo-Impressionism - Art History 101 Basics [Electronic resource] /

http://arthistory.about.com/od/modernarthistory/a/Neo-Impressionism-Art-History-101-Basics.htm

7. http://www.ehow.com/about_6569030_post-impressionism-art_.html#ixzz1l0VUc6Le

8. http://www.ehow.com/about_6569030_post-impressionism-art_.html

9. Post-Impressionism - Art History 101 Basics http://arthistory.about.com/od/modernarthistory/a/Post-

Impressionism-Art-History-101-Basics.htm

10. Doff, A. Listening 3 [Text] / F.Doff

11. New English File. Pre-intermediate

12. http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Art/fauvism.shtml

13. http://wwar.com/masters/movements/fauvism.

14. htmlhttp://www.towson.edu/~sisaacs/docs/StudyGuide.pdf,

15. http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/tl/20th/fauvism.html,

16. http://arts.enotes.com/oxford-art-encyclopedia/fauvism

17. http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Art/fauvism.shtml

18. How to paint like a Wild Beast: http://lauraspector.hubpages.com/hub/Childrens-Fauvist-Paintings-Bring-

Out-Their-Wild-Beast

19. Cubism ttp://artsmarts4kids.blogspot.com/2008/09/cubism.html

20. How to Make Cubism Art. ttp://www.ehow.com/how_5214911_make-cubism-art.html

21. Futurism

22. Futurism http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Futurism_art

23. what is futurism

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/arts/scultpureplastic/SculptureHistory/European20thCentury/Futuristscul

pture/WhatisFuturism/WhatisFuturism.htm

24. Футуризм. О поэтическом течении. http://slova.org.ru/n/futurizm/

25. Expressionism movements http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/C20th/expressionism.htmAbstract art

movement http://painting.about.com/od/abstractart/a/abstract_art.htm

26. Abstract Art http://abstractart.20m.com/

27. Understanding Abstract art http://www.blurtit.co

28. Dada art movement http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_dadaism

29. http://3514.blogspot.com/2010/12/dadaism-images.html

30. How to Create Dada Art http://www.ehow.com/how_7345064_create-dada-art.html

33. Даадаизм http://literary_terms.academic.ru/133/

34. Pussy Riot prank in cathedral

35. has Russians divided in their assessments

36. http://rbth.ru/articles/2012/03/27/for_what_should_pussy_riot_be_responsible_and_how_15183.html

37. Аракин 4 курс















http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Futurism_art

http://painting.about.com/od/abstractart/a/abstract_art.htm

http://www.blurtit.co/



http://rbth.ru/articles/2012/03/27/for_what_should_pussy_riot_be_responsible_and_how_15183.html

114

Учебное издание

Войткова Анастасия Николаевна

A CRASH COURSE IN THE

20TH CENTURY ART: (a guide to understanding

&enjoyingmodernart)

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