8th Grade “Capstone” Course

9 Weeks

Technological Systems

Welcome to Technological Systems!

• Have a seat anywhere (for now)

• Take out a fresh sheet of paper

• Write your definition of technology and give three examples.

Today: I will outline course topics and have you compare natural and human-made systems.

“I think technology is ___________________. Some examples are____________________

1/26/12

engagement

Technology is:

• Applying knowledge, tools, and skills to solve problems and extend human capabilities.

engagement

Let’s look at a system usingthis Systems Model

Resources•Capital •Time

•Information •Energy

•Materials •People

•Tools and Machines

Input Process Output

Feedback

How did this system match the parts in our model?

exploration

Compare and ContrastNatural System

• The Human Body• Subsystems include:

– Cardiovascular– Respiratory– Skeletal– Digestive– Nervous– Muscular

Human-Made System• Automobile• Subsystems include:

– Power Train– Braking System– Exhaust System– Electrical– Fuel– Cooling– Steering

Copy this information and create a chart of “similarities” and “differences”

engagement

9/6 Copy and list examples

• “An open-loop system has no feedback path and requires human intervention.”– Example “Watering the lawn requires a

person to decide when to turn it off”

• List 1 more example

Drill 1/27

• Linkage - A system of interconnected machine elements, such as rods, springs, and pivots, used to transmit power or motion.

• Ex Scissor Jack

Systems Thinking• Thinking about things as systems means

looking for how every part relates to others.

•Ductwork and vents•Condenser•Humidifier•Furnace•Refrigerant lines•Condensation lines•Evaporator•Electrical lines•Natural Gas Lines•Air Filter•Thermostat•Fan

exploration

What is a system?• Systems – A system is a group of

interrelated components designed collectively to achieve a desired goal.

School SystemTeachers

Facility ManagersPolicies Administrators

School BuildingStudents

Curriculum

Teaching Strategies

Transportation

What is the desired goal?

Solving Problems

• New products and systems can be developed to solve problems or to help do things that could not be done without the help of technology.

Manufacturing

Conveyer BeltsRobotic ArmsLaser Cutting ToolsKanban – “card” in Japanese

System Parts

• Technology systems include input, process, output and, at times, feedback

• An open-loop system has no feedback path and requires human intervention.

Lawn Sprinkler System is set to a timer. It does not measure soil moisture as a form of feedback. Turns on even in the rain.

Feedback

• A closed-loop system uses feedback that is built in to the system.

Most new clothes dryers include a moisture sensor that will end the cycle once the contents are dry.

• Identify each of these as open or closed loop systems– Garbage disposal– Hands free faucet– Ice maker in refrigerator– Electric Pencil Sharpener

Parts working together

• Systems have parts or components that work together to accomplish a goal.

• A subsystem is a system that operates as part of another system.

Malfunctioning Systems

• When parts of a system are missing or malfunctioning, the system may not work properly.

• What malfunctions can cause the bike to not work properly?

System Connections

• Technology systems can be connected to one another, both internally and externally.

• The output from one part of a system (which can include material, energy, or information) can become the input to other parts.

Tech Ed gradingsystem

School Grading System

Output

Class Grade

Output

ReportCard

11/15 Copy this systems model

Resources

Input Process Output

Feedback

8/31 Copy

• Mechanical Technology – putting parts together to produce, control, and transmit motion.

• Ex Scissor Jack

11/12 Copy

• Mechanical Technology – putting ______ together to _______, control, and transmit ___________.

• Ex Scissor Jack

Drill 9/1

• __________ - A system of interconnected machine elements, such as _________, _______, and _____, used to transmit power or _________.

• Ex Scissor Jack

Copy and unscramble these safety rules

• the any report teacher incident to

• your in when doubt teacher ask

• other their and respect people property

• out watch other always people for

11/15 Copy this systems model

Resources

Input Process Output

Feedback

2/1 Copy

• Requirements are parameters placed on the design of a product or system.– Parameters are limits that often refer to

criteria and constraints

Requirements

Criteria What must it do? How well must it do a job?

The bridge must be 8 feet wide and hold 2 tons.

Constraints What resources are we limited to?

We have $4,000 and 2 months to complete the project

9/6 Copy

• Requirements are __________________

_________________________________.– Parameters are limits that often refer to

criteria and constraints

Requirements

Criteria What must it do? How well must it do a job?

The bridge must be 8 feet wide and hold 2 tons.

Constraints What resources are we limited to?

We have $4,000 and 2 months to complete the project

9/2 Copy and list examples

• “An ______________system has no _____________ path and requires _______ intervention.”– Example “Watering the lawn requires a person to

decide when to turn it off”

• _____________

• _____________

Try this!• 1 input makes 2 different outputs