7.5 x 11.5.threelines - cambridge university...

620

Name index

Abbe, Cleveland (1838–1916), 222–23, 466

Abell, George Ogden (1927–1983), 47, 248

Abbott, Francis Preserved (1799–1883), 517–19

Abney, William (1843–1920), 360Adams, John Couch (1819–1892), 122,

150, 241, 305, 415, 427Airy, George Biddell (1801–1892), 9, 52,

99, 106, 112, 120–21, 132, 135, 146, 217, 222, 241, 252, 417, 427, 472, 502, 517–18

Aitken, Robert Grant (1864–1951), 462–63, 510–11

Alexander, Stephen (1806–1883), 83, 241Ames, Adelaide (1900–1932), 467–68Amici, Giovan Battista (1786–1863), 96,

171, 216, 263–64, 328–29, 334, 365, 495, 505, 529–31, 534, 536

Anderson, Thomas David (1853–1932), 403

André, Charles Louis Françoise (1842–1912), 530

Arago, Dominique Françoise Jean (1786–1853), 43, 134

Aratos (-315– -245), 16, 18, 444, 446, 450, 456

Archenhold, Friedrich Simon (1861–1939), 397, 401–02, 556

Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August (1799–1875), 58, 124, 144, 150–51, 158, 161–64, 166, 174–75, 181, 206, 235–37, 239, 259–60, 279, 380, 458, 501, 503, 506–07, 546

Aristotle (-384– -322), 16, 18, 446, 450, 455

Arp, Halton Christian (1927–), 44, 399, 430

As-Sufi, Abd-al-Rahman (903–986), 15–16, 167, 441–42, 446, 449–50, 455, 475, 516

Austin, Edward P. (1843–1906), 6, 82, 335, 337, 446, 450

Auwers, Georg Friedrich Julius Arthur v. (1838–1915), 7, 10, 12, 14–15, 26–27, 47, 50–51, 61, 65, 68–69, 88, 92–93, 97, 123, 127, 130, 134–36, 139, 144–45, 146, 147, 148–49, 151, 154–56, 158, 160–64, 166–67, 169–70, 172, 176, 178–83, 186–87, 198, 204–05, 210, 218, 220–22, 234–37, 253, 258, 260, 279, 286–88, 291, 439, 441, 446, 450, 472–74, 493, 498, 500–03, 505, 523–27, 536

Baade, Wilhelm Heinrich Walter (1893–1960), 385, 399, 462, 512

Baader, Michael (1810–1866), 526Backhouse, Thomas William

(1842–1920), 188, 533, 540–41Baeker, Carl Wilhelm (1819–1882), 144Bailey, Mark (1952–), 486Bailey, Solon Irving (1854–1931), 17, 29,

382, 466, 536, 555, 557, 560Baillaud, Edouard Benjamin

(1848– 1934), 530Baily, Francis (1774–1844), 53, 55, 56,

303–04, 344, 346, 444–46, 450Ball, Robert Stawell (1840–1913),

101–04, 139, 171, 189, 226, 229, 295, 297–98, 303, 304, 305, 306–08, 310, 314–15, 319–20, 323, 446, 450, 492, 555

Baracchi, Pietro Paolo Giovanni Ernesto (1851–1926), 415, 416, 416, 418–21, 444–46, 450

Barnard, Edward Emerson (1857–1923), 5, 8, 17, 33, 74, 97, 116–17, 142, 160,

164, 183, 229, 256, 271, 295, 338–42, 344, 346, 348, 360, 364, 367, 369, 393, 395, 395, 396–404, 406, 410, 415, 423–24, 436, 441, 446, 448, 450, 455, 458–59, 461–63, 470, 477, 481, 483, 505–11, 513–14, 517, 520, 526, 533, 540–42, 548–61

Barnard, Mary (née Calvert) (?–1921), 396

Bauschinger, Julius (1860–1934), 442Baxendell, Joseph (1815–1887), 323, 384,

384, 384–85, 446, 500, 537Bayer, Johann (1572–1625), 16Becker, Ernst Emil Hugo (1843–1912), 263Becker, Friedrich Eberhard (1900–1985),

385, 466, 559Becker, Ludwig Wilhelm Emil Ernst

(1860–1947), 474Benzenberg, Johann Friedrich

(1777–1846), 174Bergstrand, Carl Östen Emanuel

(1873–1948), 293Berthon, Edward Lyon (1813–1899),

118, 379Bessel, Franz Friedrich Wilhelm

(1784–1846), 66, 68, 70, 122, 150, 152, 157, 186, 221, 239, 251, 472, 501, 523, 525, 531

Bevis, John (1695–1771), 16, 167, 446, 450, 453

Bianchi, Giuseppe (1791–1866), 96, 97, 186

Bidschof, Friedrich (1864–1915), 460, 474

Biela, Wilhelm v. (1782–1856), 71, 269, 284, 337

Bigourdan, Guillaume (1851–1932), 8, 12, 18, 33, 62, 203, 242–43, 250, 257–58, 271–72, 290, 329, 340, 350,

The dates of birth and death, if available, for all 545 people (astronomers, telescope makers etc.) listed here are given. The data are mainly taken from the standard work Biographischer Index der Astronomie (Dick, Brüggenthies 2005). Some information has been added by the author (this especially concerns living twentieth-century astronomers). Members of the families of Dreyer, Lord Rosse and other astronomers (as mentioned in the text) are not listed. For obituaries see the references; compare also the compilations presented by Newcomb–Engelmann (Kempf 1911), Mädler (1873), Bode (1813) and Rudolf Wolf (1890). Markings: bold = portrait; underline = short biography.

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Name index 621

354, 356, 367, 371–72, 376, 382, 384, 395, 422, 422, 423–27, 436, 446, 448, 450, 453, 455–56, 458–60, 462, 464–65, 467, 473–74, 493, 506, 508, 513, 521

Birmingham, John (1829–1884), 175Bishop, George (1785–1861), 121, 122,

122, 123, 131, 251Blagden, Charles (1748–1820), 59–60Block, Eugen (1847–1912), 172–73,

261–62, 264, 323, 340–41, 448Bode, Johann Elert (1747–1826), 15–16,

25, 35, 37, 42–43, 48–50, 64, 68, 157–58, 167, 179–80, 182, 186, 221, 242, 439, 446, 450, 459, 475, 481–83, 493

Boeddicker, Otto (1853–1937), 101, 307, 315–16

Boguslawski, Heinrich v. (1789–1851), 165

Bond, George Phillips (1825–1865), 88, 124, 125, 126–31, 162, 183, 188, 195, 203–05, 215, 217, 221–22, 231–32, 234, 241, 314–15, 320–21, 336–37, 346, 348, 357, 403, 407–09, 441, 446, 450, 481, 490–91, 516

Bond, William Cranch (1789–1859), 111, 124, 125, 132, 408–09

Börgen, Carl Nicolai Jensen (1843–1909), 310

Borrelly, Alphonse Louis Nicholas (1842–1926), 127, 130, 263–64, 266–67, 270–71, 274, 276, 277, 293, 319–20, 383, 446, 450

Borst, Charles Augustus Rufus (1851–1918), 325

Boulliau, Ismaël (1605–1694), 125, 515Bourget, Carl Etienne Henry

(1864–1921), 271Bouris, Georg Constantin (1802–1860),

174Bowditch, Nathaniel (1773–1838), 127Brahe, Tycho (1546–1601), 15, 149,

225–26, 228–29Brashear, John Alfred (1840–1920), 382,

427, 560Bredikhin, Fedor Alexandrowitsch

(1831–1904), 232, 282Breen, Hugh (1824–1891), 502Breen, James (1826–1866), 125, 183, 498,

500–02Bremiker, Carl (1804–1877), 122, 149Brenner, Leo [Spiridon Gopčević]

(1855–1936), 383, 511, 560Brett, John (1831–1902), 541Brisbane, Thomas Makdougall

(1773–1860), 72–73, 79Brooks, William Robert (1844–1921),

338, 340, 396

Brorsen, Theodor Johann Christian Ambders (1819–1895), 88, 166, 169, 170, 183, 186, 221, 252, 446, 450

Browning, John (1835–1925), 299, 305, 308, 528, 538

Brück, Hermann Alexander (1905–2000), 142

Brück, Mary Teresa (1925–2008), xviiBrünnow, Franz Friedrich Ernst

(1821–1891), 106, 152, 299, 305, 409Bruce, Catherine Wolfe (1816–1900),

177, 396Bruhns, Carl Christian (1830–1881), 88,

149, 161, 166, 169, 169, 170, 172, 183, 221, 260, 277–79, 446, 450, 459, 528

Buckingham, James, 10, 312Bülow, Friedrich Gustav v. (1817–1893),

278Burnham, Robert jr. (1931–1993), 383,

465Burnham, Sherburne Wesley

(1838–1921), 121, 139, 154, 198, 207, 232, 244, 246, 284, 295, 323, 332, 340, 343, 346, 357, 358, 359, 360, 362–69, 378, 382, 393–96, 398, 403–05, 407, 414, 424, 446, 450, 459, 465, 506–12, 517, 533, 538–41, 547, 550, 560

Burritt, Eliah Hinsdale (1794–1838), 340Burton, Charles Edward (1846–1882),

101, 139, 215, 226, 252, 297–98, 305, 306, 307

Buta, Ronald James (1952–), 195Butillon, 286Butler, John (1940–), 486Byrne, John, 395

Cacciatore, Gaetano (1814–1889), 69, 186Cacciatore, Niccolò (1780–1841), 12, 63,

69, 70, 71, 80, 446, 450Calver, George (1834–1927), 386, 388,

535Calvert, Ebenezer (1850–1924), 557, 560Calvert, Mary Rhoda (1885–1973), 396Campbell, William Wallace (1862–1938),

404, 408Cannon, Annie Jump (1863–1941), 390Capocci, Ernesto (1798–1864), 64–66, 71,

183, 186, 324Carlson, Dorothy, 44, 467–68Carpenter, Henry James (1849/50–1899),

394Carrington, Richard Christopher

(1826–1875), 131, 142, 162Cary, William (1759–1825), 41–42Cassini, Giovanni Domenico

(1625–1712), 15–16, 446, 450Cassini, Jean Dominique (1748–1845), 60

Cauchoix, Robert-Aglae (1776–1845), 106, 137, 140–41, 368

Cederblad, Sven Aldo (1914–1991), 162, 376, 385, 403, 504, 512, 522

Cerulli, Vincenzo (1859–1927), 429, 460Chacornac, Jean (1823–1873), 9, 122,

138, 156, 182, 188, 205, 206–07, 221, 269, 325–26, 334, 438, 446, 448, 453, 491–93, 498–99, 501, 503, 511, 514–15, 525–27

Challis, James (1803–1882), 111, 502Chambers, George Frederick (1841–1915),

59, 78, 120–21, 142, 498, 502–03, 514, 530

Chance, Robert Lucas (1782–1865), 10Chapman, Allan (1946–), 9Charlois, Auguste Honoré Pierre

(1864–1910), 544Chauvenet, William (1820–1870), 404Chevallier, Temple (1794–1873), 252, 267Christie, William Henry Mahoney

(1845–1922), 227, 465, 494, 534, 555–56Clacy, John, 508Clark, Alvan Graham (1832–1897), 173,

282, 338, 342–43, 361, 369–70, 431, 543Clausen, Thomas (1801–1885), 262Clerke, Agnes Mary (1842–1907), 6, 510,

514, 551, 560Coggia, Jérôme Eugene (1849–1919),

270–71, 274, 276, 277, 320, 340, 346, 446, 450, 461

Colbert, Elias (1829–1921), 358–63Common, Andrew Ainslie (1841–1903),

385, 386, 387–88, 397, 418, 435–36, 445–46, 450, 497–98, 533, 535–46

Cook, A. Grace (?–ca 1958), 466Cooke, Charles Frederick (1836–1898),

10, 311, 466, 553–54Cooke, Thomas (1807–1868), 217, 384,

400, 429Coolidge, Phillip Sydney (1830–1863),

125, 125, 126–28, 131, 188, 203–04, 221, 231–32, 320, 446, 448

Cooper, Edward Henry (1827–1902), 137, 252

Cooper, Edward Joshua (1798–1863), 9, 12, 88, 106, 122, 135, 137, 138, 139–40, 157, 183, 205, 221, 252, 327, 446

Copeland, Leland Stanford (1886–1973), 16, 36, 197, 209

Copeland, Ralph (1837–1905), 8, 11, 47, 101, 170, 226, 229, 231–32, 250, 276, 295, 297–98, 300–01, 305, 307, 310, 311, 312–14, 317, 319–21, 323, 326, 343, 364–66, 373, 380–82, 389, 391, 392, 391–95, 403, 428–30, 442, 444, 446, 450, 452, 455, 459, 461, 490, 504, 516–17, 528






622 Name index

Corwin, Harold Glenn (1943–), 433, 470–71

Craig, John (1805–1877), 10, 124, 252, 368

Crossley, Edward (1841–1905), 386, 388Curtis, Heber Doust (1872–1942), 65,

382, 389, 402, 432, 466–67, 512Cysat, Johann Baptist (1587–1657), 16,

18, 407, 441–42, 445, 455

Dallmeyer, Johann Heinrich (1830–1883), 553

Darby, William Arthur (1809–1879), 116, 383, 491, 493

Darquier, Antoine de Pellepoix (1718–1802), 16, 35, 43, 447, 450

d’Arrest, Heinrich Louis (1822–1875), 7–8, 10–14, 23, 35, 37, 46–47, 49–51, 65–66, 83, 88–89, 92, 98, 119, 123, 125, 128, 130–31, 134–36, 141, 146, 148, 149, 150–60, 162–65, 169–70, 175, 177–78, 180–83, 186–88, 196–99, 201–04, 206–10, 217–22, 225–27, 230–31, 235–238, 239, 240–51, 253, 255–57, 259, 265, 267, 269, 272, 274, 276–80, 283–90, 292–93, 297, 301–02, 308–09, 312, 314–15, 318–21, 327, 330, 333–34, 342–48, 355–56, 363–65, 371–72, 375, 412–14, 423–25, 439–40, 442–43, 447–48, 450, 456, 458, 472–74, 478, 480–81, 483, 493–95, 498–509, 514–17, 519, 521, 523–27, 529–31, 534, 536, 544

Davis, Helen, 15Dawes, William Rutter (1799–1868), 122,

132–33, 379, 382, 540de Chéseaux, Jean Phillippe Loys

(1718–1751), 16–18, 28–29, 31, 167, 221, 427, 447, 450, 459, 462, 464, 516

de Kerolyr, Marcel (1873–1969), 402de la Rue, Warren (1815–1889), 125,

252, 417Dembowski, Ercole (1812–1881), 359Denning, William Frederick (1848–1931),

252, 277, 316, 398, 459–60, 462–63, 519, 520, 541–42, 550

de Quincey, Thomas (1785–1859), 99de Vaucouleurs, Gérard Henry

(1918–1995), 468de Vico, Francesco (1805–1848), 139–40,

141, 142, 481, 498Dewhirst, David (1926–), 192Dien, Charles (1809–1870), 186Dixon, Robert S., 468, 470Doberck, August William (1852–1941),

137, 138Döllen, Johann Heinrich Wilhelm

(1820–1897), 144

Dollond, John (1709–1761), 67, 95, 123Donati, Giovan Battista (1826–1873),

125, 171, 284, 338Draper, Henry (1837–1882), 407, 409Dreyer, Alice Beatrice (1879–?), 226Dreyer, Frederic Charles (1878–1956),

225–26Dreyer, George Villiers (1883–?), 227Dreyer, Ida Nicoline Margrethe (née

Randrup) (1812–?), 225Dreyer, Johan Christopher Friedrich

(1814–1898), 225Dreyer, John Louis Emil (1852–1926),

2–3, 7, 17, 18, 26–27, 30, 44, 47–51, 55, 71, 79, 84, 86, 87, 96, 101, 108, 113, 126–129, 131, 133, 137, 139, 148–149, 159–160, 170, 172–174, 177–178, 183, 196, 198, 200–203, 205–206, 215–217, 220–221, 225, 225, 226, 227, 228–32, 237, 240, 242, 245, 247, 249, 253, 256–58, 262–63, 265–66, 269, 273–74, 277, 279, 281–82, 284–88, 290–301, 303–07, 309–21, 323–24, 326–30, 332–37, 339–41, 344–45, 348, 350, 352, 354–56, 362–66, 369–73, 375, 377–78, 381, 384–88, 392–96, 399–403, 405–06, 412, 414, 421–24, 426, 428, 430–31, 439–45, 447–48, 450, 452, 458–62, 465–69, 471–74, 479, 481–83, 485, 493–96, 504–08, 511, 515–17, 519, 521, 531, 534–35, 538–39, 545, 549, 551, 554, 557, 559

Dreyer, John Tuthill (1876–?), 226Dreyer, Katherine Hannah (née Tuthill)

(1858–1923), 226, 230Dumouchel, Étienne Stefano

(1773–1840), 141, 368Dunér, Nils Christoffer (1839–1914),

285, 292, 293, 320, 447, 450Dunlop, James (1793–1848), 5, 8, 12, 56,

61, 63, 71, 72, 72, 73–81, 83, 85–86, 128, 131, 176, 181–82, 186, 188, 212, 231–32, 260–61, 320, 397, 399, 403, 406, 444–45, 447, 450, 453, 456, 458, 462, 464, 481, 483

Eddington, Arthur Stanley (1882–1944), 230

Edmondson, Neil, 102Eichens, Friedrich Wilhelm (1820–1884),

274, 276, 419, 491, 536Ellery, Robert Lewis John (1827–1908),

252, 415, 416, 418–19, 421, 445Ellison, William Frederick Archdall

(1864–1936), 229Encke, Johann Franz (1791–1865), 62, 72,

127, 144, 147–49, 169, 267, 294, 527

Engelhardt, Basilius v. (1828–1915), 232, 439, 441, 464, 473–74, 506

Engelmann, Friedrich Wilhelm Rudolf (1841–1888), 474, 531–32, 538–39

Ertel, Traugott Lebrecht (1778–1858), 67, 138, 149

Esmiol, Emmanuel (1853–?), 273, 375–76, 473

Espin, Thomas Henry Espinall Compton (1858–1934), 382, 396, 462–63

Everett, Edward (1794–1865), 126

Faris, Charles (1847–1924), 102, 229Faye, Hervé Auguste Etienne Alban

(1814–1902), 176, 260, 386, 388, 409Fernley, John (1796–1873), 384Ferrari, Gaspare Stanislao (1834–1903),

143, 267, 269, 270, 320, 346, 444–45, 447, 450

Finlay, William Henry (1849–1924), 464Fitz, Henry (1808–1863), 409Fizeau, Armand Hippolyte Louis

(1819–1896), 271Flammarion, Nicolas Camille

(1842–1925), 17–18, 209, 515Flamsteed, John (1646–1719), 16, 18,

25, 27–28, 31, 34, 50, 55–56, 152, 159, 427, 441, 447, 449–50

Fleming, Williamina Paton Stevens (1857–1911), 23, 390

Foerster, Wilhelm Julius (1832–1921), 161, 480

Foucault, Jean Bernard Léon (1819–1868), 110, 131, 205, 269, 271, 273–74, 377, 415, 417, 419, 501, 536

Franklin-Adams, John (1843–1912), 466Franks, William Sadler (1851–1935), 396Fraunhofer, Joseph v. (1787–1826), 9,

67, 90, 99, 147, 149–50, 159, 162, 186, 216–17, 268, 278, 328, 503

Frost, Royal Harwood (1879–1950), 462

Gale, Walter Frederick (1865–1945), 462–63

Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642), 15, 18, 396Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812–1910), 10,

89, 145, 149Gambey, Henri Prudence (1787–1847),

135, 526Gauß, Carl Friedrich (1777–1855), 63,

144, 163, 324Gautier, Adolph Raoul (1854–1931),

241, 545Gautier, Ferdinand Paul (1842–1909), 544Gaviola, Ramon Enrique (1900–1990),

522Gill, David (1843–1914), 310






Name index 623

Gingerich, Owen Jay (1930–), 18Ginzel, Friedrich Karl (1850–1926), 474Glaisher, James Whitbread Lee

(1848–1928), 541Glenn, John Herschel (1921–), 52Glyn Jones, Kenneth (1915–1995), 18Goldschmidt, Hermann (1802–1866),

165, 173, 499, 526–27, 533, 536–37, 542–43, 547, 551

Gopčević, Spiridon; see Brenner, LeoGore, John Ellard (1845–1910), 15Gothard, Eugen v. (1857–1909), 43, 402,

403, 483, 492, 496–97Gottlieb, Steve (1949–), 471Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824–1896),

66, 325Graff, Kasimir Romuald (1878–1950), 466Graham, Andrew (1815–1907), 138Gravatt, William (1806–1866), 10Gray, T., 103, 307Groombridge, Stephen (1755–1832), 146Grove-Hills, Rdmond Herbert

(1864–1922), 100Grover, Charles (1842–1921), 528–29Grubb, Howard (1844–1931), 280, 417Grubb, Thomas (1801–1878), 100, 106,

132–33, 137, 227–28, 299, 310, 313, 380, 415, 417, 419

Güttler, Adalbert Max Ferdinand Adolf (1912–1964), 385

Gundlach, Ernst (1834–1908), 340, 353Gyulbudaghian, Armen L. (1948–), 522

Hagen, Johann Georg (1847–1930), 8, 12, 384–85, 427, 439, 465–66, 508, 510, 559

Hahn, Friedrich v. (1742–1805), 14, 41–43, 513

Hale, George Ellery (1868–1938), 131, 360, 553, 558

Hall, Asaph (1829–1907), 126, 133, 370, 386, 409, 409, 410, 447, 450, 544

Hall, Maxwell (1845–1920), 530–33, 535–39, 542, 545–46

Halley, Edmond (1656–1742), 16, 18, 71–72, 79–80, 167, 338, 370, 447, 450, 455, 459

Hamilton, James Archibald (1767–1815), 137

Hamilton, William Rowan (1805–1865), 38, 106

Hansen, Peter Andreas (1794–1874), 147

Hardcastle, Joseph Alfred (1868–1917), 229, 466

Harding, Karl Ludwig (1765–1834), 5, 9, 29, 63, 63, 64, 66, 71, 97, 164, 166,

168, 183, 186, 221, 262, 266, 292, 325, 407, 447–48, 450

Harrington, Mark Walrod (1848–1926), 195, 408, 408, 409, 447, 450, 456

Hartmann, Johannes Franz (1865–1936), 382

Hartwig, Carl Ernst Albrecht (1851–1923), 332, 346, 365–66, 412, 413, 414–15, 447, 450

Henderson, Thomas (1798–1844), 66, 181

Henkel, Frederick William (1869–1916), 137

Henry brothers (Paul Henry & Prosper Henry), 8, 86, 205, 438, 447, 450, 455, 543–50, 552

Henry, Mathieu-Prosper (1849–1903), 438, 444, 450, 522, 542

Henry, Paul-Pierre (1848–1905), 438, 438, 444, 450, 522, 542

Herbig, George Howard (1920–), 512, 561

Herschel, Caroline Lucretia (1750–1848), 5, 8, 17, 19–23, 26, 28, 29–31, 34, 36, 47, 50, 53, 55–56, 64–65, 77, 80, 166–68, 173, 179–80, 182, 186, 188, 217–19, 222, 439, 447, 450–51, 459, 466

Herschel, Friedrich Wilhelm [William] (1738–1822), 2, 5, 7, 8, 14, 17–30, 32–44, 46–52, 54, 56, 59–65, 68, 77–81, 83–85, 88–89, 92–93, 95–100, 104–06, 118–21, 127–31, 134–35, 139, 141–42, 145, 148, 150–54, 156–57, 159–60, 164, 166–67, 169–70, 172–83, 186, 195, 198, 200–01, 204–06, 208–11, 213, 216, 218–20, 222, 229, 233–37, 239–40, 242, 245–50, 252–53, 255, 257–58, 260–61, 265, 268–69, 272–74, 279–81, 283–84, 286–88, 291–92, 295, 301–02, 306, 309–10, 314, 318–21, 325–32, 338, 344–50, 353, 355–56, 362, 364, 367, 371–73, 375–77, 382, 385–87, 392, 394, 399–400, 407–08, 411–12, 417, 423, 425, 430, 434–37, 439–41, 443–50, 452–56, 458–62, 464–67, 471–73, 475–77, 481–84, 490–91, 498, 500, 504, 510, 513–16, 519, 521–22, 527, 551, 558–59

Herschel, John Frederick William (1792–1871), 2, 7–8, 21–22, 24, 26–29, 33, 43–44, 47–51, 52, 53–69, 71, 73–89, 94–97, 100, 104–08, 111, 115–16, 118–19, 122, 124, 127, 130–33, 139, 141–43, 150–60, 162, 164, 170, 175–84, 186, 188–89, 192, 196–98, 200–13, 216–23, 226, 229–31, 234–37, 240–41, 247–48, 250, 252–53, 255,

258–61, 268, 271–73, 286–88, 290–91, 293, 295–96, 298–99, 303, 305–06, 310–11, 314–15, 319, 321, 323–25, 329, 333, 336–38, 341, 343, 346, 356, 359, 361, 363, 368, 371–73, 386, 391–92, 397, 402–03, 405, 407–09, 417, 420–22, 436, 439–45, 447–50, 452–56, 458–60, 462, 464, 473–85, 487–88, 490–91, 493, 497–98, 501–03, 513–19, 521, 525–26, 528–29, 539

Herschel, John Lt. (1837–1921), 250, 517–18

Hertel, Wilhelm (1837–1893), 144–45, 262–63, 381, 413, 511, 531

Hevelius, Johannes (1611–1687), 146Hickson, Paul (1950–), 44Hind, John Russell (1823–1895), 5, 9,

13, 69, 88–89, 121, 122, 123–25, 138, 154–56, 163–64, 166, 168, 183, 205–07, 221, 236, 251, 268, 284–86, 447, 450, 498–506, 508–11, 513–15, 519, 522–23, 526, 528, 533

Hinks, Arthur Robert (1873–1945), 466

Hipparch (-190– -125), 5, 16, 18, 28, 31, 56, 441–42, 447, 450, 454

Hodierna, Giovanni Battista (1597–1660), 16–18, 28–29, 31, 56, 80–81, 167, 221, 447, 449–50, 455, 459, 475

Holcombe, Amasa (1787–1875), 94Holden, Edward Singleton (1846–1914),

15, 190, 207, 211, 213, 294–95, 320, 326, 346, 348, 359–60, 366, 368, 388, 390, 396, 403, 404, 405–06, 408–10, 442, 447–48, 450, 481–82, 509, 517, 530, 538–39, 550

Holetschek, Johann (1846–1923), 323, 466, 548

Holmberg, Eric Bertil (1908–2000), 44, 423

Hooper, John R., 542Hoskin, Michael (1930–), 12, 15, 37, 80,

86, 192Hough, George Washington (1836–1909),

332, 357, 359, 360, 361, 363, 365–67, 414, 447, 450, 533, 538–41, 547, 560

Howe, Herbert Alonzo (1858–1926), 216, 231, 350, 354, 432, 462–63

Hubble, Edwin Powell (1889–1953), 40, 118, 176, 402, 467, 512, 514

Huggins, Margaret Lindsay Murray (1848–1915), 133, 450, 480

Huggins, William (1824–1910), 11, 93, 112, 144, 159, 196, 221, 250, 305, 333, 368–69, 407, 450

Humboldt, Friedrich Willhelm Heinrich Alexander v. (1769–1859), 15, 18, 325






624 Name index

Hunt, George (1823–1896), 533, 540Hunter, Samuel, 101, 103, 112, 190–92,

195–96, 198, 201, 297–301, 303–04, 308, 346, 444–45, 447, 450, 462, 483, 487, 490–91, 493, 516, 521

Huth, Johann Sigismund Gottfried (1763–1818), 66

Huygens, Christiaan (1629–1695), 367, 475

Ihle, Johann Abraham (1627–1699), 15–16, 447, 450, 455, 459

Innes, Robert Thorburn Ayton (1861–1933), 177, 462–63

Jahn, Gustav Adolph (1804–1857), 64, 169, 439

Javelle, Stéphane (1864–1917), 160, 183, 203, 348, 371–73, 460, 462

Jeans, James Hopwood (1877–1946), 230Jeaurat, Edme-Sébastien (1724–1803),

525, 543–44Jünger, Emil, 149, 292

Kahler, William, 404Kaiser, Frederick (1808–1872), 97, 496Kammermann, Arthur (1861–1897),

545Keeler, James Edward (1857–1900), 43,

117, 208, 382, 389, 404, 427, 479–81, 507, 510–12, 543, 560

Kellner, Carl (1826–1855), 162, 538, 540Kempf, Paul Friedrich Ferdinand

(1856–1920), 474Key, Henry Cooper (1819–1879), 118–19,

215, 528Kirch, Gottfried (1639–1710), 16, 125,

167, 444, 446, 450, 459, 475, 516Kirch, Maria Margaretha (1670–1720),

444, 450Klein, Hermann Joseph (1844–1914), 173Klinkerfuess, Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm

(1827–1884), 310, 429Knobel, Edward Ball (1841–1930), 121,

407, 545Knott, George (1835–1894), 122, 288,

380–81, 503, 536Kobold, Hermann Albert (1858–1942),

145, 237, 272, 312, 387–88, 459–60Koehler, Johann Gottfried (1745–1801),

16, 18, 167, 446, 450, 459Kövesligethy, Radó v. (1862–1934), 415Kohoutek, Lubos (1935–1951), 242Kopff, August Adalbert (1882–1960), 33Krüger, Karl Nikolaus Adalbert

(1832–1896), 161–64, 174, 226, 526, 543

Lacaille, Nicolas-Louis de (1713–1762), 5, 16, 18, 25, 70–71, 73, 75–77, 80, 151, 181–82, 220–21, 446, 448, 450, 464, 516

Lalande, Joseph-Jerome le Francois de (1732–1807), 55, 60, 68, 97, 122, 152, 154, 159, 170, 239, 441

Lamont, Johann v. (1805–1879), 19, 88, 89, 89, 90–93, 95–97, 124, 151, 153, 187, 222, 234, 260, 301, 407, 473–74, 479, 481, 483, 508, 513–14

Lamp, Ernst August (1850–1901), 411–12, 414

Lampland, Carl Otto (1873–1951), 512Langley, Samuel Pierpont (1834–1906),

6, 335, 335, 337, 446, 448Laplace, Pierre-Simon de (1749–1827),

105, 118, 485Larkin, Edgar Lucien (1847–1924), 340Lassell, Caroline, 133, 211, 450, 481Lassell, William (1799–1880), 9, 12, 30,

34, 88, 106, 118–19, 125, 131, 132, 133–35, 146, 156–58, 183, 188, 207, 211–17, 221–22, 239, 245, 248, 251–55, 259, 274, 308, 320, 333, 363, 368, 385, 407, 417, 446, 450–51, 477–79, 481, 483, 491–95, 497, 501–02, 508, 517–19

Lauberts, Andris (1942–), 467–68Laugier, Paul August (1812–1872), 10,

88, 134, 135–36, 150–52, 181, 187, 222, 235–37, 260, 439, 473–74

Leavenworth, Francis Preserved (1858–1928), 47, 337, 346, 387–88, 400, 410, 431–35, 442–43, 445–46, 450, 464

Leavitt, Henrietta Swan (1868–1921), 390

Lee, John (1783–1866), 120Lefèbvre, Pierre (1726–1806), 251Legentil, Guillaume Hyazinthe

(1725–1792), 16, 18, 68, 125, 167, 186, 446, 450, 459, 513, 516

Lehner, Georg (1873 –1947), 385Lerebours, Noël-Jean (1761–1840), 135Le Sueur, Adolphus Albert (1849–1906),

415, 416–21, 518Leverrier, Urban Jean Joseph

(1811–1877), 122, 134, 149, 171, 211, 237, 269–71, 368, 491, 498–99, 501, 526, 536

Lewis, Thomas (1856–1927), 555Lick, James (1796–1876), 404Lindsay, James Ludovic [Lord Lindsay]

(1847–1913), 226, 228, 310–11, 321, 380–81, 392, 394, 429–30, 536

Littrow, Joseph Johann v. (1771–1840), 119, 379

Littrow, Karl Ludwig v. (1811–1877), 166, 379, 411, 503, 528

Lockyer, Joseph Norman (1836–1920), 215

Lohse, J. Gerhard (1851–1941), 6, 288, 311, 380, 393–94, 428, 429, 429, 430, 441, 446, 448, 450, 459, 461

Lohse, Wilhelm Oswald (1845–1915), 278, 429

Loomis, Eben Jenks (1828–1912), 370Loomis-Todd, Mabel (1856–1932), 370Lord Lindsay; see Lindsay, James

LudovicLord Rosse; see Parsons, WilliamLowe, Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine

(1831–1913), 339Lowell, Percival (1855–1916), 370Lundmark, Knut Emil (1889–1958), 467Lunt, Joseph (1866–1940), 462–63Luther, Eduard (1816–1887), 147–48,

180, 182

MacGeorge, E. Farie, 415, 416, 418–19, 518

Maclear, George William Herschel (1836–1895), 52

Maclear, Thomas (1794–1879), 38, 52MacMahon, Percy Alexander

(1854–1929), 427Mädler, Johann Heinrich v. (1794–1874),

61, 66, 93, 333, 514Magakian, Tigran Yuri (1953–), 522Magellan, Fernando de (1480–1521),

15–16, 445Mahler, Eduard (1857–1945), 465Mairan, Jean Jacques d’Ortous de

(1678–1771), 16, 28, 446, 450, 459, 475

Mallas, John H. (1927–1975), 146Maraldi, Jean-Dominique (1709–1788),

16, 68, 168, 186, 446, 450Marius, Simon (1573–1624), 15–16, 452,

455Markarian, Beniamin Egishevich

(1913–1985), 430Markham, H. C., 409Marth, Albert (1828–1897), 8, 47, 122,

127, 133–34, 137, 166, 169, 174, 177, 179, 181, 212–13, 217, 231, 244–47, 250, 251, 251, 252–59, 267, 269, 271–72, 274, 276, 280, 283–84, 289–90, 301–02, 309, 318–21, 326, 329–30, 346, 363–64, 366, 373, 375, 377, 387–88, 391–92, 397, 400, 405, 411–12, 423–24, 434, 436–37, 440, 443–46, 448, 450, 455–58, 460, 464

Martin, A., 274, 491, 536






Name index 625

Martins, Carl Otto Albrecht (1816–1871), 226, 240, 278

Maskelyne, Nevil (1732–1811), 182, 184, 186

Mason, Ebenezer Porter (1819–1840), 27, 88, 94, 95–96, 217, 222, 407, 476, 479, 481

Massinger, Adam (1888–1914), 467Matthews, W., 528Maury, Antonia Caetana de Paiva Pereira

(1866–1952), 390Mauvais, Félix Victor (1809–1854),

133Mayall, Margaret Walton (1902–1995),

382, 527McCance, James Law (1856–1903), 535,

537McClean, Frank (1837–1904), 380McCormick, Leander James

(1819–1900), 431McFarland, John (1948–), 486McNeil, Jay (1971–), 522Méchain, Pierre Francois Andre

(1744–1804), 16–18, 28, 31, 44–45, 55–56, 64–65, 68, 79–80, 121, 151, 167, 181–82, 186, 221, 441, 445–46, 449–50, 455, 484

Merecki, Franciszek Romuald Pawel (1860–1922), 474

Merz, Georg (1793–1867), 66, 90, 144–45, 150, 161, 169, 179, 217, 242, 269, 274, 282, 285, 381, 430, 465

Messier, Charles-Joseph (1730–1817), 2–3, 7, 14–18, 24, 26–29, 31, 35, 45, 53–56, 60, 64, 71, 77–80, 104, 119–20, 134–35, 146, 151, 154, 164, 166–67, 169, 179, 181–82, 186, 211, 219–21, 235, 296–97, 325, 382, 408, 441–42, 445–46, 449–50, 455, 462, 464, 475, 477, 481–82, 488, 516

Mitchel, Ormsby MacKnight (1809–1862), 360

Mitchell, Maria (1818–1889), 94Mitchell, R. J., 46–47, 101, 103, 190–92,

196, 198–203, 221, 287–89, 295, 297–98, 300–04, 307, 314, 317–18, 320–21, 332, 345–46, 364, 373, 385, 435, 443–44, 446, 448, 450, 456, 462, 464, 479, 483, 519, 521

Mitchell, William (1791–1869), 94, 111Möbius, August Ferdinand (1790–1868),

149, 169Møller, Didrik Magnus Axel (1830–1896),

292Mönnichmeyer, Carl (1860–1942), 474Moore, Patrick Alfred (1923–), 2, 8, 102,

227, 317

Mouchez, Amédée Ernest Barthélémy (1821–1892), 438, 543

Müller, Carl Hermann Gustav (1851–1925), 381, 413

Muller, Frank (1862–1917), 337, 346, 425, 431, 432, 433–34, 436, 443, 446, 450, 457, 464

Nasmyth, James (1808–1890), 118, 132, 217

Newall, Robert Sterling (1812–1888), 10, 252, 368, 370, 531, 541, 546, 555

Newcomb, Simon (1835–1909), 147, 227, 370, 396, 404, 409, 431

Newton, Isaac (1643–1727), 14, 62, 109, 118, 230, 235

Nichol, John Pringle (1804–1859), 87, 105–06, 111, 115–16, 118, 484, 486–89

Nilson, Peter (1937–1998), 467–68Nobel, William (1828–1904), 38

O’Connor, Edward Dominic (1874–1954), 385

Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias (1758–1840), 61–62, 70–71, 73, 186, 476

Olmstedt, Denison (1791–1859), 94Olufsen, Christian Friis Rottbøl

(1802–1855), 149Oppenheim, Samuel (1857–1928), 410,

411, 412–13, 444–46, 450Oppolzer, Theodor v. (1841–1886), 285,

474Oriani, Barnaba (1752–1832), 16, 18, 28,

31, 446, 450Oudemans, Jean Abraham Chrétien

(1827–1906), 542

Palisa, Johann (1848–1925), 260, 325, 346, 372, 410, 411, 412–14, 446, 450, 452, 544

Pannekoek, Antonie (1873–1960), 175Pape, Carl-Ferdinand (1834–1862), 144,

523, 526, 529Parish, John (1774–1858), 166, 169Parsamyan, Elma S. (1929–), 522Parsons, Charles Algernon (1854–1931),

99, 101, 103, 303Parsons, Lawrence (1840–1908), 9, 46,

98–99, 101, 103, 112, 157, 160, 170, 190, 192, 201–03, 226, 230–31, 244–45, 250, 252, 288–89, 295–301, 303–305, 306, 307, 308–11, 313–15, 318–20, 338, 446, 450, 485, 494, 496, 504, 528, 531, 534, 547

Parsons, William [Lord Rosse] (1800–1867), 7, 9, 12–13, 16, 34, 36,

38, 40, 43, 50, 87, 98, 98, 99, 100, 101–18, 131–35, 142, 157, 159–60, 179, 183, 188–90, 192, 194–99, 201, 206, 208, 211, 216–18, 220–22, 230–31, 234–35, 241–42, 248–49, 265, 295, 297–301, 303, 305–07, 312, 317, 330, 333–34, 338, 368, 385, 389, 409, 417, 430, 444, 446, 450–51, 472–73, 475–83, 485–97, 506, 521, 527, 531, 534, 539

Paturel, Georges (1946–), 469Payne, William Wallace (1837–1928), 552Pease, Francis Gladheim (1881–1938),

382, 512–13Pechüle, Carl Frederick (1843–1914),

267–68, 276–77, 285, 293, 294, 320, 383–84, 446, 448, 450, 461, 463

Peirce, Benjamin (1809–1880), 335Peirce, Charles Sanders (1839–1914), 6,

62, 119, 335–37, 446Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de

(1580–1637), 16, 18, 444–46, 450, 455, 459, 516

Perek, Lubos (1919–), 242Perrine, Charles Dillon (1867–1951), 389,

427, 510–11Perrotin, Henri Joseph Athanase

(1845–1904), 544Peters, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm

(1822–1894), 324Peters, Christian August Friedrich

(1806–1880), 251, 324, 523, 527, 529Peters, Christian Heinrich Friedrich

(1813–1890), 9, 64, 66, 122, 138, 164, 172–73, 183, 186, 272, 283–84, 320, 323, 324, 324, 325–27, 332, 338, 372, 435–36, 446, 450, 461

Petersen, Adolph Cornelius (1804–1854), 124, 141, 174, 182, 186, 279–80

Petrosyan, Vahé M. (1938–), 522Pfaff, Johann Wilhelm Andreas

(1774–1835), 50, 179–81Piazzi, Giuseppe (1746–1826), 55, 69–71,

119, 121, 157–59Picard, Jean (1620–1682), 367Pickering, Edward Charles (1846–1919),

8, 11, 131, 266, 323, 333, 335–37, 389, 390, 391–95, 444–46, 450, 542–44

Pickering, William Henry (1858–1938), 390, 396, 492, 559

Pigott, Edward Charles (1753–1825), 15–16, 167, 444, 446, 450

Pistor, Carl Phillip Heinrich (1778–1847), 226, 240, 278

Plössl, Georg Simon (1794–1868), 175, 178, 235, 529–30

Pogson, Norman Robert (1829–1891), 122, 148, 234, 384






626 Name index

Porro, Ignazio (1801–1875), 10, 252, 368–69

Porter, Jermain Gildersleve (1852–1933), 66, 344, 465, 474

Powell, Eyre Burton (1819–1904), 518Pratt, Henry (1839–1891), 538–39Preuß, Ernst Wilhelm (1796–1839), 67Pritchard, Charles (1808–1893), 261,

549–50Proctor, Richard Anthony (1837–1888),

30, 109, 223, 248, 466, 517–18Ptolemy, Claudius (87–165), 16, 18, 444,

447, 450, 456Purser, John (1835–1903), 103, 307

Quincy, Josiah (1772–1864), 127, 162

Ramage, John (1784–1835), 9–10, 94, 99, 104, 106, 368

Rambaut, Arthur Allcock (1859–1923), 102

Rambaut, William Hautenville (1822–1911), 101, 102, 112, 116–17, 190, 229, 298, 486, 488–89, 491, 493

Ramsden, Jesse (1735–1800), 69Rayet, Georges Antoine Pons

(1839–1906), 542–43Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich

(1771–1826), 64–65, 67, 96, 187, 310Reiland, Tom, 560Reinfelder, Gottlieb (1836–1898),

144–45, 262–63, 381, 413, 511, 531Reinmuth, Karl Wilhelm (1892–1979),

292, 312, 329, 430, 467, 511–12Repsold, Johann Adolf (1838–1919),

144–45, 147, 262, 268, 282, 285, 292, 358, 543, 552

Ritchey, George Willis (1864–1945), 9, 389, 419

Roberts, Isaac (1829–1904), 15, 103, 116, 342, 356, 462, 479, 507–08, 510, 545–46, 548, 550, 553, 554–56, 558–59

Robinson, Thomas Romney (1792–1882), 98, 102, 105, 106, 107–118, 132–133, 137, 215, 226–229, 368, 417, 419, 483, 484–87, 490–91

Rondoni, Francesco, 141–42Rümker, Christian Ludwig Carl [Charles]

(1788–1862), 72–73, 174, 182, 184, 186, 252, 267

Rümker, George Friedrich Wilhelm (1832–1900), 10, 51, 72, 182, 184, 230, 237, 240, 242, 260, 267, 268, 279, 288, 291, 293–94, 320, 439, 447–48, 474, 493

Russell, Henry Chamberlain (1836–1907), 299

Russell, Henry Norris (1877–1957), 428

Sabine, Edward (1788–1883), 100, 106, 211

Sadler, Herbert (1856–1898), 121, 517Safford, Truman Henry (1836–1901),

125–27, 129, 131, 160, 188, 203–04, 221, 244, 246, 255–57, 267, 272, 274, 280, 283–84, 332, 346, 357, 358, 359, 361–64, 366, 375, 403, 440, 442, 444, 447–48, 450, 462, 464

Sampson, Ralph Allen (1866–1939), 226, 229

Sandage, Allan Rex (1926–), 468Sawyer-Hogg, Helen Battles

(1905–1993), 18Schaeberle, Johann Martin (1853–1924),

117, 404, 407–10, 550Scheiner, Julius (1858–1913), 43, 401Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio

(1835–1910) , 171, 496, 527, 529–30, 533, 538–39, 544, 547

Schjellerup, Hans Carl Frederik Chris-tian (1827–1887), 149, 159, 225, 239, 294, 500, 523

Schmidt, Johann Friedrich Julius (1825–1884), 8, 10, 40, 68, 70, 75–76, 81, 148, 157, 161–162, 164, 174, 174, 175–179, 183, 208, 221–222, 234–237, 256, 258–61, 285, 290, 319–20, 330, 381, 392, 430, 439, 447, 450, 474, 493, 501, 514, 519, 522, 524–25, 536

Schönfeld, Eduard (1828–1891), 1, 8, 10, 46, 51, 88, 93, 127–29, 131, 134, 151, 155–56, 161, 161, 162–64, 166–67, 174, 178, 183, 199–200, 204, 221–22, 226, 230–31, 233–38, 240, 259–60, 279, 285, 288, 290–92, 319–20, 334, 344, 371, 439, 442, 447, 450–51, 473–74, 493–94, 499–500, 503, 506, 514–15, 519, 524–25, 527–28, 536

Schorr, Richard Reinhard Emil (1867–1951), 268

Schrader, Johann Gottlieb Friedrich (1763–1832), 41

Schröder, Heinrich Ludwig Hugo (1834–1902), 278, 413

Schroeter, Johann Hyronimus (1745–1816), 41, 63, 174, 251, 407

Schultz, Per Magnus Herman (1823–1890), 8, 10, 26, 43, 51, 83, 146, 151, 158, 194, 202–03, 225–26, 230–31, 236–37, 240, 245, 260, 266, 279, 285, 285, 286, 288–93, 295, 301–02, 308–09, 320–21, 334, 344, 373, 430, 439, 441–42, 447–50, 473–74, 494

Schumacher, Heinrich Christian (1780–1850), 70–71, 96, 123, 166, 182

Schwassmann, Friedrich Carl Arnold (1870–1964), 271–72

Schweizer, Kaspar Gottfried (1816–1873), 232, 233, 319–20, 447–48

Searle, Arthur (1837–1920), 335–36, 390Searle, George Mary (1839–1918), 6, 249,

335, 336, 337, 355, 447, 450Secchi, Pietro Angelo (1818–1878), 43,

88, 108, 119, 139, 140, 141–44, 150, 176, 182, 186, 208, 216–17, 222, 234, 269, 320, 333–34, 368, 394, 397, 400, 445, 477–78, 483, 493, 501, 534, 536

Sécretan, Marc François Louis (1804–1867), 422

Shapley, Harlow (1885–1972), 15, 385, 467–68

Sheepshanks, Richard (1794–1855), 106, 120, 305

Sievers, Johann Joachim (1805–1882), 187Simms, William jr. (1817–1907), 394Simon, Charles Marie Etienne Theophile

(1825–1880), 270Sinnott, Roger W. (1944–), 469–70Skinner, Aaron Nichols (1845–1918),

332, 346, 357–58, 361–63, 365–66, 444–45, 447, 450, 464

Slipher, Vesto Melvin (1875–1969), 560Smith, Hamilton Landphere

(1819–1903), 94, 407Smyth, Charles Piazzi (1819–1900), 100,

106, 119–20, 133, 282, 312, 476–77Smyth, William Henry (1788–1865),

15, 38, 43, 51, 53, 65, 119, 120, 121, 157–58, 379, 382–83, 475–76, 479, 481, 483–85, 493

Soldner, Johann Georg v. (1776–1833), 89Sonneborn, George, 468, 470South, James (1785–1867), 57, 66, 67,

106, 107, 109, 110, 123, 205, 305, 359, 368, 483, 484–88, 491

Spencer, Charles Achilles (1813–1881), 325–26

Spitaler, Rudolf Ferdinand (1859–1946), 43–44, 62, 323, 405, 459–60, 462–63, 474, 483, 521, 527, 544–45, 547–48

Steinheil, Hugo Adolph (1832–1893), 161, 163, 171–72, 236, 278, 285–86, 292, 503, 523, 529, 542, 558

Steinheil, Karl August (1801–1870), 514Stephan, Jean Marie Edouard

(1837–1923), 8, 11, 13, 47, 231, 246, 250, 256–57, 267, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274–77, 281, 302, 312–14, 318–21, 323, 326, 332, 343, 346, 350, 354–55, 362–64, 371–78, 381–82, 401, 405–06, 423, 434–36, 440, 443–45, 447–48, 450, 456, 458, 474, 530






Name index 627

Stephenson, Charles Bruce (1929–2001), 383

Stewart, Delisle (1870–1941), 177, 431, 462

Stock, Jürgen (1923–2004), 383Stokes, George Gabriel (1819–1903), 106,

211, 308Stone, Edward James (1831–1897), 333,

386, 541Stone, John, 77Stone, Ormond (1847–1933), 314, 326,

343, 346, 357, 375–76, 387, 400, 431, 431, 432–37, 440, 443, 445, 447–48, 450, 459, 464, 474

Stoney, Bindon Blood (1829–1909), 47, 101, 102, 103, 112, 190–92, 195, 198–201, 221, 256, 258, 266–67, 280, 289, 295, 297–98, 300–04, 308, 318, 320–21, 353, 373, 385, 408–09, 423–25, 444, 447, 450, 453, 462, 464, 487

Stoney, George Johnstone (1826–1911), 45, 101, 102, 102, 103, 110, 112, 114–15, 118–19, 190–91, 195–96, 198–201, 221, 237–38, 249, 285, 287, 295, 298–99, 302–03, 307, 317, 320–21, 356, 373, 422, 444, 447–48, 450, 456, 487

Stratonov, Vsevolod Viktorovich (1869–1938), 536, 552, 555, 560

Strohmeier, Wolfgang Paul (1913–2004), 385

Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm v. (1793–1864), 10, 12, 38, 53–56, 58, 63, 66, 67, 68–69, 88, 90, 119, 121, 143–45, 164, 166–67, 181, 183, 186, 221, 232, 281–82, 338, 359, 368, 381, 447, 450

Struve, Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig (1858–1920), 282

Struve, Karl Hermann (1854–1920), 282, 543

Struve, Otto Ludwig (1897–1963), 282Struve, Otto Wilhelm v. (1819–1905),

51, 106, 112, 132, 144, 177, 195, 211, 213–15, 222, 231, 234, 244, 246, 248, 253, 262, 281, 282, 283–84, 288, 319–20, 326, 338, 359, 363–64, 367, 447–48, 450, 490, 500, 502–11, 526, 529, 543–45

Sulentic, Jack William (1947–), 313, 469Svanberg, Gustav (1802–1882), 285Swift, Edward D. T. (1871–1945), 338,

339–40, 346–50, 353, 356–58, 444–45, 447–48, 450, 455, 464

Swift, Lewis A. (1820–1913), 5, 8, 55, 62, 66, 95, 126, 128, 131, 173, 183, 201, 242, 249, 255–56, 261–62, 264, 266,

270–74, 277, 284, 288–89, 301–02, 304, 325, 328, 332–33, 337, 338, 338, 339, 340–341, 342, 343–58, 362–64, 366–67, 371–72, 375, 377, 382, 385, 387–88, 395–99, 401, 403, 405–06, 411–12, 414, 424, 429, 434–37, 440, 442–45, 447–50, 452–53, 455, 458, 460–62, 464–65, 479, 517, 519, 521, 533, 539–40, 542

Tacchini, Pietro (1839–1905), 269Talmage, Charles George (1840–1886),

122, 502Tammann, Gustav Andreas (1932–), 468Tebbutt, John (1834–1916), 518Tempel, Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht

(1821–1889), 5, 8, 12–13, 35, 47, 51, 58, 88, 112, 117, 126, 139, 158, 163, 169–70, 171, 171, 172–74, 183, 206, 215, 221, 225, 231, 240, 242, 246–47, 260, 262–67, 270, 276–77, 289, 293, 301–02, 314–15, 318–20, 323, 326–34, 337, 340–41, 343–44, 346, 360, 362–66, 371–73, 375, 377, 383, 387–88, 391–92, 396–97, 399, 401, 410, 414, 429, 434–36, 440, 443, 447–48, 450, 453, 456, 458–59, 461, 464, 472, 477–80, 483, 491, 493–98, 503, 505–15, 521, 523–31, 533–43, 545, 548, 554, 560

Terby, François Joseph Charles (1846–1911), 542

Thiele, Thorvald Nicolai (1838–1910), 150Thollon, Louis (1829–1887), 544Thome, John Macon (1843–1908), 464Thomson, Malcolm (1933–), 192, 471Thormann, Friedrich (1831–1882), 162,

174Thury, Marc (1822–1905), 545Tifft, William (1932–), 313, 469Tisserand, François Félix (1845–1896),

422Tobin, William (1953–), 115, 271Todd, David Peck (1855–1939), 247, 326,

369, 370, 371–73, 375, 409, 447, 450, 464, 481

Troughton, Edward (1753–1835), 72Trouvelot, Etienne Leopold (1827–1895),

27, 143, 319, 336, 407, 462, 464, 540Trümpler, Robert Julius (1886–1956),

383, 406, 560Tully [Tulley], Charles (1761–1830),

378Turner, Herbert Hall (1861–1930), 229Turner, Joseph (1825–1883), 415, 416,

416, 418–21, 483Tuttle, Charles Wesley (1829–1881),

126–27Tuttle, Horace Parnell (1837–1923), 125,

126, 127–31, 145–46, 162–63, 171, 183, 204, 221, 238, 295, 320, 338, 409, 445, 514, 520

Unkhrechtsberg, Eduard v. (1790–1870), 174

Valentiner, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Johann (1845–1931), 503

Valz, Jean Elix Benjamin (1787–1867), 171, 206, 523

van den Bergh, Sidney (1929–), 512Vespucci, Amerigo (1451–1512), 5,

15–16, 80, 444, 447, 450, 455Vogel, Eduard (1829–1856), 122, 251Vogel, Hermann Carl (1841–1907), 10,

19, 43, 150–51, 213, 226, 230–31, 237, 240, 251–52, 258, 260, 277, 278, 278, 279–81, 311, 371, 381, 385, 394, 439, 473–74, 483, 493, 496–97, 503, 516, 519, 531

Voigt, Auguste (1828–1909), 255, 269–72, 274, 284, 320, 326–27, 344, 346, 363–64, 375, 444, 447–48, 450, 464

Voigtländer, Johann Christoph (1732–1797), 558–59

Vorontsov-Velyaminov, Boris Alexandrowitch (1904–1994), 44, 301, 351, 384, 467–68

Ward, Isaac William (1833–1905), 415Warner, Hulbert Harrington

(1842–1923), 338Waters, Sidney (1853–1896), 223, 466Watson, James Craig (1838–1880), 325,

338, 404, 408Watson, William (1744–1825), 19Webb, Thomas William (1806–1885), 18,

46, 118–19, 142, 215, 323, 359, 376, 378, 379, 380–83, 462, 464, 466, 503, 527–29, 533, 560

Weinek, Ladislaus (1848–1913), 474Weiss, Edmund (1837–1917), 411–12,

544Weisse, Maximilian v. (1798–1863), 187Wendell, Oliver Clinton (1850–1912), 6,

336, 390, 399Whewell, William (1794–1866), 105Widt, Seweryn (1862–1912), 492–93, 497Wigglesworth, James (1815–1889), 6,

429, 441Wilsing, Johannes Moritz Daniel

(1856–1905), 152, 382Wilson, Herbert Couper (1858–1940),

432, 536, 551–52, 555–57, 559Winlock, Joseph (1826–1875), 6, 119,

335, 336, 336, 337, 390, 447, 450






628 Name index

Winnecke, Friedrich August Theodor (1835–1897), 8, 17, 51, 63, 65–66, 88, 97, 127, 129–30, 144, 144, 145–48, 161, 163, 172–73, 178–80, 183, 206, 215, 221, 231, 261–64, 266–67, 276–77, 282, 284, 286, 293, 320, 323, 340–41, 381, 413, 447–48, 450–51, 455, 459, 461, 465, 493, 500, 502–04, 519, 526, 536

Wirtz, Carl Wilhelm (1876–1939), 145, 465–66, 511

With, George Henry (1827–1904), 379, 528, 538

Wolf, Charles Joseph Etienne (1827–1918), 109, 419, 491, 493, 525, 527, 530, 533–39, 543, 545, 547–48

Wolf, Johann Rudolf (1816–1893), 18Wolf, Maximilian Franz Josef Cornelius

(1863–1932), 3, 23, 33, 249, 342, 385, 397, 400–02, 411, 427, 462, 467, 511, 551, 557–58, 560

Wollaston, Francis (1731–1815), 25, 42, 49, 220–21

Woods, Thomas (1815–1905), 100Worthington, Arthur Mason

(1852–1916), 384

Wray, William (1829–1885), 10

Young, Charles Augustus (1834–1908), 43, 359, 427, 428, 447, 450, 461

Zach, Franz Xaver v. (1754–1832), 70Zeiss, Carl Friedrich (1816–1888), 557Zöllner, Johann Karl Friedrich

(1834–1882), 278Zwicky, Fritz (1898–1974), 14, 46–47,

247, 384, 467–68






629

Site index

Aberdeen, 10Albany, 66, 325, 335, 360Altona, 124, 141, 166, 174, 182, 279,

523, 525Amherst, 369–70Ann Arbor, 117, 325, 408–09Arcetri, 112, 139, 171–73, 215, 263, 319,

327, 335, 365, 371, 410, 443, 458, 481, 491, 493–95, 505, 523, 529

Arequipa, 17, 23, 29, 177, 390, 452, 462, 466, 555

Armagh, 12, 98, 102, 105, 132, 137, 196, 215, 226–29, 292, 305, 323, 384, 396, 417, 430, 441, 459, 466, 474, 486, 488, 491, 493, 515, 517, 519

Athens, 68, 76, 81, 148, 157, 164–65, 174–75, 178, 235–36, 259–60, 330, 381, 392, 430, 474, 501, 524

Aylesbury, 120

Bamberg, 413Bangalore, 518Bath, 18, 38, 104Bedford, 119–21, 159, 493Berlin, 10, 42, 64, 88–89, 122, 144–48,

169–70, 180, 267, 493, 514Bermerside, 388Birkdale, 384Birr Castle (Parsonstown), 7–8, 12–13,

46–47, 98–100, 102–03, 105–07, 109–12, 116–17, 119, 132, 139, 157, 159, 161, 170–71, 188–90, 192, 195, 198–203, 218–20, 222, 225–26, 230–31, 237, 242, 249, 252, 256, 279, 286–87, 291, 295–98, 301, 303–04, 306–08, 310, 312–13, 315, 317–19, 322–23, 334, 345, 353, 356, 368, 373, 381, 385, 409, 418, 424, 441, 443–44, 452, 458, 462, 464, 481–85, 487–88, 490–91, 493–96, 504, 515, 517, 519, 521, 528, 530–31, 536, 538, 547

Bonn, 65, 88, 144, 161–66, 174–75, 235–37, 279, 474, 503, 506, 524

Bordeaux, 542Bothkamp, 278Breslau, 165Brighton, 538Bristol, 520, 541

Cambridge (MA), 13, 124, 325, 336, 389, 409

Cambridge (UK), 105, 121, 138, 305, 415, 487, 498, 502

Cambridgeport, 361Cape of Good Hope, 7, 38, 54, 62–63, 73,

77, 83, 105, 133, 459Castelgandolfo, 465, 510, 559Charlottesville, 13, 431–32, 458, 474Chicago, 13, 121, 274, 342, 357, 361, 363,

365, 375, 394, 396, 404, 538, 540Cincinnati, 66, 344, 360, 431–32, 465,

474Clapham, 528Clay Hall (Old Windsor), 19–20, 26–27,

30–31, 41, 169, 458Clinton, 138, 165, 325Copenhagen, 119, 146, 148–49, 156,

159–60, 163, 170, 184, 188, 196, 199, 206–08, 225–27, 229–31, 235–42, 245, 248, 250, 269, 276, 279, 285, 288, 294, 322, 443, 458, 474, 493, 496, 500–01, 504, 517, 523–25, 527

Crowborough, 507, 553Crumpsall Hall, 384Cuckfield, 380, 503, 536

Datchet, 19–23, 26–31, 35, 41, 46, 48, 104, 286, 452, 458, 462, 484

Denver, 216, 231, 338, 354, 452, 462Dobb’s Ferry, 409Dorpat (Tartu), 10, 66–67, 90, 93, 145,

216, 262, 282, 367–68, 413–14Dresden, 232, 473–74, 506Düsseldorf, 174, 524Dun Echt (Dunecht), 226, 228, 310–11,

313, 321, 380, 392–95, 428–30, 474, 504

Dunsink, 12, 102, 152, 226, 228, 296, 299, 305–06, 310, 323, 381

Durham, 212, 252, 267

Ealing, 386, 389, 418, 535Echo Mountain (Mt Lowe), 339–40,

460, 462Edinburgh, 120, 228, 312, 392, 403, 429Evanston, 360

Feldhausen, 7, 38, 71–72, 77–78, 80, 85, 105, 415, 443, 452, 458, 474

Flagstaff, 370, 512, 560Flagstaff Hill, 415, 417

Gateshead, 10, 252, 368, 531, 541Genva, 545Georgetown, 140–41, 336, 508, 510Glasgow, 87, 105, 111, 484, 488Gorleston, 528Gotha, 147, 186Göttingen, 63–65, 88, 144–47, 178–80,

310, 324, 413, 429, 499, 502, 526–27Greenwich, 6, 10, 99, 121, 133, 146, 184,

217, 222, 227, 242, 252, 306, 415, 441, 465, 502

Gunzenhausen, 452

Halensee, 401Hamburg, 72, 174, 182, 260, 267–68, 285,

293–94, 466, 474, 524Hanover, 359, 427Hardwicke, 378–79, 527Harvard, 6, 27, 29, 66, 88, 111, 119,

124–28, 131–33, 162, 188, 195, 204, 215, 231–32, 319, 335–37, 357, 389–90, 392, 394, 399, 403, 407, 409, 431, 444, 466–67, 490, 555, 557

Haverford, 432Hawaii, 561Heidelberg, 23, 33, 236, 271, 292, 370,

400, 411, 427, 452, 462, 511Hereford, 528

Here all sites or observatories mentioned in the text are given (see also the section ‘Telescope data’ above). A bold page number refers to a figure.






630 Site index

Herény, 43, 403, 492, 496Hobart, 517Hongkong, 137Hopefield, 540

Jamaica, 530, 538, 546

Karlsruhe, 144, 236, 261–64, 341Kensington, 106Kiel, 226, 412Königsberg, 68, 147–48, 158, 164, 178,

180, 182, 186–87, 232, 251, 260, 474, 500, 502

Krakau, 187

Leiden, 97, 175, 496Leipzig, 65–66, 88, 123, 148–50, 152,

154–57, 159, 169, 180, 207–08, 210, 217, 235–36, 240, 243, 259–60, 277–78, 280, 371, 408, 413, 474, 493, 498, 503, 506, 514, 528, 531

Leuven, 542Lilienthal, 63Liverpool, 131–34, 213, 216, 368, 508London (Bishop’s Obs.), 88, 121–23, 138,

206, 251, 498Lund, 292–93, 467

Madison, 359–60, 403–05Madras, 518Maidenhead, 133Mali Löšinj, 511Malta, 119, 131, 133–34, 156–57, 188,

211–16, 231, 245, 251–54, 269, 308, 319, 392, 417, 424, 443, 451, 457–58, 481, 491, 493, 501–04

Manchester, 118, 132, 310, 384Mannheim, 1, 156, 161, 163–64, 222,

231, 233–36, 259, 279, 285, 474, 500, 503, 525, 527

Markree Castle, 12, 88, 106, 122, 135, 138, 157, 205, 252, 452

Marseille, 9, 11, 13, 170–73, 205–06, 231, 263, 269–71, 274, 276, 281, 327, 330, 341, 372, 376–77, 381, 406, 415, 419, 443, 458, 474, 498, 523–24, 527, 529–30

Melbourne, 6, 9, 13, 133, 222, 252, 415–19, 421, 441, 452

Milan, 170–71, 173, 359, 496, 523–24, 529–30, 536, 539

Minneapolis, 410, 432Modena, 96Moscow, 232–33Mt Hamilton, 339, 342, 359–61, 366–67,

369, 388–89, 396, 401, 404, 408, 452, 554

Mt Palomar, 131Mt Stromlo, 416, 419, 421Mt Wilson, 9, 131, 170, 339, 382, 389,

396, 467–68, 512–13, 559Mughull, 545Munich, 88–90, 95, 151, 413, 474

Naples, 65–66, 69, 123, 137, 324–25Nashville, 338, 341, 395–97, 401, 459,

526, 540New Haven, 94Nice, 437, 452, 460, 462, 544Northfield, 551

Odessa, 262, 341Olmütz, 161, 174, 524Oxford, 121, 229–30, 549–50

Palermo, 69–70, 119Paramatta, 63, 71–73, 77, 81, 231, 267,

415, 452, 458, 464Paris, 10, 33, 43, 88, 122, 134–35, 137–38,

148, 156, 165, 171, 173, 188, 205–06, 211, 236, 242, 252, 260, 269–71, 273, 326, 354, 367–68, 382, 419, 422–24, 437–38, 458, 460, 462, 474, 491–93, 499, 501, 504, 506, 525–26, 530, 536, 542–43, 547–48

Pittsburgh, 335, 560Pola, 411Potsdam, 152, 277–78, 381–82, 401, 474,

497Prague, 474Princeton, 43, 342, 427–28Pulkovo, 66–67, 88, 90, 112, 124, 132,

137, 144, 146, 163, 195, 206, 211, 213, 215, 232, 262, 280–83, 285, 404, 431, 452, 490, 494, 500–04, 526, 543, 545

Putney Hill, 535

Remplin, 41–42Richmond, 528Rochester, 66, 274, 338–40, 396, 452,

458, 539Rome, 119, 140–41, 269, 368, 501

Scarborough, 393, 428–29, 460Senftenberg (Žamberk), 166, 169Slough, 7, 19–20, 22–23, 26–29, 31–32,

35, 41, 46, 48, 50–55, 57, 59–60, 63, 66, 69, 77–78, 80–81, 104–05, 180, 287, 310, 403, 443, 449, 458, 474, 484, 493

Southport, 384Southwick, 94St Petersburg (Pulkovo), 66, 282, 504Stoneyhurst, 140, 385Straßburg, 144–45, 237, 261–64, 312,

365, 381, 388, 412–14, 460, 465–66, 470, 503, 511

Stretton Sugwas, 118–19, 528Sunderland, 540Sydney, 73, 299

Taschkent, 552, 555Tenerife, 133Teramo, 429, 460Toulouse, 43, 437Tulse Hill, 368Twickenham, 122–23, 502

Uppsala (Upsala), 13, 158, 202, 231, 237, 260, 281, 285, 291–93, 449, 452, 474

Vatican, 12, 427, 439, 465–66, 510, 559Venice, 13, 170–72, 521, 523, 529, 534Vienna, 13, 43–44, 119, 169, 260, 277,

279–81, 323, 370, 372, 410–12, 431, 452, 460, 466, 474, 493, 497, 503, 521, 528, 544, 548

Walworth Common, 10, 312Wandsworth, 10, 124Warsaw, 474Washington, 126, 133, 143, 207, 252,

280, 294, 325, 336, 342, 358–59, 361, 369–71, 404, 407, 409, 431, 462, 530, 540, 544

Williams Bay, 360, 396Williamstown, 358, 361Windsor (NSW), 518

Yale, 88, 94–95






631

Object index

3 Mon 57, 157, 45415 Mon 53, 53119 Pup 80–81, 157, 45430 Dor 41847 Tuc 550 Cas 53–55, 58, 157, 453–5455 And 9, 53–56, 157, 158, 159, 197

Abell 194 249–50, 355Abell 262 46, 250, 309Abell 347 377–78Abell 426 244, 250, 423Abell 1060 81, 83, 337Abell 1367 46–47, 250, 272Abell 1656 46, 223, 248, 249, 424Abell 2151 272, 355Abell 3526 81, 83Abell S373 76, 81–82, 260Andromeda Nebula 1–2, 11, 16, 18, 52,

69, 93, 103–04, 124–25, 141–42, 159, 333, 398, 399, 410, 412, 415, 452, 455, 475, 515–16, 534, 560

B 86 143, 397, 400B 92 406Barnard’s Galaxy 5, 395–97, 400Barnard’s Loop 390, 396, 401, 559Baxendell’s Unphotographable

Nebula 385, 537Bear Paw Galaxy 195Bessel’s star 157–58, 184Beta Canes Venatici (β CVn) 55, 157,

158, 212, 454Black Eye 16, 59–60Blinking Planetary 143Blue Planetary Nebula 51Blue Snowball 5, 36Bode’s Nebulae 15Bubble Nebula 41Bug Nebula 74, 399

California Nebula 5, 397, 401, 402, 458, 550

Cancer Cluster 250

Cat’s Eye Nebula 5, 98Centaurus A 5, 76Centaurus Cluster 81, 83Cetus Cluster 249, 355Christmas Tree Cluster 197Coma Cluster 9, 46, 223, 242–43,

245–48, 249, 424Conus Nebula 35, 197Copeland Septet 312–13, 314, 460, 469Crab Nebula 16, 61, 107, 108, 143, 206,

333, 453, 478, 482Crescent Nebula 5, 301, 394

Double Cluster 5, 16, 31Dumbbell Nebula 28, 36, 39, 60,

103–04, 108, 143, 195, 241, 386, 394, 455, 482

Eagle Nebula 462, 464–65Eskimo Nebula 5, 40–41, 118, 119, 241Eta Carinae Nebula 5, 84, 86, 418, 514,

516, 518

Flame Nebula 32–33, 166, 170Fornax Cluster 75–76, 81–82, 117, 260,

350

GC 80 9, 198–99, 201–03, 244, 303–04, 309

GC 6000 231, 232, 321Ghost of Jupiter 5, 38, 40, 42, 152Gyulbudaghian’s Nebula 522

Helix Galaxy 329Helix Nebula 5, 64, 65Hercules Cluster 272, 348, 355, 377Herschel’s Ray 420Hind’s Variable Nebula 5, 121, 124, 164,

176, 215, 234, 284, 472, 479, 498, 507, 511, 514, 522

Hind’s Crimson Star 124Homunculus Nebula 517, 522Hubble’s Variable Nebula 5, 9, 40, 61,

176, 241, 514, 522

Hyades 17, 466, 498Hydra Cluster 81–83, 337

IC 4 384IC 11 397, 399IC 44 131, 183, 348IC 48 520IC 138 366, 464IC 166 463IC 168 465IC 210 366, 464IC 229 464IC 334 463, 520IC 336 551, 559IC 341 551, 559IC 342 462, 463IC 344 55–56, 57, 464, 519IC 349 456, 549, 559–60, 561IC 351 463IC 353 551, 559IC 354 551, 559IC 356 398, 463, 520, 521, 550IC 360 551, 559IC 361 463IC 434 30, 464IC 448 33IC 452 455IC 457 304, 425IC 458 304IC 459 304IC 461 304IC 463 304IC 464 304IC 465 304, 425IC 503 384IC 512 519IC 529 463IC 591 372–73, 464IC 606 372IC 617 435IC 622 372, 464IC 625 337IC 669 373, 464IC 694 303–04, 353, 554

Here all NGC /IC objects mentioned in the text and the tables are presented. Additionally the list contains all objects shown in figures (marked italic) and common names (total number: 2521).






632 Object index

IC 730 372IC 750 463IC 819 44IC 820 44IC 884 348IC 887 348IC 919 470IC 973 412IC 974 329IC 1026 362, 364IC 1030 362, 364IC 1111 348IC 1129 464IC 1145 464IC 1148 362IC 1176 348, 355IC 1179 348, 355IC 1238 257–58, 259, 464IC 1239 257–58IC 1253 362IC 1271 464IC 1290 464IC 1296 117, 402, 403IC 1300 348IC 1308 400IC 1369 384, 463IC 1434 463IC 1441 272IC 1442 463IC 1463 464IC 1484 388IC 1487 348IC 1528 366, 464IC 1559 201, 202, 203, 303–04, 464IC 1613 462IC 1653 160, 183IC 1656 160, 183IC 1712 348IC 1748 412IC 1761 348IC 1954 463IC 1990 552, 560IC 1995 557IC 2003 463IC 2035 463IC 2056 463IC 2107 329IC 2120 62IC 2157 463IC 2163 463IC 2172 397IC 2233 356IC 2311 463IC 2391 464IC 2395 464IC 2482 463IC 2488 464

IC 2624 443, 445IC 2976 348IC 2989 372IC 2991 246IC 3136 272, 464IC 3153 237, 238IC 3155 272, 464IC 3268 272, 464IC 3568 463IC 4291 463IC 4329 463IC 4351 463IC 4625 426IC 4662 463IC 4665 29, 464, 466IC 4677 97IC 4703 462, 464IC 4715 17, 57, 220, 464IC 4725 15, 17, 220, 464IC 4756 382, 464, 466IC 4762 354IC 4763 350, 351, 354IC 4812 177IC 4895 397, 401IC 5070 2IC 5146 400IC 5148 462, 463IC 5150 462IC 5181 463IC 5191 271, 272IC 5192 271, 272IC 5193 271, 272IC 5195 271IC 5201 463IC 5290 412IC 5306 387–88Intergalactic Wanderer 30

Jewel Box 5, 86

Keyhole Nebula 517Kidney Been Galaxy 47

Lagoon Nebula 16, 476, 477Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) 3, 15,

74–81, 84–86, 219–20, 420, 453, 459Leo Cluster 46–47, 250, 272Little Dumbbell Nebula 16Local Group 395, 400

M 1 4, 16, 61, 104, 107, 108, 120, 134–36, 143, 161, 167, 206, 213–14, 296, 301, 333–34, 452–53, 478, 482–83, 496, 521

M 2 16, 30, 61, 109, 136, 168, 296, 384–85, 450

M 3 107, 135–36, 167, 296

M 4 16, 18, 79, 221M 5 16, 30, 61, 107, 115, 136, 167, 296, 444M 6 16, 18M 7 15–16, 18, 456M 8 16, 18, 84, 86, 144, 260, 476, 477M 9 143, 167, 296M 10 115, 136, 143, 167, 296M 11 16, 89, 135–36, 143, 296, 444, 475M 12 167, 194M 13 2, 4, 16, 18, 61, 84, 107, 109, 115,

136, 141, 143, 167, 175, 191, 195, 234, 280, 296, 336, 408, 409, 483–84

M 14 18, 64–65, 168, 186, 296M 15 16, 68–69, 108, 136, 168, 186,

280, 296M 16 16, 462, 464M 17 16, 39–40, 60, 86, 89, 95, 104,

120, 142, 168, 209, 214, 296, 301, 343, 406–07, 418, 479, 483, 516–17

M 20 26, 27, 31, 40, 61, 86, 95, 96, 209, 213–14, 336, 406, 476, 514, 516–17

M 22 15–16, 151, 455M 24 16–17, 57, 79, 220, 464M 25 15–17, 79, 220, 464M 27 28, 36, 39, 40, 44–45, 53, 60, 65,

76, 84, 91, 103–04, 106, 108, 111, 114, 117, 135–36, 143, 161, 168, 192, 195, 214, 241, 281, 296–97, 299, 336, 394, 455, 459, 482–83

M 28 135–36M 29 296M 30 39, 61, 143, 175, 296M 31 2, 4, 15–16, 18, 23, 30, 37, 53, 91,

93, 104, 106–09, 120, 124–26, 136, 166–67, 175, 282, 306, 333–34, 336, 397, 399, 413–15, 429, 452, 455, 475, 483, 513, 516

M 32 16, 68–69, 107, 126, 136, 167, 175, 186, 475

M 33 16, 30–31, 104, 114–15, 160, 167, 183, 187, 191, 193, 242, 244, 291, 296, 363–64, 453, 455, 554

M 34 16M 35 16, 221, 296M 36 16, 18, 296M 37 16, 136, 296M 38 16, 79, 221M 39 16, 120, 296M 40 16–17, 79, 146, 220M 41 16, 18, 296, 455M 42 2, 4, 9, 16, 18, 30, 39–40, 77, 86,

90, 102–05, 108–09, 111–12, 124, 126, 141, 143–44, 173, 190, 195, 215, 234, 244, 296, 299, 305, 308, 336, 367–69, 403, 406–07, 418, 455, 475–76, 482–83, 488, 513–14, 516

M 43 16, 31, 79






Object index 633

M 44 2, 15–16, 18, 30, 256, 453–54, 456M 45 16–17, 30, 39, 79, 220, 456, 466,

521M 46 114, 299M 47 15–17, 31, 219–21, 449, 455M 48 16–17, 29, 31, 219M 49 18, 31, 151, 154, 168, 177, 178,

282–83, 519M 50 16, 296M 51 9, 13, 31, 44–45, 51, 60, 76, 98,

100, 102–03, 110, 112–16, 118, 142, 167, 175, 194–95, 205, 209, 214, 281–82, 296–97, 299, 301, 310, 458, 472, 475–76, 479, 481–484, 485, 486–88, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493–496, 497

M 52 168, 296M 53 16, 58, 68–69, 167, 186M 55 16, 151M 56 168, 296M 57 4, 16, 35, 37, 42–43, 44, 60, 84, 91,

104, 106–08, 111, 116–17, 124, 136, 142, 144, 161, 205, 215, 241, 256, 280, 296, 336, 363, 402, 403, 406, 410, 459, 479, 483

M 58 116, 168, 195, 296M 59 16, 167, 214, 296M 60 16, 61, 167, 196, 209, 296M 61 16, 30–31, 61, 191, 194, 296M 63 116, 194, 296M 64 15–16, 59–60, 102, 167, 214, 296,

497M 65 61, 91, 92, 104, 110, 114, 117, 136,

164, 168, 187, 193, 213–14, 279, 281, 296, 306, 497

M 66 54, 61, 91, 102, 104, 136, 168, 187, 191–92, 213–14, 279, 296, 306, 497

M 67 16, 18, 167M 69 186, 220–21, 325M 71 16, 18, 168M 72 30, 168, 296M 73 79, 155–56, 221, 245, 296M 74 30, 104, 116, 145, 167, 193, 487M 75 168, 296M 76 15–17, 31, 44–45, 79, 136, 221,

296, 449M 77 116, 136, 167, 175, 191, 193–94,

214, 301M 78 41, 135–36, 167, 193, 209, 244,

265–66, 291, 296, 420, 455, 522M 79 79, 136, 221M 80 16, 148, 167, 176–77, 234, 260,

296, 514M 81 16, 104, 135–36, 141, 167, 220–21,

290, 296M 82 16, 48–49, 79, 104, 135–37, 141,

152, 167, 220, 290, 296M 83 16, 211–12, 491

M 84 47, 168, 296M 85 296M 86 47, 148, 168, 186, 296M 87 168M 88 116, 194, 214M 90 79, 168, 221, 296M 91 15, 17, 30–31, 55–57, 219M 92 79, 107, 167, 186, 221, 268, 286,

288–89, 296, 321, 325, 336M 93 16M 94 136, 167, 194, 214, 282, 296, 484M 95 136, 167, 193, 296, 515M 96 110, 116, 136, 167, 193, 296M 97 102, 114, 116, 117, 136, 168, 190,

296, 305, 403M 98 168, 296, 306M 99 102, 112–14, 115, 116, 193,

211–12, 214, 296, 491M 100 116, 194, 211–12, 214, 296, 491M 101 18, 104, 167, 191, 194, 195, 244,

296, 487M 102 17–18, 30–31, 114, 117–18, 121,

167, 181, 219M 103 55, 68, 181M 104 17, 31, 56, 60–61, 91, 168, 214M 105 17, 31, 56, 136M 106 17, 30–31, 56, 61, 168M 107 16–18, 31, 55, 64–65, 71, 79–80,

167, 186M 108 17, 31, 56M 109 17, 31, 40, 56, 136M 110 17, 29–31, 56, 126, 167, 193, 475Maia Nebula 8, 438, 444, 455–56,

521–22, 542–43, 544, 545, 550–51, 560

Markarian’s Chain 47, 209MCG -1–30–5 388MCG -1–30–8 388MCG 3–31–25 383MCG 3–31–27 383MCG 5–1–73 424MCG 6–2–16 376MCG 6–2–17 376MCG 15–1–10 58McNeil’s Nebula 522Merope Nebula 5, 9, 13, 88, 163,

171–73, 176, 209–10, 252, 264, 330, 333, 360, 384, 438, 456, 472, 479, 503, 514–15, 521, 524, 525–31, 532, 533, 534, 536, 537, 538–40, 541, 542–43, 545–46, 547, 548, 551, 560

Milky Way 1, 3, 39, 74, 84–86, 142, 150, 174, 223, 234, 239, 241, 251, 254, 316, 390, 392, 396, 398, 400, 403, 406, 438, 442, 477, 484–85, 489, 510, 547, 551, 553, 555

Mrk 205 430–31

NGC 1 4, 160, 242–43, 245NGC 2 4, 160, 242, 309NGC 3 4, 256NGC 4 4, 256NGC 5 4NGC 6 4, 288–89, 301–02NGC 7 4NGC 8 4, 283, 284NGC 9 4, 283, 284NGC 10 4NGC 12 53NGC 16 54, 160NGC 18 289NGC 20 288–89, 301–02, 321NGC 23 121NGC 29 58NGC 32 178–79, 182–83NGC 35 436NGC 40 41NGC 46 139, 183NGC 47 328, 329, 330, 461NGC 50 269, 270, 329NGC 54 328–30, 461NGC 55 420, 421NGC 58 328, 461NGC 62 377, 435NGC 63 279–80, 364NGC 67 191NGC 68 191NGC 69 191NGC 70 190–91NGC 71 191NGC 72 191NGC 74 191NGC 76 424, 425NGC 78 294, 383, 461NGC 81 312, 314NGC 85 313NGC 90 289, 301–02, 303, 321NGC 91 301–02, 303, 321NGC 93 301–02, 303, 321NGC 100 356, 357NGC 104 5, 453NGC 107 283NGC 108 193NGC 109 160, 183NGC 110 120NGC 113 266NGC 114 332, 362NGC 116 270NGC 118 332, 362NGC 124 332, 362NGC 125 298NGC 133 243, 244, 247NGC 134 420, 421NGC 140 362NGC 146 120






634 Object index

NGC 155 434, 436NGC 157 167, 269NGC 160 201–03NGC 162 201, 202, 203, 244–45, 289,

308–09NGC 163 459NGC 167 433NGC 169 200–201, 202, 203, 464NGC 183 362NGC 185 300NGC 189 29NGC 192 127NGC 194 127, 130NGC 195 266NGC 196 127, 130NGC 197 127NGC 201 127, 130NGC 203 276, 312–13NGC 205 17, 29–31, 107, 167, 193–94,

475NGC 206 126, 397, 399NGC 207 435NGC 210 193, 435, 438NGC 211 276, 312–13NGC 219 127–29, 130, 131, 204–05NGC 221 68, 135–36, 167, 186NGC 223 127–28, 130, 131, 183, 204,

241, 348NGC 224 2, 91, 135–36, 167, 452, 455,

516NGC 225 29NGC 227 441NGC 237 362NGC 246 41NGC 247 197NGC 253 5, 20, 29, 30, 80, 213, 214NGC 259 54, 198NGC 272 245NGC 274 188NGC 275 188, 300NGC 278 193, 300NGC 281 397, 399NGC 292 5, 16, 80, 86, 453–55NGC 295 312–13NGC 296 312NGC 300 420NGC 308 306NGC 309 266NGC 310 306NGC 316 200, 267, 302NGC 318 373NGC 337 193, 468, 469NGC 337A 468, 469NGC 338 373NGC 344 434, 456, 457NGC 346 420NGC 370 160–61, 183, 314–15

NGC 372 160–61, 183, 314–15NGC 373 315, 318NGC 374 160, 183NGC 375 309, 318NGC 379 318NGC 380 318NGC 381 29, 161NGC 382 318NGC 383 318NGC 384 160, 183, 201, 318NGC 385 160–61, 183, 201, 318NGC 386 318NGC 387 309, 318NGC 388 318NGC 391 128, 183, 204NGC 394 200NGC 397 306NGC 399 309NGC 400 306NGC 401 306NGC 402 309NGC 404 356NGC 405 453–54NGC 407 373NGC 408 289, 373NGC 414 289, 373NGC 422 78NGC 425 362NGC 443 160, 183NGC 447 160, 183NGC 453 376NGC 467 288NGC 470 288NGC 474 288NGC 475 327NGC 481 435NGC 495 47NGC 496 47NGC 504 160–61, 183NGC 506 309NGC 507 47NGC 508 47NGC 510 289NGC 516 330NGC 519 355NGC 520 300NGC 522 330NGC 523 210NGC 524 330NGC 525 330NGC 530 355NGC 532 403NGC 535 250NGC 537 210NGC 538 355NGC 539 434–35NGC 541 250

NGC 543 250NGC 545 249NGC 547 249NGC 548 249, 336–37NGC 557 355NGC 558 250NGC 559 120NGC 560 249, 273, 331NGC 563 434–35NGC 564 249, 273, 331NGC 565 336–37NGC 570 337NGC 577 331–32, 363, 365, 366NGC 580 331–32, 363, 365, 366NGC 581 68NGC 584 25, 348NGC 586 25NGC 588 160–61, 183, 244NGC 591 362NGC 592 160–61, 183, 244NGC 595 161, 244, 363–64NGC 596 151, 154NGC 598 31, 114, 167, 191, 193NGC 599 436NGC 602 75NGC 604 453, 455NGC 607 154–56, 183, 210, 236NGC 609 244NGC 614 55, 198, 445NGC 615 151, 154–55NGC 618 55, 196–98, 445NGC 627 55, 198, 445NGC 628 116, 167, 193, 487NGC 629 68–69, 183NGC 650 16–17, 45, 136, 449NGC 651 16–17, 31, 45, 136, 449NGC 657 120NGC 659 29NGC 661 397, 399NGC 674 210NGC 676 159NGC 679 46NGC 687 46NGC 693 191NGC 697 210NGC 701 153NGC 703 46NGC 704 46NGC 705 46NGC 708 46NGC 709 309NGC 710 250, 309NGC 714 250, 309NGC 717 250, 309NGC 727 79NGC 729 79NGC 731 327, 435






Object index 635

NGC 733 199–200NGC 739 313NGC 741 45NGC 742 45NGC 750 301–02, 303NGC 751 301–02, 303, 321NGC 752 29, 31, 56NGC 755 327, 435NGC 757 435NGC 760 313NGC 763 435NGC 769 362NGC 770 200NGC 771 55, 58, 157–58, 453–54NGC 772 193, 356NGC 778 362NGC 780 197NGC 787 326, 327, 332, 435NGC 793 430, 461NGC 808 420NGC 821 152–53, 209NGC 823 58, 80, 420NGC 833 46, 420NGC 835 46, 420NGC 838 46, 420NGC 839 46, 420NGC 851 358NGC 856 347NGC 859 347NGC 863 347, 445NGC 864 197NGC 866 347–48, 445NGC 867 247NGC 869 5, 16, 31NGC 870 318, 456NGC 875 247NGC 884 5, 16, 31NGC 885 347, 445NGC 891 5, 29, 30, 60, 377NGC 898 377NGC 903 377NGC 906 378NGC 909 378NGC 910 377NGC 911 378NGC 912 378NGC 913 378NGC 914 378NGC 923 378NGC 926 266NGC 927 411–12, 413, 452NGC 930 312, 313NGC 932 312, 313NGC 934 266NGC 936 161NGC 948 435NGC 952 274

NGC 955 519, 520NGC 957 120NGC 961 435NGC 972 191, 274, 321NGC 976 266NGC 983 375NGC 985 433, 434NGC 986 420NGC 988 159NGC 1002 375NGC 1009 358NGC 1012 191NGC 1015 266NGC 1016 267, 363–64NGC 1017 435NGC 1020 363NGC 1022 153, 327NGC 1023 135–36, 191NGC 1032 21, 26, 193, 363NGC 1038 347NGC 1044 516NGC 1045 516NGC 1051 435NGC 1052 136NGC 1055 151, 153NGC 1062 312–13NGC 1068 116, 136, 167, 191, 193–94,

214, 300NGC 1084 214NGC 1111 257NGC 1135 81NGC 1141 255, 329NGC 1142 255, 329NGC 1148 435NGC 1170 62, 337, 448NGC 1173 424NGC 1174 521NGC 1177 309NGC 1182 434, 436NGC 1184 26NGC 1186 197, 460, 521NGC 1187 399NGC 1195 315NGC 1205 434, 436NGC 1207 197NGC 1211 362NGC 1212 357NGC 1213 357NGC 1214 436NGC 1215 436NGC 1224 357NGC 1234 442NGC 1241 298NGC 1242 298NGC 1243 298NGC 1251 129, 200NGC 1255 397, 399–400, 436

NGC 1257 423NGC 1259 424NGC 1260 424NGC 1264 424NGC 1265 117, 424–25NGC 1267 250NGC 1268 250NGC 1270 250NGC 1271 424NGC 1272 250NGC 1273 250NGC 1274 309NGC 1275 244–45, 250NGC 1276 315NGC 1277 309, 314–15, 320NGC 1279 315NGC 1281 315NGC 1282 424NGC 1283 424NGC 1292 397, 401NGC 1293 516NGC 1294 516NGC 1297 397NGC 1302 397NGC 1304 435NGC 1307 435NGC 1310 82NGC 1312 129, 204NGC 1315 82NGC 1316 75–76, 81NGC 1317 75, 261NGC 1318 75, 261NGC 1322 80NGC 1325 62NGC 1326 82NGC 1330 376NGC 1333 9, 65, 127–28, 162, 164,

166–67, 183, 205, 209, 222, 236–38, 503, 514–15, 524, 528

NGC 1336 82NGC 1341 82NGC 1350 75NGC 1351 82NGC 1360 172–73, 255, 262, 264, 271,

284, 340, 344, 349–50, 363, 375, 448NGC 1363 365–66NGC 1365 75–76NGC 1367 436NGC 1369 261NGC 1371 172, 262, 436NGC 1373 82NGC 1374 82NGC 1375 82, 260–61NGC 1378 260–61NGC 1379 82NGC 1380 75, 260NGC 1381 261






636 Object index

NGC 1382 261NGC 1386 261NGC 1387 82NGC 1389 260–61, 329NGC 1392 350NGC 1396 261NGC 1398 172, 172–173, 262–64, 330NGC 1399 75NGC 1400 167NGC 1407 167NGC 1408 260–61NGC 1412 262NGC 1417 55, 57, 519NGC 1418 55, 57, 519NGC 1419 82NGC 1427 82NGC 1428 261NGC 1432 8, 438, 444, 455–56, 521–22,

542, 544, 545, 560NGC 1435 5, 9, 13, 163, 172–73, 183,

208, 329–30, 438, 456, 472, 479, 514–15, 521, 545

NGC 1436 81–82NGC 1437 81–82NGC 1440 435, 445NGC 1441 314, 316NGC 1442 435, 445NGC 1443 315, 316NGC 1446 315, 316, 332NGC 1449 314, 316NGC 1450 433, 436NGC 1451 314, 316NGC 1452 435NGC 1453 316NGC 1455 435NGC 1456 430, 461NGC 1458 435, 445NGC 1460 82NGC 1469 519NGC 1488 139, 140, 183NGC 1491 441NGC 1497 401NGC 1499 5, 397–98, 401, 402, 458,

550, 556NGC 1509 436NGC 1513 292NGC 1514 39, 40, 41, 57, 104, 121, 153,

157, 191, 193–94, 195NGC 1516 436NGC 1521 336NGC 1524 436NGC 1530 266NGC 1535 37, 134, 161, 167, 214, 252NGC 1544 266, 330NGC 1550 210NGC 1551 210NGC 1553 81

NGC 1554 124, 281, 283–84, 472, 498, 499, 504–12

NGC 1555 5, 9, 13, 121, 124–25, 163–64, 176, 183, 206, 215, 234, 236, 284, 472, 479, 498, 499, 505–09, 511–12, 514–15, 522–23, 526, 528

NGC 1575 436NGC 1576 197NGC 1577 436NGC 1579 191NGC 1587 516NGC 1588 516NGC 1593 309NGC 1601 301–02, 321NGC 1608 309NGC 1618 356NGC 1622 199–200, 356NGC 1624 128, 204–05NGC 1625 207, 356NGC 1637 116, 191, 193NGC 1640 434NGC 1655 430, 461NGC 1662 280NGC 1665 197NGC 1674 430, 461NGC 1675 430, 461NGC 1699 201NGC 1707 329NGC 1721 397, 401NGC 1723 397, 401NGC 1724 268, 448NGC 1725 397, 401NGC 1726 210NGC 1728 397, 401NGC 1730 433NGC 1735 420NGC 1736 420NGC 1737 420NGC 1742 306NGC 1743 420NGC 1744 420NGC 1745 420NGC 1746 245NGC 1748 420NGC 1750 245NGC 1751 75–76, 456NGC 1757 197NGC 1758 245NGC 1760 420NGC 1767 460NGC 1778 51, 120NGC 1779 420NGC 1781 434, 436NGC 1785 78, 460NGC 1788 345NGC 1794 434, 436NGC 1798 397, 401, 455

NGC 1808 420NGC 1824 79NGC 1825 460NGC 1838 72, 79NGC 1847 420NGC 1855 79NGC 1869 84–85NGC 1871 84–85NGC 1873 84–85NGC 1888 420NGC 1889 420NGC 1904 136NGC 1905 86NGC 1913 460NGC 1918 74, 453NGC 1922 460NGC 1924 127, 129, 204NGC 1927 197NGC 1929 84NGC 1931 136, 241NGC 1934 84NGC 1937 84NGC 1950 420NGC 1952 107, 134, 136, 143, 161, 167,

214, 300, 453NGC 1958 420NGC 1959 420NGC 1960 18NGC 1961 22NGC 1962 420NGC 1965 420NGC 1966 85, 420NGC 1967 460NGC 1969 420NGC 1970 420NGC 1971 420NGC 1972 420NGC 1973 244NGC 1975 244NGC 1976 18, 86, 143, 455, 516NGC 1977 86NGC 1980 114, 118, 134NGC 1981 58NGC 1982 31NGC 1988 9, 182, 205, 206, 207, 334,

448, 453, 511, 514–15, 527NGC 1990 157NGC 1999 241, 300NGC 2020 452NGC 2022 134, 143, 161, 214, 285NGC 2023 161NGC 2024 32–33, 142, 166, 169, 170,

186, 241, 252, 300NGC 2037 460NGC 2043 420, 421NGC 2044 460NGC 2045 454






Object index 637

NGC 2046 420NGC 2047 420NGC 2050 460NGC 2052 460NGC 2054 128, 231–32, 314–15NGC 2057 420NGC 2058 420NGC 2059 420NGC 2060 453, 460NGC 2064 242, 244, 265NGC 2065 420–21NGC 2066 420NGC 2067 265–66, 329NGC 2068 136, 167, 193–94, 265, 300,

420NGC 2070 86NGC 2071 41, 209–10NGC 2072 420, 421NGC 2074 460NGC 2081 460NGC 2091 460NGC 2092 460NGC 2096 460NGC 2099 136NGC 2102 460NGC 2128 358NGC 2141 397, 459–61NGC 2142 57, 157, 454NGC 2146 263–64, 267, 461NGC 2149 30, 274, 276NGC 2163 375, 376NGC 2167 40–41, 55–56, 57NGC 2169 280NGC 2170 40–41, 57, 240, 300NGC 2174 376NGC 2175 170, 183, 459NGC 2182 41NGC 2183 302NGC 2185 167, 300NGC 2189 127, 129, 204NGC 2194 167, 182, 186, 279–80, 321,

441NGC 2195 430, 461NGC 2198 127, 129, 204NGC 2202 68NGC 2204 29NGC 2218 139, 183NGC 2225 397NGC 2226 397, 459–61NGC 2232 35NGC 2237 5, 256, 340, 341, 342, 349NGC 2238 5, 256, 257NGC 2239 5, 55–56, 449NGC 2240 152NGC 2242 349, 382, 449, 455NGC 2243 75, 449NGC 2244 16, 31, 55–56, 449

NGC 2245 191, 280, 385NGC 2246 5, 256, 342, 349, 455NGC 2247 304, 345, 385NGC 2248 139, 140, 183, 306NGC 2261 5, 40, 61, 84, 114, 134, 136,

143, 176, 234, 241, 514, 521–22NGC 2264 35, 196–97, 531NGC 2268 267, 274, 277, 455NGC 2273 293NGC 2276 263, 264, 266–67, 276, 293NGC 2282 397, 402NGC 2287 18, 454–55NGC 2290 302, 321NGC 2296 349, 455NGC 2300 263, 264, 266–67, 274,

276–77, 293NGC 2301 46NGC 2304 61NGC 2313 242, 244, 245NGC 2316 191, 418NGC 2317 191, 418NGC 2319 47–48NGC 2321 201, 302NGC 2327 41, 516NGC 2330 303–04, 424–25NGC 2332 460NGC 2334 303–04, 424–25NGC 2336 266, 350NGC 2340 460NGC 2346 41NGC 2349 29, 459NGC 2355 64, 186NGC 2359 80, 214, 423NGC 2360 29, 80, 167, 459NGC 2361 329, 423, 425NGC 2362 31, 35, 56, 80, 454NGC 2363 313, 317NGC 2366 22, 300NGC 2371 44–45, 46, 61, 114, 134,

143, 208–09, 214, 287, 299–300, 449, 515–16

NGC 2372 44–45, 46, 61, 114, 143, 208–09, 287, 299–300, 449, 515–16

NGC 2373 200, 302, 373NGC 2375 200, 302, 373NGC 2378 373, 376NGC 2379 373NGC 2386 309NGC 2390 306NGC 2391 306NGC 2392 5–6, 40–41, 84, 114, 118,

119, 121, 134, 143, 157, 214, 241, 250, 282, 288, 441

NGC 2399 128, 130, 183, 204NGC 2400 128, 130, 183, 204NGC 2403 30, 167, 423, 424, 425NGC 2404 423, 424, 425, 455

NGC 2410 362NGC 2412 430, 461NGC 2415 91NGC 2422 16–17, 31, 220, 449, 455NGC 2429 313NGC 2438 114, 116, 134, 143, 167, 299NGC 2440 134, 143, 167NGC 2441 329NGC 2444 377NGC 2445 377NGC 2451 80–81NGC 2457 313NGC 2458 425NGC 2459 197NGC 2461 425NGC 2462 425NGC 2464 425NGC 2465 425NGC 2467 37NGC 2471 425NGC 2478 16–17, 31, 220, 449, 455NGC 2493 199NGC 2495 199NGC 2506 64, 115, 186NGC 2509 47–48NGC 2511 200, 208NGC 2513 199, 208NGC 2515 128, 131, 204NGC 2518 430, 461NGC 2519 430, 461NGC 2523 349, 358NGC 2529 424NGC 2531 424NGC 2537 193, 195NGC 2538 272NGC 2542 79, 81, 157, 454NGC 2548 16–17, 29, 31, 219NGC 2553 250NGC 2556 250NGC 2557 250, 272NGC 2558 250NGC 2560 250NGC 2562 250NGC 2563 250NGC 2565 430, 461NGC 2568 397, 399NGC 2569 250NGC 2570 250, 313NGC 2572 272NGC 2573 57, 81, 82, 455NGC 2581 377NGC 2591 243NGC 2603 318, 456NGC 2608 193NGC 2620 216–17, 255NGC 2623 18NGC 2624 256






638 Object index

NGC 2625 256NGC 2629 48NGC 2630 329NGC 2631 329NGC 2632 456NGC 2637 255–56NGC 2641 48NGC 2643 255–56NGC 2644 376NGC 2647 256NGC 2650 48NGC 2652 436NGC 2655 21, 127, 129, 136–37, 204NGC 2657 377NGC 2658 85–86NGC 2661 425NGC 2663 349NGC 2672 25, 44–45, 208, 286, 287, 288NGC 2673 44–45, 286, 287, 288NGC 2677 286, 287, 288NGC 2681 91NGC 2682 18, 167NGC 2683 91, 136NGC 2685 329NGC 2689 303–04, 317, 318NGC 2694 200, 302NGC 2695 91, 92, 514NGC 2698 208NGC 2699 208NGC 2700 265–66, 461NGC 2702 265–66, 461NGC 2703 265–66, 461NGC 2705 265–66, 461NGC 2707 265–66, 461NGC 2713 246NGC 2715 277NGC 2716 246NGC 2720 267NGC 2727 197NGC 2736 420NGC 2760 350NGC 2774 373NGC 2775 91NGC 2776 193NGC 2795 246NGC 2799 313NGC 2804 197NGC 2806 314–15NGC 2807 209NGC 2807A 209NGC 2808 80NGC 2809 197, 209NGC 2818 74NGC 2818A 74NGC 2819 411–12NGC 2826 201NGC 2830 36

NGC 2835 397, 401NGC 2841 136, 167NGC 2843 35–36NGC 2846 311NGC 2847 317NGC 2848 300, 317NGC 2849 80–81, 82NGC 2852 208NGC 2853 197, 208NGC 2859 136NGC 2861 246NGC 2863 425, 436NGC 2867 38NGC 2869 425, 436NGC 2871 309, 310NGC 2872 26, 310NGC 2873 310NGC 2874 309, 310NGC 2875 309, 310NGC 2876 436NGC 2887 80–81NGC 2901 434NGC 2903 44–45, 61, 91, 112–14, 116,

136, 193, 214, 300NGC 2905 44–45, 61, 114, 214NGC 2908 21NGC 2912 289NGC 2919 266NGC 2926 411–12NGC 2934 254NGC 2944 411–12NGC 2953 80NGC 2954 80NGC 2961 311NGC 2973 86NGC 2974 436NGC 2977 242, 515NGC 2979 436NGC 2981 411–12, 413NGC 2997 30NGC 3007 376, 435NGC 3013 309NGC 3016 200, 302NGC 3031 136, 167NGC 3034 48, 136–37, 167NGC 3047 365–66NGC 3050 436NGC 3054 326, 327, 436NGC 3055 33, 300NGC 3057 20–22NGC 3058 433NGC 3063 22, 23, 48NGC 3065 22, 23NGC 3066 22, 23, 321NGC 3069 315NGC 3071 411NGC 3075 80

NGC 3077 68, 186, 290NGC 3080 23NGC 3094 411–12NGC 3097 337NGC 3102 337NGC 3107 23NGC 3110 375–76, 434, 436, 445NGC 3114 75NGC 3115 167, 290NGC 3116 411NGC 3119 134NGC 3120 81NGC 3121 133, 134, 146, 183, 216NGC 3122 375–76, 434, 436, 445NGC 3123 129, 204NGC 3126 283–84NGC 3129 197NGC 3132 134, 143, 214NGC 3134 372NGC 3135 197, 238NGC 3143 387NGC 3144 247NGC 3148 454NGC 3153 326–27, 372NGC 3162 193, 211, 247NGC 3165 300, 373NGC 3166 300NGC 3167 245NGC 3169 300NGC 3172 24, 57, 58, 81, 455NGC 3174 247NGC 3179 304NGC 3183 247NGC 3184 191, 193NGC 3185 199, 237, 285NGC 3190 191, 282NGC 3193 282NGC 3198 116, 193NGC 3200 405NGC 3210 48, 80NGC 3212 48NGC 3214 313NGC 3215 48, 372NGC 3218 242, 247, 515NGC 3222 145–46, 183, 286NGC 3226 141, 146, 150, 182, 186, 208NGC 3227 141, 146, 150, 182, 186, 208NGC 3229 129, 204NGC 3230 516, 517NGC 3234 197, 210NGC 3235 210NGC 3239 241NGC 3242 5, 37–38, 40, 42–43, 134,

143, 152, 167, 207, 214, 300, 305, 513NGC 3244 86NGC 3272 289NGC 3279 371, 372






Object index 639

NGC 3280 387, 435NGC 3280A 435NGC 3280B 435NGC 3280C 435NGC 3284 448NGC 3285 83NGC 3286 448NGC 3295 387, 435NGC 3301 210, 211, 312NGC 3305 83NGC 3307 82–83NGC 3308 83NGC 3309 82–83NGC 3310 114, 190, 193NGC 3311 82–83NGC 3312 83NGC 3314 83NGC 3315 337NGC 3316 83, 337NGC 3317 337NGC 3321 387, 435NGC 3322 387, 435NGC 3328 326–27NGC 3332 23, 371–72NGC 3336 83NGC 3342 23, 371–72NGC 3344 193NGC 3345 208, 279, 515NGC 3351 136, 167, 193NGC 3353 267NGC 3355 337, 448NGC 3357 246NGC 3359 197NGC 3360 387NGC 3361 387NGC 3362 373NGC 3367 193NGC 3368 116, 136, 167, 193NGC 3372 5, 86, 514, 516–17, 518, 522NGC 3375 373NGC 3377 136, 153NGC 3379 17, 31, 136, 306NGC 3382 311NGC 3384 136, 306NGC 3388 386–87NGC 3389 306NGC 3391 246NGC 3395 191, 193NGC 3396 191NGC 3397 242, 515NGC 3401 455NGC 3402 386–87NGC 3404 387NGC 3410 311NGC 3411 386NGC 3413 210NGC 3414 136

NGC 3419 267NGC 3421 387NGC 3422 387NGC 3423 91, 300NGC 3425 332, 386–87NGC 3427 372NGC 3428 387–88NGC 3429 387–88NGC 3430 253NGC 3436 372NGC 3440 300NGC 3441 387, 405NGC 3445 300NGC 3447 80–81NGC 3452 387NGC 3457 55, 56, 303–04NGC 3460 303–04NGC 3461 303–04NGC 3462 372NGC 3476 387–88NGC 3479 434–35NGC 3480 387–88NGC 3485 193NGC 3486 136NGC 3489 136, 153NGC 3490 387NGC 3492 326–27, 461NGC 3495 81NGC 3497 436, 443, 444, 445NGC 3502 434–35NGC 3504 136, 193NGC 3505 81NGC 3508 81NGC 3510 193NGC 3518 375–76, 434, 436, 445NGC 3521 136, 168, 300NGC 3522 343, 350NGC 3525 436, 445NGC 3526 405NGC 3528 81, 436, 445NGC 3529 444NGC 3531 405NGC 3534 283NGC 3537 387–88NGC 3541 387–88NGC 3544 436NGC 3547 197NGC 3556 17, 31NGC 3563 283NGC 3571 436NGC 3575 211, 247NGC 3576 420NGC 3579 420NGC 3580 266NGC 3581 420NGC 3582 420NGC 3584 420

NGC 3586 420NGC 3587 114, 136, 168NGC 3588 343, 350, 356, 357NGC 3593 280, 306NGC 3596 193, 403NGC 3598 267NGC 3604 27, 371–72NGC 3609 283NGC 3611 27, 371–72NGC 3612 283NGC 3621 23, 26, 449NGC 3623 91, 114, 136, 168, 193, 280NGC 3627 91, 136, 168, 191, 214, 280NGC 3628 110, 280, 300NGC 3630 206NGC 3631 193NGC 3636 386–87NGC 3637 386–87NGC 3640 168, 206NGC 3641 267NGC 3645 206, 344NGC 3646 193NGC 3662 164, 166, 168, 176, 208, 514NGC 3663 387NGC 3665 136NGC 3666 262, 519, 520NGC 3672 153NGC 3675 136NGC 3685 372NGC 3688 387–88, 435NGC 3690 303–04, 353–54, 517NGC 3690A 353NGC 3690B 353NGC 3694 305NGC 3695 305, 306, 314–15NGC 3698 305, 306, 314–15NGC 3700 305, 306NGC 3704 387–88NGC 3705 279NGC 3707 387–88NGC 3722 387, 388, 435NGC 3723 387NGC 3724 387, 388, 435NGC 3726 116, 193NGC 3732 386–88NGC 3736 393, 394, 395, 459, 461NGC 3739 283NGC 3743 312, 314NGC 3745 314NGC 3746 313, 314NGC 3748 314NGC 3750 314NGC 3751 314NGC 3753 314NGC 3754 314NGC 3758 312, 314, 373NGC 3760 210, 211, 312






640 Object index

NGC 3763 387NGC 3766 75–76NGC 3768 312NGC 3775 387NGC 3779 387NGC 3792 405NGC 3799 61NGC 3800 61NGC 3810 168, 193NGC 3816 250NGC 3821 22, 47NGC 3837 22, 47NGC 3840 250NGC 3842 46–47NGC 3843 405NGC 3844 250NGC 3847 247NGC 3849 372NGC 3853 277NGC 3854 387, 435NGC 3856 247NGC 3857 272NGC 3858 387, 435NGC 3859 272NGC 3860 47NGC 3862 47NGC 3864 272NGC 3865 387, 435NGC 3866 387, 435NGC 3867 272NGC 3868 272NGC 3873 250NGC 3875 47NGC 3884 47NGC 3886 250NGC 3889 311NGC 3893 168, 193NGC 3894 45, 516NGC 3895 45, 516NGC 3905 387, 436NGC 3910 283NGC 3918 38, 80–81NGC 3927 245NGC 3928 208NGC 3932 208, 245NGC 3933 276, 277, 383NGC 3934 276, 277, 383NGC 3938 116, 193NGC 3941 136NGC 3948 424NGC 3950 309NGC 3953 191NGC 3966 247NGC 3975 309NGC 3976 411–12NGC 3979 348, 405–06NGC 3986 247

NGC 3987 314, 316NGC 3989 314, 316NGC 3992 17, 31, 136NGC 3993 314, 316NGC 3996 58NGC 3997 314, 316NGC 3999 311, 316NGC 4000 311, 316NGC 4005 283–84, 314, 316NGC 4007 283–84NGC 4008 55–56NGC 4009 315, 316NGC 4011 315, 316NGC 4012 364NGC 4015 315, 316NGC 4017 193NGC 4018 315, 316NGC 4019 58NGC 4021 315, 316, 317NGC 4022 315, 316NGC 4023 315, 316NGC 4030 168NGC 4038 5, 40, 45, 47–48, 49, 191, 193NGC 4039 5, 40, 45, 47–48, 49, 191, 193NGC 4042 254, 455, 456, 457–58NGC 4045 247, 371–72NGC 4046 247, 371–72NGC 4051 191, 193NGC 4053 258NGC 4058 337NGC 4061 46, 516NGC 4063 371–72, 375NGC 4064 244–45NGC 4065 46, 516NGC 4069 46NGC 4070 46NGC 4072 313NGC 4073 372NGC 4074 46NGC 4075 372NGC 4076 46NGC 4077 247, 371–72NGC 4078 246, 247, 256, 258NGC 4082 246NGC 4083 246NGC 4086 247NGC 4089 247NGC 4090 247NGC 4091 247NGC 4092 247NGC 4093 247NGC 4102 193NGC 4107 246, 247, 257–58NGC 4109 200, 302NGC 4110 317NGC 4111 136NGC 4116 327

NGC 4118 201, 302–03, 319NGC 4119 28NGC 4123 193NGC 4124 28NGC 4125 124–25, 168, 183, 268NGC 4129 247NGC 4130 247NGC 4131 46NGC 4132 46NGC 4134 46NGC 4139 372NGC 4140 247, 371–72NGC 4151 191, 193NGC 4156 191NGC 4160 424NGC 4165 267NGC 4169 46, 46NGC 4170 46NGC 4171 46NGC 4173 46, 46NGC 4174 46, 46NGC 4175 46, 46NGC 4179 371–72NGC 4182 326NGC 4192 168, 280NGC 4202 371–72NGC 4203 135–37NGC 4205 160, 183NGC 4206 332NGC 4208 448NGC 4209 23NGC 4212 448NGC 4214 61, 300NGC 4216 136, 280NGC 4222 332NGC 4228 61NGC 4239 383NGC 4240 387–88NGC 4243 387–88NGC 4247 337NGC 4254 114, 116, 193, 214, 280NGC 4255 272, 326–27NGC 4258 17, 31, 168NGC 4259 237NGC 4268 237, 238NGC 4269 209–10, 286NGC 4270 20, 46, 209–10, 237, 238NGC 4273 46, 237, 238NGC 4276 326NGC 4277 46, 237, 238NGC 4281 46, 237, 238NGC 4291 241NGC 4303 31, 61, 191, 194NGC 4307 326, 332NGC 4308 332, 362NGC 4309 326–27, 461NGC 4310 247






Object index 641

NGC 4314 364NGC 4316 373NGC 4319 241, 430, 431, 461NGC 4321 116, 194, 214NGC 4322 329NGC 4324 209, 237–38NGC 4325 247NGC 4327 329NGC 4330 301–02, 321NGC 4338 247NGC 4345 430, 461NGC 4347 326–27NGC 4352 321NGC 4353 326NGC 4355 371–72NGC 4357 425NGC 4358 448NGC 4360 373NGC 4361 40, 136NGC 4362 448NGC 4364 448NGC 4368 247NGC 4374 168NGC 4381 425NGC 4383 236–38, 319NGC 4389 191NGC 4395 48, 49, 61NGC 4396 242–43NGC 4399 47, 49NGC 4400 47, 49NGC 4401 47–48, 49, 61NGC 4402 148–49, 182–83, 186NGC 4406 168, 186NGC 4411 326NGC 4414 194NGC 4418 371–72NGC 4424 23NGC 4426 425NGC 4427 425NGC 4435 47–48, 208NGC 4438 47–48, 208NGC 4443 317NGC 4449 44, 46NGC 4452 153NGC 4453 36NGC 4458 208NGC 4461 208NGC 4464 177, 178NGC 4466 301–02, 321NGC 4467 177, 178, 282–83NGC 4470 28, 177, 178NGC 4471 177, 178, 179, 260, 519NGC 4472 18, 31, 168NGC 4473 155–57, 186, 514NGC 4476 214NGC 4477 155, 156, 186, 212, 214, 514NGC 4478 214

NGC 4479 155, 156, 157, 212, 214NGC 4485 191, 194, 195NGC 4486 168NGC 4490 191, 195NGC 4492 177, 178NGC 4494 197NGC 4501 116, 194, 214, 280, 300NGC 4526 28, 154NGC 4530 55, 157, 158, 454NGC 4536 191, 194NGC 4544 358NGC 4548 17, 31, 55, 219NGC 4549 35NGC 4559 168NGC 4560 28, 153NGC 4565 5, 30, 60, 91, 110, 168, 190,

213–14, 282NGC 4567 45, 55, 61, 209NGC 4568 45, 55, 61, 209NGC 4569 168NGC 4571 17, 55–56NGC 4575 83NGC 4576 405NGC 4578 195NGC 4579 116, 168NGC 4581 405NGC 4582 129, 204NGC 4585 364NGC 4587 411–12NGC 4589 23NGC 4592 405NGC 4594 17, 31, 60, 91, 168, 214NGC 4601 83NGC 4603 83NGC 4604 326–27, 461NGC 4605 168NGC 4606 214NGC 4607 304NGC 4610 28NGC 4614 364NGC 4615 364NGC 4616 83NGC 4618 45, 191, 194NGC 4621 167, 214NGC 4622 83NGC 4624 28, 445NGC 4625 194NGC 4627 61, 114NGC 4631 30, 61, 114, 117NGC 4633 358NGC 4634 214NGC 4639 194NGC 4644 48–49NGC 4645 83NGC 4646 48–49, 344NGC 4647 61, 153, 196, 209NGC 4649 61, 167

NGC 4650 83NGC 4656 45, 61, 191NGC 4657 45, 61, 191NGC 4661 83NGC 4664 27, 445NGC 4665 27, 445NGC 4669 321NGC 4672 83NGC 4676 44NGC 4677 83NGC 4683 83NGC 4686 49NGC 4689 194NGC 4692 247NGC 4695 48–49NGC 4696 83NGC 4697 167NGC 4702 247NGC 4706 83NGC 4710 191NGC 4725 116, 167, 194NGC 4729 83NGC 4730 83NGC 4731 519NGC 4736 136, 167, 194, 214NGC 4738 425NGC 4743 83NGC 4744 83NGC 4755 5, 86, 299, 517NGC 4759 81, 330NGC 4760 263–64NGC 4761 330NGC 4762 91NGC 4764 330NGC 4774 47, 255, 329NGC 4776 81NGC 4778 330NGC 4797 247NGC 4798 247NGC 4800 166–67NGC 4802 332NGC 4804 332NGC 4826 60, 167, 214NGC 4827 197NGC 4840 319, 321NGC 4858 248NGC 4864 249NGC 4866 280NGC 4867 243, 424–25NGC 4870 311NGC 4871 243, 424–25NGC 4873 243, 424–25NGC 4874 248, 249NGC 4878 448NGC 4879 448NGC 4882 246–47NGC 4883 243, 424–25






642 Object index

NGC 4884 247–48NGC 4886 246–47NGC 4888 448NGC 4889 247–48, 249, 424NGC 4898 243, 426NGC 4900 91NGC 4908 245–46, 321NGC 4912 309NGC 4913 309NGC 4914 309–10NGC 4916 309NGC 4921 249NGC 4949 244–45NGC 4960 247NGC 4961 247NGC 4969 358NGC 4978 197NGC 4982 329NGC 4989 139, 182NGC 4993 81NGC 4994 81NGC 4997 365–66, 405NGC 5020 194NGC 5022 436NGC 5023 356NGC 5024 68, 167, 186NGC 5030 405NGC 5031 405NGC 5033 91, 300NGC 5035 405NGC 5038 405NGC 5039 434NGC 5046 405NGC 5055 116, 194NGC 5066 436NGC 5068 260, 261NGC 5069 436NGC 5072 243NGC 5080 405NGC 5088 363–64NGC 5100 258NGC 5101 20NGC 5106 258NGC 5112 191, 194NGC 5128 5, 75, 76NGC 5139 80NGC 5144 241NGC 5162 449NGC 5165 332, 366NGC 5171 332, 365–66, 414NGC 5174 44–45, 449NGC 5175 45, 455NGC 5176 365, 414NGC 5177 365, 414NGC 5178 365, 414NGC 5179 332, 366, 414NGC 5186 414NGC 5189 418

NGC 5191 365–66NGC 5194 44–45, 60, 114, 116, 167,

194, 214, 281, 300, 482NGC 5195 31, 44–45, 60, 114–16, 194,

209, 214, 281, 300, 484, 490–91NGC 5200 129, 204NGC 5226 315NGC 5236 214NGC 5247 211–12, 214, 491NGC 5248 191, 194, 280NGC 5253 23, 26NGC 5268 139, 182NGC 5272 136, 167NGC 5278 310NGC 5279 310–11NGC 5309 349, 358NGC 5310 129, 204NGC 5315 393, 452NGC 5319 304NGC 5322 167NGC 5338 311NGC 5348 311NGC 5350 281NGC 5353 281NGC 5354 281NGC 5355 281NGC 5358 281NGC 5366 128, 204NGC 5367 81NGC 5377 91NGC 5378 191NGC 5404 129, 204NGC 5405 413–14NGC 5409 331NGC 5414 330NGC 5416 329–31NGC 5418 413NGC 5422 59NGC 5423 330–31NGC 5424 330–31NGC 5426 45NGC 5427 45, 194NGC 5431 331NGC 5434 331NGC 5436 331NGC 5437 331NGC 5438 330–32NGC 5439 350NGC 5441 58NGC 5443 59NGC 5446 330–32NGC 5457 167, 191, 194, 487NGC 5465 329NGC 5466 167NGC 5467 328, 329NGC 5468 194, 329NGC 5471 244NGC 5472 329, 332

NGC 5473 59NGC 5487 337NGC 5495 336–37NGC 5496 405NGC 5502 347, 356, 358NGC 5503 347, 356, 358NGC 5509 425NGC 5511 365–66NGC 5511A 367NGC 5511B 367NGC 5519 247NGC 5522 44–45NGC 5534 332, 375NGC 5535 254, 456NGC 5538 256, 258, 302, 321NGC 5544 300NGC 5545 300NGC 5557 115–16, 194NGC 5566 207NGC 5570 247NGC 5584 397, 399NGC 5601 306NGC 5619 271–72NGC 5632 128, 130, 182, 204NGC 5634 167NGC 5648 426, 455NGC 5649 426, 455NGC 5651 128, 130, 182, 204NGC 5653 362, 364NGC 5657 362NGC 5658 128, 130, 182, 204NGC 5660 197NGC 5672 362, 364NGC 5694 151NGC 5699 375NGC 5700 311NGC 5703 375NGC 5706 375NGC 5707 340NGC 5709 375NGC 5713 194NGC 5734 433, 434NGC 5740 300NGC 5743 433NGC 5752 311NGC 5753 311NGC 5755 311NGC 5765 200NGC 5765B 200NGC 5769 405NGC 5775 91, 190NGC 5783 344, 347, 351NGC 5785 347, 351NGC 5796 435NGC 5808 160–61, 247NGC 5813 91–92, 208NGC 5814 208NGC 5819 160, 247






Object index 643

NGC 5824 397, 402NGC 5826 347NGC 5834 56, 397–98NGC 5838 91, 92NGC 5841 258NGC 5846 423, 424NGC 5846A 423, 424NGC 5848 258NGC 5856 34, 41, 454NGC 5857 61, 191, 196, 516–17NGC 5858 405NGC 5859 61, 191, 196, 516–17NGC 5866 17, 31, 114, 117, 167, 181,

219NGC 5865 210NGC 5868 210NGC 5870 347NGC 5872 337NGC 5873 393, 394, 452NGC 5876 348NGC 5877 260–61NGC 5879 121NGC 5883 337NGC 5884 430, 461NGC 5897 167NGC 5898 460NGC 5903 460NGC 5904 136, 167NGC 5907 30, 91, 241, 300–01NGC 5919 350NGC 5921 194NGC 5928 17–18NGC 5936 364NGC 5948 376NGC 5964 61, 107, 110NGC 5976 422NGC 5981 422NGC 5982 422NGC 5985 192, 194NGC 5986 186, 325NGC 5990 20, 297, 314NGC 5994 304NGC 5996 364NGC 6002 309NGC 6015 519NGC 6020 362NGC 6027 272NGC 6028 426NGC 6034 355NGC 6039 355NGC 6040 272, 355NGC 6041 272, 355NGC 6042 272, 355NGC 6043 355NGC 6044 355NGC 6045 355NGC 6046 426NGC 6047 355

NGC 6049 299, 454NGC 6050 348, 355NGC 6052 258NGC 6053 347, 355NGC 6054 355NGC 6055 355NGC 6056 348, 355NGC 6057 347, 355NGC 6058 191NGC 6061 355NGC 6064 258NGC 6073 197NGC 6091 358NGC 6093 167NGC 6098 362–63NGC 6099 362–63NGC 6115 175NGC 6117 254NGC 6121 18NGC 6123 351NGC 6125 347, 445NGC 6127 347–48, 445NGC 6128 347, 445NGC 6138 375–76NGC 6153 393, 452NGC 6170 347NGC 6171 16–17, 31, 64–65, 80, 167,

186NGC 6176 347NGC 6187 427, 428, 461NGC 6189 74, 347NGC 6191 347NGC 6205 136, 143, 167, 191NGC 6210 38, 68, 91, 121, 152, 175,

186, 281, 381NGC 6212 344NGC 6214 347NGC 6218 167, 194NGC 6229 40, 97, 167, 186NGC 6231 453NGC 6235 167NGC 6239 274, 321NGC 6240 426NGC 6241 35NGC 6251 26NGC 6252 26NGC 6254 136, 143, 167NGC 6257 197NGC 6262 376NGC 6276 257–58, 259NGC 6277 257–58, 259NGC 6278 257–58, 259, 273NGC 6285 344, 351NGC 6288 358NGC 6289 358NGC 6297 347NGC 6298 347NGC 6299 242

NGC 6301 41NGC 6302 74, 397–98, 399NGC 6307 242NGC 6308 254NGC 6309 265–66, 329, 391NGC 6310 242NGC 6314 254NGC 6315 254NGC 6316 74NGC 6326 74NGC 6333 143, 167NGC 6337 214NGC 6341 167, 186, 292NGC 6344 430, 461NGC 6347 362NGC 6352 397NGC 6353 430, 461NGC 6354 397, 400NGC 6356 167NGC 6359 242NGC 6363 375NGC 6364 255, 271–72, 284, 363–64,

375, 448NGC 6366 146, 182, 455NGC 6371 364NGC 6382 358NGC 6384 246, 254, 255NGC 6389 326–27NGC 6395 358NGC 6401 36NGC 6402 64, 168, 186NGC 6404 86NGC 6405 18NGC 6411 242NGC 6412 33NGC 6414 274, 350NGC 6415 74, 85NGC 6416 406NGC 6418 358NGC 6421 85NGC 6426 274, 321NGC 6427 276NGC 6428 214NGC 6431 272, 276, 377NGC 6434 148NGC 6439 391NGC 6441 186, 325NGC 6445 392NGC 6446 460NGC 6447 460NGC 6457 358NGC 6475 456NGC 6480 84–85NGC 6481 326NGC 6484 362NGC 6488 347NGC 6497 347NGC 6498 347






644 Object index

NGC 6503 147, 148–49, 168, 182NGC 6508 414NGC 6510 347NGC 6511 347NGC 6512 242NGC 6514 26, 31, 86, 95, 214, 516NGC 6516 242NGC 6519 176, 179, 260NGC 6520 142, 143, 400NGC 6521 242NGC 6522 176NGC 6523 18, 86NGC 6527 362NGC 6529 74NGC 6532 358NGC 6535 124–25, 182NGC 6536 358NGC 6537 391NGC 6539 169–70, 182NGC 6541 69, 71, 80, 186NGC 6543 5, 97, 98, 152, 166, 168, 186,

250, 282, 407, 459NGC 6544 36, 390NGC 6548 376NGC 6549 375–76NGC 6550 375–76NGC 6551 434NGC 6553 186, 325NGC 6558 81NGC 6563 74NGC 6565 391NGC 6566 242NGC 6567 391NGC 6569 23, 26NGC 6570 246NGC 6572 37, 68, 91, 121, 143–44, 168,

175, 186, 281NGC 6574 276NGC 6575 272, 362NGC 6577 364NGC 6578 391NGC 6580 364NGC 6585 358NGC 6589 362, 363, 403NGC 6590 363, 403NGC 6595 403NGC 6599 375NGC 6600 375NGC 6603 57, 220NGC 6610 276NGC 6611 462NGC 6612 351NGC 6618 60, 86, 95, 168, 214, 516NGC 6620 391NGC 6621 346–47, 353, 356, 358NGC 6622 346–47, 353, 356NGC 6626 136NGC 6629 260

NGC 6633 29, 31NGC 6634 220NGC 6637 186, 220NGC 6641 362NGC 6643 127, 129–30, 168, 182, 204,

237–38, 514, 520NGC 6644 391, 392NGC 6648 68–69, 69, 182NGC 6654 411–12, 414NGC 6655 146, 182NGC 6656 455NGC 6663 357–58NGC 6666 349, 358, 455NGC 6667 347–48, 354, 443, 445NGC 6668 347, 354, 445NGC 6669 255NGC 6672 376NGC 6674 363–64NGC 6675 274, 364NGC 6677 9, 347, 350, 351, 352, 354NGC 6678 347, 354, 445NGC 6679 9, 347, 350, 351, 352–54NGC 6685 357–58NGC 6686 357–58NGC 6688 364NGC 6689 347–48NGC 6690 347–48NGC 6693 255NGC 6704 145–46, 182NGC 6705 136, 143NGC 6708 86NGC 6709 280NGC 6712 168NGC 6717 36NGC 6720 43, 60, 91, 136, 142, 161, 241NGC 6723 176, 182, 325NGC 6724 57–58NGC 6726 176, 177, 179, 254, 258, 260NGC 6727 176, 177, 179, 254, 258, 260NGC 6729 176, 177, 179, 254, 258, 260,

522NGC 6731 430, 461NGC 6741 391NGC 6748 274NGC 6749 58NGC 6751 257, 373NGC 6759 272NGC 6760 123, 124–25, 154, 156, 182,

236, 285–86, 300, 519NGC 6762 347NGC 6763 347NGC 6765 256, 257, 363–64NGC 6766 391–93, 395NGC 6767 430, 461NGC 6775 120NGC 6777 220NGC 6778 258, 391–92NGC 6779 168

NGC 6781 91, 153, 194, 214NGC 6785 58, 258, 391–92NGC 6790 391NGC 6791 127, 129–30, 145, 146, 182,

205NGC 6792 430, 461NGC 6797 326NGC 6798 348NGC 6803 391–92NGC 6804 41NGC 6807 391NGC 6813 256–57NGC 6818 91, 116, 143–44, 153, 154,

159, 161, 168, 175, 241, 300, 400NGC 6819 29, 64–65, 186, 300NGC 6820 256–57NGC 6822 5, 395–97, 400, 401NGC 6823 20NGC 6825 358NGC 6826 40, 60, 143–44NGC 6833 391–92NGC 6838 168NGC 6842 245–46, 257, 363–64NGC 6844 391NGC 6846 274NGC 6847 174, 245NGC 6852 174, 257NGC 6853 45, 60, 91, 114, 136, 143,

161, 168, 192, 214, 241, 281, 455NGC 6857 197NGC 6859 128, 130, 182, 204NGC 6864 168NGC 6866 29, 64, 186NGC 6869 347NGC 6871 68NGC 6873 68NGC 6879 391, 392–93, 395NGC 6881 391NGC 6882 64–65, 186, 292, 448NGC 6884 392–93, 395NGC 6885 64–65, 186, 285, 292, 448NGC 6886 37, 393NGC 6888 5, 300, 301, 394NGC 6891 393NGC 6894 37, 116, 300, 301NGC 6897 364NGC 6898 364NGC 6903 197NGC 6905 60, 91, 92, 108, 116, 142,

151, 153–54, 191, 194, 214, 281, 514NGC 6907 255NGC 6908 255NGC 6912 405NGC 6914 376NGC 6916 350, 444, 455, 456NGC 6921 271–72NGC 6926 314NGC 6933 289






Object index 645

NGC 6939 526NGC 6941 361–62NGC 6943 142NGC 6946 179, 192, 194, 525–26NGC 6951 277, 340, 461NGC 6952 276, 277, 340, 461NGC 6960 5, 60, 96, 453NGC 6962 516NGC 6964 516NGC 6966 242–43, 426NGC 6973 453NGC 6974 309–10, 453NGC 6975 426NGC 6976 426NGC 6979 309–10, 453NGC 6981 168NGC 6992 5, 30, 95NGC 6995 5, 61, 95, 453NGC 6999 4–5NGC 7000 2, 4–5, 30, 32, 33, 222, 458,

559NGC 7001 4–5, 6NGC 7005 154, 155, 156, 186, 243, 245NGC 7006 30NGC 7008 41, 192NGC 7009 18, 19, 20, 22, 36–38, 43, 60,

68, 91, 92, 114, 135, 136, 143, 151–52, 159, 161, 168, 175, 186, 211, 214–15, 260, 281, 381, 407, 452, 455, 514

NGC 7010 57–58NGC 7023 41, 345NGC 7026 363, 365, 366, 382, 393–94NGC 7027 9, 376–379, 380, 382NGC 7028 255NGC 7040 408NGC 7048 376–77NGC 7051 197NGC 7052 300NGC 7053 246NGC 7054 274NGC 7065 246, 274NGC 7066 347NGC 7078 68, 136, 168, 186NGC 7080 376NGC 7088 384–85, 537NGC 7089 136, 168NGC 7092 454NGC 7094 345, 349, 382NGC 7099 143NGC 7108 276NGC 7111 276NGC 7114 392, 393, 403, 430, 444, 455NGC 7122 139, 140, 182NGC 7133 424NGC 7134 326NGC 7135 212NGC 7140 448NGC 7141 448

NGC 7143 197NGC 7147 246NGC 7150 124, 128, 204NGC 7152 212NGC 7153 212NGC 7154 212NGC 7164 434NGC 7165 197NGC 7167 212NGC 7172 212NGC 7173 212NGC 7174 212NGC 7177 192NGC 7184 20, 21, 65NGC 7187 434NGC 7190 274, 276, 320NGC 7210 197NGC 7226 405–06NGC 7240 271–72NGC 7242 271–72, 274NGC 7254 436NGC 7256 436NGC 7257 276NGC 7258 212NGC 7259 212NGC 7260 276NGC 7284 212, 216–17NGC 7285 212, 216–17NGC 7288 364NGC 7291 362NGC 7293 5, 64–66, 71, 163, 168, 182,

325, 453NGC 7317 272–73NGC 7818 273NGC 7318A 272NGC 7318B 272NGC 7319 272–73NGC 7320 272–73NGC 7320C 273NGC 7322 79NGC 7325 289NGC 7326 309NGC 7331 5, 91, 116, 136, 168, 192,

195, 209, 524NGC 7332 91, 209NGC 7333 289NGC 7334 79NGC 7335 209, 524NGC 7338 329NGC 7339 209NGC 7343 362NGC 7347 159NGC 7367 246NGC 7375 362NGC 7380 29NGC 7383 199–200NGC 7384 304NGC 7387 201

NGC 7388 309NGC 7390 304NGC 7393 327NGC 7402 304NGC 7403 129, 232NGC 7405 255NGC 7416 363, 366NGC 7422 246, 255, 271, 283–84,

363–64, 448NGC 7427 283NGC 7433 300–01NGC 7435 300–01NGC 7436 300–01NGC 7443 61, 265NGC 7444 61, 265NGC 7447 139, 182NGC 7450 265–66NGC 7451 283NGC 7453 326–27NGC 7457 300NGC 7463 209, 241, 280, 515–16NGC 7464 209, 241, 258, 279–80, 516NGC 7465 209, 241, 280, 515–16NGC 7472 244, 283–84NGC 7477 243, 244, 245, 284, 456NGC 7479 91, 114, 117, 153, 159, 161,

241, 480, 511NGC 7482 244, 283–84NGC 7486 313, 319NGC 7489 216, 255NGC 7490 405NGC 7493 455NGC 7507 212NGC 7511 347NGC 7513 254, 397, 400NGC 7520 266NGC 7528 387NGC 7537 286, 295NGC 7541 286, 295NGC 7547 289NGC 7548 160, 182, 242NGC 7549 289–90, 301–02, 321NGC 7550 289–90NGC 7553 266, 289–90, 301–02, 321NGC 7555 279NGC 7559 159NGC 7560 286, 289, 295NGC 7561 286, 289, 295NGC 7563 159NGC 7565 270NGC 7568 276NGC 7571 289, 290NGC 7574 276NGC 7577 425, 456NGC 7581 131, 294, 295NGC 7582 212NGC 7583 257–58NGC 7588 290






646 Object index

NGC 7594 387–88NGC 7595 387NGC 7597 289, 290NGC 7598 290NGC 7601 386–87NGC 7602 290NGC 7604 257NGC 7605 257–58NGC 7606 153NGC 7608 246NGC 7610 387–88NGC 7612 256, 258NGC 7613 270NGC 7614 269, 270NGC 7616 387–88NGC 7617 258NGC 7619 47, 285NGC 7620 267NGC 7623 47NGC 7626 47NGC 7630 386–87NGC 7631 200NGC 7635 41NGC 7638 386–87, 388NGC 7639 386–87, 388NGC 7648 269, 373NGC 7649 348NGC 7654 168NGC 7662 5, 36, 37, 38, 43, 60, 91, 114,

116, 143–44, 151–53, 168, 192, 194, 212, 214, 281–82, 290, 305, 381, 403, 514

NGC 7663 270NGC 7664 267NGC 7666 270NGC 7667 269–70NGC 7668 270NGC 7669 270NGC 7670 270NGC 7673 246NGC 7678 192, 194NGC 7679 258NGC 7683 267, 269–70NGC 7686 292NGC 7688 283–84, 326NGC 7691 197NGC 7692 128, 204NGC 7693 409, 410NGC 7710 258NGC 7712 266NGC 7717 266NGC 7724 267NGC 7730 266NGC 7738 269–70NGC 7739 269–70NGC 7748 454NGC 7752 200, 302

NGC 7756 311NGC 7759 344NGC 7766 313NGC 7767 313NGC 7769 300NGC 7770 300NGC 7771 300NGC 7780 344NGC 7783 364NGC 7789 5, 29, 168NGC 7793 128, 131, 231–32NGC 7804 232, 233, 448NGC 7805 516NGC 7806 516NGC 7810 48NGC 7814 192, 300–01NGC 7815 289NGC 7819 313NGC 7822 197NGC 7827 53, 376NGC 7828 434NGC 7829 434NGC 7830 255NGC 7834 255, 256NGC 7835 255, 256NGC 7837 255, 256NGC 7838 256NGC 7840 255–56North America Nebula 2, 4–5, 30, 32,

33, 222, 379, 458, 558–59Nova Aurigae 1892 403Nova Cygni 1876 392–93, 403, 429–30,

455Nova Persei 1901 396Nova T Scorpii 148, 176, 514Nubecula Major 77, 85–86Nubecula Minor 77, 85–86

Omega Centauri (ω Cen) 16, 79–80Omega Nebula 16, 39, 60, 86, 89, 95,

104, 111, 142, 144, 301, 343, 406–07, 479, 516

Orion Nebula 1–2, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, 33, 38–39, 41, 52–53, 84, 86, 88–90, 103–05, 107, 112, 118, 124–25, 132–34, 138, 142, 143, 150, 173, 190, 192, 195, 211, 215, 234, 251, 305, 307, 308, 321, 333, 336, 361, 367–69, 385–86, 403, 406–07, 418, 431–32, 445, 450, 455, 475, 476–77, 480–82, 488, 513–14, 516, 528, 531, 558

Owl Nebula 116, 117, 190

Pegasus I Cluster 47Pelican Nebula 2Perseus Cluster 244–45, 250, 320, 423–25

Pleiades 1, 8, 13, 17, 30, 39, 171–73, 220, 384–86, 401, 438, 456, 466, 472, 479, 514, 521, 522, 523–25, 526, 527–31, 533–34, 535, 536–40, 542, 543–45, 546–47, 548–550, 551–52, 553, 554, 555–556, 557–58, 559–61

Polarissima Australis 57, 81, 82, 455Polarissima Borealis 24, 57, 58, 81, 455Praesepe 1, 2, 15–16, 18, 30, 256, 454,

456Ptolemy’s Cluster 15–16, 456

Ring Nebula 16, 35–36, 42–43, 60, 107, 111, 116–17, 124, 205, 215, 241, 349, 403, 406–07, 410, 479

Rosette Nebula 5, 256, 257, 303, 340, 341, 342–43

Sagittarius Star Cloud 17, 57, 220, 464S And 23, 410, 413–14, 429, 516Saturn Nebula 5, 19, 36, 68, 92, 151,

211, 215, 260, 381, 407, 452, 455Sculptor group 420Seyfert’s Sextet 272Siamese Twins 55, 61, 209Silver Dollar Galaxy 5Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) 5,

15–16, 74, 77–78, 80, 84–86, 219–20, 420, 453–55

Sombrero Galaxy 31Spindle Galaxy 290Stephan’s Quintet 272, 273Struve’s Lost Nebula 124, 281, 283, 498,

504, 512

Tarantula Nebula 28, 86The Antennae 5, 40, 45, 47–48, 49The Box 44, 46The Mice 44Theta Orionis (θ Ori) 53, 86, 367, 369Trapezium 9, 53, 77, 111, 132, 251, 361,

367, 368–69, 403Trifid Nebula 26, 27, 31, 40, 86, 95, 96,

213, 406–07, 476, 516–17

UGC 492 465

vdB 69 57Veil Nebula 5, 30, 60, 95, 309–10, 453Virgo Cluster 3, 46–47, 86, 148–49, 155,

209, 223, 248, 456, 467, 514

Whirlpool Nebula 60, 115Wild Duck Cluster 16, 475Winnecke 4 146






647

Subject index

annular nebula, 106–07, 114–17, 410asterism, 1Astronomical Society Catalogue (ASC),

78–79Atlas écliptique, 205, 438, 498

Bedford Catalogue, 15, 119–21, 157, 159, 379, 382, 481

Berliner Akademische Sternkarten, 122, 138, 149, 174, 184, 205

binocular, 21bipolar nebula, 16, 45, 61, 208, 287,

375–76, 515Bonner Durchmusterung (BD), 9, 88,

131, 158, 161–63, 165–66, 173–74, 184, 214, 233, 237, 291, 330, 380, 424, 451, 466, 473, 506, 524, 529

British Association Catalogue (BAC), 55, 135, 154, 180, 223

Brisbane catalogue, 72, 78Bruce medal, 147

Carte du Ciel, 326, 437–38, 549catalogue identity, 11, 27, 79Catalogus Britannicus, 159cave nebula, 400, 551Celestial charts, 324–27central star, 39–40, 42–43, 104, 116, 118,

157, 345, 395, 473classification, 8, 22, 44, 83, 290, 333colour, 35–38, 528comet, 2, 17, 62, 70–71, 88, 93, 126, 131,

158, 173, 178, 187, 217, 234, 260, 284, 337, 341, 345–46, 379, 515, 523

cometary nebula, 35, 40, 61, 176, 549, 560

comet eye-piece, 400, 528, 541comet-seeker, 65–66, 77, 88, 127, 137–38,

144–46, 148, 161–66, 169–70, 173, 179, 262, 274, 341, 397, 503, 525–26

compact galaxy, 352–54, 424contrast, 33, 43core-nebula, 177, 260, 268, 285, 473

Crossley reflector, 208, 382, 389, 467, 481, 560

dark nebula, 1, 142, 396, 400, 406, 452, 510, 517

Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), 5, 12, 470double galaxy, 40, 47, 61, 160, 196, 209,

216, 265, 273, 294, 301, 303, 330, 346, 353, 356, 363, 367, 423

double nebula, 8–10, 44, 46–47, 54, 60–62, 83, 148, 154, 179, 182, 187, 202–03, 208–09, 242, 286–87, 310, 346, 353–54, 387–88, 481, 515

dwarf galaxy, 400

ecliptical charts, 88, 122, 138, 205, 251, 498, 526

edge-on galaxy, 5, 12, 29–30, 60, 111, 159, 213, 241, 300–01, 377, 421

elliptical galaxy, 82, 84, 115, 194emission nebula, 1, 12, 30, 40, 58, 74,

81, 242, 255–57, 320, 349, 390, 397, 452, 521

entrance pupil, 113, 538–39exit pupil, 113, 486, 539extensive diffused nebulosity, 32, 181,

551, 558

face-on galaxy, 30field of view, 25–26, 28, 33, 41, 95, 113,

172, 212, 239, 264, 294, 308, 328, 340, 342, 390, 404, 418, 486, 523, 531, 534, 538, 540, 547, 559

field sweeping, 66, 526, 542filter, 33finding eye-piece, 110, 113, 116Franklin-Adams charts, 466front-view, 20, 103, 112, 118, 138, 299,

305, 422, 477, 479

galactic nebula, 1, 209, 213, 243, 329, 385, 452–53

galaxy, 1, 23, 30, 40, 55, 58, 61, 74, 81, 91,

104, 135, 178, 187, 213, 224, 243, 255, 265, 271, 274, 279, 282, 303, 308, 310, 315, 318, 320, 327, 329, 349, 355, 365, 376–77, 385–86, 388, 397, 401, 424, 434, 453

galaxy chain, 46, 55, 356, 388, 422galaxy cluster, 46galaxy group, 12, 190, 255, 271–72, 288,

290, 301, 313–14, 365, 469galaxy trio, 82, 241, 356, 435, 516gaseous nebula, 112, 119, 150, 250–51,

380, 507, 535Gegenschein, 166, 169, 556glass mirror, 34, 99, 110, 118, 131, 205,

215, 306, 388, 415, 417, 419, 501, 528glass secondary, 299globular cluster, 1, 30, 39, 42, 58, 61, 69,

74, 81, 111, 113, 115, 135, 187, 194, 442, 453

gold medal (RAS), 50, 52, 66, 73, 100, 121–22, 125, 132, 147, 150, 240, 282, 360, 386, 390, 397, 422, 427

gold medal (Warner), 339grand amateur, 9Great Melbourne Telescope (GMT), 72,

77, 100, 133, 222, 252, 415–21, 451, 518

group of nebulae, 249, 256, 273, 312, 354, 423

Guide Star Catalogue (GSC), 79, 372

HII region, 44–45, 47–49, 61, 160–61, 174, 183, 244, 255, 317, 363, 399–400, 424, 453

Hagen clouds, 385, 466, 510, 559halation, 553, 555, 560helical nebula, 65, 190, 213heliometer (Bonn), 97, 144, 152, 162–63,

166heliometer (Königsberg), 65, 69, 92,

123–24, 127, 130, 134, 139, 145–48, 154–55, 158, 163, 169–70, 182, 184, 186–87, 500, 523

The compilation excludes names of persons, telescopes, sites (observatories) and designated objects; see the indices for these categories.






Henry Draper Catalogue (HD), 9Herschel omitted nebula (HON), 47–48,

59, 78, 85Herschel Space Observatory, 15Herschelian, 20, 170, 299Histoire Céleste, 55, 68, 97, 122, 152,

154, 159, 170, 239, 441Hubble classification, 1Hubble Space Telescope (HST), 4, 79,

481, 487, 561Hubble’s law, 456

illumination, 42, 70, 113, 115, 138, 195, 227, 235, 290–91, 342, 422

integrated magnitude, 9, 12irregular galaxy, 194isophotic chart, 95–96

Jupiter, 35, 37–38, 94, 357, 360, 370, 396, 418, 560

Leviathan of Parsonstown, 100, 109, 317, 484

Lalande price, 126, 134, 276, 411light pollution, 131, 133, 261, 274, 312,

339, 372, 377, 477luminous fluid, 9, 40, 104–05, 484, 487lunar temperature, 307, 310

Malta catalogue, 213, 217, 251, 254, 257, 319

Markree catalogue, 137–38, 206, 306Mars, 133, 149, 306, 370, 409, 496Mercury, 229, 271micrometer, 10, 25, 42, 65, 67, 70, 90–91,

95, 102, 113, 115, 127, 135, 138, 141, 150–51, 165, 174–75, 182, 184, 187, 189, 195–96, 207, 215, 227, 235–36, 239, 248, 259, 262, 266, 268, 271, 278, 284–85, 288, 290–91, 296, 298–99, 307, 310, 313, 327–28, 342, 344, 354, 380, 398, 404, 422, 430, 432, 462, 465, 472–73, 499, 501, 503, 515, 517, 534

nebular hypothesis, 9, 11, 98, 105, 107, 110–12, 115, 118, 234, 476, 482, 484–87

nebulous star, 40–41, 43, 55, 57, 60, 62, 80, 118, 121, 139, 154, 157–59, 163–64, 299, 345, 354, 398, 402, 453, 544

Neptune, 10, 89, 122, 124, 132, 145, 148, 215

NGC/IC Project, 470NGC identity, 11, 27, 55, 79, 346–47

North Pole Distance (NPD), 4, 8, 24, 54, 95, 219, 319, 440, 488

objective prism, 140, 390, 394–95open cluster, 1, 33, 58, 74, 81, 84, 135,

187, 242–43, 292, 321, 382, 397, 420, 453, 459, 466

orbit-sweeper, 145, 262–63, 413–14

Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS), 313, 467, 469–70

parallax, 10, 152, 154, 382peculiar galaxy, 75–76, 195photography, 4, 8, 11, 15, 43, 103, 125,

205, 249, 360, 382, 385, 390, 396, 398, 400, 402, 407, 411, 415, 418, 421, 427, 432, 437, 443–44, 458, 465–66, 472–73, 477, 479, 481, 492, 497–98, 510–11, 521–22, 542–46, 548–51, 553–57

photometry, 4, 8, 11, 23, 390planetary nebula, 1, 9, 11, 14, 22, 26, 30,

32, 35, 37–40, 42, 47, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, 74, 81, 89–91, 93, 97, 104, 108, 114, 116–17, 120, 135, 142, 144, 148, 152–54, 157, 161, 175, 180, 187, 194, 209, 213, 242, 255–57, 260, 282, 305, 308, 311, 320, 323, 333, 349, 363, 376, 389–92, 395, 403, 410, 442, 453, 459, 462, 473

portrait lens, 401, 553–54, 556, 558–59proper motion, 8, 14, 91, 98, 134–35,

151–52, 154, 180, 187, 207, 238, 242, 288, 407, 410, 472–73, 475, 515, 517

quasar, 1, 271, 430–31

reduction, 10, 49, 473reflection nebula, 1, 12, 40, 43, 81,

135, 176, 194, 242, 320, 349, 376, 452, 521

reflectivity, 34, 38, 110resolvability, 8–9, 83, 86, 89, 93, 98, 104,

106–08, 110–12, 118, 190, 223–24, 279–80, 291, 333, 373, 472, 484, 486, 488

ring galaxy, 12, 47, 255, 329, 377, 433–34Royal Medal, 100

satellite, 8, 11, 60–62, 148, 152–53, 241, 260Saturn, 38, 94, 110, 125–26, 132, 174,

211, 215, 485seeing, 175Seyfert galaxy, 116, 194silvered (glass) speculum, 188, 528, 546

South Pole Distance (SPD), 8, 74spectrograph, 560spectroscope, 144, 251, 280, 305, 308,

311, 321, 364, 380–82, 390, 392, 395, 418, 427, 507

spectroscopy, 1, 4, 8, 11, 98, 119, 140, 150, 250–51, 278, 292, 304, 313, 323, 333–34, 365, 389–92, 407, 415, 427, 443–44, 518

speculum, 34, 99, 110, 132, 190, 417, 495, 527, 531, 539

spiral galaxy, 110, 115, 195spiral nebula, 9, 65, 112, 114–18, 195,

205, 472, 476, 480–82, 486–88, 493–94, 496–97, 560

star cloud, 397, 399supernova, 23, 410, 412–13, 415, 429,

452, 516supernova remnant (SNR), 1, 74, 95, 104,

108, 135, 161, 310, 390, 452–53, 521superthin galaxy, 356–57surface brightness, 9, 35, 37, 43, 64, 539

tarnishing, 30, 34, 51, 417–18trans-Neptunian planet, 369–71true nebulosity, 14, 39–40, 57, 62, 83,

89, 93, 98, 104–05, 109, 112, 118, 234, 476, 482

Uranus, 18, 23, 25, 35, 38, 80, 132, 215, 370–71, 379

Valz price, 411variable nebula, 148, 162, 176, 205–07,

242, 472, 501, 512–14, 519, 521–22, 524, 527

Venus, 252, 267, 294, 306, 310–11, 413, 519

Very Large Telescope (VLT), 4vignetting, 113, 539Vulcan, 325, 338, 519

Webb Deep-Sky Society, 383white nebula, 11Willard lens, 396, 553Wolf-Palisa charts, 411Wolf-Rayet star/nebula, 301, 393, 395,

453working list, 33, 50, 53, 73, 179, 189,

217, 231

zodiacal light, 345zone catalogue, 7, 47, 50, 53, 179–80, 217,

222, 465–66

648 Subject index






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