7 g solids_liquids_and_gases

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KS3 Chemistry

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases



Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Summary activities

Diffusion

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Contents


What different types of materials are there?

Liquid metal Solid used in aircraft Solid used to coat steel cans Intoxicating liquid Radioactive solid Solid that rusts Unreactive gas Solid used by Roman plumbers

MMercuryAAluminiumTTinEEthanolRRadiumIIronAArgonLLead

Different substances

Aluminium LeadArgon Iron

RadiumEthanolTinMercury

What are the names of the substances described in this table?(The first letters spell out another word for ‘substance’.)


Three states of matter

solid liquid gas

At room temperature most substances exist in one of three physical states.


Solid, liquid or gas?




Summary activities

Diffusion


The particle model

Contents


The particle model

The difference between solids, liquids and gases can be explained by the…

All substances are made up of particles.

The particles are attracted to each other. Some particles are attracted strongly to each other and others weakly.

The particles move around. They are described as having kinetic energy.

The kinetic energy of the particles increases with temperature.


Particles in a solid – animation


Particles in a liquid – animation


Particles in a gas – animation




Summary activities

Diffusion


The particle model

Contents


Which state of matter am I?




Summary activities

Diffusion


The particle model

Contents


How do smells spread out?Where is the smell coming from and how does it spread out?


Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases but hardly at all in solids.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the movement of particles that allows them to spread out and mix with other particles. For example, the smell of aftershave or perfume diffuses and is detected by people on the other side of the room.

Use the particle model to explain these facts about diffusion:

Diffusion happens more quickly for gases than for liquids.

Diffusion happens more quickly at warm temperatures than at cooler temperatures.


Diffusion animation 1


Diffusion animation 2


When the gases meet, they react to form a ring of ammonium chloride which is closer to one end of the tube than the other.

cotton wool soaked in ammonia

solution

cotton wool soaked in concentrated

hydrochloric acid

Which gas particles diffuse faster, ammonia or acid, and why?

By the time the gases meet, the ammonia particles have travelled further down the tube so they must have diffused at a faster speed.

Diffusion experimentIn this experiment, two gases diffuse towards each other in a sealed glass tube.

gasesmeethere




Summary activities

Diffusion


The particle model

Contents


Glossarydiffusion – Particles spreading out and mixing in the gas

or liquid state.

gas – The state of matter in which particles move quickly in all directions and rarely touch each other.

liquid – The state of matter in which particles are randomly arranged and touch each other.

matter – The stuff that everything is made of.

particle – The smallest unit of matter.

pressure – The force produced when particles move against a surface.

solid – The state of matter in which particles are in a fixed arrangement and touch each other.


Anagrams


Across:2. Change from liquid to solid5. Force caused by collisions of

particles6. Arranged in a 3-dimensional

pattern9. Spacing of particles in solids

and liquids10. All substances are this state at

very low temperatures11. Only liquids and gases do this

1

2 3

4

5

6

7 8

9

10

11

Down:1. Closely packed particles 6. Particles are close but disorganised 3. Change from gas to liquid 7. Particles widely spread out4. Change from solid to liquid 8. Change from liquid to gas

Crossword


Multiple-choice quiz

7 g solids_liquids_and_gases

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